2021年中考英语二轮专题复习讲义 第3讲 动词和动词词组 （含答案）

英语教师讲义
学员姓名： 年 级：
科 目：英语 学科教师：
课程主题：动词和动词词组
授课时间：
学习目标
①掌握其在词汇运用和动词填空的基本考点及常考点
②掌握动词和词组的词义辨析
教学内容

上次课后巩固作业复习；

? 考点解读
动词是词汇的核心部分，也是句子的灵魂，在各地历年历次考试中，动词与动词短语是考查的热点与难点，分值较重，多在10-20分之间，题型多样，涉及单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写、语篇型动词填空等诸多题型。考查点相对灵活多样，主要涉及以下几个考点：
1. 动词或动词短语的词义辨析；
2. 系动词的含义及用法；
3. 助动词的基本用法；
4. 实义动词的分类及词义辨析；
5. 持续与非持续动词的选择与转化；
6. 情态动词的含义与基本用法。
近几年，各地中考对动词或动词短语的考查主要涉及语境内的词义辨析。考查时，常给出四个不同的动词或动词短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词或动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。因此，在备考时，应对动词或动词短语进行整理，强化记忆，不仅要掌握词性、词义、与介词或副词的搭配，还要掌握常见词汇的引申含义，体会不同语境中动词或动词短语的真实含义。
? 考向突破
动词是表示人或事物动作与状态的词。
按照在句中的功能与作用，可以分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词、情态动词四大类。
1. 系动词
系动词，也称连系动词（linking verb），就是把主语与表语连接起来，构成主系表结构，表示主语的特征、身份或存在状态的动词。
例如：She is a Chinese teacher. 她是一名语文老师。
系动词is连接主语She与表语a Chinese teacher，表明主语的职业特征。
He was out at that time. 那时他不在家。 系动词was连接主语He与表语out，表明主语He的状态。
系动词具有一定的含义，但不能独立作谓语，需和后面作表语的名词、形容词或介词短语一起构成合成谓语。
初中阶段常见的系动词有以下几种：
类别
功能
例词
状态系动词
表示主语所处的状态
be
感官系动词
表示人体感官的系动词
taste, smell, sound, look,
表象系动词
表示看起来/似乎处于某种状态
appear, seem
变化系动词
表示主语由一种状态变换到另一种状态
go, get, turn, become
持续系动词
表示主语持续或保持某种身份或状态
keep, stay, stand, lie
(1) 状态系动词：表示主语所处的状态或身份，常翻译为：在，是，如：be动词。例如：I was excited to hear the exciting news.听到这个令人兴奋的消息，我很兴奋。
【经典例题1】 The best things in life________(be) free, like smiles, love and good memories.
【答案】are
(2) 感官系动词：表示身体感觉的，常见的有feel、smell、sound、taste、look。
例如：--- Let’s go to play basketball, Kate.凯特，让我们打篮球吧。--- OK, that sounds great.那听起来很棒！
【经典例题2】---Look, Linda. The flowers in our classroom came out in one night.
---I can’t believe it. They are beautiful and colorful. They _________ great.
A. sound B. smell C. taste
【答案】B
【经典例题3】 ---Would you like to try some pizza?
---Yes，please．It_________ lovely and_________ nice.
A. sounds; sees B. hears; turns C. looks; smells D. sounds; watches
【答案】C
(3) 持续系动词：表示主语持续保持某种状态，译为：保持，常见的系动词有keep、remain、stay等。例如：To stay healthy, we should exercise every day. 为了保持身体健康，我们应该每天锻炼身体。
(4) 变化系动词：表示主语从一种状态转化到另一种状态，意为：变得......，常见的系动词有become、turn、grow等。例如：She becomes more outgoing than she was three years ago. 她现在变得比三年前开朗多了。
(5) 表象系动词，表示"看起来像"，主要有seem, appear, look。例如：He seemed very sad. 他似乎很伤心。
2. 助动词
助动词，顾名思义，就是配合主动词，起辅助作用的动词。
助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,常和后面的动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数，还可构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。
想一想，辨一辨：试写出下句的否定句：
【经典例题4】I do my homework.（变为否定句）
【答案1】I do not my homework
【答案2】I don’t do my homework.
初中阶段主要的助动词有：
助动词
功能
例句
be
(am/is/are/was/were)
构成各种进行时态
My father is reading a book.我爸爸正在看书。
构成被动语态
The window was broken by Tom.窗户是蒂姆打碎的。
do/does/did
构成疑问句或否定句
Do you like Beijing Opera? 你喜欢京剧吗?
代替主要动词
She dances as well as I do. 她跳舞和我一样好。
加强语气
Do come to my party.一定要来参加我的聚会。
构成否定祈使句
Don't eat in the classroom.不要在教室里吃东西。
用于倒装句
I don't like reading, neither does John.我不喜欢游泳,约翰也不。
have/has/had
构成完成时
He has studied for two hours.他已经学习两个小时了。
shall/will/would
构成将来时
I will be more careful next time.下次我将会更细心些。
3. 实义动词
实义动词，又称行为动词，具有实际的意义，能够独立担当谓语。
按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词；按其延续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
