中考专区二轮专题------初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案

初中英语被动语态深度讲解
语态的基本概念和种类
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
如：They
built
the
bridge.
?
?The
bridge
was
built
by
them.
被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
1一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
She
often
waters
the
flowers.
The
flowers
are
often
watered
by
her’
English
is
spoken
by
lots
of
people
in
the
world
2一般过去时：was／were＋taught
Was/were
done
We
visited
a
form
yesterday.
A
form
was
visited
yesterday
by
us.
the
cup
was
broken
by
the
boy.
He
was
saved
at
last.
My
bike
was
stolen,
Some
new
computers
were
stolen
last
night.?
This
book
was
published
in
1981.?
???这本书出版于1981年
3一般将来时：will／shall
be＋taught
Am/
is
/are
going
to
be
done
She
will
plant
some
trees
this
week.
some
trees
will
be
planted
this
week.
our
class
is
going
to
hold
a
party
this
morning.
A
party
is
going
to
be
held
this
evening
by
our
class
A
new
road
will
be
built
next
year
4现在进行时：am／is／are
being＋taught
过去进行时：was/
were
being
done
He
is
reading
a
novel.
A
novel
is
being
read
The
problem
was
being
discussed
now
The
machine
was
being
repaired
at
this
time
yesterday.
5现在完成时：have／has
been＋taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面
We
have
finished
the
work.
The
work
has
already
been
finished
by
us.
6情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词
He
can
speak
English
English
can
be
spoken
by
him
We
should
plant
more
trees
on
the
mountain
More
trees
should
be
planted
on
the
mountain
You
must
finished
your
homework
in
time
your
homework
must
be
finished
finished
in
time
（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
(1)
通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be
/
get
+过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：
Li
Lei
planted
the
tree
last
year.
→
The
tree
was
planted
by
Li
Lei
last
year.
这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。
Workers
made
the
machines
in
Changsha.
\
→
The
machines
were
made
in
Changsha.
这些机器是长沙造的。
(2)
将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：
He
painted
the
door
green
yesterday.
→The
door
was
painted
green
yesterday.
昨天门被漆成绿色了。
注意：表示“使、让”的动词make,
have等，以及感官动词see,
watch,
observe,
feel,
hear,
listen
to,
look
at等，感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须转为带to不定式。
如：　　
I
saw
a
bag
drop
from
the
bus.　　
→
A
bag
was
seen
to
drop
from
the
bus.　　
　Mother
made
her
baby
sleep
in
her
arms.　　
→
The
baby
was
made
to
sleep
in
her
mother’s
arms.　　
I
saw
him
go
into
the
teachers’
office.
→He
was
seen
to
go
into
the
teachers’
office.
看见他进入了教师办公室。
We
often
hear
her
sing
in
the
next
room.
She
is
often
heard
to
sing
in
the
next
room.
The
boss
made
them
work
for
16
hours
a
day
They
were
made
to
work
for
16
hours
a
days
by
the
boss
(3)
带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to
或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：
He
gave
me
the
pen
last
year.
→I
was
given
the
pen
last
year.
The
pen
was
given
to
me
last
year.
这支笔是去年给我的。
He
bought
me
a
book
=a
book
was
bought
for
me
by
him
直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。如：　　
Mr.
Smith
gave
us
a
lecture.　　
→
We
were
given
a
lecture
by
Mr.
Smith.　　
或
---A
lecture
was
given
by
Mr.
Smith.　　
当句中含有return,
write,
find,
buy等动词时，常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主语，同时要注意介词的搭配。
如：　　
I
returned
him
the
book.
　　
→
The
book
was
returned
to
him.
（注意用to）　　
He
wrote
me
a
short
note.
　　
→
A
short
note
was
written
to
me.(注意用to)　　
He
found
me
an
umbrella.
　　
→
An
umbrella
was
found
for
me.
(注意用for)　　
I
bought
her
some
flowers.
　　
→
Some
flowers
were
bought
for
her.
（注意用for）　　
【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring,
give,
hand,
lend,
offer,
pass,
post,
send,
show,
take,
teach,
tell,
write,
throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book,
buy,
call,
cook,
do,
get,
make,
save等。
(4)
动词believe,
consider,
declare,
expect,
know,
report,
say,
suppose,
think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：
He
was
said
to
get
hurt
in
the
car
accident.
人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
It
was
said
that
he
got
hurt
in
the
car
accident.
人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
(5)
短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略，短语动词应当看作一个整体。如：
She
has
never
been
operated
on
before.
