Module 9 Friendship 模块小结课件（62张PPT）

(共62张PPT)
英语（外研版）
八年级 下册
Module 9
Friendship
English
模块小结
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。
要点1 regret
regret动词，意为“懊悔；遗憾” 。
regret (doing) sth.“对某事感到后悔（已经做过的）”
regret to do sth.“为要做的事感到抱歉、遗憾（马上要做）。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.　
I regret causing him so much inconvenience.
我因让他如此不方便而感到后悔。
类似的结构有forget v.忘记 remember记得
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 (事情还没做) Don't forget to buy some fruit.别忘了买一些水果。(水果还没买)
Forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事 (事情已经做了) I forgot borrowing some money from you.
我忘了从你那儿借了一些钱了。(钱已借过)
【典例分析】
1.李先生后悔给妻子买了这么贵的包。
Mr. Li regretted__________ such an expensive bag for his wife.
【点拨】buying regret (doing) sth 后悔做过某事。
2.我遗憾地告诉你，你考试不及格。
I regret ______________you failed in the exam.
【点拨】to tell regret to do sth 为要做的事感到抱歉、遗憾
3.If we don't have a try now, we will ______ it in the future.
A. Hurry B. regret C. encourage D. refuse
【点拨】B考查词义辨析。句意：如果我们不现在尝试一下，将来我们会后悔的。A赶紧，B后悔，
C鼓励，D拒绝。故选B。
4. I can’t stay here for one more minute. I regret ____ to the village with you.
A. come B. to come C. coming D. came
【点拨】C联系上下文法。根据上句中“I can‘t stay here …”可知已经来到这里了, 故对已经做过的事情表示后悔要用“regret doing sth. ”。故选C。
5. I regret ______ that we have no news for you.
A. to say B. saying C. to have said D. having said
【点拨】A regret to say / tell / inform ... 遗憾地说（告诉等）用不定式。
6.Tina is busy ____ at school, but she never forgets _____ her mother every day.
A. work; to call B. working; to call C. working; calling
【点拨】此题用固定搭配法。be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”，forget to do sth. 意为“忘记去做某事”。
7.I forgot _________(borrow) some money from you last week, I’m so sorry.
【点拨】borrowing forget doing sth.忘了做过某事。
8.I regret ________ her advice on how to make fewer mistakes.
A. don't listen to B. not listening to C. not listen to D. not listening
【点拨】B 句意：我后悔没有听她关于怎样更少犯错的建议。
考查动词辨析。regret not to do后悔没做……（表示还没有做）；regret not doing后悔没做……（表示事情已经做了）；根据句意可知我已经没有听她的建议做了这件事，事情已经做了，选择regret not doing；听某人listen to sb.。故选B。

要点2 lonely
lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。例如：
When his wife died, he was very lonely.
太太死后他非常孤独。
The old man lived in the lonely mountain village.
那个老人住在荒凉的山村。
【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：
lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：
Don’t leave me alone. I will feel lonely.
别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。
区分 alone 与 lonely
alone 形容词和副词 强调客观上“独自一人”，不带有感彩。作形容词时不可作定语。
lonely 形容词 强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”，可作定语和表语。
还可意为“偏僻的”，只作定语。
1.The old man lives in a ____________place ____________. He feels ___________ because he doesn’t have any sons or daughters.（用alone，lonely填空）
【点拨】第一空lonely “偏僻的”，只作定语。 第二空，alone 强调客观上“独自一人”，第三空，lonely强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”
2. His grandparents live ________ in a small house, but they don't feel ________.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone
【点拨】B句意：他的祖父母独自住在一个小房子里，但他们并不感到孤独。
考查形容词与副词。alone可以作形容词，也可以作副词，意为“单独，独自”；而lonely只可以作形容词，意为"内心孤独的"。根据句中关键词live可知，要用副词alone来修饰；关键词feel是一个感官系动词，后面应跟形容词lonely。故选B。
3.Nowadays many old people stay at home ________, so they often feel ________.
