外研版（2019）必修三Unit 1-Knowing me,knowing you单元核心考点解析&随堂专练学案（含答案）-Section B

Unit 1-Knowing me,knowing you
单元核心考点解析&随堂专练-Section B
【词汇解析】
accident n.事故,意外
【课文原句】
Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley’s happy core memories with Joy.
悲伤想承担自己的责任,可是无意间造成了莱利核心快乐记忆的丢失。
【词汇精讲】
句中accident 是名词,意为“事故,意外事件,偶然因素”。
by accident 意为“偶然,意外地”,在句中作状语。
I found it by accident.我是无意中找到它的。
She was involved in a serious car accident last week.
她上个星期卷入了一场严重的车祸。
【词汇拓展】
accidental adj.意外的;偶然的;附属的
without accident 平安无事地
It is no accident that... ……绝非偶然
【易混辨析】
accident n.事故,意外事件。
traffic accident 交通事故。
incident 一般指小事件、小事故。
event 一般指大的事件、活动或大型运动项目。
I am sure he ignored you by accident and not by design.
我想他没理你是无意而不是有意。
That night passed without accident.一夜平安无事。
It is no accident that men fill most of the top jobs.
大多数高级职位由男性承担绝非偶然。

adjust v.调整,调节;适应,(使)习惯
【课文原句】
When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
当莱利搬到新的城市的时候,她很难使自己适应新的环境。
【词汇精讲】
句中adjust 是动词,意为“(使)适应;(使)习惯”,常用短语为“adjust to”。
adjust 也有“调整,调节”的意思,为及物动词。
Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.
当心急转弯并相应调整车速。
You’ll quickly adjust yourself to student life.
你将很快适应学生生活。
After a while his eyes adjusted to the dark.
过了一会儿他的眼睛习惯了黑暗。
【词汇拓展】
adjust to (doing) sth 适应(做)某事
adjust oneself (to) sth (使)适应
well-adjusted adj.完全适应环境的
adjustable adj.可调整的,可调节的
adjustment n.调整,调节;适应
make adjustment适应,调整
In regard to this situation, we have to be careful and make adjustment against this problem with appropriate countermeasures.
对此,我们不得不谨慎,需要针对这个问题找出相应的对策来进行调整。
Spray systems are adjustable and can cover areas anywhere from one foot to fifteen.
喷雾系统可调节并可以任意覆盖1—15英尺的区域。
【易混辨析】
adjust,adapt和fit

complexity n. 复杂性,错综复杂
【课文原句】
Accepting sadness as part of life helps Riley deal with the emotional complexity of growing up,and settle down in her new life.
把悲伤看作生活的一部分,有助于莱利去处理成长中的情感的复杂问题,并在她的新生活中安定下来。
【词汇精讲】
complexity 名词,意为“复杂性,错综复杂”。反义词为simplicity “简易,天真”。
The matter was one of fantastic complexity.
这一工作的复杂性简直难以想象。
We appreciate the complexity of the situation.
我们理解局势的复杂性。
【词汇拓展】
complex adj. 复杂的,复合的 n.综合楼群,联合企业
a new apartment complex 一座新综合公寓大楼
an industrial complex consisting of ten manufacturing plants
拥有10家制造厂的联合工业企业
have a complex about... 对……有情结
I used to have a complex about my looks.
我以前总是纠结于自己的长相。

