中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Module
9
Friendship
模块小结
要点1
regret
regret动词，意为“懊悔；遗憾”
。
regret
(doing)
sth.“对某事感到后悔（已经做过的）”
regret
to
do
sth.“为要做的事感到抱歉、遗憾（马上要做）。
I
don't
regret
telling
her
what
I
thought.
I
regret
causing
him
so
much
inconvenience.
我因让他如此不方便而感到后悔。
类似的结构有forget
v.忘记
remember记得
forget
to
do
sth.
忘记做某事(事情还没做)
Don't
forget
to
buy
some
fruit.别忘了买一些水果。(水果还没买)
Forget
doing
sth.
忘记做了某事(事情已经做了)
I
forgot
borrowing
some
money
from
you.我忘了从你那儿借了一些钱了。(钱已借过)
【典例分析】
1.李先生后悔给妻子买了这么贵的包。
Mr.
Li
regretted__________
such
an
expensive
bag
for
his
wife.
【点拨】buying
regret
(doing)
sth
后悔做过某事。
2.我遗憾地告诉你，你考试不及格。
I
regret
______________you
failed
in
the
exam.
【点拨】to
tell
regret
to
do
sth
为要做的事感到抱歉、遗憾
3.If
we
don't
have
a
try
now,
we
will
______
it
in
the
future.
A.
Hurry
B.
regret
C.
encourage
D.
refuse
【点拨】B
【解析】考查词义辨析。句意：如果我们不现在尝试一下，将来我们会后悔的。A赶紧，B后悔，
C鼓励，D拒绝。故选B。
4.
I
can’t
stay
here
for
one
more
minute.
I
regret
____
to
the
village
with
you.
A.
come
B.
to
come
C.
coming
D.
came
【点拨】C联系上下文法。根据上句中“I
can‘t
stay
here
…”可知已经来到这里了,
故对已经做过的事情表示后悔要用“regret
doing
sth.
”。故选C。
5.
I
regret
______
that
we
have
no
news
for
you.
A.
to
say
B.
saying
C.
to
have
said
D.
having
said
【点拨】A
regret
to
say
/
tell
/
inform
...
遗憾地说（告诉等）用不定式。
6.Tina
is
busy
____
at
school,
but
she
never
forgets
_____
her
mother
every
day.
A.
work;
to
call
B.
working;
to
call
C.
working;
calling
【点拨】此题用固定搭配法。be
busy
doing
sth.
意为“忙于做某事”，forget
to
do
sth.
意为“忘记去做某事”。
7.I
forgot
_________(borrow)
some
money
from
you
last
week,
I’m
so
sorry.
【点拨】borrowing
forget
doing
sth.忘了做过某事。
8.I
regret
________
her
advice
on
how
to
make
fewer
mistakes.
A.
don't
listen
to
B.
not
listening
to
C.
not
listen
to
D.
not
listening
【点拨】B
句意：我后悔没有听她关于怎样更少犯错的建议。
考查动词辨析。regret
not
to
do后悔没做……（表示还没有做）；regret
not
doing后悔没做……（表示事情已经做了）；根据句意可知我已经没有听她的建议做了这件事，事情已经做了，选择regret
not
doing；听某人listen
to
sb.。故选B。
要点2
lonely
lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。例如：
When
his
wife
died,
he
was
very
lonely.
太太死后他非常孤独。
The
old
man
lived
in
the
lonely
mountain
village.
那个老人住在荒凉的山村。
【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：
lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：
Don’t
leave
me
alone.
I
will
feel
lonely.
别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。
区分
alone
与
lonely
alone
形容词和副词
强调客观上“独自一人”，不带有感彩。作形容词时不可作定语。
lonely
形容词
强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”，可作定语和表语。还可意为“偏僻的”，只作定语。
【典例分析】
1.The
old
man
lives
in
a
____________place
____________.
He
feels
___________
because
he
doesn’t
have
any
sons
or
daughters.（用alone，lonely填空）
【点拨】第一空lonely
“偏僻的”，只作定语。
第二空，alone
强调客观上“独自一人”，第三空，lonely强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”
2.
His
grandparents
live
________
in
a
small
house,
but
they
don't
feel
________.
A.
lonely;
alone
B.
alone;
lonely
C.
lonely;
lonely
D.
alone;
alone
【点拨】B句意：他的祖父母独自住在一个小房子里，但他们并不感到孤独。
考查形容词与副词。alone可以作形容词，也可以作副词，意为“单独，独自”；而lonely只可以作形容词，意为"内心孤独的"。根据句中关键词live可知，要用副词alone来修饰；关键词feel是一个感官系动词，后面应跟形容词lonely。故选B。
3.Nowadays
many
old
people
stay
at
home
________,
so
they
often
feel
________.
A.
lonely,
lonely
B.
lonely,
alone
C.
alone,
lonely
D.
alone,
alone
【点拨】C
句意：现在许多老人独自待在家里，所以他们经常感觉很孤独。
考查形容词和副词用法。lonely孤独的，形容词，带有感彩；alone独自（的），副词和形容词，不带感彩。根据语境可知“老人在家里”讲述的是一个事实，而“他们感觉很孤独”带有强烈的感彩；第一空修饰动词stay用副词alone，第二空系动词feel后跟形容词lonely作表语，故选C。
4.When
you
feel
hopeless
and________，just
remember
you
are
not________
in
the
world.
A．alone；alone
B．lonely；lonely
C．lonely；alone
D．alone；lonely
【点拨】C
lonely意为“孤独的，寂寞的”；alone意为“单独，独自”，强调独自一人。
要点3
treat
treat作动词，意为“治疗；对待；看待”。
treatment是treat的名词形式，意为“对待；待遇；治疗”。
The
dentist?is
treating?my
teeth.
牙医正在治疗我的牙齿。
【典例分析】
翻译
1.Marry
treats
me
as
one
of
the
family.
【点拨】玛丽对待我就像家人一样。
2.
He
treated
me
like
that
when
I
was
in
trouble.
【点拨】
当我遇到麻烦时，他那样对我。
要点4
1）happen是不及物动词，意思是“发生”，和动词短语take
place是同义词。它们共同特点是：都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生；take
place表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如：
What
happened
to
you
on
the
road
yesterday?
昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
China
since
1978.
自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
2）happen构成的动词短语有：happen
to
somebody
意为“(某事)发生在某人的身上”。happen
to
do
something＝do
something
by
accident
意为“偶然做某事”。例如：
An
accident
happened
to
him
after
drinking
too
much.
他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。
I
happened
to
meet
your
mother
yesterday.
昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。
【辨析】take
place与take
one’s
place与take
the
place
of
结构相似，但是意义不同：
take
place“发生”
take
one’s
place“就座，就位”
take
the
place
of“代替，取代”
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
【点拨】A
car
accident
happened
to
him
yesterday.
Sth.
+
happen
to
sb：表示“某人发生了某事”
“偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
【点拨】
Our
hometown
has
taken
place
a
lot
in
the
past
10
years.
take
place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
【点拨】I
happened
to
see
him
in
Wuhan
yesterday.
Sb
+
happen
to
do
sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”
4.
An
earthquake
__________________
when
people
were
sleeping
at
night.
A.
happened
B.
took
place
C.
had
D.
appeared
【点拨】A句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take
place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。
5.
I
happened
_________________
a
little
cat
on
my
way
home
from
school.
A.
saving
B.
to
save
C.
on
saving
D.
saved
【点拨】B句意：在我放学回家的路上，我碰巧救了一只小猫。考查非谓语动词与happen的搭配。根据happen常用搭配为happen
to
do
sth碰巧做了某事。故选B。
6.请就坐。
【点拨】Please
take
your
place,
class.
7.Bob下月将取代经理的位置。
【点拨】
Bob
will
take
the
place
of
the
manager
next
month.
8.
Great
changes
_________________________
in
my
hometown,
I
was
nearly
lost
in
the
street.
A.
happened
B.
appear
C.
took
place
D.
showed
【点拨】C句意：在我的家乡发生了巨大变化，我在大街上几乎差一点都迷路了。考查易混动词辨析。take
place：有计划、有目的发生；happen：偶然、碰巧发生；appear展现，出现；show展示，出示。根据句意。故选C。
要点5
separate
（1）separate作形容词，意为“单独的；分开的”。例如：
We
offer
separate
classes
for
students
to
learn
Chinese
in
different
ways.
