中考英语定语从句专题复习课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
定语：
用于修饰名词或代词
He
is
a
clever
boy.
他是一个聪明的男孩。
He
is
a
physics
teacher.
他是一个物理老师。
Australia
is
an
English-speaking
country.
澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。
定语从句：
由一个句子充当定语,即在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句
定语从句的位置：
在修饰名词或代词后
先行词：
引导词：
引导定语从句的词
关系代词
who,
whom,
whose,
which,
that,
as
关系副词
when,
where,
why
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词
e.g.
This
is
the
car
which
he
bought
last
year.
先行词
定语从句
引导词的作用：
(1)
引导定语从句
(2)
在从句中作一成分
(3)
代替先行词在从句中的
位置
关系代词
apple
the
red
the
green
the
small
the
big
The
apple
which
is
red
is
mine.
The
apple
which
is
green
is
yours.
The
apple
which
is
red
is
small.
The
apple
which
is
green
is
big.
指人
作主语
作宾语
作定语
指物
既指人
也指物
who
that
whom
who
that
whose
that
which
that
which
whose
that
that
whose
作表语
that
that
that
关系代词的指代关系
whose指物时,
可以与
of
which
调换
关系代词作宾语可省略
引导定语从句关系代词的用法：
1)A
plane
is
a
machine
that/which
can
fly.
2)The
noodles
that/which
I
cooked
were
delicious.
3)Let’s
ask
the
man
that/who
is
reading
the
book
over
there.
4)The
girl
whom/who/that
we
saw
yesterday
is
Jim’s
sister.
(主语)
(宾语)
(主语)
(宾语)
指人whom/who/that都可作宾语，whom为最好选择
5)That’s
the
man
whose
house
was
burned
down.
(定语)
3.
The
house
__________
they
built
in
1987
stayed
up
in
the
earthquake.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
who,
whom,
that,
which
or
whose.
1.
The
earthquake___________
hit
the
city
in
1906
was
the
biggest
in
American
history.
2.
We
don’t
know
the
number
of
people
__________
lost
their
homes
in
1906
earthquake.
that
/
which
that
/
who
which
/that
6.
Harry
is
the
boy
______
mother
is
our
maths
teacher
.
4.
A
house
__________
is
built
on
sand
may
fall
down
in
a
earthquake.
5.
Luckily
none
of
the
people
______________
I
know
were
killed
in
the
earthquake
.
which
/
that
who/whom/that
whose
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,
但在下列情况下,只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词
(1)先行词是不定代词all,
no,
none,everyone,
something,
much,
little等或被不定代词所修饰
I
am
sure
she
has
something
(that)
you
can
borrow.
Note
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
a.
This
is
the
first
book
(that)
he
has
read.
b.
She
is
the
most
beautiful
girl
(that)
I
have
ever
seen.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
Any
man
that/.who
has
a
sense
of
duty
won’t
do
such
a
thing.
This
is
the
very
book
that
belongs
to
him.
The
old
car
is
the
only
thing
(that)
he
owned.
This
is
the
same
book
(that)
I
lent
you
yesterday.
(3)先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
same,
the
last修饰时。
正是
the
same…that…同一
the
same…as…同样
(4)
先行词中指人又指物
(5)
若主句中有疑问代词which
,what
a.
Who
is
the
man
that
is
standing
there?
b.
Which
is
the
T-shirt
that
fits
me
most?
c.
what
that
is
on
the
table
belongs
to
you?
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
Wang
Hua
is
the
only
person
in
our
school
who
will
attend
the
meeting？
补充:若主句中有疑问代词who(指人)用that引导
(6)
关系代词在定语从句作表语时
She
is
no
longer
the
girl
that
she
was
before
she
went
to
the
university.
(7)在there
be
句型中
There
is
a
book
that
is
on
the
table.
There
is
a
girl
who
is
my
sister.
there
be
句型中,
先行词是人,
关系代词用who,
是物用that.
(8)句中有两个定语从句时，第
一个的关系代词已用了who
或
which,
第二个定语从句的关系代词用that.
