2021年中考英语二轮专题复习讲义第5讲 非谓语动词 （含答案）

英语教师讲义
学员姓名： 年 级：
科 目：英语 学科教师：
课程主题：非谓语动词
授课时间：
学习目标
①掌握三种非谓语形式
②区分三种形式，熟记固定搭配
教学内容

上次课后巩固作业复习；

教学建议：根据图片的内容引出本课的重点内容。

非谓语动词
“主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表、同位”
许多学生看到这些专业术语就头晕，那就不要牵强本身了，事实，会用才是王道。不必定非要弄懂这些成分概念，我们也能寻到更好懂得办法。但不管若何，最低得语法要求仍是有得：主语、谓语、宾语得认清！
“主谓宾”构造表达“或人做某事”，谓语是紧紧跟在主语后面得举措，迥殊好认。值得留心得是，谓语必定是动词，但动词不必定是谓语------还有可以是：非谓语动词，它指得是在句子中，除谓语之外得其它动词。假定皇帝得后宫由动词组成，那末皇后娘娘就是谓语，拥有尽对正统得位置；其他妃子，都长短谓语动词。
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如今判定下面句子得红字局部是谓语，还长短谓语：
A man moved into the house?facing?the street.
一男人刚搬进正对大年夜马路得房子。
He liked?to do?a weird dance when he got home.
到家时，他喜好跳一种诡异得舞。
Found dancing, he rushed?to close?the curtain.
当发明有人看他跳舞得时刻，他冲过往关窗帘。
以上红线局部得动词，都长短谓语动词；它们不是句子中位置最高得动词；moved，liked 和 rushed 才是正宫娘娘。
非谓语三种形式
非谓语动词共有三种形式，它们不受时态、人称或主语单单数得影响：
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【知识梳理1】动词不定式的构成
1. 基本形式：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to, 这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义。
e.g.: To hear your voice is so nice. (to hear叫做动词不定式)
2. 否定形式：not (+to)+动词原形
e.g.: I am sorry not to tell you the news.
3. 特点：动词不定式作为非谓语动词的一种，具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称和数的变化。

【例题精讲】
例1. Let us celebrate the Spring Festival together.
例2.You had better not discuss the exams.
【巩固练习】
1.Our head teacher warned us_____ (not fly) kites near power lines in spring.
2.----It’s raining hard outside. You’d better ________ (not go) out.
----OK.
答案：1.not to fly 2.not go

【知识梳理2】动词不定式的句法功能
1) 作主语
动词不定式可以在句子中作主语，且作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末.其结构是 It’s +adj.+of/ for sb + to .
2) 作宾语
1) 一些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语: want, decide, hope, agree, wish, need ,promise, would like, plan, manage, offer, fail, ask, afford 等。
e.g.: I hope to have a more comfortable bed.
He decides to buy another pair of trainers for his daughter.
At last, the children managed to enter the room.
2) 在find, think后用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
e.g.: I find it hard to understand the passage.
I think it interesting to read this book.
3) 常见的一些用不带to的动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有：
Will (Would) you please (not)...? 请（不要）做某事好吗?
had better最好做某事
Why not...? 为何不做某事
would rather(not)...宁可(不)；宁愿(不)
3) 作宾语补足语
e.g.: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
此处to turn down the radio为宾语him的补足语，turn down这个动作由he来做，是逻辑上的主语。
这类动词一般可以分为三类：
实义动词
一些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语补足语: tell, ask, want, allow, would like, encourage, invite, need, tell, advise等。
e.g.: Our English teacher encourages us to read loudly in the morning.
感官动词和使役动词
有些感官动词和使役动词如feel, hear, listen to, watch, see, notice, make, let, have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时常常省去不定式符号to.
e.g.: I saw him go into the classroom just now.
但将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。
e.g.: We see a lot of boys play basketball in the afternoon.
→A lot of boys are seen to play basketball in the afternoon by us.
The strict father makes the children do housework every day.
→The children are made to do housework by the strict father every day.
help
动词help比较特殊，后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，既可带to, 也可不带to.
e.g.: The boy asked his father to help him (to) work out the problem.
4) 做定语
动词不定式作定语时，应该放在名词或复合不定代词后，它与名词或复合不定代词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
e.g.: There is nothing to worry about. (worry about nothing)
Have you got anything to say? (say something)
5) 作状语
通常情况下，动词不定式在句子中充当
目的状语：一般置于句末或句首，用来表示做某事的目的，通常to do可以用in order to 进行同义句转换；
e.g.: I went to the library to study English. (表示目的)
= I went to the library in order to study English.
= To/ In order to study English, I went to the library.
结果状语：一般置于句末，用来表示做事的结果，初中常见的句型有：too…to…; enough.. to..
e.g.: She arrived at the airport to find the train had left.
The young man was not strong enough to carry the heavy bag.
= The young man was too weak to carry the heavy bag.