她从未动过手术。
The
baby
was
looked
after
by
her
sister.
这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。
His
plan
was
laughed
at
by
everyone.
他的计划大家都嘲笑。
　　We
can’t
look
down
upon
anybody.
　　
→
Anybody
can’t
be
looked
down
upon.　　
The
doorkeeper
turns
off
the
lights
at
11
pm
every
day.
　　
→
The
lights
are
turned
off
at
11
pm
by
the
doorkeeper
every
day.
The
nurse
is
taking
care
of
the
sick
man.
　　
→
The
sick
man
is
being
taken
care
of
by
the
nurse.　　
（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把to
do
变成to
be
done
（五）不用被动语态的情况
1)
不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear,
die,
disappear,
end
,
fail,
happen,
last,
lie,
remain,
sit,
spread,
stand
,break
out,
come
true,
fall
asleep,
keep
silence,
lose
heart,
take
place.
如，After
the
fire,
very
little
remained
of
my
house.
　比较：
rise,
fall,
happen是不及物动词；raise,
seat是及物动词。
　(错)
The
price
has
been
risen.
　(对)
The
price
has
risen.
　(错)
The
accident
was
happened
last
week.　　　
　(对)
The
accident
happened
last
week.
　(错)
The
price
has
raised.　　　　　　　　　　
　(对)
The
price
has
been
raised.
　(错)
Please
seat.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　(对)
Please
be
seated.
　　要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2）动词形式上是被动的，但实际上是“系动词+表语”结构，一般学习方法是靠平时积累。
如：He
is
seated
at
the
desk.
他坐在桌旁。　　
The
boy
was
lost
in
the
street.
男孩在街上迷路了。　　
The
girl
is
dressed
in
a
red
skirt.
这个女孩穿着红裙子。　　
He
was
drunk
in
the
bar.
他在酒吧喝醉了。　　
My
dream
is
gone
with
the
wind.
　
我的梦随风而去了。　　　
3）当break,
wash,
sell,
burn,
read,
clean,
run,
ride,
wear,
write,
open,
close等动词有状语修饰时，用主动形式表示被动意义。　　
　　Glass
breaks
easily.
玻璃易碎。　　
The
cloth
washes
well.
这种布料很好洗。　　
　　This
new
book
sells
well.
新书很畅销。　　
Dry
wood
burns
easily.
干柴易燃。　　
The
letter
reads
as
follows.
信的内容如下。　　
The
glass
cleans
easily.
这些杯子易洗。　　
The
new
car
runs
well.
这辆新车跑得很正常。　
My
new
bike
rides
well.
我的新自行车很好骑。　
The
shoes
wear
long.
这种鞋子很耐穿。　　
The
pen
writes
smoothly.
这笔写起来很流畅。
The
shop
opens
at
9
am
and
closes
at
9
pm　
4)
不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit,
have,
hold,
marry,
own,
wish,
cost,
notice,
watch
agree
with,
arrive
at
/
in,
shake
hands
with,
succeed
in,
suffer
from,
happen
to,
take
part
in,
walk
into,
belong
to
　如，This
key
just
fits
the
lock.??
　Your
story
agrees
with
what
had
already
been
heard.??
5)
系动词无被动语态：
appear,
be
become,
fall,
feel,
get,
grow,
keep,
look,
remain,
seem,
smell,
sound,
stay,
taste,
turn
　　
It
sounds
good.
The
food
looks
nice
but
tastes
bad
.
Your
pikan
sounds
good.
6)
带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：
die,
death,
dream,
live,
life
　　She
dreamed
a
bad
dream
last
night.
7)
当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
　　
(对)
She
likes
to
swim.
　　
(错)
To
swim
is
liked
by
her.
?二、复习时需要注意的要点
（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：
①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语
②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。
（3）在短语see
sb.
do
sth.
中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see,
hear等，以及使役动词make,
let等。
[小试]
用括号中动词的适当形式填空。　　
1.
The
Mid-Autumn
Festival
_______(celebrate)
in
　　China　　.　　
2.
I
_______
(ask)
by
my
mother
not
to
touch
the
dog
yesterday.　　
3.
Books
of
this
kind
_______
(sell)
very
well.　　
4.
—Have
you
moved
into
the
new
house?　　
—Not
yet,
the
room
_______
(paint).　　
5.
The
boy
_______
(bring
up)
in
the
countryside.　　
6.
A
good
job
_______
me
last
year.
(offer)　　
初中英语被动语态专项练习
(
)
1
The
People's
Republic
of
China
___
on
October
1,
1949.
