2021年中考英语二轮专题复习讲义 第15讲 任务型阅读（二） （含答案）

英语教师讲义
学员姓名： 年 级：
科 目：英语 学科教师：
课程主题： 任务型阅读（二）
授课时间：
学习目标
掌握任务型阅读的解题技巧和方法
教学内容


任务型阅读理解是根据任务型教学设计而成的，它是介于任务理解与书面表达之间的一种题型。它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼概括，是一种读写结合的题型。这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解能力，也考查学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力，还考查学生运用英语语言将有关内容以文字形式正确地表达出来的能力。
完成任务型阅读的过程就是：阅读（信息输入） → 判断、分析、概括、推理（信息加工与处理） → 答题（信息输出）。
Some people succeed, while others may not. This is because some people own certain qualities, which others don't have. If you want to be successful, you should have the following qualities at least.
The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, you must be optimistic(乐观的). If you do not expect to win, you will not try as hard as those who do expect to win. You also need to have a clear purpose and a reason for doing something. If you do not have a purpose, you will not do your best to work hard and make sure that every detail you have done is right.
Reading is another thing to success, as it will help you learn about how other people have achieved success. If you want to learn how to set up a successful business, you should read books about like Bill Gates and Jerry Yang, who have achieved amazing success in their areas of business.
71. Some people who succeed own ________， which others ________．
72. To ________ is the first thing you must remember in order to succeed. People who expect to win will try ________ than those who don't.
73. ________ is another thing to success. You should read books about people like Bill Gates and Jerry Yang to learn how to set up ________．
76-80 certain qualities don’t have
be optimistic harder
Reading a successful business

任务型阅读题型分类归纳
原词重现
词义转换
句子结构转换
词型转换
总结归纳
原词重现
例1：
原文：Some psychologists (心理学家) think that your taste in music is related to (有联系的) your personality.
题目：Your in music is related to your personality.
解析：对比空格前后和原文一致，可以知道此题为细节题，直接找到taste.
答案：taste
例2：
原文：Music tells us who we are. Music reflects the creators’ thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from.
题目：Music not only reflects the social environment it came from but also expresses people’s thinking and ______
解析：对比空格前后，虽然题干与原文不完全相同，但and前连接的词与原文一致，没有任何改变，可以知道此题为细节题，直接找到values.
答案：values
例3：
原文：Be active and have a positive attitude (积极的态度) towards life. Develop confidence in yourself.
题目：Have an and positive attitude towards life and develop confidence in yourself.
解析：依旧找到and连接词，后一个为positive，可知需要在原文中找到与positive位置和作用等同的词，原文为be active and have a positive可以知道是active.
答案：active
词义转换（反义词，同义词转换）
例1：
原文：Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide.
题目： to understand new information.
解析：对比原文与题目，可知此需要找到一个词，意思相当于get ready（准备好…）, 可以想到是prepare，同时prepare满足，prepare to do sth
答案：Prepare
例2：
原文：It is said that you won’t want to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue(五岳) but you won’t wish to see even wu yue after you come back from it.
题目：It is said that you won’t to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue but you won’t wish to see even wu yue after from it.
解析：找到原文的after，原文为come back而题干只有一个，想到come after 返回= return，但此时主语也被省略掉，直接放在介词after之后，所以需要变换return的形式。
答案：returning
句子结构转换（语法知识的运用）
例1：
原文：In classroom, your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying. The information they provide will be important for you to know when you take tests. So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers say.
题目：The information that is by the teachers about studying topics is useful for your tests, so it is necessary for you to learn take good notes.
解析：原文的 the information they provide是一个省略that的定语从句，变为问题时，定语从句中的主语被偷换掉了，所以相应的动作和主语之间的关系也由主动变为了被动，动词形式需要变化
答案：provided
词型转换
例1：
原文：Don't wave your hands to the waiters. Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. But in France some bread and water will come first, then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm(节奏) of the restaurant. Have enough patience(耐心)!
题目：Englishmen can’t be ________ enough for meals while Frenchmen can.