【例题精讲】
例1.To learn English well is useful for us. = It is useful for us to learn English well.
例2. The doctor advises him to stay in bed for several months.
【巩固练习】
1.It is my job _________ (introduce) the film stars from Taiwan on the show.
2.It is difficult _____ them ____ the charity walk without team spirit.
A. for; to finish?? B. of; to finish?? ? ?????? C. for; finishing?? D. of; finishing
3.The boy is often heard in the music room. He sings very well.
A. practice singing B. to practice singing
C. practiced singing D. practicing singing
4.Tom often makes his brother __but yesterday he was made____ by his brother.
A. cry; to cry B. to cry; cry C. cry; cry D. to cry; to cry
5.The thief was noticed _____the office building by the back door on the screen.
A. enter B. enter into C. to enter D. to enter into
6.We should think about what we can do _________ (keep) animals and plants from becoming endangered.
7. How kind you are! You always do what you can_________ me.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps
答案：1.to introduce 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.to keep 7.C
【知识梳理3】常考的后跟动词不定式和动名词搭配的结构
1）后跟动名词的结构有:
477202558420finish/ keep/ practise/ mind/ enjoy/ spend /suggest/like/love/hate
can't stop; can’t help (情不自禁)
have difficulty (trouble/problem)
be busy +doing sth
be worth
prefer ...to..../look forward to/be used to (习惯于)/pay attention to/devote...to ...
have a good time /have fun;
spend time... ;
stop/keep/prevent sb. (from)
What/How about...

536194046355agree/learn/ hope /wish/ plan / decide / choose / would like / seem /invite /fail /promise/afford/seem?
have/has (no) time...
try one's best;
can't wait ; + to do sth
the first ...;
have no choice but....;
adj/adv+enough...
It's +adj+(for/of sb) +....
It's time...;?
There is no need... ?

2）但是有一些动词后既可以加动名词做宾语，又可以接动词不定式做宾语，而且两者用法相差甚远：
remember to do (记住去做)
remember doing (记得做过)
forget to do (忘记去做)
forget doing (忘记做过)
try to do (设法做)
try doing (试着做)
go on to do (接着做另一事)
go on doing (继续做同一事)
stop to do (停下来去做)
stop doing (停止做)
can’t help to do (不能帮助做)
can’t help doing (情不自禁做)

