江苏省高考英语5月底八套最后一模真题阅读精选13篇（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
江苏省5月底八套最后一模 每套1-2篇阅读精选13篇
1 南通市2021届高三四模
D
Catching nearly 4.000 wild butterflies with handheld nets and taking temperature of each tiny insect must rank among the harder of scientific efforts.
However, researchers have discovered significant differences in the ability of British butterflies to maintain a suitable temperature, raising fears that global heating will threaten the populations of sone species.
Butterflies are ectotherms---unable to generate their own body heat---and require warm temperatures to fly. However，extreme temperatures can pose problems, particularly for those butterflies that must find shady habitats to regulate (调节) their body temperature.
The study shows that larger, paler butterflies are best able to protect themselves from extreme temperatures, changing the angles of their reflective wings in relation to the sun to direct heat away from or on to their bodies. Darker large species have greater difficulty controlling their body temperature, but even they are better than "thermal specialists", which rely on fining a spot at a specific temperature in a landscape---a "microclimate"---to control their body temperature.
After being caught in butterfly nets on British nature reserves, the 29 different species of butterflies' temperatures were taken with a fine probe. The surrounding temperature of the butterfly's perch(栖息处入or air temperature was also taken, which indicated the degree to which butterflies were seeking specific locations to regulate their body temperature.
"As we plan conservation measures to address the effects of climate change, it will be important to understand not only the habitat requirements of different butterfly species, but also their temperature requirements, " said Dr Ed Turner, of the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, who led the work. With this new understanding of butterflies, we should be able to better manage habitats and landscapes to protect them, and in doing so we're probably also protecting other insects too."
32.Why did scientists take the temperatures of butterflies?
A. To seek solutions to global heating.
B. To uncover climate threats to them.
C. To classify them into different species.
D. To stress the toughness of scientific research.
33.How do larger, paler butterflies regulate their temperature?
A. By angling their wings. B. By generating the bolly heat.
C. By choosing a microclimate. D. By making use of their colour.
34.On what basis do butterflies seek specific locations?
A. Finding a nature reserve. B. Attracting other butterflies.
C. Adapting to climate change. D. Perceiving the surroundings.
35.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Understanding butterflies should be strengthened.
B. Better management of butterfly habitats is popular.
C. Protecting butterflies can lead to additional benefits.
D. Goals of protecting butterflies have been achieved.
2.苏州三模
D
Like most birds, the great tit is (mostly) monogamous(一夫一妻的). Every winter pairs of the beautiful songbirds reunite for the upcoming breeding season and spend most of their time together—marking out territory, building nests and even searching for food. The strength of their bond is obvious, but what would happen if the birds were forced to choose between love and food?
To find out, University of Oxford zoologist Josh Firth and his colleagues arranged a set of feeders in a forest near the English countryside. Some of those feeders were set to open only for birds that had been labelled with odd-numbered microchips; others allowed access only to those labelled with even numbers. Thus, pairs with matching assignments could open the same feeders and feast on sunflower seeds together. Mismatched couples, on the other hand, were forced to dine at different venues.
Over the course of three months the researchers monitored 17 couples, including seven odd-plus-even pairs that could not eat at the same feeders. They found that birds from those mismatched pairs visited inaccessible feeders nearly four times as often as those from matched pairs, suggesting that mates were sticking together even if it meant one of them lost out on a meal. The results were published in December in Current Biology.
Great tit couples may remain side by side even when one of them is hungry because they will need each other later on. “The pair bond is vital for great tits,” Firth says. “Single parents cannot cope with the demands of raising young birds alone. Their only hope for success depends on having a supportive and reliable partner.”
Andrew King, a behavioral ecologist at Swansea University in Wales, says that these findings mirror observations in a wide variety of animals, ranging from primates to fish. “Getting less food and searching for food with a ‘friend’ may still be better than getting more food and searching for food alone,” he says.