A. lonely, lonely B. lonely, alone C. alone, lonely D. alone, alone
【点拨】C 句意：现在许多老人独自待在家里，所以他们经常感觉很孤独。
考查形容词和副词用法。lonely孤独的，形容词，带有感彩；alone独自（的），副词和形容词，不带感彩。根据语境可知“老人在家里”讲述的是一个事实，而“他们感觉很孤独”带有强烈的感彩；第一空修饰动词stay用副词alone，第二空系动词feel后跟形容词lonely作表语，故选C。
4.When you feel hopeless and________，just remember you are not________ in the world.
A．alone；alone B．lonely；lonely
C．lonely；alone D．alone；lonely
【点拨】C lonely意为“孤独的，寂寞的”；alone意为“单独，独自”，强调独自一人。
要点3 treat
treat作动词，意为“治疗；对待；看待”。
treatment是treat的名词形式，意为“对待；待遇；治疗”。
The dentist is treating my teeth. 牙医正在治疗我的牙齿。
【典例分析】
翻译
1.Marry treats me as one of the family.
【点拨】玛丽对待我就像家人一样。
2. He treated me like that when I was in trouble.
【点拨】 当我遇到麻烦时，他那样对我。

要点4
1）happen是不及物动词，意思是“发生”，和动词短语take place是同义词。它们共同特点是：都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生；take place表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如：
What happened to you on the road yesterday
昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
2）happen构成的动词短语有：happen to somebody 意为“(某事)发生在某人的身上”。happen to do something＝do something by accident 意为“偶然做某事”。例如：
An accident happened to him after drinking too much.
他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。
I happened to meet your mother yesterday.
昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。
【辨析】take place与take one’s place与take the place of 结构相似，但是意义不同：
take place“发生”
take one’s place“就座，就位”
take the place of“代替，取代”
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
【点拨】A car accident happened to him yesterday. Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” “偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
【点拨】 Our hometown has taken place a lot in the past 10 years. take place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
【点拨】I happened to see him in Wuhan yesterday. Sb + happen to do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
【点拨】A句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。
5. I happened _________________ a little cat on my way home from school.
A. saving B. to save C. on saving D. saved
【点拨】B句意：在我放学回家的路上，我碰巧救了一只小猫。考查非谓语动词与happen的搭配。根据happen常用搭配为happen to do sth碰巧做了某事。故选B。
6.请就坐。
【点拨】Please take your place, class.
7.Bob下月将取代经理的位置。
【点拨】 Bob will take the place of the manager next month.
8. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
【点拨】C句意：在我的家乡发生了巨大变化，我在大街上几乎差一点都迷路了。考查易混动词辨析。take place：有计划、有目的发生；happen：偶然、碰巧发生；appear展现，出现；show展示，出示。根据句意。故选C。
要点5 separate
（1）separate作形容词，意为“单独的；分开的”。例如：
We offer separate classes for students to learn Chinese in different ways.
我们提供分班授课，让不同的学生以不同的方式学习中文。
（2）separate作动词，意为“分开；隔开”。例如：
Even numerous mountains and rivers cannot separate our friendship.
纵然是万水千山也隔不断我们的情谊。
【拓展】
separately作副词，意为“单独地；分别地”。例如：
Please be sure that you wrap each item separately.
请确保独立地包装每件物品。
【典例分析】
用separate的适当形式填空并指出他们的词性。
1.He said he would see each of us _______________.
2.We’d better _____________the good ones from the bad ones.
3.We don’t have a ____________dining room—the living area is all one.
4.We got _____________ when we were young.
【点拨】1.separately 副词 2. separate 动词。分开，分离。 3. separate 单独的；分开的 形容词。4.
separated 动词。这里实际是过去分词。被动语态。
5.They got ______ when they went to different schools last term, but they still ______ in touch then.
A. separated; stayed B. separate; stayed C. separate; stay D. separated; stay
【点拨】 A考查固定用法。句意：当他们上学期去了不同的学校时就分开了，但是后来还保持着联系。get separated分开，stay in touch保持联系。根据句子时态为一般过去时，故选A。

要点6 whether
whether作连词，意为“是否”。当把一般疑问句的直接引语转化成间接引语时，常用if或whether作引导词。例如：
I asked her, “Do you study English here ” 我问她：“你在这里学习英语吗？” →
I asked her if/ whether she studied English there. 我问她是否在那里学习英语。
【拓展】
if和whether的辨析：
if和whether均可表示“是否”，一般情况下二者可以互换。但在下列条件下，只能用whether而不能用if：
（1）if后不能直接接or not。
（2）whether可作介词的宾语。
（3）whether后可接不定式。
（4）whether可用于句首。
（5）whether可引导主语从句、表语从句。例如：
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。
Whether it is right or wrong, I don’t know.
