中考专题复习之名词

(共45张PPT)
题型：单项选择、完形填空，
看图短文填空、作文
名词的数及名词的所有格
中考考查形式：
热点考点：
2009广东中考第27小题
---Could you take ____ for these _____
They are very beautiful.
A. any photos ; tomatoes
B. some photos ; tomatoes
C. some photos ; tomatos
D. Any photos ; tomatoes
有生命加es
无生命加s
2010年广东中考第26小题
Look! The kites in the sky are in different_____.Some are big and some are small.
A. size B. sizes C. colour D. colours
2011年广东中考第26小题
---I hear you run for half an hour every
day.
---Right, we have to. It’s one of the
_______ in our school.
A. rules B. plans
C. hobbies D. choices
-- I have great _____ in learning
English and I’m so worried.
Could you help me
-- Sure, I’d love to.
A. trouble B. interest
C. joy D. fun
展望2012 Miss Ge预测

什么叫名词？
表示人、事物或抽象概念名称的词就叫名词。
如：boy，girl, desk, America等。

CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI
CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI
普通名词
可数名词：在可数名词中，表示个体的人或事物的名词为个体名词；表示一群人或事物的名词为集体名词。
不可数名词：在不可数名词中，无法分辨为个体的名词为物质名词；表示状态、品质、感情的名词为抽象名词。
（二）名词的分类：
名
词
专有名词：表示人、地方、机构、事务组织等专用名称的词。有的专有名词带冠词，有的专有名词不带冠词。
（三）名词的数：
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
A flower
flowers
找规律
watch
es
factory-
factories
leaf -- leaves
box
es
1. 一般名词直接加__，如 girl-____, apple-____, place-____, umbrella-______
2. 以字母s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词，在词尾加____，如 box-_____, class-____,
watch-____, fox-______
s
es
3. 以字母f, fe结尾的名词，把f, fe变___，再加es，如 life-____, knife-____,
wolf-____, leaf-_______,scarf_____
giraffe-_________
4. “辅音+y”，y变___，再加es，如 baby-____, family-____, factory-_____
“元音+y”， y不变，直接加S
boys, monkeys
v
i
找规律
tomatoes
potatoes
heroes
黑人英雄喜欢吃西红柿和土豆
Negroes, heroes , potatoes, tomatoes
radios
photos
找规律
zoos
pianos
5. 以o结尾的名词，无生命的加s，有生命的es，但 kangaroo
和 bamboo除外，只加S
Peter 弹着钢琴（piano),听着收音机(radio),又去动物园（zoo)和袋鼠（kangaroo)照相(photo),最后考试得了个大鸭蛋（zero)。
中考实战演练：
Ten ________ were ill, but no _________ were lost.
A. child, lives B. children, life
C. children, lives D. child, life
不规则变化
child--children
woman--women
deer
sheep
man--men
goose--geese
名词复数的不规则构成如下：
男人女人a变e，如 man-men, woman-women,
鸭(牙）脚鹅掌oo变ee，
如tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese
鱼鹿绵羊人不变，fish, deer, sheep, people
特殊单词特殊记 mouse-mice, child-children
记忆口诀： 中日友好人不变，
英法同盟a变e，余国词尾s添。
Chinese- Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
Englishman-Englishmen,
Frenchman-Frenchmen
中考实战演练：
---How many _______ can you
see on the farm, Maria
---Five.
A. monkey B. sheep
C. goose D. animal
a bottle of juice
a glass of orange
two boxes of milk
不可数名词
不可数名词：
不可数名词一般没有复数形式，不能和a, an连用，但这些名词可以和some(一些), any(任何，一些), no(没有), little(一点), a little(一些)连用。
也不能直接用数来计量，但可以用量词短语进行量化，形式为：数词+量词+of +不可数名词，常用的量词有：piece, cup, bottle, bag, glass, drop...... 如
a piece of news 一条新闻，two pieces of paper 两张纸，a bottle of water 一瓶水，twenty glasses of milk
中考实战演练：
--Help yourself to some ______, Lucy.
--Thank you, I will.
A. fish B. fishes
C. the cakes D. egg
( ) 1. （2010年广东茂名）
What ________ it is today!
A. fine day B. a fine weather
C. fine weather D. fine days
( ) 2. （2010年广东湛江）
--- What’s the date tomorrow
--- It’s March 8th, _____ Day.
A. Woman B. Women
C. Woman’s D. Women’s
中考，你准备好了吗？
( )3. （2011年江苏无锡）
–Excuse me, where can I exchange____
--There is a bank on the second floor.
A. books B. food C. money D. stamps
( )4. （2011年四川资阳）
–- You look so healthy!
---Yeah, I like eating apples. An apple a
day keeps the _____ away.
A. teacher B. worker
C. farmer D. doctor
5. （2011.江苏）
He has poor ____, so he can’t see the words
on the blackboard clearly.
A. smell B. taste C. hearing D. eyesight
6. （2011.河北）
Coco enjoys dancing. It’s one of her____
A. prize B. prizes C. hobby D. hobbies
（五）名词的句法功能：
名词在句中可充当主语、表语、定语、宾语和宾语补足语等。
Maria cuts the meat very finely. (做 语)
Mr. Wang is a teacher. (做 语)
Where did you spend your summer holiday (做 语)
My mother always makes cakes for us. (做 语)
I find him a clever boy. (做 ____ 语)
主
表
定
宾
宾补
名词作定语修饰词多用单数，如 两辆日本小汽车 two Japanese cars，十棵苹果树 ten apple trees
由man和woman构成的合成名词，前后都用复数形式，如 三个男医生 three men doctors, 两个女教师 two women teachers
名词短语作定语多用单数和连字符一起表示，如 一个两天的周末 a two-day weekend， 一个七岁的男孩 _____________
注意：名词作定语分下面几种情况
a seven-year old boy
看我“七十二变”
friend
friendly
love
lovely
常具有赞美的意味
care
help
colour
ful
具有……的性质
cloud
sun
wind
rain
health