【巩固练习】
1.—Would you like ____ or shall we go by bus?
— I prefer ___, but we have to take a taxi, for time is short.
A. walking; to walk B. to walk; walking C. to walk; to walk D. walk; walk
2.Each of us is looking forward ___a good result. Let's do it more carefully.
A. to get B. for getting C. to getting D. getting
3.Tony used to to school, but he is used to to school now.
walk; taking a bus B. walked; take a bus C. walk; take a bus D. walking; to take a bus
4.—Dad, why must I stop ______ computer games?
—For your health, my boy.
A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing
答案：CCAD
【知识梳理4】疑问词+动词不定式
不定式放在疑问词what, where, which和how之后，此时相当于一个宾语从句。此时要求do的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，或者与主句的宾语一致。
【例题精讲】
例1. I don’t know what to do tomorrow. = I don’t know what I should do tomorrow.
例2.I will tell you how to handle it next time. = I will tell you how you should handle it next time.
【巩固练习】
1.— I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?
—I haven’t decided where ________.
A. go B. went C. going D. to go
2.—Excuse me. Could you tell me ______ get to the nearest post office?
—Sorry, I am new here.
A. how can I B. how I could C. how to D. what I can
3.I haven’t decided when ________ a holiday yet.
A. took B. taking C. to take D take
4.The old lady didn't know _________ when the house caught fire.
A. how to do?????? B. how to do it??????? C. what to do???????? D. what to do it
答案：DCCC
【知识梳理】动名词&现在分词
含义：功用、状况、正在发作、主动
（1）表功用
a?sleeping?bag 睡袋???a?waiting?room 期待室???a?reading?room 阅览室
a?swimming?pool 泅水池??a?walking?stick 手杖
（2）表状况
a?developing?country 展开中国度
（developing 润饰国度，表明该国处于展开中得状况）
an?amusing?actor 弄笑得艺人
（amusing 润扮演员，凸起这个演员得喜剧特点）
（3）示意举措正在发作
a?sleeping?baby 睡着得婴儿
（sleeping 润饰宝宝：一个正在酣睡得宝宝）
The baby is?sleeping. 宝宝睡着了。
（be doing构造，如今举行时，示意宝宝正在睡觉）
（4）表主动
The man?walking?dogs?is my neighbor.
（把walking dogs算作一个完整得局部，专业上称「后置定语」，润饰前方得 the man，示意：“遛狗得哪个男人”；walking 这个举措既可了解为正在发作，还有主动得意味：人远狗。）
（5）v+doing固定构造
加 后接 doing sth.得动词：
enjoy，finish,imagine，keep，avoid等
后接 doing sth. 得词组：
give up，look?forward to, stick to, be used to, have?trouble (in)等
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（6）状语从句省略
当主、从句主语一致时，doing 前可添加 when，if，though 等毗邻词。
Hearing the joke, I laughed my head off. 我听了这个笑话，差点笑断气。（主语是I，与hear是主动关系）
Though?working from morning till night,?she didn’t have a bean.
尽管她起早贪黑，仍是穷得吃土。（主语是she，与work是主动关系）
【知识梳理】过去分词
含义：主动、已完成、状况
（1）表主动
当主、从句主语一致时，done 前可添加 when，if，though 等毗邻词
Bitten?by his dog, he was afraid of getting rabies.?
他被狗咬了，忧郁会得狂犬病。（主语是he，与bite是主动关系）
Water can be changed into vapor?when?(it is)?heated.（主语是water，与heat是主动关系）
水受热能变成水蒸汽。
（2）表已完成
fallen?leaves 落叶
fallen 润饰树叶，指出叶子已失落落在地面，对比：
falling?leaves 正在落下得叶子（还没到地呢）
boiled?water 开水
或凉、或温、或烫，横竖水已煮过
boiling?water 沸水（正沸腾得水，这时候喝舌头会烫熟）
（3）表状况
Satisfied with?what I did, Mom made a big meal.妈妈对我做得事儿挺惬意，给我做了整理大年夜餐。
注：(be) satisfied with 得主语必需与主句一致，且 be 动词一般省略不写。
这时候 done 与主动无关，我们把它看作阎割了 be 动词得固定搭配，相似单词、短语
还有：(be) seated, (be) faced with ,?(be) devoted to， (be) dressed in,(be)?tired of?等。
非谓语动词对比
1.?start doing = start to do
start，begin，continue?这3个词后面既以接to do，也可以接doing，意思不异。用法上要留心得是，句子看上往要顺眼、均衡，歧说，不要一连出现两个doing。
The girl is starting to love herself.
The girl is starting loving herself.
2. 接 doing 或 to do，意义不同：
stop ， regret， remember， forget,?admit?等
3.?see sb. doing + see sb. do
相似用法得还有：hear，watch，notice，observe，feel 等感官动词。以
前我先生是这么说得：
*see sb.doing 示意看见举措正在举行
*see sb.do示意看见举措得全进程（我发明还可以这么了解：夸大“看见XX”这
个事实）
看两个例句：
1) I saw my neighbor walking his dog.我看见我街坊在遛狗。（夸大我看到他正在遛狗得这个举措）
2) I saw my neighbor walk his dog.我看见我街坊远狗了。（夸大我看到他遛狗这个事实）
大年夜家不必主要，测验会出现比拟明明得指向性，很随意寻到解题线索哈。来看看这题：
left57150
解析：选A。主动句夸大得是举措承受者，这里指 the missing boy。大年夜家最后看见这小孩儿得时刻，他在干嘛呢?正在河畔玩，see the boy playing。主动就变成 the boy was seen playing。
有人问，为什么不必 to do? see sb.do，那不看见小孩儿玩耍得全进程了嘛？如许得话，如何会在河畔弄丢呢？对比之下，固然 playing 更得当。
4.??-ing 和 -ed 开头得形容词
这个常识点如何记?硬背就记下来了：-ing 开头示意「XX给人得感受」；-ed 开头示意「人得感受」，歧：
interesting：XX有意思，令人感喜好
interested：种草了，感喜好
I was interested in the interesting “Aquaman”.
exciting:XX令人好嗨哦！
excited：好嗨哦！
We are excited about the exciting news.
再给出3组形容词，大年夜家想一想~
boring, bored
tiring, tired
surprising, surprised
5.?have sb. do VS have sth. done
这组也是测验超爱出得：
have sb.do sth.要 sb.做······
have sth.done 让他人做······
场景：我爹剪头发
1) Dad had Mom cut his hair.
我爸让妈妈给他剪头发。
2) Dad had his hair cut.我爸剪头了。
（可以是 Tony 先生剪得，也可以是麻麻剪得，横竖不是他本身剪得）
注：cut - cut - cut
6.?being +adj.位于句首，大年夜多表原因
Being tired, he didn’t go to the?party.?
因为累了，他没参与派对。
Being 可以省略失落，所以我们有时也会看到光秃秃得一个adj.或adj.短语放句首，如：
Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young?man in Teheran saved up for years to?buy a real bed.
德黑兰得一个年青人对睡地板厌倦了，于是积存多年买了一张真正得床。
另外，单独得 adj.还可以表明主语如今得心理状况：
Tired,he sat alone in the corner. 他独坐在角落里，很累。（夸大他呆坐在那边得心里感受，可以是玩欢脱了，如今坐在那边，好累。）