正确与否，我不知道。
It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.
他来不来没关系。
【典例分析】
1.I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow. ______ he comes, I'll tell you.
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
【点拨】D考查if和whether的用法。句意：我不知道明天他是否会来。如果他来，我会告诉你的。if是否，引导宾语从句。也可作如果，引导条件状语从句；whether是否，引导宾语从句。第一空为是否，填if/whether；第二空为如果，只能填if。故选D。
2. Can you tell me he will leave or not this afternoon
A. if B. whether C. where D. when
【点拨】B 这里whether引导宾语从句。不用if。因为if后不能直接接or not。
3. 我不知道他是否能准时到校。（2016年广州中考题）
I wonder ________ ________ ________ ________ to school on time.
【点拨】whether/if; he; can; get (宾语从句，陈述语序，主句一般现在时）
4.他正在考虑是否能参加足球俱乐部。（2019年广州中考题）
He is thinking about_________ ________ ________join the football club.
【点拨】whether he can 这里不用if 因为whether可作介词的宾语而if一般不可以。
5.他不能决定是否去，因为天在下大雨。
He can’t decide_______ ________ _________ because it is raining hard.
【点拨】whether to go 这里只用whether不用if因为whether后可接不定式。
要点7 encourage
encourage 作动词，意为“鼓励”。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例如：
The teacher often encourages us to study hard.
老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
encouragement是encourage的名词形式，意为“鼓舞/鼓励”。例如：
The teacher’s words were a great encouragement to him.
老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。
encourage 词形变化及短语用法：
encourage (v.) 鼓励----->常用短语 encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人去做某事
encourage sb in sth在某事上鼓励某人
courage (n.) 勇气------>常用短语 have the courage to do sth 有勇气去做某事
【典例分析】
1.我们总是被（王老师）鼓励在课上讲英语。
Ms. Wang always _________ __________ ________ speak English in class。
【点拨】encourages us to
2. Tom is shy, but he spoke in front of the class this morning. What great _____ he showed!
A. will B. fun C. pride D. courage
【点拨】本题考查名词辨析。will意为“意志；决心”，fun意为“娱乐；乐趣”，pride意为“自豪感；骄傲”，courage意为“勇气；胆量”，结合语境可知应选D。
3.His coach encouraged him ________ the competition.
A. enter B. entered C. entering D. to enter
【点拨】本题考查动词的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故选D。
4.Miss White encouraged Lucy ________.
A. dance B. dancing C.to dance D. will dance
【点拨】C 句意：怀特小姐鼓励Lucy去跳舞。
考查动词辨析。encourage鼓励，encourage sb. to do鼓励某人做……，不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
要点8
pass的用法及与past区别
1.pass作动词,意为“及格;通过(考试或检查)”,指在考试或测验中过关。例如:
She was glad to pass the Chinese exam.通过了语文考试,她很高兴。
2.pass作动词,还可意为“传递;经过”。例如:
Pass the book to me, please.请把那本书递给我。
I pass the shop every day.我每天都经过那家商店。
3.pass作名词,意为“及格;入场证;通行证”。例如:
Here is your pass, Mary.玛丽,这是你的入场证。
4.常见pass短语小结:
pass away消失;去世
pass by走过;(时间)逝去
pass on继续下去
pass sth.to sb.=pass sb. sth.把某物递给某人
past
prep. 用作介词意为“超过;到另一侧;晚于;在……之后”。
adv. 经过
n. 名词“过去 往昔“
adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”
词组：in the past
另外希望大家能够区分pass和past，前者是动词，而后者则是介词或副词
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘past’的用法
1.I walk past the farm every day on my way to work
【点拨】句意：我每天在上班的路上经过农场。past adv. 经过
2.I will never forget the past days.
【点拨】句意：我永远不会忘记过去的日子。past adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”
3.We can't change the past.
【点拨】句意：我们不能改变过去。past n.名词“过去 往昔“
4.It is half past ten.
【点拨】句意：现在是十点半。past 用作介词意为“超过”
5.She ran past with a smile.