(1) 及物动词与不及物动词
及物动词，本身意义不完整，后面需直接补充宾语，不需加介词。例如：我们上周参观了长城。visit意为：参观、游览，后面直接且必须加上宾语the Great Wall意义才完整，为及物动词。
及物动词常用于以下几种结构中：
① 主语+及物动词+宾语
We planted many trees around our school. 我们在学校周围种了很多树。
② 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
Mr. Li made me study hard. 李老师让我努力学习。
感官或使役类动词后常跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。这类感官或使役类动词常有let, make, have, feel, find, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, look at, smell。
③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
She picked her mom some flowers. 她为母亲采了一些花。
常见的接双宾语的及物动词有：give, show, pass, tell, bring, teach, make等。带双宾语的及物动词，若把直接宾语置于间接宾语前，需加介词to/for，构成：及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语。
例如：Please pass me a glass of water. =Please pass a glass of water to me. 请给我递一杯水。
不及物动词，本身意义完整，后面不能带宾语，如果带宾语需加相应的介词。例如：We must listen to teachers carefully in class.在课堂上，我们必须认真听老师讲课。动词listen为不及物动词，加了介词to后才能接宾语teachers，不能表达为listen teachers。
常用结构：主语＋不及物动词＋(状语)。例如：Li Hua works very hard. 李华工作很努力。
有些不及物动词与介词、副词、名词搭配形成动词短语，相当于及物动词。
① 动词十介词 (宾语只能放在介词后)
例如：She often helps me to look after our children when I am away.当我不在家时，她常帮我照看孩子
【经典例题5】[2019年 岳阳中考] The volunteers ________ the sick kids in the hospital on weekends.
A. look after B. look for C. look through
【答案】A
② 动词+副词
宾语是名词时，放于副词前后皆可，位置比较灵活；宾语是代词时，则只能放于动词和副词之间。
例如：Please wake me up at six.请在六点叫醒我。
【经典例题6】 [2019年滨州中考] They’ll succeed in working out the problem because they never _______.
A. wake up B. give up C. look up D. make up
【答案】B
③ 动词+副词十介词 (宾语只能放在介词后)
例如：We must come up with a good idea to solve the problem.我们必须相处一个好主意来解决这个问题。
【经典例题7】---It’s too noisy outside. I can’t fall asleep.
---Neither can I. We have to _______ new ways to solve the problem.
A. come up with B. end up with C. make up with D. catch up with
【答案】A
④ 动词十名词十介词 (宾语只能放在介词后)
例如：His job is to take care of the patients.他的任务是照看病人。
【经典例题8】 Everything from how we cook meat to what we eat for dinner can ________ our brain health.
A. take pride in B. have an interest in C. play a role in D. believe in
常见的动词短语见下表：
look短语
look at看; look for寻找; look up查阅; look around环顾; look after照顾
turn短语
turn on打开; turn up调高; turn off关上; turn down调低,拒绝
put短语
put out熄灭; put up张贴,搭建; put on穿上; put away把……收起来;
give短语
give up放弃; y捐赠; give off发出(光、热等); give out分发; give in屈服
take短语
take part in参加; take off脱掉,起飞; take out取/拿出; ; take down记下,写下;
get短语
get up起床; get over克服; get on/off上/下(车、船等); get ready for为……作准备;
make短语
make up组成,构成; make faces做鬼脸; make decisions作决定; make promises作承诺
go短语
go off发出响声;go on继续; go away离开; ; go up上升,增长
come短语
come out出版,开花; come along出现,跟随; come on加油,快点儿
fall短语
fall over被……绊倒; fall off从……跌落; 于; fall asleep入睡
keep短语
keep in touch with和……保持联系; keep away from远离; keep up with
think短语
think of想起,记得; think up想出(主意或计划等); think over仔细考虑
(2) 延续性动词与非延续性动词
延续性动词, 表示能够延续的动作，可与时间段连用，动作可以长时间地延续下去或产生持久的影响。例如：We have studied English for six years.我们已经学习英语六年了。
非延续性动词表示动作瞬间完成，即动作一经发生即结束，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：begin, buy, come, die, find, go, join, lend, leave. sell borrow等。
【经典例题9】---Does Jimmy still work as a driver?
---No. He has _________ for two years.
A. left the company B. gone to Shanghai C. studied in college D. lost his job
【答案】C

