外研版（2019）必修三Unit 6-Disaster and hope单元核心考点解析&随堂专练学案（含答案）-Section B

Unit 6-Disaster and hope
单元核心考点解析&随堂专练-Section B
【词汇解析】
consist of由……组成
【课文原句】
Consisting of 62 people,it not only included rescuers and medical staff,but also included earthquake experts.
它由62人组成,不仅包括救援人员和医务人员,还包括地震专家。
【词汇精讲】
consist of表示“由……组成”,不用于进行时态和被动语态,但是可以用其动词-ing形式作定语。
The world consists of seven continents.
世界是由七大洲组成的。
【词汇拓展】
同义短语:
be made up of;be composed of 由……组成
consist in (=lie in ) 在于;存在于
consist with与……一致/相符
consistent adj.相容的;一致的
be consistent with...和……一致;相符
If what you say is not consistent with what you do,it will have a bad effect on your children.
如果你言行不一,这将对你的孩子有不好的影响。
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
这个计划妙在简明扼要。
【名师点津】
由consist组成的几个短语consist of/in/with都不能用于被动语态和进行时态。

reliable adj.可信赖的,可靠的
【课文原句】
So,for accurate and reliable predictions,it’s best to check an official,scientific report.
所以,为了准确可靠的预测,最好检查一份官方的科学报告。
【词汇精讲】
reliable为形容词,表示“可靠的”。它的动词为rely,表示“依赖,依靠”。
She prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.
她把在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。
【词汇拓展】
rely on sb to do sth依靠某人做某事
rely on (doing) sth依赖/信任/指望……
rely on it that...相信……,指望……
Nowadays the children rely more on their parents to do/doing everything for them.
现在孩子们更多地依靠父母为他们做每件事。
You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
你可以放心,这项工作将提前完成。
【名师点津】
下列句型中也要用it作形式宾语:
depend on/see to it+that从句;
appreciate it+if从句;
like/hate it+when从句。

threaten v. 威胁到,危及
【课文原句】
It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
它导致了严重的粮食危机,并威胁到950多万人的生计。
【词汇精讲】
threaten为及物动词,表示“威胁,危及”,还有“恐吓”之意。
They broke my windows and threatened me.
他们打碎我的窗子并威胁我。
【词汇拓展】
threaten sb with sth用……威胁某人
threaten to do sth威胁/扬言要做某事
threatening adj. 危险的;胁迫的;凶兆的
threat n.威胁,恐吓;凶兆
The terrorist threatened the government with a bomb.
恐怖分子用炸弹威胁政府。
Officials at the school say they received a bomb threat at approximately 11:30 a.m.today.
学校的官员说他们在今天上午11点半左右收到过炸弹恐吓。

up to 多达,直到,胜任,由……做决定
【课文原文】
When it hit the coast,huge tidal waves caused severe flood,costing the lives of up to 300,000 citizens.
当海啸袭击海岸时,巨大的海啸造成了严重的水灾,造成多达30万人丧生。
【词汇精讲】
在该句子中up to表示“多达”,此外,up to还有“直到,胜任,由……做决定”之意。
If you advertise your goods in a dishonest way,you will be fined up to 50,000 yuan.
如果你不诚实地做广告,你将被罚款多达5万元。
【词汇拓展】
It is up to sb to do sth由某人决定做某事;做某事是某人的职责
live up to符合(期望);不辜负
add up to加起来共计
look up to尊重
up to now迄今为止
up to date最新的
—What shall we do tonight then?
——我们今天晚上做什么呢?
—It’s up to you — whatever you want.
——你来决定,你想做什么都行。
It’s up to me to organize some wonderful singing and dancing performances for them.
为他们组织一些精彩的歌舞演出是我的职责。