32. Some couples were given microchips with different kinds of numbers so that _________.
A. they had to stay in different places B. they could eat in the same feeders
C. they had to eat in different feeders D. they could spend more time together
33. Which of the following is true about the research?
A. All the birds had to take food in different places.
B. Each couple was given either odd or even numbers.
C. Seventeen birds were monitored by the researchers.
D. Mismatched pairs visited the feeders more often.
34. Why do great tits value pair bond so much?
A. Raising young birds is demanding for a single bird.
B. They can get much more food by helping each other.
C. They have to rely on their partner to build their nests.
D. They are naturally supportive and reliable.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. The Strength of Bond B. Love over food
C. The Great Tits D. A Special Kind of Birds
3. 扬州市2021届高三考前调研测试试题
D
Cosplayers（角色扮演者）can invest considerable time, money and effort into making best head-to-toe presentations that are one-of-a-kind. But what inspires cosplayers to present themselves with so many detailed artistic designs? Psychologists try to reveal the facts through research.
When a cosplayer selects a particular costume, he/she is often getting inside a specific character--or combination of characters--because something about that role speaks to them personally, according to Robin S. Rosenberg, a clinical psychologist at the University of California, San Francisco.
Batman, for example, can be an especially meaningful cosplay choice for someone coping with trauma（创伤）. The dark superhero faced destructive trauma when he was a child--witnessing the cruel and violent murder of his parents--which he overcame to become a hero. “When people are dressed as Batman, many talk about having experienced their own traumatic experiences,” Rosenberg said. “He survived and found meaning and purpose from his experience, and that is inspiring to them.”
Rosenberg noted that Wonder Woman is another popular choice which calls up many women’s feelings, partly because she holds her own in the male-dominated world of costumed comics superheroes. For those cosplayers, dressing as Wonder Woman is a way of celebrating and embracing her power, Rosenberg said.
Cosplay is a type of performance, which frequently moves strangers to approach the character for conversation and photos. So it surprised Rosenberg to discover that many cosplayers were identified as introverts. “When they wore a costume, they became much more socially outgoing,” Rosenberg said. She explained that, sometimes, wearing a costume allows a person to obtain confidence they didn't know they had, and helps them overcome shyness in real life.
“When you do any kind of costuming--but particularly cosplay--on the one hand, it gives you permission to step outside yourself,” Rosenberg said. “But on the other hand, it can bring out something in you that doesn’t usually come out.”
What does Rosenberg try to convey in Paragraph 2?
Cosplayers have a special liking for costumes.
Cosplayers play different roles within one day.
Cosplayers have nothing to do but talk to themselves.
Cosplayers express themselves through costumes.
Batman and Wonder Woman are cited to reveal cosplayers’ ___________.
A. childhood abuse B. need to repair personal difficulties
C. gender inequality D. eagerness to defeat other people
Why did Rosenberg feel surprised?
Cosplayers changed their personality once in costumes.
Cosplayers couldn’t wait to socialize when costumed.
Many cosplayers attracted strangers to talk with them.
So many cosplayers were considered as pessimistic people.
What may serve as the most suitable title of the text?
A.Devotion to cosplay B. People in costumes
C. Batman or Wonder Woman D. Psychology behind cosplay
4.徐州最后一模
C
Growing up in poverty can?have long-term negative consequences for children. Now, a study offering unconditional cash to a group of mothers on?low incomes in the US is?beginning to discover the precise role of parental income in child development. It is the first randomised trial to look at whether a basic income might affect the way a child’s brain develops in this critical period.
We know that the first few?years of a child’s life are?the?most influential for their?development. Brain development is particularly rapid in early childhood and therefore more likely to be influenced by the environment.
Studies of children born into families with low incomes have found they tend to have more behavioural problems and are behind their peers when they start school. However, it isn’t clear whether?low income directly leads to these outcomes, or whether they are a result of other factors associated with growing up in poverty.
To find out, Kimberly Noble at?Columbia University in New York City and her colleagues approached women on low incomes who had just given birth at four sites in the US. The team is measuring several things throughout the study. At each yearly follow-up, children are assessed for measures like sleep quality, developmental milestones, overall health and emotional development. One unique aspect of the study is the use of mobile EEG headsets to monitor the infants’ brain activity in their home environments.
Almost $4 million has been given out through the study so?far. Though it is too early to draw full conclusions, some preliminary results are already of interest. For example, some of the parents have allowed the researchers to keep track of their?transactions. Those in the high-cash group appear to be spending more on books for their children, and spending more time reading together, according to surveys the team conducted. This is potentially good news because reading to?infants is known to be good for cognitive development, vocabulary and promoting important bonds between adults and children.
