(共28张PPT)
人教新目标版
八年级下
Section
A
Grammar
Focus-4c
现在完成时2公开课
Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
a
museum
?
I
have
been
to
a
history
museum.
A
has
been
to
a
history
museum.
I
have
been
to
a
science
museum.
A
has
been
to
a
history
museum.
B
has
been
to
a
science
museum.
I
have
been
to
…
…
Warming-up
Chain
game:Talk
about
these
places
you
have
been
to.
Grammar
Focus
Have
you
ever
been
to
a
science
museum？
Yes,
I’ve
been
to
a
science
museum./No,
I’ve
never
been
to
a
science
museum.
Have
you
ever
visited
the
space
museum？
Yes,
I
have.
I
went
there
last
year./No,
I
haven’t.
I’ve
been
to
the
art
museum
many
times.
Me,
too.
And
I’ve
also
visited
the
nature
museum.
I’ve
never
been
to
a
water
park.
Me
neither.
现在完成时：助动词have/has
+
过去分词done
Presentation
Read
loudly.
Have
you
ever
been
to
a
science
museum?
Yes,
I’ve
been
to
a
science
museum./
No,
I’ve
never
been
to
a
science
museum.
Have
you
ever
visited
the
space
museum?
Yes,
I
have.
I
went
there
last
year./
No,
I
haven’t.
I’ve
been
to
the
art
museum
many
times.
Me,
too.
And
I’ve
also
visited
the
nature
museum.
I’ve
never
been
to
a
water
park.
Me
neither.
Find
adverbs
and
adverbial
phrases
used
with
the
present
perfect
tense.
1.现在完成时表示经历的用法
现在完成时常用have
been
to（去过），ever（曾
经），never（从没）等表示经历。
have
/
has
been
to：表示去过某地，可以与never,
ever,
just,
once等连用。
例：Mr.
Smith
has
ever
been
to
China
three
times.
史密斯先生曾去过中国三次。
现在完成时（2）
现在完成时（2）
一、现在完成时中的
ever
和
never
①
ever
的含义及用法
ever
作副词，意为“曾经”，常用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中，位于助动词
have/has
之后、过去分词之前。
Have
you
ever
seen
anything
like
it?
你曾见过像它这样的东西吗?
I
don't
think
I
have
ever
been
here
before.
我觉得我以前从未到过这里。
②
never
的含义及用法
never
作副词，意为“从不；从未”，常用于现在完成时中，表示否定含义，常与before连用，位于助动词
have/has
之后、过去分词之前。
I
have
never
lost
the
weight
I
put
on
in
my
teens.
我在十几岁时增加的体重从没减下去过。
I?have?never?travelled?by?plane?before.
我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。?
Have
you
ever
been
to
a
science
museum?
Yes,
I’ve
been
to
a
science
museum./
No,
I’ve
never
been
to
a
science
museum.
Have
you
ever
visited
the
space
museum?
Yes,
I
have.
I
went
there
last
year./
No,
I
haven’t.
I’ve
been
to
the
art
museum
many
times.
Me,
too.
And
I’ve
also
visited
the
nature
museum.
I’ve
never
been
to
a
water
park.
Me
neither.
Find
sentences
using
the
structure
“have/has
been
to”.
What
do
they
mean?
Have
Been
to
V.S.
Have
Gone
to
?have
(has)?been?to
意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与
just,?ever,?never
等连用。
如：I've?just?been?to?the?post?office.?我刚才去邮局了。???
Have?you?ever?been?to?Hangzhou??你曾经去过杭州吗？
Mary?has?never?been?to?the?Great?Wall.?玛丽从未去过长城。???
二、have/has
been
to
与
have/has
gone
to
的区别
注意：1.have
(has)?been?to?后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。
如：I've?been?to?Beijing?three?times.?我去过北京三次。???
They?have?been?to?that?village?several?times.?他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
2.若其后接表示地点的副词（如here,
there,
home等），则省略其中的介词to。
如：I
have
been
there
only
once
this
year.