【点拨】句意：她微笑着跑了过去。past adv. 经过
6.In the past, life was very hard.
【点拨】句意：过去，生活很艰难。past n. 名词“过去 往昔“
二、完成句子
1.他们穿过了森林。
They _________ __________ the forest.
【点拨】passed through. Pass 通过，常与“by ，through”连用
2.他递给我一支笔。
He passed me a pen. = He passed_______ _______ ________ me.
【点拨】pass 传递。双宾结构。 Pass sb. sth =pass sth. to sb.
3.当他获得这个消息时，他继续传递给别人。
When he got the message, he _________it _______ ________ others.
【点拨】passed on to 传递。
三、请用pass和past填空
He ran ________________ the building.
He _____________ him without a word.
【点拨】past passed
四. He ________ by me but didn't notice me.
A．passes B．past C．passed D．goes past
【点拨】C此题用分析句子结构法。空格处为谓语，应用动词pass，past 介词，“通过，穿过”。如I go past the hospital every day.再由后半句可知前面的时态应为一般过去时，故选C。
要点9 include
include作动词，意为“包括；包含”。例如：
The price for the hotel includes breakfast. 旅店的费用包括早餐在内。
The parcel included a dictionary. 那包裹里有一本字典。
【拓展】
including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括……在内”。例如：
There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and ham.
有很多种月饼，包括水果的，咖啡的和火腿月饼。
There are 40 students in the classroom, including me.
班里有40名学生，包括我在内。
【典例分析】
1.我有很多工作要做，包括做饭和打扫房间。
I have much work to do,__________ ____________ meals and cleaning the house.
【点拨】including cooking。including是介词引导的介词短语在句中作状语，起补充说明的作用，前面可用逗号隔开。
2.我的工作包括做饭、打扫房间等。
My work __________ __________ meals, cleaning the house and so on.
【点拨】includes。include是及物动词，在句中作谓语
3. I have to make breakfast for five people，____me.
A. include B. including C. included D. to include
【点拨】B 此题用语法判定法。分析句子成分可知，空格前是一个完整的句子，排除A与C两项。including介词，意为“包括”，与后面的代词me构成介词短语。

要点10
day by day意为“一天天地”。例如：
Day by day she learnt more about her job.
她日益了解自己的工作了。
【拓展】
day by day与day after day的辨析：
这是形似的与时间有关的固定词组。
（1）day by day意为“一天一天地”，“逐日”，表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。例如：
It’s getting colder day by day.
天气一天天冷了起来。
The boy is getting better day by day.
那孩子一天天好了起来。
（2）day after day意为“日复一日、一天又一天”，表示一个重复（周而复始或循环重复）的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。例如：
Day after day went by, and still no message arrived.
日子一天天过去，仍然杳无音讯。
I have to do the work day after day.
我得天天做这项工作。
【典例分析】
1. Day________ day, the child is growing taller.
A．after B．by C．on D．of
【点拨】B day by day，“一天天地”，为固定搭配。“逐日”，表示事情的逐渐变化过程。 day after day“日复一日、一天又一天”，表示一个重复
2. 春天来了，天气一天天地暖和起来。
When spring comes，it's getting warmer and warmer_______ _________ ________.
【点拨】day by day
要点11
（1）explain　v. 解释；说明
She explained the reason to me carefully.
她认真地向我解释了原因。
Can you explain to us how to use the computer
你能向我们解释一下怎样使用这台电脑吗？
(2)explain＋that/how/why从句，意为“(向某人)解释/说明……”。
(3)explain (to sb.)＋疑问词＋动词不定式
【典例分析】
1．(1)根据汉语意思完成句子
①请您把第三段给我们解释一下好吗？
Will you please ________ the third paragraph________ ________？
②请跟我说明从哪里开始以及该如何做。
Please ________ ________ ________ ________ to start and how to do it.
【点拨】① explain to me ②explain to me where
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空
Sally loves chocolate. That ________(explain) why it's hard for her to lose weight.
【点拨】explanation
要点12
silence 　n. 寂静；无声
in silence. 安静地
【拓展】silence的形容词形式是silent。keep silent＝keep in silence，意为“保持沉默”。
【典例分析】
1．用silence的适当形式填空
①I don't think you should keep ________．
②She always sat in ________ and didn't say a word.