解析：找到原文enough的位置，可知此题考查的本质其实是enough的用法：形容名副后，所以此题需要将patience变为其形容词形式。
答案：patient
例2：
原文：Most teens don't know what their mom's favorite is. You do? Then, what are you waiting for? Buy her something she likes and wrap it carefully. The best time to give her that is while she is sleeping at night. Put it on the drawer next to her so that when she wakes up she'll be surprised to see it.
题目：Put it on a drawer next to her to give her a ________.
解析：对比原文，找到不同点即so that when she wakes up she’ll be surprised to see it.表示目的的形式已经转换为to do的结构，主要是将后面的句子变换，可以想到surprise的词组：give sb. a surprise= surprise sb.= sb. be surpried
答案：surprise
例3：
原文：As long as you have studied well, you will be more confident of your chance to succeed in a test.
题目：Your confidence could lead to your in the test.
解析：很明显，原文是“信心增加成功的可能性”，而题目中置于物主代词之后，所以要用名词形式，succeed为动词，名词为success
答案：success
总结归纳
例1：
原文：There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. First, you should have regular sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. You also need to make your bedroom a cool, dark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you. At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as caffeine may keep you from sleeping.
题目：The title: to improve sleep quality:
Have regular sleep habits
Make your bedroom cool, dark and quiet
Don’t drink anything with caffeine at bedtime
解析：总结概括题
答案：Ways/Methods/ Measures/Steps/How
例2：
原文：Nowadays in school life，a lot of students develop a fear of tests. It’s not because tests are something to be afraid of. Most students are afraid of tests mainly because they don’t have enough self-confidence and they don’t always think they are well prepared. If you follow the tips below, it’s not difficult to overcome(克服)your fear of tests.
题目：Title: to overcome your fear of tests
答案：How/Ways

一、 确定阅读任务
　　任务型阅读一般提供一段或几段阅读材料，在材料后设置 5 个任务，做题时我们应先阅读所给的任务，明确任务是什么，再带着任务去阅读材料，这样就能做到心中有数，有针对性的去读，并能提高阅读效率。
　　二、 读全文，了解大意
　　明确任务后，应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容，以及文章的感情基调、作者的意图、态度倾向。
三、仔细阅读题干，带着问题复读原文
要仔细阅读题干（即问题），明白问题的指向。读完问题，就应该能判断出问题的设计是针对一个单词、一句话、一段话，还是全文。试题的题干决定了答题时不同的阅读范围，尤其值得注意。
四、仔细研读细节，答题必须符合题目要求
任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查学生 “ 写 ” 的能力。若是写单词，则要注意拼写正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么样的表达方式，不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。
任务型阅读的主要题型及答题策略：
1 、根据短文回答问题
① 找准相应的段落，节选有用的句子。
② 根据答题需要，把有用的句子进行合理地整合，尽量简洁。
2 、句型转换 ( 主要是复合句与简单句的转换 )
① so…that → too…to → enough to…
② 宾语从句 → 疑问词 + to do
③ 简单句 → 宾语从句
④ 主动、被动互换
⑤ 时间状语从句互换： after+ 从句 → not…until + 从句 , 并列句与复合句转换（尤其是条件状语从句）：
3 、同义句转换
这类题目注意词的 固定搭配、习惯用法 、词语释义。根据释义写文中出现的单词， 注意词性、词形。来源于文章，但要注意变形。 一般而言，名词用单数，动词用原形，形容词与副词一般用原级。
4 、就划线部分提问
这部分题要注意疑问词的运用以及时态的综合运用，平时要注意所学疑问词的具体意思，如： what( 什么 ) ， how( 怎样 ) ， where( 哪里 ) ， how long( 多久 ) ， how often( 多久一次 ) 等等。
5 、概括文章的大意或给文章添加标题
① 从文章中找出能概括文章中心思想的主题句。注意文章的标题、开头与结尾。
② 注意出现频率较高的词，这就很有可能是主题词，通过分析主题词在本文的意义，结合文中主题词所在的一些相关句子，整合出主题句。
总之，任务型阅读理解不同于传统的阅读理解，它介于阅读理解与写作之间，教师应该适应新课改的要求，掌握任务型阅读理解的特点，在复习阶段，可以整合课本中的课文内容进行任务型阅读训练，加强学生任务型阅读能力的培养。
一．（无锡中考）所填单词必须写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。每个空格只能填一个单词。（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
Clothing(服装) is a language. We can look at the traditional clothing to know more about culure.
