2021年中考英语二轮专题复习讲义第10讲 宾语从句和状语从句 （含答案）

1026160011226800英语教师讲义
学员姓名： 年 级： 九年级
科目：英语 学科教师：
课程主题：宾语从句+状语从句
授课时间：
学习目标
1.复习宾语从句，状语从句中考中的重点考点。
2. 复习宾语从句，状语从句的易错考点，掌握解题技巧。
教学内容
重点词汇短语回顾

互动探索
分析句子成分
I think you are .
Can you tell me where the is?
I will teach you how you can build .
名言警句猜猜猜
1. He that is ill to himself will be good to nobody.
人不自爱，焉能爱人？
2. He laughs best who laughs last.
424688035560 谁笑在最后, 谁笑得最好。
3. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
从不犯错误的人一事无成。
4. He that travels far knows much.
行万里者,见多识广。
5. A friend is someone who knows all about you and still loves you.
朋友就是这样的人──他了解你的一切而仍然喜欢你。
批注：在课堂导入部分，先和学生来学习下这些名言警句，可以先和学生来探讨一下其中的道理，然后让学生观察每一句的共同点，在每一句中都包含了一个定语从句，因而导出本节课所讲内容，同时让学生对定语从句有一个简单的了解，讲课时，老师可以把警句的中文删掉，让学生课下去猜一下或者去查一下，下节课上课的时候探讨。

宾语从句专题讲解

【知识梳理1】宾语
宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。
362458057150【例题精讲】
例1. I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。
例2. I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。
例3. I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。
例4. Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗?
【知识梳理2】宾语从句的定义
定义：在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子就叫宾语从句，基本句式为“主句+连接词+宾语从句”。

【例题精讲】
例1. I don't know if / whether my father will come back tomorrow. （我不知道明天我爸爸是否会回来。）
例2.Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy. （汤姆不能决定应该买哪一件羊毛衫。）
5110480123825例3.We all know（that）the sun rises in the east. （我们都知道太阳在东方升起。）
例4.He is thinking about what he should do next. (他正在考虑他下一步应该做什么。）

【知识梳理3】宾语从句的语序
在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾从一定要用陈述句的语序，其标点符号由主句来决定。因此当宾语从句是由whether\if 或者特殊疑问词引导时，因将其原来的疑问句语序还原为陈述句的语序。
4000500194945
【例题精讲】
例1. I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
例2. I think (that) you will like this school soon.
例3. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
例4. Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
【巩固练习】
将下列例句改为含有宾语从句的句子。
He is a student. --- I don’t know that _____________________.
Is he a student? ---I wonders whether \ if____________________.
Where does he live ? --- I asked him___________________ .
--- Can you tell me______________________ ?
Keys：1.he is a student 2.he is a student 3.where he lives 4.where he lives
【知识梳理4】宾语从句的时态
1. 若主句时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。即从句可用所需任何时态。
批注：如果主句是一般现在时，从句的时态根据从句中的时间状语提示决定。学生在做题时只需关注从句中的时间提示即可。
如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
批注：如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态仍是用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
He said light travels much faster than sound.
3. 当主句为 Could/ Would you (please) tell us-----? 时，只表示委婉语气，而不表示过去时态。
批注：本部分的考察通常在翻译句子中出现，句子一般给出Could you tell me的部分，要求学生写出后面的宾语从句，因而老师可以提醒学生要特别注意这一点。

【例题精讲】
例1. I don’t think (that) you have finished all the work.
例2. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
例3. He says Mary is playing with the cat .
例4. He says Mary often plays with the cat at weekends.
例5. He says Mary will play with the cat this weekend.
例6. I think he left yesterday morning.
例7. He asked what time it was.
例8. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
例9. He asked if you had written to Peter.
例10. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
例11. Could you tell me how I can get to the library?
例12. Could you tell us if he has been to the Great Wall?
【巩固练习】
1. Please stop________ . I can’t hear __________ .
A. making any noise; what did the man say B. to make any noise; what the man spoke
C. making any noise; what the man said D. to make a noise; what the man talked with
2. I do not doubt ________ win in the race.
A. whether he will B. whether will he C. that he will D. that will he
3. ---Could you tell me __________?
---Certainly. In half an hour.
A. when will the train to Beijing leave B. when the train to Beijing would leave
C. when the train to Beijing left D. when the train to Beijing leaves
4. June says she _____ never_______ (read)a book about star signs before.
5. My watch is broken. My father said he ______________( buy ) me a new one.
Keys：1. C 2.C 3.D 4.has read 5.would buy
【知识梳理5】宾语从句的关系词
1. 宾语从句的关系词可以分成三类：that, if/ whether, 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。
2. 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。
批注：
1. that在宾语从句中使用时句子不存在任何疑问，不缺任何意思。
2. 主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一 人称而且为一般现在时, 宾语从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来, 其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
I think he isn’t a student.（×）
I don’t think he is a student.（√）
I don’t think he is a student, ?
Keys: is he
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?
3. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 和连接副词 where, how, why, when引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
4. 由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句：if和whether在句中意思是“是否”，不做句子成分。
批注：
1. if, whether在引导宾语从句时主句是存在疑问的句子。
2. if, whether在表示是否含义时，是有区别的:
1)宾语从句中含有or及or not时只能使用whether；
2）后面直接接动词不定式时只能使用whether，例如I am not sure whether to take part in the party；
3）if表示“如果”含义时，不能用whether。
if表示“如果”含义时，主句和从句遵循主将从现原则，但是if表示“是否”含义时从句的时态根据宾语从句时态决定。例如：
If I am free tomorrow, I will go to see my uncle.
We don’t know if he will come tomorrow.