Eventually, the findings could help with policy interventions to assist children born into poverty, or even to find ways to?buffer against the effects of?poverty later in life.
28. The passage mainly intends to tell us that ________.
A. the early years of a child’s life are?the?most influential
B. money affects brain development in one’s childhood
C. women should earn more to promote children’s development
D. comprehensive measures are to be taken to assist the children
29. The unconditional cash given out brings positive consequences possibly because ________.
A. the family can live a carefree life with the cash
B. the family can offer the children more nutrition
C. it helps to offer better environment for the children
D. it provides more time for the family to get together
30. The underlined phrase “buffer against” in the last paragraph may mean ________.
A. transform B. cause C. accelerate D. prevent
31. How were the conclusions of the study proved?
A. By making questionnaires. B. By taking randomised trials.
C. By giving participants interviews. D. By doing follow-up researches.
D
Volcanoes are creators and destroyers. They can shape lands and cultures, but can also cause great destruction and loss of life. Two of the best-known examples are found at opposite ends of the world, on the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Mount Fuji is a sacred site. Japan’s native religion considers Fuji a holy place. Other people believe the mountain and its waters have the power to make a sick person well. For many, climbing Fuji is also a rite (仪式) of passage. Some do it as part of a religious journey; for others, it is a test of strength. Whatever the reasons, reaching the top in order to stand on Fuji’s summit (山峰) at sunrise is a must for many Japanese.
Fuji is more than a sacred site and tourist destination, however. It is also an active volcano and sits just 112 kilometers from the crowded streets of Tokyo. The last time Fuji erupted, in1707, it sent out a cloud of ash that covered the capital city and darkened the skies for weeks. There has been an increase in activity under Fuji recently. Locals living near Fuji hold special festivals each year to offer gifts to the goddess of the volcano—as they have for generations—so that she will not erupt and destroy the land and its people below.
Halfway across the globe from Fuji, El Popo one of the world’s tallest and most dangerous active volcanoes—stands just 70 kilometers southeast of Mexico City. Although the volcano has erupted many times over the centuries, scientists believe its last great eruption occurred around AD 820. In recent years, El Popo is once again threatening the lives of the people near the mountain; in December 2000, almost 26,000 people were evacuated when El Popo started to send out ash and smoke.
For many people living near El Popo—especially farmers—abandoning their land is unthinkable. As anyone who farms near a volcano knows, the world’s richest soils are volcanic. They produce bananas and coffee in Central America, fine wines in California, and enormous amounts of rice in Indonesia.
Today, many people continue to see El Popo as their ancestors did. Carrying food and gifts for the volcano, they hike up the mountain. Near the summit, they present their offerings, asking the volcano to protect and provide for one more season.
32. The author think of the volcanoes as creators because they ________.
A. make sick people recover B. enable people to be strong
C. provide beliefs and rich lands D. offer protection for the locals
33. The author mainly talks about ________ in Paragraph 2.
A. the beautiful scenery B. the religious visitors
C. reasons for climbing Mount Fuji D. the power of Mount Fuji
34. What does the word “They” refer to in paragraph 5?
A. local farmers B. volcanic soils
C. active volcanoes D. Mexican ancestors
35. What can we learn about El Popo?
A. It’s the tallest and most active volcano.
B. It erupted powerfully in December 2000.
C. People treat El Popo with awe.
D. People climb the mountain for cure.
三校联考
C
“Why do people enjoy saying that they are bad at math?” wonders Petra Bonfert, a professor of engineering at Dartmouth College. After seeing too many examples of adults “passing on mathematical anxiety like a virus,” Bonfert has an important message for math-phobic parents and educators: “We are passing on from generation to generation the fear for mathematics.”
Many people hold the view that math is inherently hard, and only people with an inborn mathematical ability can understand it. While well-meaning adults may think they’re encouraging kids by sharing their own math fears, research has shown the opposite. Research has found that the problem is particularly significant for girls, who “are especially affected when a teacher publicly announces math hatred before she picks up the chalk.” Moreover, a study published recently reported that female mathematical achievement was diminished in response to a female teacher’s mathematical anxiety. The effect was correlated: the higher a teacher’s anxiety, the lower the scores.”