Africa has a long history and a rich culture, and this is shown in traditional dress. The three colours—red, gold and green, are often used in the clothing. The first colour represents the blood of millions of people who fought for freedom; the second, rich resources of the African earth; and the third, the grassland of home.
Because clothing has strong social meanings, people are very careful in choosing what to wear. It would be a serious mistake to wear the wrong clothes, or to dress in the wrong way. For example, in Ghana, a woman should wear her waistband (腰带) differently according to the importance of the social event.
Traditional dress also tells us about everyday life. African designs are famous for loose (宽松的) clothing. The temperature there can be very high during the daytime but very low at night, so it requires that the clothes are comfortable for daily life.
Today although more and more young people like wearing Western clothes, especially in big cities in Africa, traditional African dress is still quite valuable. This is because it has deep cultural meanings.
Traditional Dress in Africa
Different colours
The three most _____1_____colours used in clothing are red, gold and green.
Different colours______2______ for different things: the blood of freedom fighters, resources of the earth and the grassland of home.
Social meanings
Because clothing has strong social meanings, people have to choose what to wear ______3______.
Women in Ghana even wear different waistbands according to how important the event is.
Everyday life
Because the temperature ______4______ greatly, clothes are usually loose and comfortable.
Though Western clothes are popular with young people in some areas, traditional clothes are still of great ______5______.
这篇文章是关于服饰和文化的关系。主要以非洲的服饰的社会发展史，文章比较简单。
根据第二段第一二两行知red, gold and green 是最important 颜色。
文章中第二段第二行出现了represent 这里是同义词转换 stand for 也是代表的意思。
文章中第三段第一行出现了careful 可知此处应该填carefully
根据文章第四段可知应该填changes
本题查考be + of + n 的用法根据句意应该填value

一．（无锡中考）
Did you know that years have their own colors? Pantone Color Institute is an organization that gives companies advice about color. And every year，it picks one that represents trends (趋势）in international culture.
This year，Pantone’s color is a bright shade of green that it calls “greenery”. Greenery makes people think of nature and growth. The color represents hope of changing one’s life for the better or care for the environment.
Red, orange and yellow are considered “warm” colors while blue，green and purple are “cool” But greenery has elements (元素）of both; it s green, but it also includes a lot of yellow. This makes it able to go well with many other colors.
Pantone’s researchers start choosing the color of the year about nine months before the year begins. They look for a color that is already being used more and more often. To decide the color 〇f the year, they look beyond fashion and home decorating. They study art, movies and lots of other things. They pick one color they expect to stay popular and announce their choice in December for the following year.
You’re likely to see greenery a lot in 2017. When you do, let it encourage you to enjoy nature and start something new.
Title: Greenery, the Color of the 54
Who picked the color?
An organization 55 Pantone Color Institute.
What is the color like?
It includes both green and yellow. so it 56 many other colors.
It represents hope of changing for a better life or care for the environment
57 is the color chosen?
Pantone's researchers start choosing it early each year.
They look for a color that i$ already getting more and
more popular.
They do a lot of research in different areas before they
make the 58
54. Year 55.called 56.matches 57.How 58.decision
二．（无锡中考）
In many children’s stories, a girl meets a prince and falls in love. They get married and live ‘happily ever after’.
As a child, Meghan Markle may never have imagined marrying a prince. But that is exactly what happened on May 19th!
Who is this young lady who just married into Britain’s royal family(王室)？
Meghan Markle was born in Los Angeles, California, in 1981. Her mother, Doria, was a doctor, and her father, Tom, was a television lighting director. For 10 years after school each day, young Meghan spent time at the studio where her father worked. This experience allowed her to become very comfortable with the acting business. For that reason, she knew she wanted to become an actress from a very early age.