A.
found
B.
was
founded
C.
is
founded
D.
was
found
(
)
2
English
____
in
Canada.A.
speaks
B.
are
spoken
C.
is
speaking
D.
is
spoken
(
)3
This
English
song___
by
the
girls
after
class.
A.
often
sings
B.
often
sang
C.
is
often
sang
D.
is
often
sung
(
)
4
This
kind
of
car
___
in
Japan.A,
makes
B.
made
C.
is
making
D.
is
made
(
)
5
New
computers
___
all
over
the
world.
A.
is
used
B.
are
using
C.
are
used
D.
have
used
(
)
6
Our
room
must
___
clean.A.
keep
B.
be
kept
C.
to
be
kept
D.
to
keep
(
)
7
-I'd
like
to
buy
that
coat.-I'm
sorry.
___.
A.
it
sold
B.
it's
selling
C.
It's
been
sold
D.
it
had
been
sold
(　
)8A
new
house
___
at
the
corner
of
the
road.
A.
is
building
B.
is
being
built
C.
been
built
D.
be
building
(
)
9
The
key
___
on
the
table
when
I
leave.
A.
was
left
B
ill
be
left
C.
is
left
D.
has
been
left
(
)
10
Doctors
___
in
every
part
of
the
world.
A.
need
B.
are
needing
C.
are
needed
D.
will
need
(
)11
His
new
book___
next
month.
A.
will
be
published　
B.
is
publishing
C.
is
being
published　
D.
has
been
published
(
)
12
Japanese
___
in
every
country.
A.
is
not
spoken
B.
are
spoken
C.
is
speaking
D.
is
not
speaking
(　
)
13
These
papers
___
yet.
A.
have
not
written
B.
have
not
been
written
C.
has
not
written　
D.
has
not
been
written
(
)
14
The
sports
meet
___
be
held
until
next
week.
A.
didn't
B.
won't
C.
isn't
D.
doesn't
(
)
15
-My
shoes
are
worn
out.
A.
Can't
they
be
mended?
B.
Let
me
have
a
look
at
it.
C.
How
much
do
they
cost?
D.
Can't
they
mended?
(　
)
16
___
the
watch
been
repaired
yet?
I
badly
need
it.
A.
Does
B.
Has
C.
Is
D.
Are
(　
)
17___
these
desks
be
needed?
A.
Will
B.
Are
C.
Has
D.
Do
(　
)
18
Why
___
to
talk
about
it
yesterday?
A.
didn't
a
meeting
hold　
B.
wasn't
a
meeting
held
C.
wasn't
held
a
meeting　
D.
a
meeting
wasn't
held
(　
)
19
Who
was
the
book___?
A.
write
B.
wrote
C.
written
D.
written
by
(　
)
20
Where
___
these
boxes
A.
was
B.
were
C.
is
D.
am
(　
)21
The
flowers
___
often.
A.
must
be
water
B.
must
be
watered
C.
must
watered
D.
must
water
(　
)
22
The
books
may___
for
two
weeks.
A.
be
kept
B.
be
borrowed
C.
keep
D.
borrow
(　
)
23
The
broken
bike____
here
by
Mr
Smith.
A.
can
mend
B.
can
mended
C.
can
be
mend
D.
can
be
mended
(　
)
24
The
old
bridge
in
my
hometown___
next
month.
A.is
going
to
be
rebuilt　
B.
will
rebuilt
C.
are
going
to
be
rebuilt　
D.
are
going
to
rebuilt
(
)
25
The
play
___
at
the
theatre
next
Sunday.
A.
is
going
to
be
shown
B.
will
shown
C.
will
show
D.
is
shown
(　
)
26
The
old
stone
bridge
___
next
week.
A.is
going
to
be
rebuilt　　
B.
will
be
rebuild
C.
are
going
to
be
rebuilt　
D.
will
rebuild
(
)27Now
these
magazines___
in
the
library
for
a
long
time.
A.
have
kept
B.
are
keeping
C.
have
been
keeping
D.
have
been
kept
(
)
28The
pot
___
for
___
hot
water.
A.used;
keeping　
B.
was
used;
keeping
C.
is
used;
to
keep　
D.
are
used;
keep
(
)29Tea
___
in
the
south
of
China.
A.
grows
B.
is
grown
C.
were
grown
D.
will
grow
(
)
30
The
bridges___
two
years
ago.A.
is
built
B.
built
C.
were
built
D.
was
built
(
)
31
Wet
clothes
are
often
___
up
near
a
fire
in
rainy
weather.