我们提供分班授课，让不同的学生以不同的方式学习中文。
（2）separate作动词，意为“分开；隔开”。例如：
Even
numerous
mountains
and
rivers
cannot
separate
our
friendship.
纵然是万水千山也隔不断我们的情谊。
【拓展】
separately作副词，意为“单独地；分别地”。例如：
Please
be
sure
that
you
wrap
each
item
separately.
请确保独立地包装每件物品。
【典例分析】
用separate的适当形式填空并指出他们的词性。
1.He
said
he
would
see
each
of
us
_______________.
2.We’d
better
_____________the
good
ones
from
the
bad
ones.
3.We
don’t
have
a
____________dining
room—the
living
area
is
all
one.
4.We
got
_____________
when
we
were
young.
【点拨】1.separately
副词
2.
separate
动词。分开，分离。
3.
separate
单独的；分开的
形容词。4.
separated
动词。这里实际是过去分词。被动语态。
5.They
got
______
when
they
went
to
different
schools
last
term,
but
they
still
______
in
touch
then.
A.
separated;
stayed
B.
separate;
stayed
C.
separate;
stay
D.
separated;
stay
【点拨】
A考查固定用法。句意：当他们上学期去了不同的学校时就分开了，但是后来还保持着联系。get
separated分开，stay
in
touch保持联系。根据句子时态为一般过去时，故选A。
要点6
whether
whether作连词，意为“是否”。当把一般疑问句的直接引语转化成间接引语时，常用if或whether作引导词。例如：
I
asked
her,
“Do
you
study
English
here?”
我问她：“你在这里学习英语吗？”
→
I
asked
her
if/
whether
she
studied
English
there.
我问她是否在那里学习英语。
【拓展】
if和whether的辨析：
if和whether均可表示“是否”，一般情况下二者可以互换。但在下列条件下，只能用whether而不能用if：
（1）if后不能直接接or
not。
（2）whether可作介词的宾语。
（3）whether后可接不定式。
（4）whether可用于句首。
（5）whether可引导主语从句、表语从句。例如：
Everything
depends
on
whether
we
have
enough
money.
一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。
Whether
it
is
right
or
wrong,
I
don’t
know.
正确与否，我不知道。
It
doesn’t
matter
whether
he
will
come
or
not.
他来不来没关系。
【典例分析】
1.I
don't
know
______
he
will
come
tomorrow.
______
he
comes,
I'll
tell
you.
A.
if;
Whether
B.
whether;
Whether
C.
if;
That
D.
if;
If
【点拨】D考查if和whether的用法。句意：我不知道明天他是否会来。如果他来，我会告诉你的。if是否，引导宾语从句。也可作如果，引导条件状语从句；whether是否，引导宾语从句。第一空为是否，填if/whether；第二空为如果，只能填if。故选D。
2.
Can
you
tell
me
he
will
leave
or
not
this
afternoon?
?
A.
if
B.
whether
C.
where
D.
when
【点拨】B
这里whether引导宾语从句。不用if。因为if后不能直接接or
not。
3.
我不知道他是否能准时到校。（2016年广州中考题）
I
wonder
________
________
________
________
to
school
on
time.
【点拨】whether/if;
he;
can;
get
(宾语从句，陈述语序，主句一般现在时）
4.他正在考虑是否能参加足球俱乐部。（2019年广州中考题）
He
is
thinking
about_________
________
________join
the
football
club.
【点拨】whether
he
can
这里不用if
因为whether可作介词的宾语而if一般不可以。
5.他不能决定是否去，因为天在下大雨。
He
can’t
decide_______
________
_________
because
it
is
raining
hard.
【点拨】whether
to
go
这里只用whether不用if因为whether后可接不定式。
要点7
encourage
encourage
作动词，意为“鼓励”。encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例如：
The
teacher
often
encourages
us
to
study
hard.
老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
encouragement是encourage的名词形式，意为“鼓舞/鼓励”。例如：
The
teacher’s
words
were
a
great
encouragement
to
him.
老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。
encourage
词形变化及短语用法：
encourage
(v.)
鼓励----->常用短语
encourage
sb
to
do
sth鼓励某人去做某事
encourage
sb
in
sth在某事上鼓励某人
courage
(n.)
勇气------>常用短语
have
the
courage
to
do
sth
有勇气去做某事
【典例分析】
1.我们总是被（王老师）鼓励在课上讲英语。
Ms.
Wang
always
_________
__________
________
speak
English
in
class。
【点拨】encourages
us
to
2.
Tom
is
shy,
but
he
spoke
in
front
of
the
class
this
morning.
What
great
_____
he
showed!
A.
will
B.
fun
C.
pride
D.
courage
【点拨】本题考查名词辨析。will意为“意志；决心”，fun意为“娱乐；乐趣”，pride意为“自豪感；骄傲”，courage意为“勇气；胆量”，结合语境可知应选D。
3.His
coach
encouraged
him
________
the
competition.
A.
enter
B.
entered
C.
entering
D.
to
enter
【点拨】本题考查动词的用法。encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故选D。
4.Miss
White
encouraged
Lucy
________.
A.
dance
B.
dancing
C.to
dance
D.
will
dance
【点拨】C
句意：怀特小姐鼓励Lucy去跳舞。
考查动词辨析。encourage鼓励，encourage
sb.
to
do鼓励某人做……，不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
要点8
pass的用法及与past区别
1.pass作动词,意为“及格;通过(考试或检查)”,指在考试或测验中过关。例如:
She
was
glad
to
pass
the
Chinese
exam.通过了语文考试,她很高兴。
2.pass作动词,还可意为“传递;经过”。例如:
Pass
the
book
to
me,
please.请把那本书递给我。
I
pass
the
shop
every
day.我每天都经过那家商店。
3.pass作名词,意为“及格;入场证;通行证”。例如:
Here
is
your
pass,
Mary.玛丽,这是你的入场证。
4.常见pass短语小结:
pass
away消失;去世
pass
by走过;(时间)逝去
pass
on继续下去
pass
sth.to
sb.=pass
sb.
sth.把某物递给某人
past
prep.
用作介词意为“超过;到另一侧;晚于;在……之后”。
adv.
经过
n.
名词“过去
往昔“
adj.
作形容词“过去的，从前的”
词组：in
the
past
另外希望大家能够区分pass和past，前者是动词，而后者则是介词或副词
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘past’的用法
1.I
walk
past
the
farm
every
day
on
my
way
to
work
【点拨】句意：我每天在上班的路上经过农场。past
adv.
经过
2.I
will
never
forget
the
past
days.
【点拨】句意：我永远不会忘记过去的日子。past
adj.
作形容词“过去的，从前的”
3.We
can't
change
the
past.
【点拨】句意：我们不能改变过去。past
n.名词“过去
往昔“
4.It
is
half
past
ten.
【点拨】句意：现在是十点半。past
用作介词意为“超过”
5.She
ran
past
with
a
smile.
【点拨】句意：她微笑着跑了过去。past
adv.
经过
6.In
the
past,
life
was
very
hard.
【点拨】句意：过去，生活很艰难。past
n.
名词“过去
往昔“
二、完成句子
1.他们穿过了森林。
They
_________
__________
the
forest.
【点拨】passed
through.
Pass
通过，常与“by
，through”连用
2.他递给我一支笔。
He
passed
me
a
pen.
=
He
passed_______
_______
________
me.
【点拨】pass
传递。双宾结构。
Pass
sb.
sth
=pass
sth.
to
sb.
3.当他获得这个消息时，他继续传递给别人。
When
he
got
the
message,
he
_________it
_______
________
others.
【点拨】passed
on
to
传递。
三、请用pass和past填空
He
ran
________________
the
building.
He
_____________
him
without
a
word.
【点拨】past
passed
四.
He
________
by
me
but
didn't
notice
me.
A．passes
B．past
C．passed
D．goes
past
【点拨】C此题用分析句子结构法。空格处为谓语，应用动词pass，past
介词，“通过，穿过”。如I
go
past
the
hospital
every
day.再由后半句可知前面的时态应为一般过去时，故选C。
要点9
include
include作动词，意为“包括；包含”。例如：
The
price
for
the
hotel
includes
breakfast.
旅店的费用包括早餐在内。
The
parcel
included
a
dictionary.