Our
English
teacher
is
the
man
who
is
talking
with
the
girl
that
is
in
red.
1.
I’ve
read
all
the
books
which
I
borrowed
from
the
library.
which
→
that或去掉which。当先行词被all,
every,
no,
some,
any,
little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。
2.
This
is
the
best
film
which
I
have
ever
seen.
which
→
that或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the
only,
the
very等所修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。
3.
My
father
and
Mr.
Smith
talked
about
things
and
persons
who
they
remembered
in
the
country.
如果先行词既指人又指物时,
常用that引导定语从句。
that
4.
Everything
which
we
saw
was
of
great
interest.
当先行词为something,
anything,
everything,
nothing,
all等时,常由that引导定语从句。
which
→
that或去掉which。
1.?The
man
____
I
saw
told
me
to
wait.
2.??The
man
to
_____
I
spoke
was
a
foreigner.
3.
I
know
a
boy
______
father
is
an
acrobat.
(杂技演员)
4.
He
saw
a
house
_____
windows
were
all
broken.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
who,
whom,
whose,
which
and
that.
who
whom
whose
whose
指人时，一定要用“who”的：
①先行词为
those等不定代词
Anyone
who
doesn’t
study
hard
will
not
pass
the
exam.
②主句为“There
be”
句型
There’s
a
student
who
is
from
Beijing.
③人称代词：he,
me,
we等
He
who
has
never
been
to
the
Great
Wall
is
not
a
true
man.
④非限制性定语从句中用who不用that
Tom’s
brother,
who
lives
in
London,
is
an
engineer.
Note
⑤
先行词后有一个较长的句子成分
I
met
a
foreigner
in
the
city
last
week
who
could
speak
Chinese
well.
1.This
is
all____I
know
about
the
matter.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
who
D.
whether
2Is
there
anything
else_____you
require?
A.
which
B.
that
C.
who
D.
what
3.The
last
place
_____we
visited
was
the
Great
Wall.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
where
D.
it
A
B
B
4.He
talked
happily
about
the
men
and
books_____
interested
him
greatly
in
the
school.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
it
D.
whom
5.There
is
no
dictionary_____you
can
find
everything.
A.
that
B.which
C.
where
D.
in
that
6.This
is
one
of
the
best
books_______.
A.
that
have
ever
been
written
B.
that
has
ever
been
written
C.
that
has
written
D.
that
have
written
B
A
A
不用that的场合如下：
1）非限制性定语从句中
Last
night
,I
saw
a
very
good
film,
which
was
about
the
Long
March
.
2）介词放在关系代词之前时
This
is
the
man
from
whom
I
learnt
the
news
3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时
I
have
found
that
which
I
was
looking
for.
7.He
wrote
a
letter
to
me,telling
me
everything__
_
he
saw
on
the
way
to
the
Paris.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
where
8.Is
oxygen
the
only
gas_____helps
fire
burn?
A.
that
B.
/
C.
which
D.
it
9.Is
there
anything_____to
you?
A.
that
is
belonged
B.
that
belongs
C.
which
belongs
D.
that
belong
10.The
scientist
and
his
achievements______you
told
me
about
are
admired
by
us
all.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
who
D.
whose
11.Which
of
the
books______were
borrowed
from
him
is
the
best?
A.
which
B.
what
C.
that
D.
whose
B
A
B
B
C
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句
先行词：物
----
介词+which
人
----
whom
物/人
----
whose+n
The
room
in
which
there
is
a
machine
is
workshop.
The
man
with
whom
I
talked
just
now
is
my
maths
teacher.
This
is
the
boss
in
whose
factory
my
father
works
注意:
1.
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择
①看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配)
②先行词放在从句中需不需要添介词
③通过整个句子整体含义来判断
2.
whom,
which作介词宾语时,介词一般可放在which之前,
也可放在从句原来的位置上,在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上.
1.Do
you
know
who
lives
in
the
building
______there
is
a
well?
A.
in
front
of
it
B.
in
front
of
whose
C.
in
front
of
which
D.
in
front
which
2.