批注：宾语从句用法口诀
学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词；
宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑；
主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；
主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；
语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句；
That连接陈述句，省与不省没关系；
从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记；
特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词；
三个重点需记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。
【例题精讲】
例1. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
例2. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
例3. I am sure (that) he will succeed.
例4. Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
例5. He asked whose handwriting was the best.
例6. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
例7. I don’t know why the train is late.
例8.I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
例9.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
【巩固练习】
1. --- Mr. Gao went to Shanghai for the air exhibition last week.
--- Is that ___________ he had two days off?
A. what B. when C. why D. where
2. ---What did your parents think about your decision? ---They always let me do _____ I think I should.A. when B. that C. how D. what
3. Could you tell me ________you were late for the meeting this morning ?
A .where?????????????? B .why????????????????? C .when D. what
4. She asked me if I knew ________pen it was.
A. whose?? B. what C .who ?? D .where
Keys：CDBA
状语从句专题讲解
【知识梳理1】状语从句的概述
用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。
【知识梳理2】时间状语从句
(1) 时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。
(2) 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
till是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而在那个时刻之后，该事情或状况仍将持续。 until是指直到某一 特定事件发生的时候，而讲话的人在自己心里认为，在那个时刻之后，该事情或该状况将中止（不怎么可 能持续）。固定组合里from morning till night，till/until是不能替换的。
(4)when , while, as的区别和联系
1)在when引导的时间状语从句中，动作可以是表示延续的(长动词)，也可以是表示瞬间的(短动词)；
2)while引导的从句中，动作一定是表示延续的（长动词）.
3)as“当…….时；一边….一边…..”,引导的时间状语从句，强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，when 与while也有此用法。
4)when和as常表示从句动作先于主句动作，有时when还可以表示从句动作在主句动作之后。
批注: while 除了可以做“正当...时候”之意，还可以表示转折，意思是“然而”。还可以作名词讲，“片刻之意”。如：
Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。
I haven’t seen her for a long while. 我好久没有看见她了。
(5)since的考查
since引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间，译为“自….以来”。主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。此外也有： It has been…since从句；It is +一段时间+since从句。
批注：对 since 引导的时间状语提问要用how long。
【例题精讲】
例1. It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday.
例2. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.
例3. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
例4. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.
例5. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
例6. I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
例7. I will tell him everything when he comes back.
例8. He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
例9. The young man read till the light went out.
例10. Let’s wait until the rain stops.
例11. We won’t start until Bob comes.
例12. Don’t get off until the bus stops.
例13. I was watching TV when Tom came in.
例14. Tom came in while I was watching TV.
例15. As she was dancing, she was singing.
例16. It’s getting colder and colder as the winter comes.
例17. He has taught us Maths since he came here.
例18. It’s ten years since I worked in the hospital.
例19. Where have you been since I saw you last?
【巩固练习】
根据句子意思，选用before, when, while, since或until填空。
1. I was about to take a shower in the bathroom _________ I heard my mobile phone ringing.
2. --- Have you known the football star for a long time?
--- Yes. 　　　　 I was only seven years old.
3. --- Did you realize your money was missing on the bus?
--- No, not _________ I was going to pay for the shoes in the shop.
4. At eight last night, my mother was watching TV ________ my father was reading a magazine.
5. --- Did you have a good time during your last trip to Beijing?
--- Yes. It was time for us to leave there ____________we knew it.
Keys：1. when 2. Since 3. until 4. While 5. before
【知识梳理3】条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导条件状语从句时，一般遵循主将从现的原则。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，状语从句用一般现在时。
(2)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。
批注：①unless=if…not.，如：You will get lost easily unless you have a map.
= You will get lost easily if you don’t have a map.
②if既有”如果”也有“是否”的意思。作“如果”讲时遵循主将从现的原则，作“是否”讲时引导宾语从句。
例：I don’t know if he will come back tomorrow.
I will go to Shanghai if I am free next week.
【例题精讲】
例1. I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.
例2. Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.
例3. You mustn’t be late, if you want to go there with me tomorrow.
例4. Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
例5. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