那包裹里有一本字典。
【拓展】
including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括……在内”。例如：
There
are
many
different
kinds
of
moon
cakes,
including
fruit,
coffee
and
ham.
有很多种月饼，包括水果的，咖啡的和火腿月饼。
There
are
40
students
in
the
classroom,
including
me.
班里有40名学生，包括我在内。
【典例分析】
1.我有很多工作要做，包括做饭和打扫房间。
I
have
much
work
to
do,__________
____________
meals
and
cleaning
the
house.
【点拨】including
cooking。including是介词引导的介词短语在句中作状语，起补充说明的作用，前面可用逗号隔开。
2.我的工作包括做饭、打扫房间等。
My
work
__________
__________
meals,
cleaning
the
house
and
so
on.
【点拨】includes。include是及物动词，在句中作谓语
3.
I
have
to
make
breakfast
for
five
people，____me.
A.
include
B.
including
C.
included
D.
to
include
【点拨】B
此题用语法判定法。分析句子成分可知，空格前是一个完整的句子，排除A与C两项。including介词，意为“包括”，与后面的代词me构成介词短语。
要点10
day
by
day意为“一天天地”。例如：
Day
by
day
she
learnt
more
about
her
job.
她日益了解自己的工作了。
【拓展】
day
by
day与day
after
day的辨析：
这是形似的与时间有关的固定词组。
（1）day
by
day意为“一天一天地”，“逐日”，表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。例如：
It’s
getting
colder
day
by
day.
天气一天天冷了起来。
The
boy
is
getting
better
day
by
day.
那孩子一天天好了起来。
（2）day
after
day意为“日复一日、一天又一天”，表示一个重复（周而复始或循环重复）的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。例如：
Day
after
day
went
by,
and
still
no
message
arrived.
日子一天天过去，仍然杳无音讯。
I
have
to
do
the
work
day
after
day.
我得天天做这项工作。
【典例分析】
1.
Day________
day,
the
child
is
growing
taller.
A．after
B．by
C．on
D．of
【点拨】B
day
by
day，“一天天地”，为固定搭配。“逐日”，表示事情的逐渐变化过程。
day
after
day“日复一日、一天又一天”，表示一个重复
2.
春天来了，天气一天天地暖和起来。
When
spring
comes，it's
getting
warmer
and
warmer_______
_________
________.
【点拨】day
by
day
要点11
（1）explain v.
解释；说明
She
explained
the
reason
to
me
carefully.
她认真地向我解释了原因。
Can
you
explain
to
us
how
to
use
the
computer?
你能向我们解释一下怎样使用这台电脑吗？
(2)explain＋that/how/why从句，意为“(向某人)解释/说明……”。
(3)explain
(to
sb.)＋疑问词＋动词不定式
【典例分析】
1．(1)根据汉语意思完成句子
①请您把第三段给我们解释一下好吗？
Will
you
please
________
the
third
paragraph________
________？
②请跟我说明从哪里开始以及该如何做。
Please
________
________
________
________
to
start
and
how
to
do
it.
【点拨】①
explain
to
me
②explain
to
me
where
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空
Sally
loves
chocolate.
That
________(explain)
why
it's
hard
for
her
to
lose
weight.
【点拨】explanation
要点12
silence
n.
寂静；无声
in
silence.
安静地
【拓展】silence的形容词形式是silent。keep
silent＝keep
in
silence，意为“保持沉默”。
【典例分析】
1．用silence的适当形式填空
①I
don't
think
you
should
keep
________．
②She
always
sat
in
________
and
didn't
say
a
word.
【点拨】①silent
②silence
2.
None
of
them
talked.
They
finished
their
meal
in
________．
A．silence
B．order
C．place
D．public
【点拨】in
silence
沉默地，无声地。前面说没人说话，故答案选A。
3.—How
strange!
You
sit
in
your
room
________
for
a
long
time,
Li
Ming.
—I
just
want
to
be
quiet
for
a
while.
I'm
sorry,
Dad.
I
failed
the
test
again.
A．in
silence
B．in
person
C．in
public
D．in
fact
【点拨】A考查介词短语辨析。句意：“真奇怪啊！李明，你默默地坐在房间里好长时间了。”“我就想安静一会儿。抱歉，爸爸。我又一次考试失败了！”in
silence意为“沉默地”；in
person意为“亲自”；in
public意为“公开地；当众”；in
fact意为“实际上”。根据“just
want
to
be
quiet
for
a
while”可知，用in
silence。故选A。
要点13
suggestion
advice
n.建议，意见，是不可数名词。
advice
相关短语
a
piece
of
advice
一条建议give
advice
提建议
take/follow
one’s
advice
接受某人的建议
ask
for
one’s
advice
征求某人的建议
advice和suggestion的辨析
advice
不可数名词
This
is
a
piece
of
useful
advice.
这是一条有用的建议。Who
can
give
me
some
advice?谁能给我一些建议？
suggestion
可数名词
Here
are
some
suggestions
for
you.这是给你的一些建议。
advice的动词形式为advise。advise和suggest的辨析
advise
v.建议，常用于advise
sb.
to
do
sth.结构
He
advises
me
to
have
a
good
rest.他建议我好好休息一下。
suggest
v.建议，
suggest
sb.
doing
sth.
I
suggest
having
a
good
rest.我建议好好休息一下。
拓展
(1)
“suggest＋that宾语从句”，此时从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
但suggest作“表明”讲时，不用虚拟语气。
例：The
look
on
her
face
suggested
that
she
failed
the
exam.她脸上的表情表明了她没有通过考试。
(2)suggest
doing
sth.建议做某事
例：He
suggested
going
home
at
once.
他建议立刻回家。
(3建议某人做某事。常用suggest
sb.
doing=advise
sb.
to
do
【典例分析】
1.—Hello,
Lucy,
please
give
me
some
______
on
how
to
improve
my
English!
—You’d
better
keep
_____more
English
books.
A.
advices;
read
B.
advice;
read
C.
advice;
reading
D.
advices;
reading
【点拨】用语法分析法解题。advice
是不可数名词；keep
后接动词的-ing形式。
2.My
teachers
advise
us
________
computer
games.
That
is
bad
for
our
eyes.
A.
to
play
B.
playing
C.
not
to
play
D.
not
play
【点拨】C句意：我的老师建议我们不要玩电脑游戏。那对我们的眼睛有害。advise
sb.
not
to
do
sth.建议某人不要做某事，故答案为C。
3.My
teacher
gave
me
much
________
on
how
to
learn
English
well.
A.
advice
B.
question
C.
suggestion
D.
problem
【点拨】A我的老师给了我很多关于如何学好英语的建议。A.
advice
建议，不可数名词；question
问题，可数名词；C.
suggestion
建议，可数名词；D.
problem问题，可数名词。此处是由形容词much来修饰的，故用不可数名词，give
advice
on在…方面给出建议。故答案A。
4.老师建议我们每天阅读。（完成句子）
The
doctor
____________
____________
_________
___________
every
day.
=The
doctor
____________
____________
_________
every
day.
【点拨】advises
us
to
read
suggests
us
reading.
advise
sb.
to
do
sth.
建议某人做某事。suggest
sb.
doing
sth.
建议某人做某事。
5.We
talked
about
the
problem
and
Tim
________
doing
some
research
first.
A．finished
B．enjoyed
C．suggested
D．practised
【点拨】句意：我们讨论了这个问题，蒂姆建议你先做些调查。Suggest建议。符合题意。
6.
The
article
gives
students
some
________
about
how
to
stay
safe
online.
A．suggestions
B．activities
C．decisions
D．advantages
【点拨】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：这篇文章给学生们提供了如何保证上网安全的建议。suggestion意为“建议”；activity意为“活动”；decision意为“决定”；advantage意为“优点”。根据语境可知，此处表示“给学生提出建议”。故选A。
要点14
be
afraid
…
（1）be
afraid表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be
afraid
之后可接不定式，也可接名词、代词或of
doing
sth.。例如：
She
was
afraid
to
tell
you.
她害怕告诉你。
She
is
afraid
of
going
out
alone
late
at
night.
她很怕深夜独自外出。
（2）要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用
be
afraid
of
doing而不能用
be
afraid
to
do。例如：
I’m
afraid
of
being
late
for
class.
我担心上课迟到。
（3）be
afraid后可接that从句。
He
is
afraid
that
his
father
will
be
unhappy.