我今年只去过那儿一次。
I’ve
never
been
here
before.
我以前从来没来过这里。
?have
(has)?gone?to?意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。
如:
—Where?is?Tom??汤姆在哪里？??
—He?has?gone?to?the?bookshop.
他到书店去了。
注意：若have/
has
been
to或have
/
has
gone
to后接副词，则省略to。
He
has
been
abroad
many
times.
他多次出国。
He
has
gone
home.
他回家去了。
?have
(has)?been?in?意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
Mr.?Brown?has?been?in?Shanghai?for?three?days.?
布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。???
They?have?been?in?Canada?for?five?years.?他们到加拿大有五年了。?
中考链接
－Ben
and
Sue
aren’t
home,
are
they?
－No.
They
_____
to
London
on
business.
（江西）
A.
have
gone
B.
go
C.
have
been
D.
will
go
They
______
England
and
they
will
be
back
next
week.
（四川）
A.
have
gone
to
B.
have
been
to
C.
have
gone
in
D.
has
been
on
A
A
（张家界中考）—
____
you
ever
____
the
history
museum,
Paul?
—
No,
I
haven’t.
A.
Do;
visit
B.
Did;
visit
C.
Have;
visited
（哈尔滨中考）—
Hi,
Tom!
____
you
ever
____
the
Bird's
Nest?
—
Yes,
I
have.
It’s
fantastic.
A.
Have;
been
to
B.
Have;
gone
to
C.
Did;
go
to
中考链接
C
A
1.
A:
Do
you
want
__________
(come)
to
the
space
museum?
B:
No,
I've
already
__________
(be)
there
three
times.
2.
A:
Have
you
__________
(see)
the
robots
at
the
science
museum?
B:
Yes,
I
_________
(go)
there
last
weekend.
3.
A:
Let’s
__________
(spend)
the
day
at
the
zoo.
B:
Well,
I've
already
__________
(be)
there
a
couple
of
times,
but
I’m
happy_______
(go)
again.
Put
the
correct
forms
of
the
verbs
in
the
blanks.
4a
to
come
been
seen
went
spend
been
to
go
两个；一对；几个
Tip:
Find
the
key
words
to
identify
which
form
to
use.
4.
A:
How
about
__________
(go)
to
the
art
museum?
There
are
some
special
German
paintings
there
right
now.
B:
Sure.
When
do
you
want
__________
(go)?
5.
A:
Have
you
ever
__________
(visit)
the
history
museum?
B:
No,
I've
never
__________
(be)
there.
going
to
go
visited
been
adj.
德国的；德语的；德国人的
n.
德语；德国人
Language
points
a
couple
of
两个；一对；几个
Point
1.
Well,
I've
already
been
there
a
couple
of
times,
but
I’m
happy
to
go
again.(教材P68
4a)
a
couple
of
后跟可数名词复数。a
couple
of...
作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
There
are
a
couple
of
shoes
in
my
bedroom,
but
they
are
not
a
pair.
A
couple
of
monkeys
are
playing
in
the
tree.
German
adj.
德国的；德语的；德国人的
n.
德语；德国人
Point
2.
There
are
some
special
German
paintings
there
right
now.
(教材P68
4a)
①
German
在此处作形容词，意为“德国的”。
German
cars
are
different
from
ours.
②
German
作形容词，还可意为“德语的；德国人的”。
I
find
German
grammar
is
very
difficult.
③
German
还可作名词。作不可数名词时，意为“德语”；作可数名词时，意为“德国人”，其复数形式为
Germans。
I
know
a
little
German.
There
are
a
few
Germans
in
our
school.
【拓展延伸】Germany
作名词，意为“德国”。
My
best
friend
comes
from
Germany.
区分：
Englishman→Englishmen
Frenchman→Frenchmen
German→Germans
Chinese→Chinese
Japanese→Japanese
What
is
the
theme
of
Disneyland?