【巩固练习】
1. Hurry up! Or you will miss the train. (改为同义句)
________________ you________________ hurry up, you will miss the train.
Keys：1. If; don’t
【知识梳理4】原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。
(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。
(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
(4)because与because of 的区别:because后只能接句子，而because of 后面只能接名词或名词短语，不能跟句子。
【例题精讲】
例1. He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
例2. As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
例3. Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
例4. ---Why aren’t you going there? ---Because I don’t want to.
例5. As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.
例6. Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.
例7. Because of the bad weather, we put off the sports meeting.
例8. Because it rained yesterday, we put off the sports meeting.

【巩固练习】
1. I keep an English diary it helps me improve my writing skill.
A. how B. when C. because D. if
2. his leg was hurt, he walked slowly.
A. Because; so B. Because; / C. Although; but D. Although; /
3. I collect toys because they are beautiful. (对画线部分提问)
you collect toys?
Keys：1.C 2.B 3.Why do
【知识梳理5】结果状语从句
结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。
so…that与such...that的用法区别：
(1)在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词或副词连用。
其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。
批注：若so后面的形容词后跟单数可数名词，也可用如下结构：
so ＋形容词＋a／ an +单数可数名词＋ that从句
例：This is so wonderful a film that I will never forget it.
(2)在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。其结构有以下几种：
such a／ an ＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋ that从句
such＋形容词＋复数可数名词／不可数名词＋that从句
(3)如果名词前有many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。
(4)so…that和such...that两种结构的互换
当that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，so…that….可以与be…enough to do转换；当从句为否定句式，可以与too…to….或be not….enough to do转换，从而使复合句变为简单句。
【例题精讲】
例1. He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.
例2.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.
例3.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.
例4.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.
例5.He spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him.
例6.It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
例7.This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.
例8.They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect.
例9.It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.
=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.
例10.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.
=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.
例11.Peter is so tall that he can reach the apple on the big tree.
= Peter is tall enough to reach the apple on the big tree.
例12.The boy is so young that he can’t look after himself.
= The boy is too young to look after himself.
=The boy is not old enough to look after himself.
例13.Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.
【巩固练习】
1. This exercise is difficult .
A. so; that few of us can do B. so; that few of us can do it
C. too; for anyone of us to do D. too; for anyone of us to do it
2. This math problem is so easy that I can work it out.
This math problem is to work out.
Keys：1.B 2.easy enough for me
【知识梳理6】目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that（为了，以便）引导。
批注：in order to 后面接动词原形，表目的。而 in order that后面只能跟从句。例如：
In order to get more progress, he works harder and harder.
so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：
1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。
2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。
【例题精讲】
例1.We started early so that we could catch the first train.
例2.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.
例3.We used the computer in order that we might save time.
例4.Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)
例5.Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)
【巩固练习】
1. You must check your paper carefully there is no mistake in it.
A. so that B. such that C. in order to D. so as to
Keys：A
【知识梳理7】让步状语从句
(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。
批注：although只能用在句首，而though既可以放句首也可以放句末。
(2)although(though)不能和but用在同一个句子中。
批注:基础较好的学生可以补充讲解even if和even though的用法：even if是“即使”的意思表假设, even though是“尽管”之意表转折，两者都可引导让步状语从句。
【例题精讲】
例1.Though he is young, he knows a lot.
例2.Although I am tired, I must go on working.
例3.Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. （╳）
Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out. （）
【巩固练习】
1. I will never forget that terrible accident it happened so long ago.
A. only if B. even though C. only when D. ever since
2. it is dark now, the workers go on working there.
A. Though B. Because C. As D. Since
Keys：BA
宾语从句检测：
（2019无锡中考）11. You've no idea ______to build a new airport. Let me tell you, young man. That's billions of dollars!
A. how much it will cost B. how long it will take us