【点拨】①silent ②silence
2. None of them talked. They finished their meal in ________．
A．silence　 　B．order C．place D．public
【点拨】in silence 沉默地，无声地。前面说没人说话，故答案选A。
3.—How strange! You sit in your room ________ for a long time, Li Ming.
—I just want to be quiet for a while. I'm sorry, Dad. I failed the test again.
A．in silence B．in person C．in public D．in fact
【点拨】A考查介词短语辨析。句意：“真奇怪啊！李明，你默默地坐在房间里好长时间了。”“我就想安静一会儿。抱歉，爸爸。我又一次考试失败了！”in silence意为“沉默地”；in person意为“亲自”；in public意为“公开地；当众”；in fact意为“实际上”。根据“just want to be quiet for a while”可知，用in silence。故选A。
要点13 suggestion
advice n.建议，意见，是不可数名词。
advice 相关短语 a piece of advice 一条建议give advice 提建议
take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议
ask for one’s advice 征求某人的建议
advice和suggestion的辨析
advice 不可数名词 This is a piece of useful advice.
这是一条有用的建议。
Who can give me some advice
谁能给我一些建议？
suggestion 可数名词 Here are some suggestions for you.这是给你的一些建议。
advice的动词形式为advise。advise和suggest的辨析
advise v.建议，常用于advise sb. to do sth.结构 He advises me to have a good rest.
他建议我好好休息一下。
suggest v.建议， suggest sb. doing sth. I suggest having a good rest.
我建议好好休息一下。
拓展
“suggest＋that宾语从句”，此时从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
但suggest作“表明”讲时，不用虚拟语气。
例：The look on her face suggested that she failed the exam.她脸上的表情表明了她没有通过考试。
(2)suggest doing sth.建议做某事
例：He suggested going home at once. 他建议立刻回家。
(3建议某人做某事。常用suggest sb. doing=advise sb. to do
【典例分析】
1.—Hello, Lucy, please give me some ______ on how to improve my English!
—You’d better keep _____more English books.
A. advices; read B. advice; read C. advice; reading D. advices; reading
【点拨】用语法分析法解题。advice 是不可数名词；keep 后接动词的-ing形式。
2.My teachers advise us ________ computer games. That is bad for our eyes.
A. to play B. playing C. not to play D. not play
【点拨】C句意：我的老师建议我们不要玩电脑游戏。那对我们的眼睛有害。advise sb. not to do sth.建议某人不要做某事，故答案为C。
3.My teacher gave me much ________ on how to learn English well.
A. advice B. question C. suggestion D. problem
【点拨】A我的老师给了我很多关于如何学好英语的建议。A. advice 建议，不可数名词；question 问题，可数名词；C. suggestion 建议，可数名词；D. problem问题，可数名词。此处是由形容词much来修饰的，故用不可数名词，give advice on在…方面给出建议。故答案A。
4.老师建议我们每天阅读。（完成句子）
The doctor ____________ ____________ _________ ___________ every day.
=The doctor ____________ ____________ _________ every day.
【点拨】advises us to read suggests us reading. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。suggest sb. doing sth.建议某人做某事。
5.We talked about the problem and Tim ________ doing some research first.　
A．finished B．enjoyed C．suggested D．practised
【点拨】句意：我们讨论了这个问题，蒂姆建议你先做些调查。Suggest建议。符合题意。
6. The article gives students some ________ about how to stay safe online.
A．suggestions B．activities C．decisions D．advantages
【点拨】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：这篇文章给学生们提供了如何保证上网安全的建议。suggestion意为“建议”；activity意为“活动”；decision意为“决定”；advantage意为“优点”。根据语境可知，此处表示“给学生提出建议”。故选A。
要点14
　　be afraid …
（1）be afraid表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid 之后可接不定式，也可接名词、代词或of doing sth.例如：
She was afraid to tell you. 她害怕告诉你。
She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。
（2）要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。例如：
I’m afraid of being late for class. 我担心上课迟到。
（3）be afraid后可接that从句。
He is afraid that his father will be unhappy.
他担心他的爸爸会不高兴。
(4)I'm afraid so. 恐怕如此。
I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行。
1.—I think we have to put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.