他担心他的爸爸会不高兴。
(4)I'm
afraid
so.
恐怕如此。
I'm
afraid
not.
恐怕不行。
1.—I
think
we
have
to
put
off
the
sports
meeting
because
of
the
bad
weather.
我认为因为恶劣的天气我们不得不推迟这次运动会。
—I'm
afraid
so.
恐怕是这样。
2.
—Can
I
go
out
to
play
football
now?
我现在能出去踢足球吗？
—I'm
afraid
not.
恐怕不行。
【典例分析】
1.
I
am
afraid
_______
speak
English
in
class，because
I
am
afraid
_______
being
laughed
at.
A.
to;
of
B.
of;
to
C.
in;
of
D.
of;
in
【点拨】be
afraid
to
do
sth.
害怕做某事，to后加动词原形。be
afraid
of
sth.
害怕某事，of后加名词或者动名词。
2.我害怕夜晚出去
I_________
_________
___________
___________
out
at
night.
=
I
__________
____________
_____________
__________
out
at
night
【点拨】am
afraid
to
go
/
am
afraid
of
going
3.恐怕这次你又不及格。
_________
__________
_________
you
couldn’t
pass
the
exam.
【点拨】I’m
afraid
that.
恐怕。不是“害怕”之意。委婉语气。
4.Let's
keep
quiet.
I'm
________
waking
up
my
father.
A.
afraid
B.
afraid
of
C.
afraid
to
D.
afraid
that
【点拨】B句意：让我们保持安静。我怕吵醒我父亲。
考查形容词短语辨析。afraid担心的/害怕的，单独使用作表语；be
afraid
of是固定短语，后接名词或动名词；be
afraid
to
do，to是不定式符号，后接原形动词；be
afraid
that后接句子。waking
up（睡醒/弄醒）是动名词短语，根据句意结构，故选B。
要点15
take
place的用法
take
place
表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
our
hometown
during
the
past
ten
years.
在过去的十年，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
【拓展】happen和take
place的辨析：
（1）happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。
例如：
What
happened
to
him?
他出了什么事？
（2）take
place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：
The
party
took
place
yesterday
evening.
昨晚举办了晚会。
【注意】happen和take
place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
【点拨】A
car
accident
happened
to
him
yesterday.
Sth.
+
happen
to
sb：表示“某人发生了某事”
“偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
【点拨】
Our
hometown
has
taken
place
a
lot
in
the
past
10
years.
take
place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
【点拨】I
happened
to
see
him
in
Wuhan
yesterday.
Sb
+
happen
to
do
sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”
4.
An
earthquake
__________________
when
people
were
sleeping
at
night.
A.
happened
B.
took
place
C.
had
D.
appeared
【点拨】A句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take
place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。
5.
I
happened
_________________
a
little
cat
on
my
way
home
from
school.
A.
saving
B.
to
save
C.
on
saving
D.
saved
【点拨】B句意：在我放学回家的路上，我碰巧救了一只小猫。考查非谓语动词与happen的搭配。根据happen常用搭配为happen
to
do
sth碰巧做了某事。故选B。
6.请就坐。
【点拨】Please
take
your
place,
class.
7.Bob下月将取代经理的位置。
【点拨】
Bob
will
take
the
place
of
the
manager
next
month.
8.
Great
changes
_________________________
in
my
hometown,
I
was
nearly
lost
in
the
street.
A.
happened
B.
appear
C.
took
place
D.
showed
【点拨】C句意：在我的家乡发生了巨大变化，我在大街上几乎差一点都迷路了。考查易混动词辨析。take
place：有计划、有目的发生；happen：偶然、碰巧发生；appear展现，出现；show展示，出示。根据句意。故选C。
要点16
1．和某人有矛盾
____________
2．分开；分离
____________
3．和……保持联系
____________
4．向某人说起某事
____________
5．拒绝做某事
____________
6．查明；弄清楚
____________
7．感到孤单
____________
8．后悔做某事
____________
9．对……有耐心
____________
10．向某人解释某事
____________
11．和……交朋友
____________
12．把某人介绍给某人
____________
13．鼓励某人做某事
____________
14．参加
____________
15．不敢做某事
____________
16．每次；每当
____________
17．听见某人在做某事
____________
18．担心；担忧
____________
19．安静地；沉默地
____________
20．一天天地；渐渐地
____________
21．朋友圈
____________
22．对自己感到自信?
____________
【点拨】1．have
a
problem
with
sb.
2.get
separated
3．stay
in
touch
with
4.mention
sth.
to
sb.
5．refuse
to
do
sth. 6.find
out 7.feel
lonely
8．regret
doing
sth.
9.be
patient
with
10．explain
sth.
to
sb. 11.make
friends
with
12．introduce
sb.
to
sb.
13．encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.
14．join
in
15．be
afraid
to
do
sth. 16.every
time
17．hear
sb.
doing
sth. 18.worry
about
19．in
silence 20.day
by
day
21．circle
of
friends 22.
feel?sure?of?oneself
whether/if及疑问词引导的宾语从句
1.whether/if引导的宾语从句。
(1)whether/if引导宾语从句时,意为“是否”,表示不确定的概念,常位于ask,
see,
say,
know,
find
out等词或短语后面。一般情况下,两者可互换,在口语中多用if。例如:
He
asked
if/whether
they
needed
some
help.他问他们是否需要帮助。
(2)whether和if的区别。
①在动词不定式之前只能用whether。例如:
I
can’t
decide
whether
to
stay.我不能决定是否留下。
②在固定结构“whether...or
not”中,只能用
whether。例如:
I
want
to
know
whether
it’s
good
news
or
not.我想知道它是否是个好消息。
③在介词后只能用whether。例如:
His
father
is
worried
about
whether
he
may
lose
his
job.他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。
2.疑问词引导的宾语从句。
(1)由特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时,该从句由特殊疑问词引导,此从句要用陈述句的语序。例如:
I
don’t
know
when
the
plane
flies.我不知道飞机什么时候起飞。
(2)当宾语从句由连接副词或代词when,
where,
who,
why,
which,
what,
whose等引导时,有时可以改为由“疑问词+动词不定式”构成的不定式短语,使宾语从句转化为简单句。但前提是主句的主语与从句的主语一致或主句的宾语是从句的主语。例如:
Can
you
tell
me
how
I
can
get
to
the
bus
stop?
→Can
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
bus
stop?你能告诉我怎样去公交车站吗?
【典例分析】
1.用适当的引导词填空
1.—Could
you
tell
me
people
celebrate
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival
in
China??
—Sure.
People
usually
watch
the
dragon
boat
races
and
eat
zongzi.
【点拨】1.根据答语‘sure’说前面是一般问句，宾语从句一般问句用if、whether引导。
2.—I’m
waiting
for
the
mail.
Do
you
know
it
will
arrive??
—Usually
it
comes
by
4:00
pm.
【点拨】根据答语by
4:00
pm.所以选用“when”
3.—Excuse
me.
I
wonder
there
is
a
bus
here
to
go
to
Downing
Street.?
—Yes.
Bus
No.223.
【点拨】根据答语Yes.故选用if或whether。
4.—Could
you
tell
me
he
said
at
the
meeting??
【点拨】根据句意宾语从句里缺少宾语。故用what。
2.将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句,每空一词
1.When
did
the
train
leave?
I
wanted
to
know.
I
wanted
to
know
the
train
.?
【点拨】When
left考查由疑问词引导的宾语从句。后面要用陈述句语序且遵从“主过从过”。
2.Are
there
many
people
at
the
party?
I
didn’t
know.
I
didn’t
know
many
people
at
the
party.?
【点拨】if/whether
there
were
考查由whether或if引导的宾语从句。这种疑问句一般“对一般疑问句”进行转述，后面要用陈述句语序且遵从“主过从过”。
3.Does
it
cost
much
money
to
fly
to
Beijing?
Could
you
tell
me?
Could
you
tell
me
it
much
money
to
fly
to
Beijing??
【点拨】if/whether
costs
考查由whether或if引导的宾语从句。这种疑问句一般“对一般疑问句”进行转述，本句could
是委婉语气。遵从“主现从任”
4.Who
invented
TV
set?
I
don’t
know.
I
don’t
know
TV
set.?
【点拨】who
invented
考查由疑问词引导的宾语从句。后面要用陈述句语序且遵从“主现从任”（主句是现在时态，从句可以用需要的时态）
5.Does
the
girl
need
any
help?