on the way在途中;即将到来
【课文原句】
Unusual animal behaviour,for example,can indicate whether it’s cold,wet weather that’s on the way or a hot,dry period.
例如,动物的不寻常行为,可以表明即将到来的是寒冷潮湿的天气,还是炎热干燥的时期。
【词汇精讲】
on the way在该句子中表示“即将到来”,同时,它还有“在路上”的含义。
后面常加to+地点,表示“在去……的路上”。
It’s announced that a hurricane is on the way.
通知说飓风即将到来。
【词汇拓展】
on the way to sp在去某地的路上
on the way home/here/there 回家/来这儿/去那儿的路上
in the way 妨碍;挡道
by the way 顺便问一下
in a way在某种程度上
On the way to school,I told my father everything that happened yesterday.
在去学校的路上,我告诉父亲昨天所发生的一切事情。
Fred tried to get to the door,but the table was in the way.
弗雷德试图走近大门,可是桌子挡住了去路。
I saw Tom yesterday.By the way,he told me that he would go to Beijing.
我昨天看见汤姆了。哦,顺便说一下,他告诉我他要去北京。
【句式解析】
By early May,emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China,with a further round of emergency aid to follow.
到5月初,中国捐赠了价值970万美元的紧急援助,随后还将提供另一轮紧急援助。
【句式剖析】
该句子为“by+过去时间”引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去完成时,表示“到……时,已经……”。
By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed.
到去年年底,又有一座新体育馆竣工了。
【句式拓展】
(1)by +现在时间,和现在完成时连用
(2)by +过去时间,和过去完成时连用
(3)by +将来时间,和将来完成时连用
He has taught in our school for 3 years by now.
到现在为止,他在我们学校教学3年了。
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
明天这个时候你将到达上海。
【语法解析】
省略
无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。
一、简单句中的省略
(一)省略主语
祈使句中主语通常省略;其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。
1.(I) Beg your pardon.
2.(I) Thank you for your help.
(二)省略主谓或主谓语的一部分
1.(There is) No smoking.
2.(Will you) Have a smoke?
(三)省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态,则须在之后加上be或have:
1.—Are you going there?—Yes,I’d like to (go there).
2.—He hasn’t finished the task yet.—Well,he ought to have.
(四)省略表语
1.—Are you thirsty?—Yes,I am (thirsty).
2.His brother isn’t lazy,nor is his sister (lazy).
(五)同时省略几个成分
1.Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.
2.—Have you finished your work?
—(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.
二、并列句中的省略
两个并列句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
我父亲是医生,母亲是护士。
I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
我上大学,我妹妹读高中。
When summer comes,the day is getting longer and longer,and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.
夏天来了,白天越来越长,黑夜越来越短。
三、主从复合句中的省略
(一)主句中有一些成分被省略
1.(I’m) Sorry to hear you are ill.
2.(It’s a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.
(二)状语从句的省略
原则主要是:如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致,就可以经过一定的变动把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略,从而使语言更加简洁、明了。现在就把各种状语从句的省略现象列举如下:
When (she was) very young,she began to learn to play the piano.
她很小时就开始学习弹钢琴。
Don’t come in until (you are) asked to.
不叫你请你不要进来。
Whenever (it is) possible,you should come and help.
不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。
注意:as在引导时间状语从句时,没有这种省略现象。
(三)不定式符号to的省略
1.并列的不定式可省去后面的to。
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
我告诉他坐下等一会儿。
2.help 当“帮助”讲时,后面的宾语或宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。
I will help (to) do it for you.
我会帮你做的。
3.but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带to。
The boy did nothing but play.
这个男孩除了玩什么也没做。
4.某些使役动词(let,make,have)及感官动词(see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,listen to等)后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。
I saw the boy fall from the tree.
我看到这个男孩从树上掉下来了。
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
这个男孩被(我)看到从树上掉下来了。
5.主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。
All we can do now is (to) wait.
我们现在能做的就是等。
6.find 当“发现”讲时,后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。
We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment.
我们发现他在这个实验中工作很努力。
但如果是不定式 to be,则不能省略。
She found him to be dishonest.
她发现他不诚实。
(四) 连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,但后面的语序有变化。
1.Had they time,they would certainly come and help us.
如果他们有时间,他们一定会来帮助我们。
2.Were I you,I would do the work better.
如果我是你,我会把工作做得更好。
3.Should there be a flood,what should we do?
如果那里有洪水,我们应该做什么?
(五)主句和从句各有一些成分省略。
The sooner (you do it),the better (it will be).
越快越好。
四、其他省略
(一)连接词that的省略
1.宾语从句中常省略连接词that,但也有不能省略的情况。
2.在定语从句中,that在从句中作宾语时可省略。另外,凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be 动词。
(二)在某些状语从句中,从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可省去“主语+be”部分。
When (he was) still a boy of 10,he had to work day and night.
She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.
If (you are) asked ，you may come in.
If (it is) necessary， I’ll explain to you again.
【随堂专练】
**单词拼写
1.Today’s weather f　　　　　 is for sunshine and showers.?
2.I g　　　　　 her by the arm and tried to pull her away.?
3.Trains are 　　　　　(rely),cheap and best for long-distance journeys.?
4.The police came to his r　　　　　 and he was very thankful when he was safe.?
5.She is calm and resourceful in an 　　　　　(紧急事件).?
6.It had been an 　　　　　(极其) difficult work.?
7.They’ve put in a 　　　　　(要求) for a pay rise.?
8.Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the continent’s economic c　　　　　.?
9.The newcomers directly t　　　　　 the livelihood of the established workers.?
10.The meeting starts at 2 pm 　　　　　(精确地) .?