Parents’ anxiety about math can have a similar effect on kids’ achievement and their attitude toward the subject. Children who received math homework help from mathematically fearful parents showed weaker math achievements than their peers, which in turn resulted in increased math anxiety for the children themselves.?New research?on math anxiety confirms that these parents unintentionally teach kids to expect that math will be beyond their capabilities.
Fortunately, Sian Beilock, a cognitive scientist of Barnard College, has found a surprisingly easy way for parents to stop passing on math anxiety and build their children’s math confidence. The most important finding is the importance of normalizing math at home in?a way that’s relaxing and playful: from using?math-themed books and stories, playing with?math games and toys?to cooking together. He argues that we need to teach kids that “working on mathematical skills is not unlike practicing a sport. Neither can be learned by watching others perform the activity and both require encouragement and effort. You do not need an inborn mathematical ability in order to solve mathematical problems. Rather, what is required is perseverance, a willingness to take risks and feeling safe to make mistakes.
28. Why do some people share their math fear with kids?
A. To expect kids to learn from their mistake. B. To prove only geniuses can learn it well.
C. To give encouragement to their kids. D. To stress the importance of genetic factors.
29. What does the underlined word “diminished” mean?
A. Decreased. B. Measured. C. Improved. D. Influenced.
30. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. Normalizing maths at home is relaxing and full of fun.
B. Having an inborn math ability is essential to children.
C. Developing mathematical skills differs from doing a sport.
D. Encouragement and efforts help yield math learning success.
31. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Math-phobic adults are to blame for math failure.
B. Math anxiety is nothing to be afraid of at all.
C. Parents and teachers pass on math fear to kids.
D. Risks and mistakes are what success takes.
D
A demonstration mission to test an idea to clean up space debris (碎片)?launched?Monday morning local time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Known as ELSA-d, the mission will exhibit technology that could help capture space junk, the millions of pieces of orbital debris that float above Earth.
The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth-bound life, including weather forecasting, telecommunications and GPS systems.
The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward Earth to burn up in the atmosphere.
ELSA-d, which stands for End-of-Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a “servicer satellite” and a “client satellite” that launched together, according to?Astroscale, the Japan-based company behind the mission. Using a magnetic docking (磁性对接) technology, the servicer will release and try to “date” with the client, which will act as a model piece of space junk.
The mission, which will be run from the U.K., will carry out this catch and release process repeatedly over the course of six months. The goal is to prove the servicer satellite’s ability to track down and dock with its target in varying levels of complexity.
The spacecraft is not designed to capture dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that would be launched with compatible(兼容的) docking plates on them.
According to NASA, cleaning up space—and addressing the risks associated with debris—depend on preventing the accumulation of more waste and actively removing it.
The development of other cleanup technologies has been underway for years. In 2018,?a device called RemoveDebris?successfully cast a net around a model satellite. The European Space Agency also plans to send a self-destructing robot into orbit in 2025, which the organization’s former director general has referred to as a?space “vacuum cleaner”.
These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space ventures like SpaceX continue to fill low Earth orbit with a?“mega-constellation” of satellites.
32. What do we know about space junk?
A. It has a potential effect on our daily life. B. It circles around the earth alongside satellites.
C. It is what astronauts desert in outer space. D. It has been cleaned up several times so far.
33. What does the author tell us about ELSA-d in paragraph 4?
A. Its achievements in space. B. Its theoretical principle.
C. Its two new satellites. D. Its space mission in orbit.
34. What’s the purpose of designing the spacecraft?
A. Removing existing space junk in orbit. B. Testing docking technology.
C. Sending astronauts into space. D. Capturing satellites to be launched.
35. What is the passage mainly about?
A. ELSA-d’s experimental process. B. Dead satellites floating in orbit.
C. New effort to clean up space junk. D. The application of docking technology.
6. 泰州市 2020～2021 学年度第二学期高考考前练笔
C
Butter coffee, also sometimes referred to as bulletproof coffee, is almost exactly what it sounds like. Take a cup of black coffee and drop a bi of butter into it. Though the name doesn't indicate this, you also need to add a little coconut oil. Upon hearing about butter coffee, people generally all into one of two camps. Either you are disgusted at the notion and determine never to try it or you are more laid-back and think "Sure, why not?"