He
asked
me.
He
asked
me
the
girl
some
help.
【点拨】if/whether
needed
考查由whether或if引导的宾语从句。这种疑问句一般“对一般疑问句”进行转述，后面要用陈述句语序且遵从“主过从过”。
三、单项选择
1.—Dear
friends,
do
you
know________?（2020年重庆）
—By
working
together!
A.
when
we
can
make
the
Chinese
Dream
come
true
B.
when
can
we
make
the
Chinese
Dream
come
true
C.
how
we
can
make
the
Chinese
Dream
come
true
D.
how
can
we
make
the
Chinese
Dream
come
true
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——亲爱的朋友们，你们知道我们怎样才能实现中国梦吗？——通过共同合作。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句遵循陈述句语序，故排除B、D，这两个是疑问句语序；根据回答“By
working
together”可知上一句是对方式进行提问，所以用how，故选C。
2.I
have
some
tickets
for
the
football
match.
I
called
my
friends
to
see___________.（2020年江苏连云港）
A.
where
did
they
buy
them
B.
why
they
liked
to
go
there
C.
when
did
we
go
together
D.
whether
they’d
like
to
go
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我有一些足球赛的票，我打电话问我的朋友是否想去。
考查宾语从句。动词see后面是宾语从句，用陈述句的语序（引导词+主语+谓语动词），A和C选项语序错误。根据“I
have
some
tickets
for
the
football
match.
I
called
my
friends
to
see”可知是打电话问是否他们愿意去，表达不确定，宾语从句用whether来引导。故选D。
3.Tom
became
interested
in
books
at
a
very
young
age.
He
read
every
book
he
could
find
and
bought
books
of
all
kinds.
Today
Tom
has
a
big
collection
of
books.
His
favourite
books
are
mystery
novels
and
books
about
detective
stories.
The
story
mainly
tells
us
________.
A.
why
Tom
does
the
reading
B.
how
Tom
learned
to
read
C.
how
much
Tom
likes
to
read
D.
what
Tom’s
favourite
books
are
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这个故事主要告诉我们汤姆是有多么喜欢读书。
本题考查宾语从句及段落大意。why
Tom
does
the
reading
汤姆为什么读书；how
Tom
learned
to
read汤姆如何学会读书；how
much
Tom
likes
to
read汤姆有多么喜欢阅读；what
Tom’s
favourite
books
are汤姆最喜欢的书是什么。根据宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，可排除A；根据“He
read
every
book
he
could
find
and
bought
books
of
all
kinds.
Today
Tom
has
a
big
collection
of
books.”可知，他读了他能找到的每一本书，买了各种各样的书。今天汤姆收集了很多书。因此判断这个故事主要介绍汤姆有多么喜欢读书。故选C。
4.I
wondered
______________.（2020年湖北武汉）
A.
which
way
was
the
wind
blowing
B.
which
one
is
the
most
convenient
C.
which
of
the
houses
did
you
live
in
D.
which
school
it
was
you
went
to
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我想知道你去的是哪个学校。
考查宾语从句。动词wondered后面是宾语从句，用陈述句的语序，即连接词+主语+谓语动词，A和C选项的语序错误，排除A和C。根据wondered可知句子是一般过去时，从句也应该时态一致是一般过去时态，B选项时态不符合。which
school
it
was
you
went
to表示“你去的是哪个学校”，从句的语序和时态都符合。故选D。
5.—What
did
Lily
say
to
you
just
now,
Emma?（2020年湖北黄冈）
—She
wanted
to
know
A.
what
will
I
do
this
Sunday
B.
who
did
I
play
volleyball
with
just
now
C.
why
I
am
late
for
class
this
morning
D.
if
I
could
go
shopping
with
her
tonight
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——莉莉刚才对你说了什么，爱玛？
——她想知道我今晚能不能和她一起去购物。
考查宾语从句。根据英语语法，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故A、B选项可排除。根据答句She
wanted
to
know以及宾语从句“主过从必过”原则，宾语从句应用一般过去时，故选D。
6.—
Lily,
could
you
tell
me
________?（2020年山东青岛）
—About
ten
minutes.
A.
how
far
is
it
from
your
home
to
school
B.
how
far
it
is
from
your
home
to
school
C.
how
long
does
it
take
you
to
walk
to
school
D.
how
long
it
takes
you
to
walk
to
school
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——莉莉，你能告诉我从你家到学校要花多长时间么？——大约十分钟。
考查宾语从句。how
far多远（距离）；how
long多长时间。tell
me后是宾语从句，用陈述句的语序（主语+谓语动词），A和C语序错误。根据“About
ten
minutes”表达一段时间“大约十分钟”，可知宾语从句用how
long。故选D。
本模块的话题是“友谊”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:
1.能写出你朋友的外貌特征及个性特长;
2.能对如何正确交友表达自己的观点;
3.能简述健康友谊的关键因素。
一、单词积累
trust信任
invite邀请
friendship
友谊
valuable
有价值的
encourage
鼓励
patient
有耐心的
lonely
孤独的
talk
with和……交谈
smile
at对……微笑
common
interests共同的兴趣
make
some
friends交一些朋友
make
friends
with
sb.和某人交朋友
such
as
例如
come
true实现
tell
the
truth说实话
stay/keep
in
touch保持联系
get
in
touch
with与……取得联系
show
an
interest
in
对……感兴趣
二、句式积累
1.He
is
friendly
to
everyone
and
always
helps
others.
他对每个人都友好,且总是帮助他人。
2.True
friends
share
not
only
joy,
but
also
sorrow.
真正的朋友不仅分享快乐,也分享悲伤。
3.The
most
important
thing
is
that
a
friend
always
understands
you.
最重要的事情是朋友总是理解你。
4.A
true
friend
is
always
at
your
side
to
cheer
you
up
when
you
are
sad.
一个真正的朋友当你伤心时,他总是在你身边为你打气。
5.If
you
tell
a
friend
your
secrets,
he
or
she
won’t
tell
anyone
else.
如果你告诉朋友你的秘密,他/她不会告诉其他任何人。
6.He
likes
chatting
with
his
friends
on
the
QQ.他喜欢用QQ和他的朋友聊天。
【实战演练】
友情是一种很美妙的东西，可以让你在失落的时候变得高兴起来，可以让你走出苦海，去迎接新的人生。它就像一种你无法说出，又可以感到快乐无比的东西。只有拥有真正朋友的人，才能感受到它真正的美好之处。那么我们如何获得友情，如何交朋友呢？
请以此为“How
to
make
friends”题写一篇作文。
How
to
make
friends
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It's
hard
to
make
friends
if
you
stay
alone
all
the
time.
It's
easier
to
make
friends
when
you
have
similar
interests.
Don't
be
afraid
to
show
people
what
you
are
really
good
at.
Talk
about
the
things
you
like
and
do
best.
Look
at
people
in
the
eyes
when
you
talk
to
them.
Be
a
good
listener.
Let
people
talk
about
themselves
before
talking
about
yourself.
Be
friendly
to
a
lot
of
people.
Try
to
help
your
friends
when
they
are
in
trouble
because
a
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.
That
way
you'll
have
a
bigger
group
to
choose
from
and
have
more
chances
to
make
friends.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Module
9
Friendship
模块小结
要点1
regret
regret动词，意为“懊悔；遗憾”
。
regret
(doing)
sth.“对某事感到后悔（已经做过的）”
regret
to
do
sth.“为要做的事感到抱歉、遗憾（马上要做）。
I
don't
regret
telling
her
what
I
thought.
I
regret
causing
him
so
much
inconvenience.
我因让他如此不方便而感到后悔。
类似的结构有forget
v.忘记
remember记得
forget
to
do
sth.
忘记做某事(事情还没做)
Don't
forget
to
buy
some
fruit.别忘了买一些水果。(水果还没买)
Forget
doing
sth.
忘记做了某事(事情已经做了)
I
forgot
borrowing
some
money
from
you.我忘了从你那儿借了一些钱了。(钱已借过)
【典例分析】
1.李先生后悔给妻子买了这么贵的包。
Mr.
Li
regretted__________
such
an
expensive
bag
for
his
wife.
2.我遗憾地告诉你，你考试不及格。
I
regret
______________you
failed
in
the
exam.