Disney
characters
and
movies.
What
can
you
do
on
a
Disney
Cruise?
You
can
take
a
ride
on
the
boat
for
several
days
and
eat
and
sleep
on
it.
On
the
boat,
you
can
shop
and
have
Disney
parties
before
you
arrive
at
the
Disney
island.
Read
the
passage
in
4b
and
answer
the
questions.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
correct
forms
of
the
verbs
in
brackets.
4b
Most
of
us
_________
(see)
Mickey
Mouse,
Donald
Duck
and
other
famous
Disney
characters
in
cartoons
before.
But
have
you
ever
_________
(be)
to
Disneyland?
Disneyland
________
(be)
an
amusement
park
with
a
special
theme
—
Disney
characters
and
movies.
There
_________
(be)
many
exciting
rides,
lovely
restaurants
and
fantastic
gift
shops
there.
have
seen
been
is
are
n.
主题
n.
供乘骑的游乐设施；
短途旅程
Tip:
Find
the
key
words
to
identify
which
tense
to
use.
You
can
also
_________
(see)
the
Disney
characters
walking
around
the
park.
And
have
you
ever
_________
(hear)
of
a
Disney
Cruise?
This
_________
(be)
a
boat
ride
with
a
Disney
theme.
You
can
_________
(take)
a
ride
on
the
boat
for
several
days
and
eat
and
sleep
on
it.
On
the
boat,
you
can
_________
(shop)
and
have
Disney
parties
before
you
_________
(arrive)
at
the
Disney
island.
see
heard
is
take
shop
arrive
Every
year,
millions
of
people
enjoy
taking
vacations
on
cruise
ships.
These
ships
are
like
giant
floating
hotels.
They
travel
on
the
ocean
visiting
several
different
countries
and
cities.
The
passengers
sleep
on
the
ship
in
rooms
like
hotel
rooms
while
the
ship
sails
from
place
to
place.
Every
morning,
they
are
able
to
leave
their
ship
for
a
day
of
sight-seeing
and
shopping
before
going
back
to
the
ship
for
an
evening
meal
and
entertainment.
Then
the
ship
moves
to
the
next
location,
and
the
passengers
can
be
tourists
in
a
new
place
without
having
to
pack
their
bags
or
change
hotels.
Culture
Focus
Cruise
ships
Answer
the
survey
questions
and
then
ask
your
partner.
4c
Have
you
ever
…
You
Your
partner
been
to
another
province
in
China?
lost
something
important?
n.
省份
Ask
your
own
questions.
Australia
Egypt
France
Italy
UK
USA
Groupwork
1.
Work
in
groups
of
six.
2.
Choose
one
of
the
countries
above.
3.
In
your
group,
everyone
comes
up
with
three
places
of
interest/
famous
attractions
in
the
country
you
have
chosen.
4.
Make
conversations
about
the
places
in
your
list,
using
the
structure
have
been
to.
谢谢
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Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
a
museum?
SectionA
Grammar
focus-4c
导学案
【学习目标】
1.学习掌握下列词汇：a
couple
of
German
theme
ride
province
2.进一步复习巩固学习Section
A
部分所学的生词和词组。
3.复习和学习现在完成时态的用法。
①含been,
ever,
never的现在完成时
②have/has
been
to，have/has
gone
to；have/has
been
in的区别。
③现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
能够准确使用多种时态谈论自己的经历。
【教学重难点】
1.
教学重点：
1).现在完成时的两个用法。
2).现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
2.教学难点：
have/has
been
to，have/has
gone
to；have/has
been
in的区别。
【自主预习】
一、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
1.is
_____
_______
2.
write______
_______
3.read
_______
________
4.study
_______
________
5.have/has_______
_____
6.eat_________
_________
7.see______
_______
8.
live______
_______
9.help______
_______
10.travel______
_______
11.learn_______
________
12.
hear______
__________
13.stop________
__________
14.
play______
______
翻译句子
1.你曾去过科学馆么？
____________
you
__________
___________
_______
a
science
museum?