我认为因为恶劣的天气我们不得不推迟这次运动会。
—I'm afraid so. 恐怕是这样。
2. —Can I go out to play football now
我现在能出去踢足球吗？
—I'm afraid not.
恐怕不行。
【典例分析】
1. I am afraid _______ speak English in class，because I am afraid _______ being laughed at.
A. to; of B. of; to C. in; of D. of; in
【点拨】be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事，to后加动词原形。be afraid of sth. 害怕某事，of后加名词或者动名词。
2.我害怕夜晚出去
I_________ _________ ___________ ___________ out at night.
= I __________ ____________ _____________ __________ out at night
【点拨】am afraid to go / am afraid of going
3.恐怕这次你又不及格。
_________ __________ _________ you couldn’t pass the exam.
【点拨】I’m afraid that. 恐怕。不是“害怕”之意。委婉语气。
4.Let's keep quiet. I'm ________ waking up my father.
A. afraid B. afraid of C. afraid to D. afraid that
【点拨】B句意：让我们保持安静。我怕吵醒我父亲。
考查形容词短语辨析。afraid担心的/害怕的，单独使用作表语；be afraid of是固定短语，后接名词或动名词；be afraid to do，to是不定式符号，后接原形动词；be afraid that后接句子。waking up（睡醒/弄醒）是动名词短语，根据句意结构，故选B。
要点15
take place的用法
take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
在过去的十年，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
【拓展】happen和take place的辨析：
（1）happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。
例如：What happened to him 他出了什么事？
（2）take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
【注意】happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。

【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
【点拨】A car accident happened to him yesterday. Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” “偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
【点拨】 Our hometown has taken place a lot in the past 10 years. take place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
【点拨】I happened to see him in Wuhan yesterday. Sb + happen to do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
【点拨】A句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。
5. I happened _________________ a little cat on my way home from school.
A. saving B. to save C. on saving D. saved
【点拨】B句意：在我放学回家的路上，我碰巧救了一只小猫。考查非谓语动词与happen的搭配。根据happen常用搭配为happen to do sth碰巧做了某事。故选B。
6.请就坐。
【点拨】Please take your place, class.
7.Bob下月将取代经理的位置。
【点拨】 Bob will take the place of the manager next month.
8. Great changes ___________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
【点拨】C句意：在我的家乡发生了巨大变化，我在大街上几乎差一点都迷路了。考查易混动词辨析。take place：有计划、有目的发生；happen：偶然、碰巧发生；appear展现，出现；show展示，出示。根据句意。故选C。

要点16 1．和某人有矛盾 ____________ 2．分开；分离 ____________
3．和……保持联系 ____________ 4．向某人说起某事 ____________
5．拒绝做某事 ____________ 6．查明；弄清楚 ____________
7．感到孤单 ____________ 8．后悔做某事 ____________
9．对……有耐心 ____________ 10．向某人解释某事 ____________
11．和……交朋友 ____________ 12．把某人介绍给某人 ____________
13．鼓励某人做某事 ____________ 14．参加 ____________
15．不敢做某事 ____________ 16．每次；每当 ____________
17．听见某人在做某事 ____________ 18．担心；担忧 ____________
19．安静地；沉默地 ____________ 20．一天天地；渐渐地 ____________
21．朋友圈 ____________ 22．对自己感到自信 ____________
【点拨】1．have a problem with sb.　 2.get separated 3．stay in touch with　 4.mention sth. to sb.