If you are still puzzled about why this drink exists, here's a bit of backstory. In 2009, Dave Asprey, a businessman, launched and trademarked Bulletproof coffee. He got the idea during his travels in Tibet, where yak butter（酥油） tea is common. He marketed and sold the concept as a low-carbon, high-fat breakfast alternative that would help people lose weight and be energized.
Despite all of Asprey's claims, there are not many benefits to butter coffee, especially if anyone skips meals and replaces them with the drink. While cutting out carbohydrates（碳水化合物）may be good for people with type2 diabetes, a low-carbon diet is usually only recommended for a short period of time. And though the fat from the butter may keep you feeling full for a while, there are a number of downsides to adding a couple of tablespoons to your morning coffee.
Doctors point out that the amount of fat in butter coffee is higher than most recommended daily amounts. Additionally, a breakfast of butter and coffee does not contain nutrients that are essential to a healthy diet.
28. What does the author mean by "two camps" in the first paragraph?
A. The campsites where Asprey tried yak butter tea.
B. The areas where one can buy fresh butter coffee.
C. The two versions of butter coffee that are popular.
D. The opposing views people have about butter coffee.
29.Asprey got the inspiration for Bulletproof coffee when he was___________.
A. vacationing in Tibet C. starting his business
B. suffering from diabetes D. selling coffee beans overseas
30.Which of the following is mentioned as a supposed benefit of butter coffee?
A. It will help cure diabetes. B. It serves as a meal replacement.
C. It may make people feel energetic. D. It is good for those who need to put on weight.
31. What do doctors think of butter coffee?
A. The drink offers sufficient nutrients. B. It is recommended as part of breakfast.
C. The drink is not fully healthy for people. D. It should be avoided because of deadly chemicals.
D
Austrian company Tec-Innovation recently disclosed smart shoes that use sensors to help people suffering from blindness or vision damage to detect obstacles up to four meters away.
Known as InnoMake, the smart shoe may become a possible alternative to the decades-old waking stick that millions of people depend on to get around as safely as possible. The currently available model relies on sensors to detect obstacles and warms the wearer via vibration and an alert sounded on a Bluetoot-linked smartphone. "Sensors on the toe of the shoe detect obstacles up to four meters away. The wearer is then warned by vibration and/or acoustic（听觉的）signals. This works very well and is already a great help to me personally," Markus Raffer, one of the founders of Tec-Innovation, himself visually damaged, said.
That sounds impressive enough, but the company is already working on a much more advanced version that combines cameras and artificial intelligence to not only detect obstacles but also their nature. "Not only is the warming that I am facing an obstacle relevant, but also the information about what kind of obstacle I am facing. Because it makes a big difference whether it's a wall, a car or a staircase Raffer claimed.
The advanced system is fix in the front of the shoes, in a waterproof and dustproof case. It is powered by a heavy-duty battery that can last for up to one week, depending on use. The battery can be charged in just three hours, using a USB cable.
The next step for Tec-Innovation is to use the data collected by its system to create a kind of street view navigation map for visually damaged people.
"As it currently stands, only the wearer benefits from the data the shoe collects as he or she walks. It would be much more sustainable if this data could also be made available to other people as a navigation aid," computer scientist Friedrich Fraundorfer explained.
InnoMake aims to____________.
A. collect data as blind people walk B. replace walking sticks completely
C. clear obstacles in streets for blind people D. help blind people walk around more safely
33. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The way that InnoMake works. B. The function of InnoMake in life.
C. The purpose of developing InnoMake. D. The advantages of InnoMake over other shoes.
34.What does he author want to show with the example of Raffer?
A. Raffer has benefited a lot from InnoMake.
B. He faces a lot of difficulties in his daily life.
C. The company will surely make a huge profit.
D. Raffer cares more about the nature of obstacles.
35.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. InnoMake is sure to be a navigation aid. B. More wearers will benefit from innoMake.
C. There's still space for InnoMake to improve. D. Data should be shared among more wearers.
7.姜堰如东沭阳如东中学三校2021届高三适应性考试5.23
B
When you look up and around, you are likely to be surrounded by architecture. Unique among creative and artistic professions, architecture always reflects the age and culture that produced it. Designing and building architecture takes time, money and cooperation. Architects work with dozens to shape their buildings, and along this chain, a deeper and richer set of values are transmitted — ones that define exactly how cultures see their world and how people see each other.
