2021年中考英语二轮专题复习讲义 第14讲 任务型阅读（一）（含答案）

英语教师讲义
学员姓名： 年 级： 九年级
科目：英语 学科教师：
课程主题：
授课时间：
学习目标
教学内容
重点词汇短语回顾

Did you know that years have their own colors? Pantone Color Institute is an organization that gives companies advice about color. And every year，it picks one that represents trends (趋势）in international culture.
This year，Pantone’s color is a bright shade of green that it calls “greenery”. Greenery makes people think of nature and growth. The color represents hope of changing one’s life for the better or care for the environment.
Red, orange and yellow are considered “warm” colors while blue，green and purple are “cool” But greenery has elements (元素）of both; it s green, but it also includes a lot of yellow. This makes it able to go well with many other colors.
Pantone’s researchers start choosing the color of the year about nine months before the year begins. They look for a color that is already being used more and more often. To decide the color of the year, they look beyond fashion and home decorating. They study art, movies and lots of other things. They pick one color they expect to stay popular and announce their choice in December for the following year.
You’re likely to see greenery a lot in 2017. When you do, let it encourage you to enjoy nature and start something new.
Title: Greenery, the Color of the 54
Who picked the color?
An organization? 55 ?Pantone Color Institute.
What is the color like?
It includes both green and yellow. so it 56 many other colors.
It represents hope of changing for a better life or care for the environment
57 is the color chosen?
Pantone's researchers start choosing it early each year.
They look for a color that is already getting more and
more popular.
They do a lot of research in different areas before they
make the? 58 ?

【答案】54.Year 55.called 56.matches 57.How 58.decision
【解析】
短文大意：每年都有属于自己的颜色，今年的流行色彩是greenery：草木绿，由潘通色卡（PANTONE）享誉世界的色彩权威来挑选。这是一个代表初春时节万物复苏、欣欣向荣的颜色，清新而充满活力。该机构每年很早就开始做诸多调查，进行颜色的挑选。
试题分析：
Year。首先我们要注意到Greenery和Colour都有大写，所以这里我们首先确定要大些。其次，根据第四段“Pantone’s researchers start choosing the color of the year”，并且通篇都在说今年的颜色，故填Year。
根据“Pantone Color Institute is an organization that gives companies advice about color”,这是一个叫潘通色卡的机构，故填called
句意：“这个颜色包含了绿色和黄色，所以它和许多其他颜色都很搭”。根据第三段“This makes it able to go well with many other colors”，go well with=match相配，故填matches
根据左侧表格，可知这个空是填一个疑问词，并且要大些。通过翻译表格右侧，该机构研究者每年很早开始他们的挑选，他们会挑选一个正越来越流行的颜色。所以这个空是在说该机构是如何挑选出这么一个颜色的。故填How。
句意：他们再做选择前会在不同的领域做许多调查。由make the decision，故填decision。
任务型阅读
【知识梳理1】任务型阅读概况
综观近年全国各地的中考试题，“任务型阅读”考查的题型主要有：阅读简答题、阅读填表题，总体上看，它由两部分构成：短文和阅读任务。

【知识梳理2】阅读填表式任务型阅读的题型分类
1. 信息查找，直接获取答案型
解题思路：此类题属于细节题，可以直接在原文中能够找到，问题的题干与原文大致相同，所以所需要的词不需要变换形式，可以直接从文中进行摘抄。
【例题精讲】
例1：
原文：Rewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate(准确的) by changing abbreviations into whole words, symbols into words, and shortened sentences into longer sentences. Use them to answer your questions. If necessary, ask your teacher for help.
题目：Make your notes more complete and accurate to your questions.
解析：原文列举了很多例子去讲解，所以中间的长段可以去掉，直接看到后一句：use them to answer the questions提出目的，所以可以找到动词answer.
答案：answer
例2：
原文：If students earn passing grades in the class and also pass their state driver’s exam, they can begin driving themselves to school.
题目：They can themselves to school when they are over 16 and have passed the required tests.
解析：找到原文they can begin driving而重要的动作其实是drive, 而不在于begin, 由于结构的变化，此处需要将driving变为原形。
答案：drive
例3：
原文：Sometimes we work with the best of motives(动机) only to be disappointed by the result.