5．refuse to do sth.　6.find out　7.feel lonely 8．regret doing sth.　 9.be patient with
10．explain sth. to sb.　11.make friends with 12．introduce sb. to sb. 13．encourage sb. to do sth. 14．join in　
15．be afraid to do sth.　16.every time17．hear sb. doing sth.　18.worry about 19．in silence　20.day by day
21．circle of friends　22. feel sure of oneself
知识要点二：语法
whether/if及疑问词引导的宾语从句
1.whether/if引导的宾语从句。
(1)whether/if引导宾语从句时,意为“是否”,表示不确定的概念,常位于ask, see, say, know, find out等词或短语后面。一般情况下,两者可互换,在口语中多用if。例如:
He asked if/whether they needed some help.他问他们是否需要帮助。
(2)whether和if的区别。
①在动词不定式之前只能用whether。例如:
I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。
②在固定结构“whether...or not”中,只能用 whether。例如:
I want to know whether it’s good news or not.我想知道它是否是个好消息。
③在介词后只能用whether。例如:
His father is worried about whether he may lose his job.他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。
2.疑问词引导的宾语从句。
(1)由特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时,该从句由特殊疑问词引导,此从句要用陈述句的语序。例如:
I don’t know when the plane flies.我不知道飞机什么时候起飞。
(2)当宾语从句由连接副词或代词when, where, who, why, which, what, whose等引导时,有时可以改为由“疑问词+动词不定式”构成的不定式短语,使宾语从句转化为简单句。但前提是主句的主语与从句的主语一致或主句的宾语是从句的主语。例如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the bus stop
→Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop 你能告诉我怎样去公交车站吗
【典例分析】
1.用适当的引导词填空
1.—Could you tell me　 　people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in China
—Sure. People usually watch the dragon boat races and eat zongzi.
【点拨】1.根据答语‘sure’说前面是一般问句，宾语从句一般问句用if、whether引导。
2.—I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know　 　it will arrive
—Usually it comes by 4:00 pm.
【点拨】根据答语by 4:00 pm.所以选用“when”
3.—Excuse me. I wonder　 　there is a bus here to go to Downing Street.
—Yes. Bus No.223.
【点拨】根据答语Yes.故选用if或whether。
4.—Could you tell me　 　he said at the meeting
【点拨】根据句意宾语从句里缺少宾语。故用what。
2.将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句,每空一词
1.When did the train leave I wanted to know.
I wanted to know　 　the train　 　.
【点拨】When left考查由疑问词引导的宾语从句。后面要用陈述句语序且遵从“主过从过”。
2.Are there many people at the party I didn’t know.
I didn’t know　 　 　 　 　 　many people at the party.
【点拨】if/whether there were 考查由whether或if引导的宾语从句。这种疑问句一般“对一般疑问句”进行转述，后面要用陈述句语序且遵从“主过从过”。
3.Does it cost much money to fly to Beijing Could you tell me
Could you tell me　 　it　 　much money to fly to Beijing
【点拨】if/whether costs 考查由whether或if引导的宾语从句。这种疑问句一般“对一般疑问句”进行转述，本句could 是委婉语气。遵从“主现从任”
4.Who invented TV set I don’t know.
I don’t know　 　 　 　TV set.
【点拨】who invented 考查由疑问词引导的宾语从句。后面要用陈述句语序且遵从“主现从任”（主句是现在时态，从句可以用需要的时态）
5.Does the girl need any help He asked me.
He asked me　 　the girl　 　some help.
【点拨】if/whether needed 考查由whether或if引导的宾语从句。这种疑问句一般“对一般疑问句”进行转述，后面要用陈述句语序且遵从“主过从过”。
三、单项选择
1.—Dear friends, do you know________ （2020年重庆）
—By working together!
A. when we can make the Chinese Dream come true
B. when can we make the Chinese Dream come true
C. how we can make the Chinese Dream come true
D. how can we make the Chinese Dream come true
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——亲爱的朋友们，你们知道我们怎样才能实现中国梦吗？——通过共同合作。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句遵循陈述句语序，故排除B、D，这两个是疑问句语序；根据回答“By working together”可知上一句是对方式进行提问，所以用how，故选C。
2.I have some tickets for the football match. I called my friends to see___________.（2020年江苏连云港）
A. where did they buy them B. why they liked to go there
C. when did we go together D. whether they’d like to go
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我有一些足球赛的票，我打电话问我的朋友是否想去。
考查宾语从句。动词see后面是宾语从句，用陈述句的语序（引导词+主语+谓语动词），A和C选项语序错误。根据“I have some tickets for the football match. I called my friends to see”可知是打电话问是否他们愿意去，表达不确定，宾语从句用whether来引导。故选D。
3.Tom became interested in books at a very young age. He read every book he could find and bought books of all kinds. Today Tom has a big collection of books. His favourite books are mystery novels and books about detective stories.
The story mainly tells us ________.