一、单选。
1. ﹣Jack，why have you decided Chinese folk music as a course.
﹣To learn more about Chinese culture.
A. take B. taken C. taking D. to take
2. ---Why doesn’t the surgeon stop ____________ lunch?
---Because he is too busy __________ a dying patient in the operation room.
A. to have; to save B. having; to save C. to have; saving D. having; saving
3. Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can take the time _______ her words on paper.
A. put B. putting C. to put D. puts
4. The girl students are discussing ______ the walls in the classroom.
A. what to paint color B. to paint what color C. which color to paint D. to paint which color
5. ---A young man has just borrowed 5,000,000 yuan from a bank to buy a flat.
---That sounds crazy. He will risk ______ everything all at one time.
A. lose B. losing C. to lose D. of losing
6. Life is about waiting for the right moment________, because everyone is in his own TIME ZONE.
A. acting B. to act C. act D. acts
7. The price of housing in Nanjing is so high that many people can’t afford ________ a flat.
A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to buy
8. —Excuse me, can you explain the reason to me again?
—Sorry, I know what I want to say but I have difficulty ______ myself clearly.
A. express B. to express C. expressing D. to be expressed
9. When you travel abroad, you can hardly avoid products made in China.
A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. be bought
10. — It’s going to rain tonight. I’m a little worried about Adam. He’s still out.
— Why not ______ him a call?
give B. to give C. giving D. gave
DCCCB BBCCA

二、适当形式填空
1. Children are warned _____________ (not play) on the roads.
2. The government encourages young people who have difficulty _______（find）a job to start their own businesses.
3. The aim of Readers is to share thoughts and feelings by ________(read) wonderful words.
4. — ________(compare) with life in the city, life in the countryside is more comfortable in some ways.
5. — I am sorry to keep you ________(wait) on such a cold morning.
— It doesn’t matter. I’ve just arrived.
6. ________(learn) more about the history of Nanjing, you can visit some local museums.
7. I can hear the girl ________ (read) English every morning. That’s why she is good at the
subject.
8. —Kate, you look tired. Why not ________(take) a holiday?
—Good idea, but I have to finish the work in a week.
答案：1.not to play 2. finding 3.reading 4.Compared 5.waiting 6.To learn 7.read 8.take