题目：Remembering your motives, not your
解析：考查学生对信息的归纳能力，原文中对比motive和result之间关系。
答案：result
2. 信息转换，间接获取答案型
此类题在实际做题环节时应注意根据问题查找定位信息，但这些信息仅为线索或某种提示并非最终答案，一定记得加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式，方为正确答案。
常见的转换方式：
1)词性转换
名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类间的转化；
在初中范围内，常见的词性转换为：
A）名词变为形容词：
★加y:
直接加y: health---healthy; frost---frosty; rain---rainy; difficult—difficulty;
双写为字母加y: sun---sunny; fog---foggy;
去e加y: noise---noisy
★加ful或者less:
hope---hopeful/hopeless; meaning---meaningful/meaningless; wonder---wonderful; cheer---cheerful; colour---colouful; cheer---cheerful; success---successful;
end---endless;
B）形容词变为副词：
★直接加ly: careful---carefully; beautiful---beautifully; bad---badly; excited---excitedly;
★以y结尾将y变为ily: angry---angrily; heavy---heavily; noisy---noisily; happy---happily;
★以le结尾将le变为ly: comfortable---comfortably; possible---possibly; simple---simply;
★去e加ly: true---truly.
C）动词/形容词变为名词：
★加ment:
agree—agreement; treat---treatment; advertise---advertisement; punish---punishment;
improve---improvement; develop---development;
★加ion:
collect---collection; donate---donation; educate---education; organize---organization; invent---invention;
★加ness:
rich---richness; kind---kindness; ill---illness; ugly---ugliness; sick---sickness;sad--sadness
批注：此处需要注意，有一些以e结尾的单词，加上ion时需要去掉e加ion; 以y结尾的单词加上ness时需要去y为i再加ness.
D）动词变为形容词：
★加ed/ ing:
surprise--- surprising/ surprised; excite---exciting/ excited; tire---tiring/ tired; please---pleasing(pleasant)/ pleased;
【例题精讲】
例1：
原文：Don't wave your hands to the waiters. Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. But in France some bread and water will come first, then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm(节奏) of the restaurant. Have enough patience(耐心)!
题目：Englishmen can’t be ________ enough for meals while Frenchmen can.
解析：找到原文enough的位置，可知此题考查的本质其实是enough的用法：形容名副后，所以此题需要将patience变为其形容词形式。
答案：patient
例2：
原文：Most teens don't know what their mom's favorite is. You do? Then, what are you waiting for? Buy her something she likes and wrap it carefully. The best time to give her that is while she is sleeping at night. Put it on the drawer next to her so that when she wakes up she'll be surprised to see it.
题目：Put it on a drawer next to her to give her a ________.
解析：对比原文，找到不同点即so that when she wakes up she’ll be surprised to see it.表示目的的形式已经转换为to do的结构，主要是将后面的句子变换，可以想到surprise的词组：give sb. a surprise= surprise sb.= sb. be surpried
答案：surprise
例3：
原文：As long as you have studied well, you will be more confident of your chance to succeed in a test.
题目：Your confidence could lead to your in the test.
解析：很明显，原文是“信心增加成功的可能性”，而题目中置于物主代词之后，所以要用名词形式，succeed为动词，名词为success
答案：success
例4：
原文：Self-respect is a very important part of a great life.
题目：Keeping a sense of self-respect is of great to a great life.
解析：此处置于冠词后需要加名词，进行important和importance的转换。
答案：importance
例5：
原文：If we look for good qualities in other people, it is easier to remember the good qualities in ourselves.
题目：Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more .
解析：结合语法句法知识，it’s easier to do sth.=do sth. more easily。
答案：easily
例6：
原文：Why do we need sleep? Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question. However, tests have shown that lack(缺少) of sleep over about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature, great weight loss and finally, sickness.
题目：Why do we need sleep? Nobody can answer the question ________.
解析：仔细阅读原文，可得原文信息词Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question.