The
woman
_____
my
brother
spoke
just
now
is
my
teacher.
who
B.
to
whom
C.
to
who
D
whom
3.
His
glasses,
_____
he
was
like
a
blind
man,
fell
to
the
ground
and
broke.
A.
which
B.
with
which
C.
without
which
D.
that
4.I
have
bought
two
ballpens,
____
writes
well.
A.
none
of
which
B.
neither
of
which
C.
none
of
them
D.
neither
of
them
5.The
Second
World
War
_____
millions
of
people
were
killed
was
in
1945.
A.
during
which
B.
in
that
C.
where
D.
on
which
6.
They
held
a
meeting,
____
which
the
hospital
director
made
a
speech.
7.
The
book,
_____
which
he
paid
6
yuan
,is
worth
reading.
8.
Is
this
the
man
____
whose
house
the
police
found
the
lost
coloured
TV?
at
for
in
9.
Wu
Dong,_____
whom
I
went
to
the
concert,
enjoyed
it
very
much.
10.The
stories
about
Long
March,
_____
which
this
is
one
example,
are
well
written.
with
of
注意:
3.介词﹢关系代词前可有some,
any,
none,
all,
neither,
most,
each,
few等代词或数词
He
loved
his
parents
deeply,
both
of
whom
are
very
kind
to
him.
2)
The
book
contains
20
stories,
8
of
which
are
about
Leifeng.
3)
I
have
many
good
friends,
each
of
whom
helped
me
a
lot.
注意:
from
where为介词﹢关系副词结构,
但也可引导定语从句
He
hid
behind
the
door,
from
_____
he
could
see
what
was
happening
in
the
room.
There
is
a
library
near
my
home,
from
_____
I
can
borrow
many
books.
where
which
whose
引导的定语从句应注意以下几点：
1.whose
引导定语从句，在从句中作定语其后应紧跟名词
That’s
the
child
whose
drawing
we
looked
at
just
now.
2.
whose
引导定语从句，其先行词可指人，也可指物
I
saw
some
trees
whose
leaves
were
black
with
disease.
4.
Whose
的先行词指物时,
可用of
which
代替whose.指人不可
whose
+
n
=
the
+
n
+
of
which=
of
which+
the
+
n.
He
lives
in
the
room
whose
window
faces
south.
=
He
lives
in
the
room,
the
window
of
which
faces
south.
3.
whose
在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间
Tom
,
on
whose
bike
I
went
to
school
is
a
friend
of
mine.
1.
Recently
I
bought
an
ancient
Chinese
vase,____
was
very
reasonable.
A.
which
price
B.
the
price
of
which
C.
its
price
D.
the
price
of
whose
2.
The
dictionary,___
I
paid
80
dollars,
was
stolen.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
for
which
D
.to
which
3.
Grandma
Liang
has
two
sons,_____
are
soldiers.
A.
two
of
whom
B.
whom
C.
both
of
whom
D.
one
of
them
4.
He
arrived
half
an
hour
late,
_____
made
us
unhappy.
A.
that
B.
as
B.
what
D.
which
B
C
C
D
关系副词
when,
where,
why的用法
关系副词都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语
When
=
in/at/on/…+which;
Where
=
in/at/on/…+which;
Why
=
for
/…+which
作状语：关系副词
when
时间
where
地点
why
原因
1.
This
is
the
factory
______
he
works.
2.
I
don’t
know
the
reason
______
he
was
late.
3.
I
still
remember
the
day
_______
I
met
him.
where
why
when
=in
which
for
which
on
which
①
The
day
I
met
him
first
was
May
1st.
②
The
year
I
came
here
was
1998.
③
The
reason
he
was
late
was
that
he
got
up
late.
when
when
for
which
on
which
in
which
why
关系代词和关系副词如何区别？
1.取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系副词或介词+关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。　
2.要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。
1）This
is
the
mountain
village
where
I
stayed
last
year.
2）I‘ll
never
forget
the
days
when
I
worked
together
with
you.　