ensure v. 确保,保证
【课文原句】
Worried about her, Joy and Sadness try to work together to ensure she gets her core memories back.
快乐和悲伤非常担心莱利, 试图齐心协力确保她把核心记忆找回来。
【词汇精讲】
句中ensure是及物动词,意为“确保,保证”,相当于make sure,后边直接跟名词或句子。
We must ensure that all patients have access to high quality care.
我们必须确保所有的病人都能够得到高质量的护理。
In order to ensure success we must have a complete and thorough plan.
为了保证成功,我们必须要有一个完整并周密的计划。
【词汇拓展】
★词汇辨析
ensure, insure和assure 均来自拉丁文“securus”,意思是“使变得安全或确保”。
因此这三个有相同词根的词,意义非常接近。
(1)assure 表示向某人保证某事一定会发生(内含有让某人放心之意,以消除疑虑)。
assure sb of sth 使某人对某事物确信无疑
assure sb that+从句 向某人保证
(2)ensure “确定,保证”,确保某种行为一定会发生。
ensure sth /ensure that+从句 确保,保证……
(3)insure 意思是为防不测,向保险公司付钱投保。
He assured us of his ability to solve the problem.
他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。
I will ensure that the car arrives by six o’clock.
我保证汽车六点钟以前到。
My house is insured against fire.我的房子投保了火险。

forgive v.原谅
【课文原句】
Try to forgive someone when they apologise.当他们道歉的时候尽量去原谅他们。
【词汇精讲】
forgive 及物动词,意为“原谅”,过去式forgave, 过去分词forgiven。
Forgive me.I don’t mean to insult you.
请原谅我,我不是有意侮辱你。
I do hope you’ll forgive me but I’ve got to leave.
我真的希望你能原谅我,不过我得走了。
【词汇拓展】
forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事
forgive sb for doing sth 原谅某人做了某事
forgive and forget不念旧恶;不记仇
The pain was acute, and I couldn’t forgive Danny for leaving me.
痛苦是剧烈的,我不能原谅丹尼离我而去。
It is virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
不记仇是一种美德,特别是在这样一个竞争激烈、压力重重的社会中。

get along with 与……相处
【课文原句】
I can tell he is not easy to get along with.
我能看出他不容易相处。
【词汇精讲】
get along with在句中意为“与……相处”,“与 ……相处得好”是get along/on well with。
I think I’m relatively easy to get along with.
我认为自己相对比较容易相处。
It’s impossible to get along with him.
根本无法跟他和睦相处。
【词汇拓展】
get about 徘徊,走动
get accustomed to 习惯于
get across 被传达;被理解
get away 离开,逃脱
get down to 认真对待
get off 从……下来;脱下(衣服)
get over 恢复
get rid of 除去,摆脱
get through 到达,完成
get together 积聚,积累
get used to 习惯于
It’ll be fine once you get accustomed to using it.
一旦你用惯了就好了。
Officers felt their point of view was not getting across to ministers.
官员们感觉自己的观点并未准确地传达到大臣们那里。

look down on 看不起,轻视,蔑视
【课文原句】
They would look down on her.
他们会看不起她。
【词汇精讲】
look down on 在句中意为“看不起,轻视,蔑视”。
有时也用look down upon。
反义词组为 look up to,意为“敬仰,钦佩,仰慕”。
You shouldn’t look down on someone else because he is poor.
不要因为别人穷而看不起他。
You’re a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of the younger ones look up to you.
你很受大家欢迎,格雷丝,很多比你小的孩子都很崇拜你。
【词汇拓展】
look after 照顾,照料
look ahead 向前看,着眼未来
look as if 看上去好像
look around/about 四处看看,四下环顾
look back 回头看;回顾
look forward to 盼望,期待
look into 观察;调查
look on 旁观,观望
look on...as...把……看作……
look out 当心,小心,留神
look through 浏览,翻阅,温习,仔细查看;透过……看
look up 查寻,查阅;抬头看
It looks as if it is going to rain.
天看起来好像要下雨了。
If you look back, you will think about things that happened in the past.
如果你回顾过去,你就会想到很多发生在过去的事情。
【句式解析】
When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
当莱利搬到新城市的时候,她很难使自己适应新的环境。
【句式剖析】
这是“have a hard time doing”结构,意为“做某事情很困难”。
也可以说“have a hard time in doing”。
We will have a hard time getting justice.
我们将很难获得公正。
【句式拓展】
have difficulty (in) doing做某事情很困难
have trouble (in) doing做某事有麻烦
have fun (in) doing做某事有意思(有趣)
have a good time doing玩得开心,过得愉快
I have difficulty (in) understanding what he says.
我要理解他说的话有困难。
We had great fun comparing our baby pictures.
我们觉得比较宝宝的照片这件事很有趣。