经过分析语法及句法，然后结合问题，得出正确答案。
答案：correctly
2)词意转换
词汇转换包括同义词、反义词等功能替代型转换；
初中范围内（牛津教材）出现的：
A) 在单词前加上否定前缀构成形容词的反义词：
★一般情况下，在形容词前加un:
e.g.: necessary---unnecessary; welcome---unwelcome; comfortable---uncomfortable;
★几种特殊情况，需要再形容词前加in; ir; im; dis等：
e.g.: 加in-: active---inactive; correct---incorrect;
加ir-: regular---irregular;
加im-: possible---impossible; patient---impatient; polite---impolite;
加dis-: honest---dishonest;
B) 常见的反义词：
cheap---expensive; long---short; same---different; hot---cold; happy---sad; fast---slow; easy---difficult;
generous---selfish; modest---proud; strong---weak; hardworking---lazy; clever---silly; remember---forget.
C) 常见的同义词：
happiness=joy; strong= powerful; sad= unhappy; afraid= worried; energetic= lively; calm= relaxed;
influence= affect; know= realize; need= require; hope= wish
【例题精讲】
例1：
原文：Be sure to remember the following safety tips.
题目：Don’t _______ the safety tips if you find yourself in the path of a hurricane.
解析：主要考查remember的反义词形式。
答案：forget
例2：
原文： If your mind is full of problems in the past, you will always feel ashamed and sad.
题目：Don’t let your mind filled the mistakes in the past
解析：考查be full of 的同义词be filled with
答案： with
例3：
原文： It isn’t right to feel better by putting others down.
题目：It is to feel better by putting others down.
解析：考察not right的同义词=wrong
答案：wrong
3)句子结构转换
语法匹配 (to, -ing, -ed, 主被动语态的转换)、连词、介词的运用、固定句型、同义句等都属于句子结构转换的内容。
例1：
原文：Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them.
题目：Do something to attract the attention
解析：原文make the waiters pay attention to them“使得侍者们能够注意到他们”换为主动的“吸引注意”而这个注意力应该是侍者所给予的。
答案：waiters’
例2：
原文：Students must spend a lot of time learning another language.
题目：It Chinese students too much time to learn a foreign language.
解析：考察同义句型：sb. spend some time doing= it takes sb. some time to do
答案：takes
3. 信息归纳题，综合概括获答案
根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征包括：概括性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)、针对性（量体裁衣，大小适度)、醒目性（简洁）。
常见概括性词汇有以下几类，需要学生掌握：
原因：cause(s) / reason(s)
结果/结论： result(s) / /conclusion(s)
目的：purpose/ aim
建议提示： advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s)
问题：problem(s) /trouble
方式方法：method(s) /means/ way(s) / manner/ solution(s)
措施行动：measure/action
特性，特点：characteristics/ feature
好处/坏处：advantage(s)/ disadvantage(s)
主题：theme(s) / topic(s) / subject(s)
数字/数据：data/ figure(s)
种类：type(s) / kind(s) /
形势/情形： situation(s) / condition(s)/ case(s)
重要性/意义：importance(s) / meaning(s)
【例题精讲】
例1：
题目：Statistics (统计) about school kids’ not having breakfast
Reasons---They stay up late at night to study and want to stay in bed for a few more minutes.
______ ----They can’t listen carefully in class. They feel sleepy all day.
Suggestions----The morning meal is necessary, for it provides much energy.
解析：仔细阅读上下文，通过上下文语意、逻辑关系可得到正确答案。
答案： Results
例2：
原文：Music provides a kind of ability to know the world in a different way. Science explains how the sun rises and sets. Music explores the emotive meanings. We need every possible way to discover and response to our world because no one way can get it all.
题目：A way to know the world:
We can’t discover and respond to our world in just one way. Science explains how nature ______.
答案：works
例3：
原文：Music is a form of thought, as powerful as science. It is a way we human beings “talk” to each other. Through the language we express our feelings, our discoveries, our ideas, our imagination and our hopes so that they can be shared with others. When we do not let our children receive good music education, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses. Science does not tell us what it means to be human. Music does.
题目：Music, from science, tells us what it means to be human.
解析：考查学生的总结概括以及固定搭配，文章倒数第二段最后一句主要讲科学和音乐的差异，要表示差异不同的意思，又因为题中有from，所以我们想到用different
答案：different
感受中考
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后第1-5小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
　　（2015年.无锡）A "blog"is a shortened name for a'web log". People write blogs about all kinds of things, from news and events to hobbies and reviews. Some people use them just as a simple record of what they have done.