As a child, she felt strongly about something else, too: People should be treated equally. This passion(热情)to help others is still a big part of her life today.
Her acting career began in 2002 when she made her first appearance on TV. Other small parts on TV and in a few films followed. Then finally in 2011, Markle got her big break. She won a lead role in the popular TV series Suits.
Title: Meghan Markle - the Actress Who Just 54 a Prince
Meghan Markle 55 Britain's royal family on May 19th.
Background 56
She was born in Los Angeles. California, in 1981.
Her mother was a doctor and her father was a TV lighting director.
She wanted to be an actress when she was very 57 .
Acting career
It started in 2002 when she 58 on TV for the first time.
She played some small parts on TV and in films afterwards.
She got the lead role in the popular TV series Suits in 2011.
54. married 55.joined 56.information 57.young 58.appeared
三．（无锡中考）
Britons are well known for drinking tea. The average (典型的) person in the UK drinks around 1.9 kg of tea every year. That’s around 876 cups of tea. Tea is drunk by all levels of society. But tea does not grow in Britain. Most tea grows in India and China. So, how did it become an important part of British culture?
Tea arrived in London in the 1600s. At this time, British ships were exploring the world and came across the drink in China. It was not long before green tea could be bought from the market. However, it was only for the rich people.
At the beginning of the 1700s, the amount（数量）of tea arriving in Britain increased rapidly . Black tea arrived at this time. At first this tea served exactly as it was in China. They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar, giving the drink a special British colour.
In the 1800s, tea was still a product enjoyed only by people with money. At this time they began to have “afternoon tea”. They drank tea with a snack around 4 pm to avoid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner. It is a still going today but has become less popular in recent times.
Title: 52 and Britain-a short history
Important facts
Drinking tea is an important part of British culture.
The average British drinks about 1.9 kg of tea every year.
Tea is not _____53____ in the UK, but mostly in India and China.
Big events
British ships discovered tea in China while exploring the world and it arrived in London in the 1600s.
Black tea arrived at the beginning of the 1970s and Britons first drank it exactly the same way as the 54 did.
A little milk and sugar were found to be a perfect 55 for black tea and a special British drink was born.
Britons began to have ‘afternoon tea’ in the 1800s and it has 56 a tradition since then.
52. tea 53. grown 54. Chinese 55. colour 56. became
People have been using the wind energy for a long， long time． More than 5，000 years ago， ancient Egyptians made boats powered by the wind． In 200 B．C．， people used windmills （风车） in China．
Today， we collect the wind's energy with wind turbines （涡轮）． A turbine is similar to a windmill；it is a very tall tower with two or three blades （叶片） at the top． These blades are turned by the wind．The blades turn a generator （发电机） located inside the tower， which creates power．
Groups of wind turbines are known as wind farms． Wind farms can be found near farmland，in narrow mountain passes， and even in the ocean， where there are stronger winds．Wind farms create power for nearby homes， schools and other buildings．
In places like the Midwest and along coasts， winds can provide cheap power． Another great advantage of wind power is that it is a clean form of energy． Wind turbines do not burn oil or coal and do not pollute the air．
Wind is not always an ideal source of energy， however． Wind speed changes from time to time， depending on the time of day， weather and location． Wind turbines can be also dangerous for bats and birds．These animals cannot always tell how fast the blades are moving and crash into them．
Title： 　 52 　Energy
Ancient times
People in Egypt made wind﹣powered boats　 53 　5，000 years ago．
People in China used windmills in 200 B．C．
Modern times
It is　 54 　with turbines， which are tall windmill﹣like towers with two or three blades at the top and a generator inside．
The wind turns the blades and the blades tum the generator to create power．
Advantages
Winds produce power at a low　 55 　 in certain areas．
Wind turbines do not cause air pollution．
Disadvantages
Wind speed does not remain at the same　 56 　all the time．
Wind turbines can be dangerous for animals like bats and birds．
52. Wind 53. Over 54. Collected 55. Price 56. Location