单项选择
1. ---Have you ______ chemistry for the coming exam?
---Yes. I’m quite ready for it.
A. repeated B. copied C. marked D. reviewed
2. Parents should let children _______ home and find more about the world. After all, birds should fly freely in the sky.
A. leave B. enter C. reach
3. You can’t change who you are by reading a book or change the way you act by watching a video. What__________ is what you do, not what you know.
A. includes B. decides C. means D. matters
4. ---Excuse me, can you teach me how to_______ this new word?
---No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully.
A. prove B. pronounce C. prepare D. produce
5. ---The sale of oil-fueled vehicles(燃油车) will be stopped in Hainan province by 2030.
---Well, it will help_________ the environment.
A. improve B. study C. pollute D. control
6. Frank is an honest boy and he never tells a lie. We all _______ him.
A. miss B. mind C. doubt D. trust
7. ---Jack, let’s have a picnic after school.
---Sorry. I have ________Frank to work on the biology report with him.
A. advised B. expected C. suggested D. promised
8. We should ______ making a noise in the library．
A. avoid B. prefer C. practise D. enjoy
9. ---Would you please______ your e-mail address? I missed it just now.
---No problem. It's fox@163. com.
A. repeat B. review C. record
10. Stephen Hawking has ________ great success as a scientist.
A. allowed B. achieved C. practiced D. promised
11. April 5 was a sad day for France. A large fire _______at the Cathedral of Notre-Dame.
A. broke out B. carried out C. gave out D. ran out
12. Miss Lee likes _________. She tells everyone that she has got a new car.
A. coming out B. showing off C. turning out D. taking off
13. The English Speech Competition ____ the best in her. As a result, she is more active now.
A. checked out B. tried out C. left out D. brought out
14. ---It's cold outside, Jimmy! You should __________your sweater.
---Thanks, mom.
A. take off B. take in C. put on D. put up
15. ---I don’t know how to __________the old books.
---Why not give them away to poor children?
A. hand out B. give up C. deal with D. take up
16. All the members decided to ________the money from the book sale to homeless people.
A. give up B. give away C. take up D. take away
17. ---Can I help you, Sir?
---Yes, please. I am ________ a blue T-shirt.
A. looking up B. looking for C. looking after D. looking through
18. On the first day of Chinese New Year, we_________ new clothes and visit people.
A. pick up B. put on C. take off D. throw away
19. Elder brother: Which is much braver, the sun or the moon, Tom?
Younger brother: Of course the moon. Because it isn’t_________ the dark.
A. harmful to B. afraid of C. sure about D. thirty for
20. ---Will Bob help me look after my pet dog when I'm away.
---Of course. He won't ____________your request. He loves animals a lot.
put down B. write down C. turn down D. take down
DADBA DDAAB ABDDCC BBBBBC
二、填空题
21. He c______ the screen to the computer last night.
22. Look! A Guilin TV reporter is i______ a sports star in the street.
23. If you want to get a prize in the speech competition， you should___（准备）for it well．
24. Tomorrow morning they are going to _____________（采访）a great scientist.
25. He _______________(误以为) Mary for her twin sister and that made them laugh a lot.
26. About 300 to 1,300 red-crowned cranes _______ to Yancheng Nature Reserve every year to spend the winter.（fly）
27. The manager will be so busy next month, that he has to c______ a few unimportant meetings.
28. Mr. Wang asked me to i______ myself when I first came to the class.
29. My friends c_______ stamps in order to learn more about history．
30. Every time I want to give up， my parents always_______（鼓励）me to keep trying．
connected interviewing prepare interview mistook fly cancel introduce collect/collected encourage

309245711200动词分类
动词分类
1. ---China has __________ great progress in the fight against poverty(贫困)in the past five years.
---That's true. The government has helped more than 68 million people get out of poverty.
A. done B. made C. offered D. caught
2. Many tourists prefer five-star hotels because they think expensive hotels always __________ guests with better service.
A. prevent B. protect C. present D. provide
3. ---I've tried hard at my schoolwork but still__________.
---Don't be upset. Sometimes losing is only a sign that you really tried.
A. failed B. worried C. improved D. succeeded
4. ---Do you think it is popular to_______ red envelops(红包)on WeChat during festivals?
---Yes. But I prefer giving gifts to family members.
A. give out B. give away C. give back D. give up
5. ---It’s time to work now.
---OK. I’ll wake Carl up. He __________ for an hour.
A. has fallen asleep B. has been asleep C. fell asleep D. falls asleep
6. We watched an interesting show and _______ some gifts______ our parents.
A. bought, for B. buy, for C. bought, to D. buy, to
7. Mom didn’t feel well. The doctor _______ her but failed to find anything wrong.
A. required B. examined C. praised
8. ---Let’s do something for our parents.
---Good idea. We should always __________ parents’ love for us.
A. explain B. value C. wonder D. suppose
9. Problems and worries are normal in life. When we have a lot of worries, someone advises us ________ our parents about them because they have more experience.
A. talking to B. to talk to C. talk to
10.Our geography teacher told us Columbus (哥伦布) ________ America in 1492.
A. created B. invented C. discovered D. beat
BDAB ABBC