A. why Tom does the reading B. how Tom learned to read
C. how much Tom likes to read D. what Tom’s favourite books are
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这个故事主要告诉我们汤姆是有多么喜欢读书。
本题考查宾语从句及段落大意。why Tom does the reading 汤姆为什么读书；how Tom learned to read汤姆如何学会读书；how much Tom likes to read汤姆有多么喜欢阅读；what Tom’s favourite books are汤姆最喜欢的书是什么。根据宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，可排除A；根据“He read every book he could find and bought books of all kinds. Today Tom has a big collection of books.”可知，他读了他能找到的每一本书，买了各种各样的书。今天汤姆收集了很多书。因此判断这个故事主要介绍汤姆有多么喜欢读书。故选C。
4.I wondered ______________.（2020年湖北武汉）
A. which way was the wind blowing B. which one is the most convenient
C. which of the houses did you live in D. which school it was you went to
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我想知道你去的是哪个学校。
考查宾语从句。动词wondered后面是宾语从句，用陈述句的语序，即连接词+主语+谓语动词，A和C选项的语序错误，排除A和C。根据wondered可知句子是一般过去时，从句也应该时态一致是一般过去时态，B选项时态不符合。which school it was you went to表示“你去的是哪个学校”，从句的语序和时态都符合。故选D。
5.—What did Lily say to you just now, Emma （2020年湖北黄冈）
—She wanted to know
A. what will I do this Sunday B. who did I play volleyball with just now
C. why I am late for class this morning D. if I could go shopping with her tonight
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——莉莉刚才对你说了什么，爱玛？ ——她想知道我今晚能不能和她一起去购物。
考查宾语从句。根据英语语法，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故A、B选项可排除。根据答句She wanted to know以及宾语从句“主过从必过”原则，宾语从句应用一般过去时，故选D。
6.— Lily, could you tell me ________ （2020年山东青岛）
—About ten minutes.
A. how far is it from your home to school B. how far it is from your home to school
C. how long does it take you to walk to school D. how long it takes you to walk to school
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——莉莉，你能告诉我从你家到学校要花多长时间么？——大约十分钟。
考查宾语从句。how far多远（距离）；how long多长时间。tell me后是宾语从句，用陈述句的语序（主语+谓语动词），A和C语序错误。根据“About ten minutes”表达一段时间“大约十分钟”，可知宾语从句用how long。故选D。
本模块的话题是“友谊”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:
1.能写出你朋友的外貌特征及个性特长;
2.能对如何正确交友表达自己的观点;
3.能简述健康友谊的关键因素。
一、单词积累
trust信任 invite邀请 friendship 友谊
valuable 有价值的 encourage 鼓励 patient 有耐心的
lonely 孤独的 talk with和……交谈 smile at对……微笑
common interests共同的兴趣 make some friends交一些朋友
make friends with sb.和某人交朋友 such as 例如
come true实现 tell the truth说实话 stay/keep in touch保持联系
get in touch with与……取得联系 show an interest in 对……感兴趣
二、句式积累
1.He is friendly to everyone and always helps others.
他对每个人都友好,且总是帮助他人。
2.True friends share not only joy, but also sorrow.
真正的朋友不仅分享快乐,也分享悲伤。
3.The most important thing is that a friend always understands you.
最重要的事情是朋友总是理解你。
4.A true friend is always at your side to cheer you up when you are sad.
一个真正的朋友当你伤心时,他总是在你身边为你打气。
5.If you tell a friend your secrets, he or she won’t tell anyone else.
如果你告诉朋友你的秘密,他/她不会告诉其他任何人。
6.He likes chatting with his friends on the
QQ.他喜欢用QQ和他的朋友聊天。
【实战演练】
友情是一种很美妙的东西，可以让你在失落的时候变得高兴起来，可以让你走出苦海，去迎接新的人生。它就像一种你无法说出，又可以感到快乐无比的东西。只有拥有真正朋友的人，才能感受到它真正的美好之处。那么我们如何获得友情，如何交朋友呢？ 请以此为“How to make friends”题写一篇作文。
How to make friends
It's hard to make friends if you stay alone all the time. It's easier to make friends when you have similar interests.
Don't be afraid to show people what you are really good at. Talk about the things you like and do best.
Look at people in the eyes when you talk to them.
Be a good listener. Let people talk about themselves before talking about yourself.
Be friendly to a lot of people. Try to help your friends when they are in trouble because a friend in need is a friend indeed. That way you'll have a bigger group to choose from and have more chances to make friends.
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php