y
表示充满……的
care
hope
less
没有……的
danger
ous
wood---wooden
wool---woolen
China---Chinese
Japan---Japanese
Australia---Australian
形容词
看例题识所有格
1. Beijing is the capital of China.
4. She is the two boys’ mother.
……的
名词所有格：
英语中许多有生命的名词可以加-'s表示所有关系，这种形式称为名词所有格。无生命的所有关系用of表示。
以_s结尾的复数名词所有格，一般在末尾加_'，如 教师节 Teachers' Day，学生们的书 the students’ books，女孩们的裙子 ______________
但不以_s结尾的复数名词所有格，一般 在末尾加_’s，如 儿童医院 _______________________，
女士的鞋 women’s shoes，
the girls’ dresses
The children’s hospital
如果为两人共有的某物，只在最后一个名词尾加_'s，如果为两人各自所有，则需在每个名词尾都加_'s。
1. This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.
2. Bob and Lucy’s sister is a nurse.
3. These are Tom’s and Lily’s bags.
还有一些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词也在词尾加_'s或_' 构成所有格，如 二十分钟的路程 twenty minutes’ walk，今天的新闻 today’s news 地球表面 the earth’s surface
还有直接用省略名词的所有格表示一个地点，如 去王叔叔家 to Uncle Wang’ s，在医生的办公室 at the doctor’s
“of +所有格”这种双重所有格也可表示所属关系，如 :我妈妈的一个朋友
a friend of my mother's
He is a friend of my brother’s.
中考模拟考试：
1.-- Excuse me! Can you tell me if I can get some medicine in this shop
--Oh, sorry. This shop sells clothes.
A. child's and woman's
B. children and women's
C. children's and women
D. children's and women's
四、延伸拓展
2. This shop sells _______ clothes.
A. child's B. children's
C. children D. child
指点迷津
Ten years ______(is ,are) short time for me.
A pair of shoes ______(is, are) under the bed.
The number of the students in our school _____(is ,are) 2,000.
The woman with two children ______( is ,are ) coming here.
Neither he nor I _____(are, am ) an American.
is
is
is
is
am
指点迷津
6. Maths ______(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.
7. They are all _______________( woman, teachers ; women teachers).
8. The population of China _______(are, is ) over 1,300,000,000.
9. There are many ______(peoples, people )in the street in summer.
10. One of the students ______(have, has) gone to Shanghai.
is
is
women teachers
people
has
1.Several _____ are talking under the tree．And there are______.
A．woman;children B．woman;child C．women;children
2.—How far is your school from here？
—Not very far．It's about twenty walk.（2000杭州）
A．minute's B．minutes C．minutes'
3. There are three in my family. (2004长春）
A. people B. person C. child
4. Most students can go to college for further in our city.
A. education B. information C. science
5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much.
A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Jane’s C.Ann’s and Jane’s
C
C
A
A
B
( ) 1. Please give me ______ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 2. This table is made of_______. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass ( ) 3.Bill runs fast. He won the _____ 800-metre race yesterday.
A．boys B．boys’ C．boy D．Boy’s . ( ) 4. Some ______ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 5. In the picture there are many______ and two_______. A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes
C. sheep; foxes D. sheep;foxs
D
D
B
A
C
选择填空：
( ) 6. This is not my cap, but my _______.
A. brothers B. brother’s C. brothers’ D. brother
( )7.They write most of their_______ in English.
A. business letter B. business letters
C. businesses D. businesses letters
( ) 8. _____are____for cutting things. A. Knife, used B. Knives, using
C. Knife, using D. Knives, used
(　 ) 9. John bought_____for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes
( ) 10.Excuse me, where is the______ A. men's room B. mens' room
C. men's rooms D. men rooms
B
B
D
A
A
根据所给单词的正确形式填空：
1. Different people may have different _____. (idea)
2. I often go to work on . (foot)
3. I know one of the . (boy)
4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)
5. Please give them their . (photo)
6. Are there any in the box (watch)
7. There are twelve in a year. (month)
8. Would you like some (tomato)
9. Look at those in the boats! (people)
10. Look! The are singing. (woman)
11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)
12. Jim has some . (knife)
13. How much are these (vegetable)
14. My school is twenty ________ walk from here. (minute)
15. The girl under the tree is a friend of________. (Lucy)
ideas
foot
boys
glasses
photos
watches
months
tomatoes
people
women
Teachers’
knives
vegetables
minutes’
Lucy’s