Beyond providing shelter, architecture becomes the stage set for our life. It’s the reason we feel empowered on the roof deck of an 80-story building that is connected with a busy public square. Communities form within architecture and take on their buildings’ characteristics. Architecture connects to economics and the sciences, and the people that practice it can both be careful technicians and poets of space and form.
Defining architecture only in terms of other professions does harm to it, and there is a lot of knowledge within architecture that is separated from the practical concerns of building. Looking at the built world critically, instead of considering it a set of established traditions, shows that architecture is an entirely human creation, which can take nearly any shape we want it to. Patterns we see everywhere don’t spring from wisdom about how things should look. They are actually the result of special accumulations of cultural values, the materials available, economics, geographic location and climate. Most of these factors are changeable, so while architecture changes slowly compared to other artistic mediums, it still develops.
Architecture is futurism. Each time it offers a critique (评论) that suggests new ways to live, work or play, it becomes a feat of world-building that makes it hard to distinguish from science fiction. Architecture is interested in the future, and architects are trained to imagine the world not as it is, but as it could be.
24. What’s special about architecture?
A. It helps people live at ease. B. It’s aimed at showing values.
C. It can reflect the culture clearly. D. It shows man’s wisdom directly.
25. What can we infer about architecture from Paragraph 2?
A. It makes us feel powerful.
B. It’s a great project for humans.
C. It’s connected with many aspects in life.
D. It provides a stage for other art forms.
26. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The world. B. The architecture. C. The creation. D. The tradition.
27. What’s the text mainly about?
A. Why architecture is important.
B. How architecture affects the future.
C. How architecture reflects man’s talent.
D. Who regards architecture as a special art form.
C
The idea of billions of people going through a few masks a week during this pandemic definitely rings alarm bells, but a team of researchers in Melbourne may have the solution.
They’ve discovered that adding millions of discarded face masks to road-paving (铺路) mixtures would actually lower the cost of the road, while preventing billions of them from landfills. Just one kilometer of road would need three million masks, and the-wqpqpi polypropylene (聚丙烯) plastic used to make single-use surgical face masks also increased the flexibility and durability of the road.
The new material is a mixture of about 2% torn masks, with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) — a material obtained from waste concrete and other minerals from destroyed buildings. This recycled material was found in the study to be ideal for two of the four layers generally required to create roadways. Paving a kilometer of two-way road with the RCA and three million face masks would result in a change of 93 tons of waste from landfills.
The final product then is more resistant to wear than asphalt (沥青), as well as being cheaper too, provided there was a method for collecting masks. The research team did a cost-analysis and found that, at $26 per ton, the RCA was about half the cost of mining raw materials, and as much as a third of the cost of shipping the used masks to a landfill.
The widespread application would be ideal for large infrastructure projects. For example, Washington has the 11th worst roads in terms of unaddressed repairs in the U.S. If the damaged roads in Washington state were repaired with the RCA/mask mixture, it would reuse nearly 10 billion masks, sparing American landfills hundreds of millions of tons of trash.
It’s said that the team is looking for private industry partners or governments willing to give their plastic mask road an opportunity for a large-scale test.
28. What does the underlined word “discarded” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Recycled. B. Produced. C. Mixed. D. Abandoned.
29. What is the new material used to pave ways made of?
A. 2% torn masks, concrete and tons of trash.
B. Polypropylene plastic and building materials.
C. Single-use surgical masks and recycled concrete aggregate.
D. Waste concrete and other minerals from destroyed buildings.
30. Why are numbers mentioned in Paragraph 5?
A. To tell us what the team has found.
B. To prove this material is cost-effective in paving roads.
C. To explain repairing roads costs a lot of materials.
D. To praise the hard work the team has done.
31. What can we learn from the text?
A. The material used to pave roads is made of masks.
B. Generally speaking, it requires two layers to create roadways.
C. It remains to be tested whether the solution is practical.
D. The damaged roads in Washington were repaired with the RCA.
8. 南京师大附中2021届高三年级模拟考试
C
The far side of the moon is a strange and wild region, quite different from the familiar and mostly smooth face we see nightly from our planet. Soon this rough space will have even stranger features: it will be crowded with radio telescopes.