3.If
we
don't
have
a
try
now,
we
will
______
it
in
the
future.
A.
Hurry
B.
regret
C.
encourage
D.
refuse
4.
I
can’t
stay
here
for
one
more
minute.
I
regret
____
to
the
village
with
you.
A.
come
B.
to
come
C.
coming
D.
came
5.
I
regret
______
that
we
have
no
news
for
you.
A.
to
say
B.
saying
C.
to
have
said
D.
having
said
6.Tina
is
busy
____
at
school,
but
she
never
forgets
_____
her
mother
every
day.
A.
work;
to
call
B.
working;
to
call
C.
working;
calling
7.I
forgot
_________(borrow)
some
money
from
you
last
week,
I’m
so
sorry.
8.I
regret
________
her
advice
on
how
to
make
fewer
mistakes.
A.
don't
listen
to
B.
not
listening
to
C.
not
listen
to
D.
not
listening
要点2
lonely
lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。例如：
When
his
wife
died,
he
was
very
lonely.
太太死后他非常孤独。
The
old
man
lived
in
the
lonely
mountain
village.
那个老人住在荒凉的山村。
【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：
lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：
Don’t
leave
me
alone.
I
will
feel
lonely.
别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。
区分
alone
与
lonely
alone
形容词和副词
强调客观上“独自一人”，不带有感彩。作形容词时不可作定语。
lonely
形容词
强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”，可作定语和表语。还可意为“偏僻的”，只作定语。
【典例分析】
1.The
old
man
lives
in
a
____________place
____________.
He
feels
___________
because
he
doesn’t
have
any
sons
or
daughters.（用alone，lonely填空）
2.
His
grandparents
live
________
in
a
small
house,
but
they
don't
feel
________.
A.
lonely;
alone
B.
alone;
lonely
C.
lonely;
lonely
D.
alone;
alone
3.Nowadays
many
old
people
stay
at
home
________,
so
they
often
feel
________.
A.
lonely,
lonely
B.
lonely,
alone
C.
alone,
lonely
D.
alone,
alone
4.When
you
feel
hopeless
and________，just
remember
you
are
not________
in
the
world.
A．alone；alone
B．lonely；lonely
C．lonely；alone
D．alone；lonely
要点3
treat
treat作动词，意为“治疗；对待；看待”。
treatment是treat的名词形式，意为“对待；待遇；治疗”。
The
dentist?is
treating?my
teeth.
牙医正在治疗我的牙齿。
【典例分析】
翻译
1.Marry
treats
me
as
one
of
the
family.
2.
He
treated
me
like
that
when
I
was
in
trouble.
要点4
1）happen是不及物动词，意思是“发生”，和动词短语take
place是同义词。它们共同特点是：都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生；take
place表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如：
What
happened
to
you
on
the
road
yesterday?
昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
China
since
1978.
自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
2）happen构成的动词短语有：happen
to
somebody
意为“(某事)发生在某人的身上”。happen
to
do
something＝do
something
by
accident
意为“偶然做某事”。例如：
An
accident
happened
to
him
after
drinking
too
much.
他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。
I
happened
to
meet
your
mother
yesterday.
昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。
【辨析】take
place与take
one’s
place与take
the
place
of
结构相似，但是意义不同：
take
place“发生”
take
one’s
place“就座，就位”
take
the
place
of“代替，取代”
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
4.
An
earthquake
__________________
when
people
were
sleeping
at
night.
A.
happened
B.
took
place
C.
had
D.
appeared
5.
I
happened
_________________
a
little
cat
on
my
way
home
from
school.
A.
saving
B.
to
save
C.
on
saving
D.
saved
6.请就坐。
7.Bob下月将取代经理的位置。
8.
Great
changes
_________________________
in
my
hometown,
I
was
nearly
lost
in
the
street.
A.
happened
B.
appear
C.
took
place
D.
showed
要点5
separate
（1）separate作形容词，意为“单独的；分开的”。例如：
We
offer
separate
classes
for
students
to
learn
Chinese
in
different
ways.
我们提供分班授课，让不同的学生以不同的方式学习中文。
（2）separate作动词，意为“分开；隔开”。例如：
Even
numerous
mountains
and
rivers
cannot
separate
our
friendship.
纵然是万水千山也隔不断我们的情谊。
【拓展】
separately作副词，意为“单独地；分别地”。例如：
Please
be
sure
that
you
wrap
each
item
separately.
请确保独立地包装每件物品。
【典例分析】
用separate的适当形式填空并指出他们的词性。
1.He
said
he
would
see
each
of
us
_______________.
2.We’d
better
_____________the
good
ones
from
the
bad
ones.
3.We
don’t
have
a
____________dining
room—the
living
area
is
all
one.
4.We
got
_____________
when
we
were
young.
5.They
got
______
when
they
went
to
different
schools
last
term,
but
they
still
______
in
touch
then.
A.
separated;
stayed
B.
separate;
stayed
C.
separate;
stay
D.
separated;
stay
要点6
whether
whether作连词，意为“是否”。当把一般疑问句的直接引语转化成间接引语时，常用if或whether作引导词。例如：
I
asked
her,
“Do
you
study
English
here?”
我问她：“你在这里学习英语吗？”
→
I
asked
her
if/
whether
she
studied
English
there.
我问她是否在那里学习英语。
【拓展】
if和whether的辨析：
if和whether均可表示“是否”，一般情况下二者可以互换。但在下列条件下，只能用whether而不能用if：
（1）if后不能直接接or
not。
（2）whether可作介词的宾语。
（3）whether后可接不定式。
（4）whether可用于句首。
（5）whether可引导主语从句、表语从句。例如：
Everything
depends
on
whether
we
have
enough
money.
一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。
Whether
it
is
right
or
wrong,
I
don’t
know.
正确与否，我不知道。
It
doesn’t
matter
whether
he
will
come
or
not.
他来不来没关系。
【典例分析】
1.I
don't
know
______
he
will
come
tomorrow.
______
he
comes,
I'll
tell
you.
A.
if;
Whether
B.
whether;
Whether
C.
if;
That
D.
if;
If
2.
Can
you
tell
me
he
will
leave
or
not
this
afternoon?
?
A.
if
B.
whether
C.
where
D.
when
3.
我不知道他是否能准时到校。（2016年广州中考题）
I
wonder
________
________
________
________
to
school
on
time.
4.他正在考虑是否能参加足球俱乐部。（2019年广州中考题）
He
is
thinking
about_________
________
________join
the
football
club.
5.他不能决定是否去，因为天在下大雨。
He
can’t
decide_______
________
_________
because
it
is
raining
hard.
要点7
encourage
encourage
作动词，意为“鼓励”。encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例如：
The
teacher
often
encourages
us
to
study
hard.
老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
encouragement是encourage的名词形式，意为“鼓舞/鼓励”。例如：
The
teacher’s
words
were
a
great
encouragement
to
him.
老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。
encourage
词形变化及短语用法：
encourage
(v.)
鼓励----->常用短语
encourage
sb
to
do
sth鼓励某人去做某事
encourage
sb
in
sth在某事上鼓励某人
courage
(n.)
勇气------>常用短语
have
the
courage
to
do
sth
有勇气去做某事
【典例分析】
1.我们总是被（王老师）鼓励在课上讲英语。
Ms.
Wang
always
_________
__________
________
speak
English
in
class。
2.
Tom
is
shy,
but
he
spoke
in
front
of
the
class
this
morning.
What
great
_____
he
showed!
A.
will
B.
fun
C.
pride
D.
courage
3.His
coach
encouraged
him
________
the
competition.
A.
enter
B.
entered
C.
entering
D.
to
enter
4.Miss
White
encouraged
Lucy
________.
A.
dance
B.
dancing
C.to
dance
D.
will
dance
要点8
pass的用法及与past区别
1.pass作动词,意为“及格;通过(考试或检查)”,指在考试或测验中过关。例如:
She
was
glad
to
pass
the
Chinese
exam.通过了语文考试,她很高兴。
2.pass作动词,还可意为“传递;经过”。例如:
Pass
the
book
to
me,
please.请把那本书递给我。
I
pass
the
shop
every
day.我每天都经过那家商店。
3.pass作名词,意为“及格;入场证;通行证”。例如:
Here
is
your
pass,
Mary.玛丽,这是你的入场证。
4.常见pass短语小结:
pass
away消失;去世
pass
by走过;(时间)逝去
pass
on继续下去
pass
sth.to
sb.=pass
sb.
sth.把某物递给某人
past
prep.