“Blogging" has become very popular as more and more people use the Internet. New technologies have made keeping a blog an easy thing to do, so millions of people now have their own blogs. They are usually free to set up and are easy to update. You can upload pictures onto a blog and link to other websites. To many people, these features make blogs much more useful than traditional diaries.
We are now able to send texts, pictures and videos from our mobile phones directly onto the Web. New technologies like this are making blogging even easier, People also think that blogs are better than newspapers for finding out about news, events and opinions. They like to use blogs because they can get information from everywhere. It looks like blogs are going to become one of the most important ways to find and share information in the near future.
答案：1．short 2．diary 3．increasing 4．How 5.soon
一．阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填写表格，每空限填一词
For many Chinese people, potatoes are considered as a kind of vegetable. But in the future, this will no longer be the case. Potatoes will be added to China’s list of food products, like rice, wheat and corn. And potato starch(淀粉) will be mixed into bread, steamed buns(馒头) and noodles to suit Chinese people’s tastes and eating habits.
In fact, potato is more than just a main food of diet in America．In many ways，it's an integral（不可或缺的）part of the American pop culture．
"Mashed Potato Dance"began in 1962．The name of the dance came from the song，Mashed Potato time．American R﹠B singer Dee Dee Sharp this song．The move（舞步） is something like the Twist dance style．
"Hot Potato!"is an action puzzle video game released（发行）road of alien potato beings at the same time．The potato beings are either red or blue，when two like-coloured potatoes touch each other，they disappear．Over the years，this game has been welcomed by many players，especially children．
"Mr Potato Head"is an American toy invented by George Lerner in 1949．The toy is made up of a plastic potato model and plastic like hands，feet，ears and a mouth．In 1952，this toy became the first toy advertised on television．
Potatoes in China
?Many Chinese people consider potatoes as kind of vegetable.
?In the future, bread, steamed buns and noodles with some potato starch will ___1____ at dinner table as main food.
Potatoes in America
?A kind of main food of diet
?An integral part of pop _____2___
Mashed Potato Dance
?Its name came from the song, Mashed Potato Time, __3___ by Dee Dee Sharp.
? The move of the dance is something like the Twist dance style.
Hot Potato
?The game has been played since the ___4__ of the 21st century.
?The players have to obey the rules.
?The game is ____5__ among children.
Mr Potato Head
?The inventor was George Lerner.
?The toy is made up of a plastic potato model and parts.
?It was the first toy advertised on TV.
答案：appear culture sung beginning popular
二．阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填写表格，每空限填一词
FUN WITH COOKIE
Paul: “I have been working for this company for ten years, however they chose the new guy for promotion (升职) over me.”
Julia: “Well, that’s just the way the cookie breaks into pieces.”
This is an informal expression that means bad things happen in life and there is nothing you can really do to prevent it. It’s not worth getting sad; you should just try and accept it calmly.
Of course in the UK we would generally use the word “biscuit” instead of cookie when talking about those hard baked, sweet, flat cakes which are so popularly eaten with a cup of tea. Cookie is originally a Dutch term meaning little cake and has spread to the United States because of immigration (移民) from Holland.
Also in the US we can find “fortune cookies” which are usually served with Chinese food. However they are almost unknown in mainland China and were invented in California by Asian immigrants. They are crisp cookies with pieces of paper inside, on which are written clever sayings, prophecies (预言) or words of wisdom.
A Cookie in computing is a collection of information which is used by websites to know users who have visited the site before. They are stored on your computer when you use the Internet, and also you will find the websites you used easily.
A cookie can also be a person. A tough cookie is unemotional (冷漠的) and a hard businessman while a smart cookie is sharp, clever and not easily fooled.
Biscuit and cookie is just one example of the difference between British and American words.
It is fun to know what “COOKIE” 52_______in different ways
An informal
expression
● It means that we can’t stop something bad happening in life, we’d better
accept it in 53_____________.
“Biscuit” or
“Cookie”
● Englishmen usually eat “biscuits” at teatime.
● Cookie is first used by the people from Holland.
● Later, Americans don’t use “biscuits”, they use cookies 54________.
Fortune cookie
● Fortune cookies have pieces of paper inside with clever sayings, prophecies (预言) or words of wisdom.