3）I'll
never
forget
the
days
(which)
I
spent
in
the
countryside.　
1.I’ll
never
forget
the
days
____________we
spent
together
in
Paris.
2.I’ll
remember
the
days
________we
stayed
together.
3.This
is
the
factory
____________we
visited
last
year.
4.This
is
the
house
_________Lincoln
once
lived.
that\which
when
that\which
where
vt.
vi.
vt.
vi.
during
which
in
which
5.The
reason
_______he
missed
the
speech
is
that
he
forgot
the
time.
6.The
reason
____________he
gave
us
sounded
reasonable.
why
that\which
(合理的）
for
which
This
is
the
house
.
I
lived
in
it
two
years
ago.
This
is
the
house____________
I
lived
in
two
years
ago.
This
is
the
house
_________
I
lived
two
years
ago.
This
is
the
house
_________
I
lived
two
years
ago.
(that/which)
in
which
where
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它
主句意思往往不明确；
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也
不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
(1)This
is
the
house
which
we
bought
last
month.
（限制性）
(2)The
house,
which
we
bought
last
month,
is
very
nice.
(非限制性）
(3)Charles
Smith,
who
was
my
former
teacher,
retired
last
year.
(非限制性）
说明：1.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在
从句作宾语不可省略。
1.We
should
learn
from
those___are
always
ready
to
help
others.
A.who
B.whom
C.they
D.that
2.Mr.
Herpin
is
one
of
the
foreign
experts
who___in
China.
A.works
B.is
working
C.are
working
D.has
been
working
3
.Tom
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who___to
Shanghai.
A.have
gone
B.have
been
C.has
been
D.had
gone
A
C
C
4.He
has
left
for
Beijing,___a
meeting
is
to
be
held.
A.when
B.where
C.as
D.which
5.This
is
the
very
place___I’m
wishing
to
live
in.
A.where
B.which
C.that
D.in
which
6.She
wrote
a
letter
to
her
father,___she
made
her
secret
known.
A.which
B.that
C.in
which
D.where
7.Oxygen
is
a
kind
of
gas,___we
couldn’t
live.
A.without
it
B.without
that
C.without
which
D.if
not
8.I,___your
good
friend,will
try
my
best
to
help
you
out.
A.who
is
B.who
am
C.that
is
D.which
am
B
C
C
C
B
1.which和as都能引导限制性定语从句，指代主句的某一个词，在从句中充当主语或宾语。
但as通常用在the
same...as
,
such…as
,
as…as结构中
I
will
give
you
such
things
as
you
may
need.
This
is
the
same
watch
as
I
lost.
This
is
the
same
watch
that
I
lost.
“as”和”which”引导定语从句的区别
同一
同样
2.which和as都能引导非限制性定语从句
a.
As
we
expected,
he
passed
the
exam.
b.
He
took
away
my
photo,
which
made
me
unhappy.
c.
The
house,
which
they
built
2
years
ago,
fell
down
in
the
earthquake.
1)as引导非限制性定语从句时只能指代整个句子。而which既可指代前面整个句子，也可指代前面句子中的一个词或短语。
3)as
本身有“正如…..正象…”.
的含义,常用于as
is
announced
/
expected
/
known
/
reported
/
said
/
imagined
/
shown…或as
usually
happen,
as
is
often
the
case,
as
we
know等句型
2)as和which引导的非限制性定语从句指代整个主句,
as引导的从句可放在主句之前、之后或中间,而which引导的从句只能放在句末.
4）当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定结构时，只能用which引导
He
made
a
long
speech,
as
was
expected.
He
made
a
long
speech,
which
was
not
expected/unexpected..
Tom
drinks
a
lot
everyday,
which
his
wife
doesn’t
like
at
all.
1.______was
natural,he
married
Jenny.
A.Which
　B.That
　C.This
　　D.As
2.Such
signs_____we
use
in
the
experiment　______Greek
letters.
　
　A.as
,are
B.as,is
C.that,are
D.that,is
3.I
passed
him
a
large
glass
of
whisky,_____
he
drank
immediately
.