用作介词意为“超过;到另一侧;晚于;在……之后”。
adv.
经过
n.
名词“过去
往昔“
adj.
作形容词“过去的，从前的”
词组：in
the
past
另外希望大家能够区分pass和past，前者是动词，而后者则是介词或副词
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘past’的用法
1.I
walk
past
the
farm
every
day
on
my
way
to
work
2.I
will
never
forget
the
past
days.
3.We
can't
change
the
past.
4.It
is
half
past
ten.
5.She
ran
past
with
a
smile.
6.In
the
past,
life
was
very
hard.
二、完成句子
1.他们穿过了森林。
They
_________
__________
the
forest.
2.他递给我一支笔。
He
passed
me
a
pen.
=
He
passed_______
_______
________
me.
3.当他获得这个消息时，他继续传递给别人。
When
he
got
the
message,
he
_________it
_______
________
others.
三、请用pass和past填空
He
ran
________________
the
building.
He
_____________
him
without
a
word.
四.
He
________
by
me
but
didn't
notice
me.
A．passes
B．past
C．passed
D．goes
past
要点9
include
include作动词，意为“包括；包含”。例如：
The
price
for
the
hotel
includes
breakfast.
旅店的费用包括早餐在内。
The
parcel
included
a
dictionary.
那包裹里有一本字典。
【拓展】
including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括……在内”。例如：
There
are
many
different
kinds
of
moon
cakes,
including
fruit,
coffee
and
ham.
有很多种月饼，包括水果的，咖啡的和火腿月饼。
There
are
40
students
in
the
classroom,
including
me.
班里有40名学生，包括我在内。
【典例分析】
1.我有很多工作要做，包括做饭和打扫房间。
I
have
much
work
to
do,__________
____________
meals
and
cleaning
the
house.
2.我的工作包括做饭、打扫房间等。
My
work
__________
__________
meals,
cleaning
the
house
and
so
on.
3.
I
have
to
make
breakfast
for
five
people，____me.
A.
include
B.
including
C.
included
D.
to
include
要点10
day
by
day意为“一天天地”。例如：
Day
by
day
she
learnt
more
about
her
job.
她日益了解自己的工作了。
【拓展】
day
by
day与day
after
day的辨析：
这是形似的与时间有关的固定词组。
（1）day
by
day意为“一天一天地”，“逐日”，表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。例如：
It’s
getting
colder
day
by
day.
天气一天天冷了起来。
The
boy
is
getting
better
day
by
day.
那孩子一天天好了起来。
（2）day
after
day意为“日复一日、一天又一天”，表示一个重复（周而复始或循环重复）的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。例如：
Day
after
day
went
by,
and
still
no
message
arrived.
日子一天天过去，仍然杳无音讯。
I
have
to
do
the
work
day
after
day.
我得天天做这项工作。
【典例分析】
1.
Day________
day,
the
child
is
growing
taller.
A．after
B．by
C．on
D．of
2.
春天来了，天气一天天地暖和起来。
When
spring
comes，it's
getting
warmer
and
warmer_______
_________
________.
要点11
（1）explain v.
解释；说明
She
explained
the
reason
to
me
carefully.
她认真地向我解释了原因。
Can
you
explain
to
us
how
to
use
the
computer?
你能向我们解释一下怎样使用这台电脑吗？
(2)explain＋that/how/why从句，意为“(向某人)解释/说明……”。
(3)explain
(to
sb.)＋疑问词＋动词不定式
【典例分析】
1．(1)根据汉语意思完成句子
①请您把第三段给我们解释一下好吗？
Will
you
please
________
the
third
paragraph________
________？
②请跟我说明从哪里开始以及该如何做。
Please
________
________
________
________
to
start
and
how
to
do
it.
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空
Sally
loves
chocolate.
That
________(explain)
why
it's
hard
for
her
to
lose
weight.
要点12
silence
n.
寂静；无声
in
silence.
安静地
【拓展】silence的形容词形式是silent。keep
silent＝keep
in
silence，意为“保持沉默”。
【典例分析】
1．用silence的适当形式填空
①I
don't
think
you
should
keep
________．
②She
always
sat
in
________
and
didn't
say
a
word.
2.
None
of
them
talked.
They
finished
their
meal
in
________．
A．silence
B．order
C．place
D．public
3.—How
strange!
You
sit
in
your
room
________
for
a
long
time,
Li
Ming.
—I
just
want
to
be
quiet
for
a
while.
I'm
sorry,
Dad.
I
failed
the
test
again.
A．in
silence
B．in
person
C．in
public
D．in
fact
要点13
suggestion
advice
n.建议，意见，是不可数名词。
advice
相关短语
a
piece
of
advice
一条建议give
advice
提建议
take/follow
one’s
advice
接受某人的建议
ask
for
one’s
advice
征求某人的建议
advice和suggestion的辨析
advice
不可数名词
This
is
a
piece
of
useful
advice.
这是一条有用的建议。Who
can
give
me
some
advice?谁能给我一些建议？
suggestion
可数名词
Here
are
some
suggestions
for
you.这是给你的一些建议。
advice的动词形式为advise。advise和suggest的辨析
advise
v.建议，常用于advise
sb.
to
do
sth.结构
He
advises
me
to
have
a
good
rest.他建议我好好休息一下。
suggest
v.建议，
suggest
sb.
doing
sth.
I
suggest
having
a
good
rest.我建议好好休息一下。
拓展
(1)
“suggest＋that宾语从句”，此时从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
但suggest作“表明”讲时，不用虚拟语气。
例：The
look
on
her
face
suggested
that
she
failed
the
exam.她脸上的表情表明了她没有通过考试。
(2)suggest
doing
sth.建议做某事
例：He
suggested
going
home
at
once.
他建议立刻回家。
(3建议某人做某事。常用suggest
sb.
doing=advise
sb.
to
do
【典例分析】
1.—Hello,
Lucy,
please
give
me
some
______
on
how
to
improve
my
English!
—You’d
better
keep
_____more
English
books.
A.
advices;
read
B.
advice;
read
C.
advice;
reading
D.
advices;
reading
2.My
teachers
advise
us
________
computer
games.
That
is
bad
for
our
eyes.
A.
to
play
B.
playing
C.
not
to
play
D.
not
play
3.My
teacher
gave
me
much
________
on
how
to
learn
English
well.
A.
advice
B.
question
C.
suggestion
D.
problem
4.老师建议我们每天阅读。（完成句子）
The
doctor
____________
____________
_________
___________
every
day.
=The
doctor
____________
____________
_________
every
day.
5.We
talked
about
the
problem
and
Tim
________
doing
some
research
first.
A．finished
B．enjoyed
C．suggested
D．practised
6.
The
article
gives
students
some
________
about
how
to
stay
safe
online.
A．suggestions
B．activities
C．decisions
D．advantages
要点14
be
afraid
…
（1）be
afraid表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be
afraid
之后可接不定式，也可接名词、代词或of
doing
sth.。例如：
She
was
afraid
to
tell
you.
她害怕告诉你。
She
is
afraid
of
going
out
alone
late
at
night.
她很怕深夜独自外出。
（2）要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用
be
afraid
of
doing而不能用
be
afraid
to
do。例如：
I’m
afraid
of
being
late
for
class.
我担心上课迟到。
（3）be
afraid后可接that从句。
He
is
afraid
that
his
father
will
be
unhappy.
他担心他的爸爸会不高兴。
(4)I'm
afraid
so.
恐怕如此。
I'm
afraid
not.
恐怕不行。
1.—I
think
we
have
to
put
off
the
sports
meeting
because
of
the
bad
weather.
我认为因为恶劣的天气我们不得不推迟这次运动会。
—I'm
afraid
so.
恐怕是这样。
2.
—Can
I
go
out
to
play
football
now?
我现在能出去踢足球吗？
—I'm
afraid
not.
恐怕不行。
【典例分析】
1.
I
am
afraid
_______
speak
English
in
class，because
I
am
afraid
_______
being
laughed
at.
A.
to;
of
B.
of;
to
C.
in;
of
D.
of;
in
2.我害怕夜晚出去
I_________
_________
___________
___________
out
at
night.
