牛津译林版八年级英语下册Units 7-8语法被动语态知识点讲解及练习 （无答案）
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版八年级英语下册Units 7-8语法被动语态知识点讲解及练习 （无答案） |  | |
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牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit7-8语法知识点讲解及练习
被动语态
重点考点知识点
1.动词语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者
被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者
例句：We use a knife for cutting (主动句).
A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。
2.被动语态的使用情况：
不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁
强调动作的承受者
被动语态中的执行者常常由“by+执行者 ”引出
结构：被动语态由“be＋动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。其中的动词必须是及物动词。（不及物动词无被动）
被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时的被动语态：am／is／are＋done
一般过去时的被动语态：was／were＋done
一般将来时的被动语态：will／shall be＋done
现在进行时的被动语态：am／is／are being＋done
现在完成时的被动语态：have／has been＋done
例题1： --- Have you finished your fashion design?
--- Not yet. I’ll finish it if I_________ ten more minutes tomorrow.
A.am given B. will be given C. will give D. give
例题2：It's said that the long bridge______________________（build）in two months．
例题3：All the students _____________ (ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday
例题4：No stars can （see） in the day-time by us.
例题5：The books (sell)out already。
will be built/were asked/be seen/have been sold
“情态动词＋be＋过去分词
We? must finish this work soon. →This work must be done soon.
主动语态变被动语态的基本方法:宾变主,谓变被,必要时主前加by，其余不变
主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday.
主语 谓语动词 宾语其余部分
被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday.
主语 谓语动词 by+宾语其余部分
Eg. Jack broke the window last night.
被动：The window was broken by Jack last night.
带双宾语的被动语态
动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等，带有双宾语，一个是直接宾语（指物），另一个是间接宾语（指人）.变为被动语态后人或者物都可以做主语。但是物作主语，保留间接宾语，其前面根据情况用介词to或for
Eg.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday．（me间接宾语，gift直接宾语）
被动：I was given a gift on my birthday．
A gift was given to me on my birthday.
例题1;
My father bought me a new bike.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
例题2：His mother shows him a book.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
Keys:I was bought a new bike by my father
A new bike was bought for me by my father.
He is showed a book by his mother
A book is showed to him by his mother.
7.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：
动词(make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch )+ sb + do sth
See/hear/watch sb do sth
但是在see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时，doing 不变。
Eg, make sb do sth ---被动： sb be made to do sth
I saw a boy cross the street . → A boy was seen to cross the street.
例题1：They often saw the boy watch the football matches last year. (改为被动语态)
The boy ________ often _________ ________ ________?the football matches by them.
例题2：He often makes us work for ten hours a day. (改为被动语态)
We ___________ often___________ to __________ for ten hours a day
例题3：We noticed him eating snacks in class. (改为被动语态)
He eating snacks in class by us.
was seen to watch /are made work / was noticed
典例分析：He __________(hear) to sing this English song just now. was heard
8.主动式表被动义
动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。
如：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink,
Eg, The book is sold out, because it sells well.
例题1： Last week the old books _____ to raise money for Free the Children.
sold B. are sold C. were sold D. was sold
典例分析2： This kind of dress made of silk soft,so they out quickly .
A.feels;were sold B. is felt;sold
C. feels; sold D. is felt;were sold
9.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, take place,无被动
Eg.A traffic accident happened just now
10.表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Eg.The steel feels cold．
11.作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义，也可以用不定式结构：
需要被做某事 need doing sth =need to be done.
require doing sth =require to be done.
Eg,The house needs repairing.
The flower needs watering.
12.下列情况不能用于被动语态:
不及物动词 系动词（ be动词、感官动词， (逐渐)变得/变成，保持/似乎，好像 ）
Eg.The music sounds beautiful.
13.短语动词的被动形式：它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，不能把短语动词分开，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。
They take good care of these children. → These children are taken good care of.
例题1：The old men and the children ____ in our country.
A. must take good care B. must be taken good care
C. must be taken good care of D. must take good care of
习题巩固
1.—What will you do with the old newspapers?
—The old newspapers as well as the old books to the recycling company.
is going to send B. are going to send
C. is going to be sent D. are going to be sent
2.—What’s the name of the song you sang just now ?It beautiful.
—It is When Christmas Comes to Town..
A. was sounded B.sounded C. was heard D. heard
3、。English _____ in many countries, but Chinese _____ their own languages.
A.is spoken,speak B.speaks,is spoken
C.is spoken,speaken D.is spoken,is spoken
4.Several traffic accidents have happened recently. If drivers are careful enough, most accidents .
A. can prevent B. can be prevented C. need prevent D. will prevent
5.The sick man _______to hospital by the policeman an hour ago.
A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took
6.Soil can ________ in place by trees during storms to prevent desertification(土地沙漠化).
A. is kept B. be kept C. be keeping D. keep
7.This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
8. —The subway in Nanjing in a few years.
A. will complete B. will be completed
C. was completed D. completes
9.– a new library in our school last year? –Yes, it was.
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did; build
10.We're sure that the environment in our city ______ greatly through our work in the near future.?
A.improved B. was improved C. has improved D. will be improved
11.The World Cup _______ every four years. Football fans are all looking forward to it this summer.
A. takes place B. is taken place
C. has taken place D. is taking place
12.The World Cup_______________ every four years.
A. takes place B. is taken place C. is held D. Both A and C
13.They _______ day and night.
A. are made work B are made to work C made to be worked D are making to work
.14.This book _____ by a famous writer many years ago.