A Cookie in
computing
● When people use computers, some information is 55. _______and stored on their computers.
● With the help of cookies, Users will have no difficulty finding the websites again next time.
To describe a
person
● If somebody does business 56________kindness, he is a tough cookie.
● If somebody often gets a high score in exams, he must be a smart cookie.
答案：
52. Means 53. peace/calm 54. Instead 55. Collected 56. without
三．阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填写表格，每空限填一词
We usually have a good mood if we sleep enough at night. Otherwise, sometimes we will feel sad.
What's more, sleep also influences our study or work.
You might be asleep but part of your brain is not. It's carefully keeping time for you. In the morning,
a thing called PER is released (释放), which slowly wakes you up, often right before your alarm clock
is set to go off. Sleep-talking can include some broken noises or complete sentences. About 5 percent of
adults do it. It happens to children more often. And fever, stress, worries or sadness may lead to it.
Most people grind (磨碎) their teeth while they are asleep, at least sometimes. An unusual bite or
even sleep apnea (窒息) may lead to this habit. Most people aren't aware (意识到的) of this until the doctor tells
them. If you harm your teeth at night, your dentist can give you a mouth guard to prevent it.
You think you're resting, but your brain is doing some serious housekeeping every single night.
While you are asleep, your brain clears out some memories and organizes others again. The brain also
cleans itself and moves away unnecessary and harmful things.
Your muscles (肌肉) are frozen for part of every night. In fact, it's okay to be paralyzed (瘫痪的)
during sleep. During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, your brain is busy dreaming. To prevent
yourself from acting to the dreams, our body's muscles will be paralyzed. It's possible to wake up during
the end of this cycle and be awake but unable to move. These usually pass quickly.
Each night you lose about a pound because of the water vapor (蒸汽) while breathing. So it is the
most pleasant for you to weigh yourself in the morning. Take advantage of it!
What our bodies are __________ (52) with at night
Importance of sleep
Sleep influences our work, study as well as our moods.
Keeping time
& talking
● PER can often slowly wake you up right before the alarm clock.
● Fever, stress, worries or sadness can __________ (53) sleep-talking.
Grinding teeth
Most people don't ____________ (54) this until the doctor tells them.
Cleaning your brain
The brain cannot only clear out but also organize some memories.
Getting paralyzed
● You don't act to the dreams while being paralyzed.
● It's okay for muscles to be paralyzed, but it won't _____________ (55)
Dropping pounds
You will be a little __________( 56) if you weigh yourself in the morning.
答案：
52. busy 53. cause 54. realize 55. last 56. lighter
四．阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填写表格，每空限填一词。
We live in a world full of many different kinds of people. We want to get along well with others. We also want to be liked by others, The following ways will make others like you.
Do This and You’ll Be Welcome Anywhere
Become really interested in other people. A show of interest must be true. It must bring good results to the person showing the interest, but also to the person receiving the attention. It is a two-way street—both of you get an advantage.
A Simple Way to Make a Good First Impression（印象）
Smile as often as possible. Your smile is a sign of kindness. When someone feels stressed from his or her teachers or parents, your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds, your smile can help him or her realize that all is hopeful—that there is still joy in the world.
If You Don’t Do This, You Are Getting into Trouble
Remember a person’s name. A person’s name is the sweetest and the most important sound in any language. We should realize the magic in a name. The name makes the person different from others; it makes him or her special among all others. If you remember a person’s name, the relationship between both of you will become much closer.
Be a careful listener first. Ask questions that other persons will like to answer. Encourage them to talk about themselves and their achievements. What you need to do is just to listen, because people are much more interested in themselves.
Title how to make people like you
Become really interested in others
Your show of interest must be true.
It must (1) good results to both of you.
Smile as often as possible
Your smile is a sign of kindness .
Your smile makes others (2) that all is hopeful.
Remember a person’s name
A person’s name makes him or her different from others.
A person’s name is the sweetest and the most important sound in any language.
Listen (3) first
You ask questions that others enjoy (4) .
They are (5) to talk about themselves and their achievements.
【答案】
1.bring 2..realize /think /feel /consider / understand / aware 3.carefully / attentively 4.answering 5.encouraged