=
I
__________
____________
_____________
__________
out
at
night
3.恐怕这次你又不及格。
_________
__________
_________
you
couldn’t
pass
the
exam.
4.Let's
keep
quiet.
I'm
________
waking
up
my
father.
A.
afraid
B.
afraid
of
C.
afraid
to
D.
afraid
that
要点15
take
place的用法
take
place
表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
our
hometown
during
the
past
ten
years.
在过去的十年，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
【拓展】happen和take
place的辨析：
（1）happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。
例如：
What
happened
to
him?
他出了什么事？
（2）take
place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：
The
party
took
place
yesterday
evening.
昨晚举办了晚会。
【注意】happen和take
place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
4.
An
earthquake
__________________
when
people
were
sleeping
at
night.
A.
happened
B.
took
place
C.
had
D.
appeared
5.
I
happened
_________________
a
little
cat
on
my
way
home
from
school.
A.
saving
B.
to
save
C.
on
saving
D.
saved
6.请就坐。
7.Bob下月将取代经理的位置。
8.
Great
changes
_________________________
in
my
hometown,
I
was
nearly
lost
in
the
street.
A.
happened
B.
appear
C.
took
place
D.
showed
要点16
1．和某人有矛盾
____________
2．分开；分离
____________
3．和……保持联系
____________
4．向某人说起某事
____________
5．拒绝做某事
____________
6．查明；弄清楚
____________
7．感到孤单
____________
8．后悔做某事
____________
9．对……有耐心
____________
10．向某人解释某事
____________
11．和……交朋友
____________
12．把某人介绍给某人
____________
13．鼓励某人做某事
____________
14．参加
____________
15．不敢做某事
____________
16．每次；每当
____________
17．听见某人在做某事
____________
18．担心；担忧
____________
19．安静地；沉默地
____________
20．一天天地；渐渐地
____________
21．朋友圈
____________
22．对自己感到自信?
____________
whether/if及疑问词引导的宾语从句
1.whether/if引导的宾语从句。
(1)whether/if引导宾语从句时,意为“是否”,表示不确定的概念,常位于ask,
see,
say,
know,
find
out等词或短语后面。一般情况下,两者可互换,在口语中多用if。例如:
He
asked
if/whether
they
needed
some
help.他问他们是否需要帮助。
(2)whether和if的区别。
①在动词不定式之前只能用whether。例如:
I
can’t
decide
whether
to
stay.我不能决定是否留下。
②在固定结构“whether...or
not”中,只能用
whether。例如:
I
want
to
know
whether
it’s
good
news
or
not.我想知道它是否是个好消息。
③在介词后只能用whether。例如:
His
father
is
worried
about
whether
he
may
lose
his
job.他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。
2.疑问词引导的宾语从句。
(1)由特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时,该从句由特殊疑问词引导,此从句要用陈述句的语序。例如:
I
don’t
know
when
the
plane
flies.我不知道飞机什么时候起飞。
(2)当宾语从句由连接副词或代词when,
where,
who,
why,
which,
what,
whose等引导时,有时可以改为由“疑问词+动词不定式”构成的不定式短语,使宾语从句转化为简单句。但前提是主句的主语与从句的主语一致或主句的宾语是从句的主语。例如:
Can
you
tell
me
how
I
can
get
to
the
bus
stop?
→Can
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
bus
stop?你能告诉我怎样去公交车站吗?
【典例分析】
1.用适当的引导词填空
1.—Could
you
tell
me
people
celebrate
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival
in
China??
—Sure.
People
usually
watch
the
dragon
boat
races
and
eat
zongzi.
2.—I’m
waiting
for
the
mail.
Do
you
know
it
will
arrive??
—Usually
it
comes
by
4:00
pm.
3.—Excuse
me.
I
wonder
there
is
a
bus
here
to
go
to
Downing
Street.?
—Yes.
Bus
No.223.
4.—Could
you
tell
me
he
said
at
the
meeting??
2.将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句,每空一词
1.When
did
the
train
leave?
I
wanted
to
know.
I
wanted
to
know
the
train
.?
2.Are
there
many
people
at
the
party?
I
didn’t
know.
I
didn’t
know
many
people
at
the
party.?
3.Does
it
cost
much
money
to
fly
to
Beijing?
Could
you
tell
me?
Could
you
tell
me
it
much
money
to
fly
to
Beijing??
4.Who
invented
TV
set?
I
don’t
know.
I
don’t
know
TV
set.?
5.Does
the
girl
need
any
help?
He
asked
me.
He
asked
me
the
girl
some
help.
三、单项选择
1.—Dear
friends,
do
you
know________?（2020年重庆）
—By
working
together!
A.
when
we
can
make
the
Chinese
Dream
come
true
B.
when
can
we
make
the
Chinese
Dream
come
true
C.
how
we
can
make
the
Chinese
Dream
come
true
D.
how
can
we
make
the
Chinese
Dream
come
true
2.I
have
some
tickets
for
the
football
match.
I
called
my
friends
to
see___________.（2020年江苏连云港）
A.
where
did
they
buy
them
B.
why
they
liked
to
go
there
C.
when
did
we
go
together
D.
whether
they’d
like
to
go
3.Tom
became
interested
in
books
at
a
very
young
age.
He
read
every
book
he
could
find
and
bought
books
of
all
kinds.
Today
Tom
has
a
big
collection
of
books.
His
favourite
books
are
mystery
novels
and
books
about
detective
stories.
The
story
mainly
tells
us
________.
A.
why
Tom
does
the
reading
B.
how
Tom
learned
to
read
C.
how
much
Tom
likes
to
read
D.
what
Tom’s
favourite
books
are
4.I
wondered
______________.（2020年湖北武汉）
A.
which
way
was
the
wind
blowing
B.
which
one
is
the
most
convenient
C.
which
of
the
houses
did
you
live
in
D.
which
school
it
was
you
went
to
5.—What
did
Lily
say
to
you
just
now,
Emma?（2020年湖北黄冈）
—She
wanted
to
know
A.
what
will
I
do
this
Sunday
B.
who
did
I
play
volleyball
with
just
now
C.
why
I
am
late
for
class
this
morning
D.
if
I
could
go
shopping
with
her
tonight
6.—
Lily,
could
you
tell
me
________?（2020年山东青岛）
—About
ten
minutes.
A.
how
far
is
it
from
your
home
to
school
B.
how
far
it
is
from
your
home
to
school
C.
how
long
does
it
take
you
to
walk
to
school
D.
how
long
it
takes
you
to
walk
to
school
本模块的话题是“友谊”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:
1.能写出你朋友的外貌特征及个性特长;
2.能对如何正确交友表达自己的观点;
3.能简述健康友谊的关键因素。
一、单词积累
trust信任
invite邀请
friendship
友谊
valuable
有价值的
encourage
鼓励
patient
有耐心的
lonely
孤独的
talk
with和……交谈
smile
at对……微笑
common
interests共同的兴趣
make
some
friends交一些朋友
make
friends
with
sb.和某人交朋友
such
as
例如
come
true实现
tell
the
truth说实话
stay/keep
in
touch保持联系
get
in
touch
with与……取得联系
show
an
interest
in
对……感兴趣
二、句式积累
1.He
is
friendly
to
everyone
and
always
helps
others.
他对每个人都友好,且总是帮助他人。
2.True
friends
share
not
only
joy,
but
also
sorrow.
真正的朋友不仅分享快乐,也分享悲伤。
3.The
most
important
thing
is
that
a
friend
always
understands
you.
最重要的事情是朋友总是理解你。
4.A
true
friend
is
always
at
your
side
to
cheer
you
up
when
you
are
sad.
一个真正的朋友当你伤心时,他总是在你身边为你打气。
5.If
you
tell
a
friend
your
secrets,
he
or
she
won’t
tell
anyone
else.
如果你告诉朋友你的秘密,他/她不会告诉其他任何人。
6.He
likes
chatting
with
his
friends
on
the
QQ.他喜欢用QQ和他的朋友聊天。
【实战演练】
友情是一种很美妙的东西，可以让你在失落的时候变得高兴起来，可以让你走出苦海，去迎接新的人生。它就像一种你无法说出，又可以感到快乐无比的东西。只有拥有真正朋友的人，才能感受到它真正的美好之处。那么我们如何获得友情，如何交朋友呢？
请以此为“How
to
make
friends”题写一篇作文。
How
to
make
friends
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