A.
hang
B.
hanged
C.
hanging
D.
hung
(
)32
The
river
smells
terrible.
People
must
___
dirty
things
into
it.
A.
be
stopped
to
throw　
B.
be
stopped
from
throwing
C.
stop
to
throw　　
D.
stop
from
throwing
(
)
33
The
teapot
___
water.
A.
is
filled
with
B.
filled
of
C.
fulling
of
D.
filled
(
)
34Old
people
must
be
looked
after
well
and
___
politely.
A.
speak
to
B.
spoken
C.
speak
D.
spoken
to
(
)
35
Old
people
must
___.
A.
look
after
well　　
B.
be
looked
well
after
C.
looked
well
after　
D.
be
looked
after
well
(
)
36
Newly-born
babies___in
hospital.
A.
are
taken
good
care　　
B.
are
taken
good
care
of
C.
take
good
care
of　　　
D.
take
good
care
(
)37
They
were___
at
the
sudden
noise.
A.
frightening
B.
frightened
C.
frighten
D.
frightens
(
)
38These
walls___stone.
A.are
made
of　　B.
made
of
C.
are
made
into　D.
made
into
(
)
39
Jane
___
to
sing
us
an
American
song
last
Saturday.
A.
called
B.
was
asked
C.
told
D.
was
said
(
)40
The
papers
___
to
them.
A.
were
shown
B.
show
C.
shown
/
D.
have
shown
(
)
41
The
coat
___her
sister.
A.
made
to
B.
were
made
for
C.
was
made
for
D.
was
made
to
(
)
42
I___
five
minutes
to
decide
whether
I
should
go
or
not.
A.
gave
B.
was
giving
C.
had
given
D.
was
given
(
)
43
Good
care____such
things.
A.　should
take
of　
B.
should
be
taken
C.
should
be
taking　
D.
should
be
taken
of
(
)
44She
will____good
care____.
A.
take;
of
B.
be
taken;
of
C.
take;
for
you
D.
be
taken;
of
you
(
)45The
teacher
made
him___
his
homework.
A.
to
do　
B.
do　
C.
did　
D.
done
(
)
46
The
boy___
streets
without
pay
in
the
old
days.
A.
was
made
to
clean
B.
made
clean
C.
made
to
clean
D.
was
made
clean
(
)
47
These
children____dance.
A.
were
seen
to
B.
were
seen
for
C.
were
seen
D.
saw
to
(
)
48
These
stones
___
well.
A.
are
fitted
B.
fit　C.
fit
D.
is
fitted
(　
)49
The
bike
___
500
yuan.
A.
was
cost　
B.
costed　　
C.
cost　　
D.
is
costed
(
)50
The
important
meeting
___
on
a
cold
morning
last
year.
A.
was
had
B.
was
held
C.
held
D.
had
(
)
51
Great
changes___
in
the
past
ten
years
in
China.
A.
took
place
B.
have
taken
place
C.
were
taking
place
D.
had
taken
place
(
)
52
You
can't
use
the
computer,
it____.
A.
was
broken
down
B.
is
wrong
C.
is
bad
D.
has
broken
down
(
)
53
Great
changes___in
our
country
during
the
past
20
years.
A.have
happened　　
B.
happened
C.
have
been
happened　
D.
were
happened
(
)
55
The
watch
has
often
___
down.
A.
sat　
B.
lain
C.
broken　
D.
fell
(　
)
56
Please
pass
me
another
cup.
This
one___.
A.
is
broken
B.
is
breaking
C.
broke
D.
broken
(
)
57
The
story
books___
by
the
writer
in
the
1960s.
A.
are
written
B.
were
written
C.
are
writing
D.
were
writing
(
)
58
What
time
___
the
door
___
every
day?
A.
does;
closed
B.
does;
close
C.
is;
closed
D.
/;
close
(　
)59
Can
he___himself?
A.
get
dress
B.
get
dressed
C.
gets
dressed
D.
instead
of
(
)60
He
fell
from
his
bike
and
___.A.
is
hurt
B.
gets
hurt
C.
got
hurt
D.
hurt
Key:
　　
1.
is
celebrated
2.
was
asked
3.
sell
　　
4.
is
being
painted
5.
was
brought
up
　　
6.
was
offered
to　
1---5
BDDDC　
6—10
BCBBC　
11---15AABBA　
16--20BABDB　
21---25BADAA
26---30ADBBC
31---35DBADD
36---40BBABA　
41---45CDDBB
46----50AAACB　
51---55DDACA　
56---60BCBCC
?
6