**用省略结构完成句子
1.当我走在街上时,我听到有人叫我的名字。
While 　　　　　　　　　　　,I heard my name called.?
2.这就是为什么我能让人们的日子更美好。如果你不知道,谁会说另一个人会呢?
That’s why I help brighten people’s days.If you 　　　　　　　,who’s to say that another person will??
3.如果被录用,你很快就会得到通知。
　　　　　　　　　　　for the job,you’ll be informed soon.?
4.如果我知道日程安排的话,可能会省去一些麻烦。
It might have saved me some trouble 　　　　　　　the schedule.?

**翻译句子
1.这些问题,如果不妥善处理的话,将严重影响青少年的成长。(if not solved properly)

2.这个感人的故事，如果改编成电视剧,一定会大受欢迎。(if adapted;a hit)

3.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。(省略动词)

4.这次展览比预料的有趣得多。(than expected)

5.这是一个最多可容纳五个人的房间。(up to)


**语法填空
Last Thursday,there was a big fire in a big shop in our city.At 8:16 that morning,1.　　　　　 the employees were working busily in the 4-storeyed building,heavy smoke was seen 2.　　　　　 (come) out of the windows on the second floor.The fire lasted nearly an hour,and the majority of the 345 employees managed 3. 　　　　　 (escape) from the fire.Unfortunately,7 were killed,and 23 injured,lightly or seriously.?
Some workers 4.　　　　　 (complain) that aids came too late,5.　　 　 the firemen did come just 10 minutes after the fire was reported.To rescue everyone from the burning and smoking building in such a short time was too difficult.The only two exits of the big building were not enough for so many people to withdraw in 6. 　　　　　 hurry.?
The reason of the fire,according to an investigator,was 7.　　　　　 someone broke the non-smoking rule in the factory,because some cigarette ends 8.　　　　　(find).Next two weeks,15 inspection teams will be working in all the factories 9.　　　　　 turn,aiming to clear away the possibility of more fires.10.　　　　　(hope),no disasters like this will happen again.?
参考答案：
单词拼写：
答案:forecast
答案:grabbed
答案:reliable
答案:rescue
答案:emergency
答案:exceptionally
答案:claim
答案:crisis
答案:threaten
答案:precisely
翻译句子：
答案:These problems,if not solved properly,will seriously affect the growth of teenagers.
答案:This moving story,if adapted for television,would be a hit.
答案:Your advice made me happy but Tom angry.
答案:The exhibition is more interesting than expected.
答案:This is a room which can accommodate up to five people.
语法填空：
when;coming;to escape;complained;but;a;that;were found;in;hopefully