A.that
　B.　as
　C.　which
　D.　who
4.She
is
very
good
at
dance,____everybody
knows.
A.that
B.which
C.who
D.as
D
A
C
D
5.It
was
raining,_____was
a
pity.
A.what
B.that
C.
the
which
D.
which
6.______has
been
said
above,
grammar
is
a
set
of
dead
rules.
A.
Which
B.
What
C.
That
D.
As
7.We
are
reading
the
same
book
_____
they
are.
A.which
B.as
C.that
D.like
D
D
B
定语从句必须注意的特殊例子
1.先行词为situation
,
case
,
stage,
point,
position关系词要用where,
in
which
eg.
Can
you
imaging
the
situation
where/
in
which
you
can
use
the
word.
2.先行词为way
,关系词要用that,
in
which
或省略
eg.
Do
you
know
the
way
(that/in
which/--)
he
worked
the
problem.
3.定语从句的必须注意的两个句型。
Is
this
school
the
one
we
visited
that
year?
Is
this
the
school
that
we
visited
that
year
?
He
is
one
of
the
students
who
are
from
the
south.
He
is
the
(only)
one
of
the
students
who
is
from
the
south.
区分定语从句与其相似句型
Mr.Wu
has
two
sons,
and
both
of
them
are
fond
of
playing
golf.
(这里and连接的是并列句，不能用whom代替
them。如去掉and，就必须用whom代替them
成定语从句。
It
was
last
night
that
the
terrible
fire
broke
out.
(这里是“It
was+被强调部分+that...
”构成的强调句型，故连接词不用when。)
1A.Is
this
the
factory__you
visited
last
year?
B.Is
this
factory____you
visited
last
year?
a.that
b.where
c.in
which
d.the
one
2.A.Mr
Smith
is
one
of
those
foreigners
who____working
in
China.
B.Mr
Smith
is
the
only
one
of
those
foreigners
who____working
in
China.
a.is
b.has
c.have
d.are
a
d
d
a
3.A.Don’t
discuss
questions
such
_____those.
B.Let’s
discuss
only
the
questions
______we
are
interested
in.
a.which
b.that
c.as
d.about
which
4.
A.
All____I
need
is
a
good
rest.
B.
____I
need
is
a
good
rest.
a.What
b.All
what
c.that
d.Which
c
b
c
a
5.A.Pisa
is
a
city,
__
has
a
leaning
tower.
B.Pisa
is
a
city,____there
is
a
leaning
tower.
a.which
b.that
c.where
d.there
6.A.This
is
the
place____we
visited
last
year.
B.This
the
place____we
worked
last
year.
a.which
b.where
c.
in
that
d.there
a
c
a
b
7.A.The
news____he
told
us
was
very
exciting.
B.He
has
brought
us
the
news____our
team
has
won
the
game.
a.what
b.as
c.that
d.where
8.
A.It
is
in
a
box____I
have
hidden
my
money.
B.We’ll
go___we
are
needed.
a.that
b.in
which
c.where
d.in
it
c
c
a
c
9.
He’s
got
himself
into
a
dangerous
situation_____
he
is
likely
to
lose
control
over
the
plane.
A.where
B.which
C.while
D.why
10.
Is
this
the
house
________
he
visited
last
year?
11.
Is
this
house
_________
he
visited
last
year?
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.the
one
A
A
/
B
D
11.
The
factory
produces
half
a
million
pairs
of
shoes
every
year,
_______
80%
are
sold
abroad.
A.
of
which
B.
which
of
C.
of
them
D.
of
that
12.
______
is
often
the
case,
we
have
worked
out
the
production
plan.
A.
Which
B.
When
C.
What
D.
As
13.
Anyway,
that
evening,
____
I’ll
tell
you
more
about
later,
I
ended
up
staying
at
Rachel’s
place.
A.
when
B.
where
C.
what
D.
which
14.
There
was
____
time
____I
hated
to
go
to
school.
A.
a;
that
B.
a;
when
C.
the;
that
D.
the;
when
A
D
D
A