2.我从没有去过科学馆。
No,
I
___________
__________
____________
to
a
science
museum.
3.你曾参观过太空博物馆么？
___________
you
__________
_____________
the
space
museum?
4.嗯，去过。我去年参观过。
Yes,
I
_________.
I
_________
there
last
year.
5.我没去过。No,
I______________.
6.我也是（没去过）Me________________.
【合作探究】
1.大声齐读Grammar
Focus,
圈出句中的现在完成时结构。
2.语法探究
用法
肯定式
否定式
I/You/We/They
have
finished
the
work.He/She/It
has
finished
the
work.
I/You/We/They
have
not
finished
the
work.He/She/It
has
not
finished
the
work.
构成：
have(助动词)
+
p.p
has(第三人称单数助动词)
+
p.p
疑问式
回答
Have
I/you
finished
the
work?Has
he/she
finished
the
work?
Yes,
you/I
have.No,
you/I
haven’t.Yes,
he/she
has.No,
he/she
hasn’t.
have
not
常缩略为haven’t
has
not
常缩略为hasn’t
现在完成时的用法
Have
you
had
your
lunch
yet?Yes,
I
have.
I
have
just
had
it.(现在我不饿了）
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I
haven’t
seen
her
these
days.I
have
known
Bob
for
three
years.I’ve
been
at
this
school
for
over
two
years.They
have
lived
here
since
1982.She
has
taught
us
since
I
came
to
this
school.
某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括现在）的动作或者状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的是延续性动词。
ever
意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。
e.g.
Have?you?ever?been?to?Hong?Kong?
你曾去过香港吗？??
I?haven’t?ever?spoken?to?her.
我未曾和她说过话。??
never意为“从来没有”常与before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。??
e.g.
I?have?never?travelled?by?plane?before.
我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。??
2.
have
been
to
&
have
gone
to区别
比较：He
has
been
to
Beijing.
他曾去过北京。（人已回来，可能在这儿）
He
has
gone
to
Beijing.
他已经去北京了。（人已走，不在这儿了）。
have
/
has
been
(to)
表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。
have
/
has
gone
(to)
表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。
【温馨提示】
1.
have
/
has
been
to常与ever,
never,
once,
twice,
how
many
times等连用。
e.g.
I
have
never
been
to
America,
so
I
hope
to
go
there
one
day.
2.have
been
in表示“某人去了某地多长时间”。
3.
have
/
has
gone
to常用于含有sb.
is
out,
sb.
isn’t
in
(...)等暗含某人不在说话现场的语境中。
e.g.
Our
math
teacher
isn’t
in
his
office.
He
has
gone
to
the
meeting
room.
4.?当have
/
has
been
to?中的to后为表示地点的副词there,
here等时，to要省略。
e.g.
I
won’t
go
to
the
new
park
because
I
have
been
there
twice.
用have
been
to，have
gone
to，have
been
in的适当形式填空。
1.Mr.Wang______________
the
library.
He
isn't
at
home
now.
2.She___________
Beijing
for
ten
years.
3.—Where____________
？Your
mother
is
waiting
for
you.
4.—Where
is
Mr.Wang?—He__________
work.
3.
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
比较：I
have
seen
the
film..
我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容）
I
saw
the
film
last
month.
我上个月看了这部电影。
(只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在情况）
①
一般过去时只强调过去的动作；现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响。
②
一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用；现在完成时则不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。
③
一般过去时单纯表示过去的经历；现在完成时表示过去的动作或状态延续到现在并可能持续下去。
一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday,
last
week，…ago,
in1980,
in
October,
just
now…
共同的时间状语有：this
morning,
tonight,
this
summer,
before,
already,
…
现在完成时的时间状语有：for,
since,
ever,
never,
just,
already,
yet,
in
past
years,
…
3.即学活用：完成课本P68
4b&4c练习。
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