C. how much will it cost D. how long will it take us
（2018无锡中考）11. —I don’t care __________. In this camp, there’s only one hairstyle-short! Understand?
—Yes, madam!
A. what you are used to liking B. what you used to be like
C. what are you used to liking D. what did you use to be like
（2017无锡中考）6.—I’ve just received a Wechat message - “ttyl”. Do you know ?
—It stands for “talk to you later”.
A. how does it mean B. how it means C. what does it mean D.what it means
（2015无锡中考）13.I know he's been curious about everything, but that's . Be patient!
A. what do kids like B. what kids like C. what are kids like D. what kids are like
（2019镇江中考）15. ﹣Do you believe that humans could live on Mars?
﹣I don't think _______.
A. if it comes true B. that it will come true
C. why it will come true D. how does it come true
（2019南通中考）14. —Could you please tell me_____?
—With pleasure. Wait a moment, please.
A. if the scarf looked nice on me B. what's the new product like
C. that Guilin is worth visiting D. how I can order a robot online
（2019扬州中考）9. —Kate, do you know _____?
—I'm not sure. Maybe a Bird﹣watching Society worker.
A. where can I watch birds B. what is the man with a camera
C. where I can watch birds D. what the man with a camera is
（2019常州中考）9. —Could you tell me _____ the music?
— He used traditional Chinese music art and the sounds of an ancient Chinese bell.
A. how he made B. how did he make C. why he made D. why did he make
（2019江南中学二模）8. — Excuse me, could you please tell me __________ ? I forgot about it.
— Only in five minutes. You’d better hurry up if you don’t want to miss the beginning.
A. how soon will the film begin B. how soon the film will begin
C. how long has the film been on D. how long the film has been on
（2019年梁溪区二模）12. This book will show you ________ from books is put into practical use.
A. how you’ve learned B. how what you’ve learned
C. how that you’ve learned D. that you’ve learned
状语从句检测：
（2019无锡中考）9. —The local food may taste a bit strange.
—Well, ______we are here, why not give it a try?
A. though B. unless C. since D. because
（2018无锡中考）6. He stayed up very late that night. __________ he woke up in the morning, the sun was already high up in the sky.
A. Until B. After C. While D. As
（2016无锡中考）3. Could you help me with housework _____________ you are free today?
A. since B. though C. unless D. until
（2015无锡中考）11.I think you should complain, , of course, you are happy with the situation.
A. unless B. however C. until D. though
（2019镇江中考）6. —Is your WeChat account （账户）safe?
—Yes, even my father can't use it _______ I tell him the password.
A. when B. unless C. while D. if
（2019南通中考）13. I still keep taking exercise every day _____ I am busy with so many subjects.
A. until B. unless C. because D. though
（2019常州中考）7. I won't stop loving English ______ the sun rises in the west.
A. if B. although C. because D. unless
（2019苏州中考）6. Love your parents ______ they are alive. Don't wait until it is too late.
A. while B. though C. because D. unless
（2019江南中学二模）5.We?will?not?attack?________?we?are?attacked;?if?we?are?attacked,?we?will certainly?attack back.?
A. because B. since C. though D. unless
（2019年梁溪区二模）8. ___________ you’re invited to speak, you should remain silent at the meeting.
A. Because B. After C. If D. Unless
Keys:CDAAB DDADD
宾语从句的用法有哪些？
状语从句的用法有哪些？
一、单项选择
1. ---Could you tell me________________? ---Yes, you can go there by bus.
A. how can I get to the Miao King City B. where is the Miao King City
C. how I can get to the Miao King City D. where the Miao King City is
2. Everyone can play an important part in society. As members, we should try our best to do_____.
A. what we should do B. what should we do
C. how we should do D. how should we do
3. ---Is Tom still in New York or already back at home?
---I’m not sure __________. I’ll call to make sure.
how he will be back B. that he has come back
C. why he has come back D. if he has been back
4. ---Could you tell me _______ ?
---I’m not sure.
A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving Day
C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start
5. If you can’t find the place, I will show you _______.
A. what it is B. what it was C. where it is D. where it was
Keys：1-5 CA DAC
6. I won’t be able to understand what you say, _______you speak too quickly.
A. if B. though C. because D.so
7. ---Wang Jinquan, a teacher from Qichun, has supported many poor students to college.
---______he himself lives a plain（朴素的）life.
A. So B. But C. Because D. Though
8. ______ they may not succeed, they will try their best.
A. Though B. When C. Because D. Unless
9. ---Finish your homework __________ you can’t play computer games, Jim.
---All right, Mum.
A. but B. till C. and D. or
10. ______Lily ______Lucy can go with you because one of them must look after their mother at home.
A. Neither; nor B. Either; or C. Both; and D. Not only; but also
Keys：6-10 CBADB