A. writes B. is written C. was written D. was written
15.When you a difficult task, try to continue with it and complete it.
A. give B.are given C. gave D.are giving
被动语态
重点考点知识点
1.动词语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者
被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者
例句：We use a knife for cutting (主动句).
A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。
2.被动语态的使用情况：
不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁
强调动作的承受者
被动语态中的执行者常常由“by+执行者 ”引出
结构：被动语态由“be＋动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。其中的动词必须是及物动词。（不及物动词无被动）
被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时的被动语态：am／is／are＋done
一般过去时的被动语态：was／were＋done
一般将来时的被动语态：will／shall be＋done
现在进行时的被动语态：am／is／are being＋done
现在完成时的被动语态：have／has been＋done
例题1： --- Have you finished your fashion design?
--- Not yet. I’ll finish it if I_________ ten more minutes tomorrow.
A.am given B. will be given C. will give D. give
例题2：It's said that the long bridge______________________（build）in two months．
例题3：All the students _____________ (ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday
例题4：No stars can （see） in the day-time by us.
例题5：The books (sell)out already。
will be built/were asked/be seen/have been sold
“情态动词＋be＋过去分词
We? must finish this work soon. →This work must be done soon.
主动语态变被动语态的基本方法:宾变主,谓变被,必要时主前加by，其余不变
主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday.
主语 谓语动词 宾语其余部分
被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday.
主语 谓语动词 by+宾语其余部分
Eg. Jack broke the window last night.
被动：The window was broken by Jack last night.
带双宾语的被动语态
动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等，带有双宾语，一个是直接宾语（指物），另一个是间接宾语（指人）.变为被动语态后人或者物都可以做主语。但是物作主语，保留间接宾语，其前面根据情况用介词to或for
Eg.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday．（me间接宾语，gift直接宾语）
被动：I was given a gift on my birthday．
A gift was given to me on my birthday.
例题1;
My father bought me a new bike.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
例题2：His mother shows him a book.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
Keys:I was bought a new bike by my father
A new bike was bought for me by my father.
He is showed a book by his mother
A book is showed to him by his mother.
7.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：
动词(make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch )+ sb + do sth
See/hear/watch sb do sth
但是在see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时，doing 不变。
Eg, make sb do sth ---被动： sb be made to do sth
I saw a boy cross the street . → A boy was seen to cross the street.
例题1：They often saw the boy watch the football matches last year. (改为被动语态)
The boy ________ often _________ ________ ________?the football matches by them.
例题2：He often makes us work for ten hours a day. (改为被动语态)
We ___________ often___________ to __________ for ten hours a day
例题3：We noticed him eating snacks in class. (改为被动语态)
He eating snacks in class by us.
was seen to watch /are made work / was noticed
典例分析：He __________(hear) to sing this English song just now. was heard
8.主动式表被动义
动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。
如：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink,
Eg, The book is sold out, because it sells well.
例题1： Last week the old books _____ to raise money for Free the Children.
sold B. are sold C. were sold D. was sold
典例分析2： This kind of dress made of silk soft,so they out quickly .
A.feels;were sold B. is felt;sold
C. feels; sold D. is felt;were sold
9.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, take place,无被动
Eg.A traffic accident happened just now
10.表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Eg.The steel feels cold．
11.作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义，也可以用不定式结构：
需要被做某事 need doing sth =need to be done.
require doing sth =require to be done.
Eg,The house needs repairing.
The flower needs watering.
12.下列情况不能用于被动语态:
不及物动词 系动词（ be动词、感官动词， (逐渐)变得/变成，保持/似乎，好像 ）
Eg.The music sounds beautiful.
13.短语动词的被动形式：它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，不能把短语动词分开，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。
They take good care of these children. → These children are taken good care of.
例题1：The old men and the children ____ in our country.
A. must take good care B. must be taken good care
C. must be taken good care of D. must take good care of
习题巩固
1.—What will you do with the old newspapers?
—The old newspapers as well as the old books to the recycling company.
is going to send B. are going to send
C. is going to be sent D. are going to be sent
2.—What’s the name of the song you sang just now ?It beautiful.
—It is When Christmas Comes to Town..
A. was sounded B.sounded C. was heard D. heard
3、。English _____ in many countries, but Chinese _____ their own languages.
A.is spoken,speak B.speaks,is spoken
C.is spoken,speaken D.is spoken,is spoken
4.Several traffic accidents have happened recently. If drivers are careful enough, most accidents .
A. can prevent B. can be prevented C. need prevent D. will prevent
5.The sick man _______to hospital by the policeman an hour ago.
A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took
6.Soil can ________ in place by trees during storms to prevent desertification(土地沙漠化).
A. is kept B. be kept C. be keeping D. keep
7.This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
8. —The subway in Nanjing in a few years.
A. will complete B. will be completed
C. was completed D. completes
9.– a new library in our school last year? –Yes, it was.
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did; build
10.We're sure that the environment in our city ______ greatly through our work in the near future.?
A.improved B. was improved C. has improved D. will be improved
11.The World Cup _______ every four years. Football fans are all looking forward to it this summer.
A. takes place B. is taken place
C. has taken place D. is taking place
12.The World Cup_______________ every four years.
A. takes place B. is taken place C. is held D. Both A and C
13.They _______ day and night.
A. are made work B are made to work C made to be worked D are making to work
.14.This book _____ by a famous writer many years ago.
A. writes B. is written C. was written D. was written
15.When you a difficult task, try to continue with it and complete it.
A. give B.are given C. gave D.are giving