Astronomers are planning to make the moon's distant side our newest and best
window on the cosmic (宇宙的) dark ages，a mysterious era hiding early marks of stars and galaxies. Our universe was not always filled with stars. About 380,000 years after the big bang, the universe cooled, and the first atoms of hydrogen formed. Gigantic hydrogen clouds soon filled the universe. But for a few hundred million years, everything remained dark, without stars. Then came the cosmic dawn: the first stars flickered, galaxies came into existence and slowly the universe's large-scale structure took shape.
The seeds of this structure must have been present in the dark-age hydrogen clouds, but the era has been impossible to probe using optical(光学的)telescopes---there was no light. And although this hydrogen produced long-wavelength (or low-frequency) radio emissions, radio telescopes on Earth have found it nearly impossible to detect them. Our atmosphere either blocks or disturbs these faint signals; those that get through are drowned out by humanity's radio noise.
Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moon's far side. Now multiple space agencies plan lunar missions carrying radio-wave-detecting instruments---some within the next three years---and astronomers' dreams are set to become reality.
"If I were to design an ideal place to do low-frequency radio astronomy. I would have to build the moon," says astrophysicist Jack Burns of the University of Colorado Boulder. "We are just now finally getting to the place where we're actually going to be putting these telescopes down on the moon in the next few years.
28.What's the purpose of building radio telescopes on the moon?
A. To research the big bang. B. To discover unknown stars.
C. To study the cosmic dark ages. D. To observe the far side of the moon.
29. What does the underlined word "probe" in Paragraph 3 possibly mean?
A. Explore. B. Evaluate. C. Produce. D. Predict.
30. Hydrogen radio emissions can't be detected on Earth because _______.
A. there was no light in the dark ages
B. they cannot possibly get through our atmosphere
C. gigantic hydrogen clouds no longer fill the universe
D. radio signals on Earth cause too much interference
31. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A. Scientists have to rebuild the moon.
B. We will finally get to the moon's distant side.
C. The moon is a perfect place to set up radio telescopes.
D.A favorable research environment will be found on the moon.
D
Improvements to energy efficiency, such as LED lights, are seen by many authorities as a top priority for cutting carbon emissions. Yet a growing body of research suggests that a rebound effect could wipe out more than half of the savings from energy efficiency improvements, making the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change even harder to hit.
A team led by Paul Brockway at the University of Leeds, UK, looked at the existing 33 studies on the impact of the rebound effect. First comes the direct rebound: for instance, when someone buys a more efficient car, they may take advantage of that by driving it further. Then comes the indirect rebound: fuel savings leave the owner with more money to spend elsewhere in the economy, consuming energy.
Although the 33 studies used different methods to model the rebound effect, they produced very consistent estimates of its impact, leading the team to conclude that the effect wipes out, 0on average, 63 per cent of the anticipated energy savings.
“We're not saying energy efficiency doesn't work. What we're saying is rebound needs to be taken more seriously," says Brockway.
The idea that increased efficiency may not deliver the hoped-for savings dates back to the Jevons paradox (悖论), named after the economist William Stanley Jevons, who, in 1865, observed that more efficient coal use led to more demand for coal.
If the rebound effect does prove to be as big as suggested, it means future global energy demand will be higher than expected and the world will need far more wind and solar power and carbon-capture technology than is currently being planned for.
But that doesn't mean nothing can be done to limit the rebound effect. One answer is to double down on energy efficiency and do twice as much to achieve the same effect.
32.Which of the following is a rebound effect?
A. A man uses LED 1ights to cut carbon emissions.
B.A company uses coal more efficiently to reduce waste.
C.A family saves money by using energy-saving devices.
D.A lady spends savings from her fuel efficient car on more clothes.
33.How did Paul Brockway's team carry out, their research?
A. By interviewing economists. B. By analyzing former studies.
C. By modeling the rebound effect. D. By debating about the Jevons paradox.
34.What would Paul Brockway probably agree with?
A. Authorities should dismiss energy efficiency.
B. Worldwide efforts to preserve energy are in vain.
C. The rebound effect helps protect the environment.
D. More attention should be paid to the rebound effect.
35. What's the author's attitude towards limiting the rebound effect?
A. Positive. B. Pessimistic. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.
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