309245711200动词后面接to do作宾语的有哪些？
want, decide, hope, agree, wish, need ,promise, would like, plan, manage, offer, fail, ask, afford 等
动词后面接to do作宾语的有哪些？
want, decide, hope, agree, wish, need ,promise, would like, plan, manage, offer, fail, ask, afford 等
一、适当形式填空
1.----Would you mind (帮助) me carry this heavy box to the classroom?
----Of course not.
2.----Lily, why do you like classical music so much?
----Because it can always help me (放松) when I feel stressed.
3.She promised to do all she can ______(help) me but she failed to do that.
4.----Do you think it is worth (connect) my watch to the Internet?
----I’m afraid it isn’t necessary to do so.
We must do everything we can (make) our sky more and more blue.
5.When Kitty and her classmates visited Hong Kong Disneyland last May Day, they couldn’t stop (take)
photos with Disney characters.
6.Some young people are volunteering to do what they can (help) clean the litter in Zijin Mountain every
weekend.
Why not (change) the plan since the rain is so heavy?
8.If the whole of our society keeps? (try), we will have more and more blue skies with each passing year.
9----We are now busy (prepare) for the Senior High School Entrance Examination.
----I see. Just take it easy.
答案：helping; relax; to help; connecting; to make; taking; to help; change; trying; preparing
二、阅读填空
WARNING: Holding a cell phone against your ear or putting it in your pocket may be bad for your health.
This sentence is a warning that you’d better not put it close to you when a new phone is bought. Apple company, for example, doesn't want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, BlackBerry's producer, recommends 2.5 centimeters.
If cell phone use can cause health problems, the result will be very serious. Americans spend 2.26 trillion(万亿) minutes chatting on cell phones every year, which brings $109 billion for the wireless businessmen.
Devra Davis, a professor who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about mobile phone radiation (辐射). Davis studies how often brain cancer happens during different age groups. She finds a big increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older people.
Children are more easily hurt by radiation than grown-ups, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. But no studies have yet been finished on cell phone radiation and children, she says.
Henry Lai, a research professor, began lab radiation studies in 1980 and found that mice exposed to(暴露在) radiofrequency（电波频率）radiation had destroyed DNA in their brains.
Ms. Davis recommends using wired earphones（有线耳机）or the phone's speaker. Children should send text messages rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from their bodies.
It’s (1) _______________ to your health to use cell phones.
Warning from different companies
·Apple company, the (2)__________ distance is 1.5 centimeters.
·Motion, BlackBerry’s producer recommends 2.5 centimeters.
The results of research from different areas
·Devra Davis pointed out that people in the 20-to-29 age are more likely to have brain cancer than older people (3)__________ of mobile radiation.
·Ms. Davis and other scientists studied that children are (4) _______ to be hurt by radiation than adults.
·Henry Lai found that mice exposed to radiofrequency radiation had destroyed DNA in their brains.
Ms Davis’s (5) ________ on how to use the cell phone safely
·It’s better for children to send text messages than to make a phone call. Pregnant women should keep phones away from their bodies.
1.harmful 2.closest 3.because 4.easier 5.advice
三、阅读理解
When I lived in Spain(西班牙), some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car. Before they left, they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation (住所). I suggested that they should stay at 'bed and breakfast' houses, because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family. My friends listened to my advice, but they came back with some funny stories.
"We didn't stay at bed and breakfast houses," they said, "because we found that most families were away on holiday."
I thought this was strange. Finally I understood what had happened. My friends spoke little English, and they thought 'VACANCIES' meant "holidays", because the Spanish word for 'holidays' is 'vacaciones'. So they did not go to house where the sign outside said 'VACANCLES', which in English means there are free rooms. Then my friends went to house where the sign said 'NO VACANCLES', because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holiday. But they found that these houses were all full. As a result, they stayed at hotels!
We laughed about this and about mistakes my friends made in reading other signs. In Spanish, the word 'DIVERSION' means fun. In English, it means that workmen are repairing the road, and that you must take a different road. When my friends saw the word 'DIVERSION' on a road sign, they thought they were going to have fun. Instead, the road ended in a large hole.
English people have problems too when they learn foreign languages. Once in Paris, when someone offered me some more coffee, I said 'Thank you' in French. I meant that I would like some more. However, to my surprise the coffee pot was taken away! Later I found out that 'Thank you' in French means 'No, thank you.'
1. My Spanish friends wanted advice about _____.
A. learning English B. finding places to stay in England
C. driving their car on English roads D. going to England by car
2.I suggested that they stay at bed and breakfast houses because ______.
A. they would be able to practise their English
B. it would be much cheaper than staying in hotels
C. it would be convenient(方便) for them to have dinner
D. there would be no problem about finding accommodation there
3. 'NO VACANCIES' in English means _____.
A. no free rooms B. free rooms C. not away on holiday D. holidays
4. I was surprised when the coffee pot was taken away because I _____.
A. hadn't finished drinking my coffee
B. was expecting another cup of coffee
C. meant that I didn't want any more
D. was never misunderstood (误解)
BAAB