If possible, suggest an alternative—How about next week?
如果可能的话,可以建议另外一种选择方式——下周怎么样?
【句式剖析】
句中“if possible”是省略句,表示“如果可能的话”,完整的形式:if it is possible。
I need to see you right away,if possible.
如果可能的话,我要马上见你。
It is always best to choose organically grown foods if possible.
如果可能,最好还是挑选有机食品。
【句式拓展】
由 when,while,as,before, after,till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句,
由whether,if,unless 等引导的条件状语从句,
由 though,although,even if,whatever等引导的让步状语从句,
由 as,than 等引导的比较状语从句,
由as, as if,as though 等引导的方式状语从句,
上述状语从句在省略时,
遵循下面原则:
(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be 。
Once (he was)a worker,he now becomes a famous singer.
他曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。
Work hard when (you are) young,or you’ll regret.
趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。
He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something.
他到处看似乎在找什么东西。
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.
这次展览比预料的有趣得多。
(2)当从句的主语是 it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。
Unless (it is) necessary,you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。

It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in people’s lives.
据说,在人们生活中情商比智商更重要。
【句式剖析】
It is believed that...是主语从句,真正的主语是that引导的从句。
that在主语从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意思,但是不可以省略。
It is believed that the couple have left the country.
人们相信那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
It is believed that you will succeed in the end.
人们认为你最终会成功。
【句式拓展】
常见的这类结构有:
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is decided that... 已经决定……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It is advised that... 有人建议……
It is ordered that... 根据命令……
It is thought that... 有人认为……
It is considered that... 人们认为……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is expected that... 人们预料……
It is announced that... 已宣布……
It is reported that more than thirty miners were buried in the mine.
据报道30多位矿工被埋矿中。
It is generally considered that women live longer than men.
人们普遍认为女人比男人长寿。
It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。
【语法解析】
一、过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等,可以转化成相应的状语从句。
例如:
1.表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。
2.表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。
3.表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。
Given another chance, he will do better.
再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。
4.表示让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。
5.表示方式或伴随情况。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
6.过去分词无论作什么状语,其逻辑主语应是主句的主语。
【误】Seen from the mountain, we found the building is very small.
【正】Seen from the mountain, the building is very small.
【误】Written carelessly, he made a serious mistake in the letter.
【正】Written carelessly, the letter had a serious mistake.
二、现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较
不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语,如果单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词。
有时为了强调,分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如:
Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed some day.
如果你努力,某天你会成功的。
If merely drawn on your imagination, the report will not be convincing.
假若仅靠你的想象去写,报告是不会有说服力的。
三、分词的独立结构
1.分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。
否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构,或叫独立主格。
在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。例如:
The project finished, they had two weeks’ leave.
完成那个计划后,他们休了两周假。
2.独立结构有时也可以用“with/without + 名词(或代词的宾语)+ 分词”的结构,表示伴随状况。例如:
They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixed on the lake.
他们静静地坐在那里,眼睛看着湖面。
【随堂专练】
**找出句子中画线词的逻辑主语
1.Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.　　?
2.Born in a poor family, Jane had only two years of schooling.　　?
3.The cup fell down to the ground,broken.　　?
4.Given more time, he can do it better.　　?
5.Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it.　　?
6.Supported by the nurse, the patient got off the bed.　　?
7.The hunter walked slowly into the forest,followed by his dog.　　?
8.When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.　

**单词拼写
1.In Chapter Five, it explains how to e　　　　 the quality in Accounting Market.?
2.Irene f　　　　Terry for stealing her money.?
3.Would he get a　　　　 if I told him about it??
4.This increases the c　　　　 of administration.?
5.I consider it my d　　　　 to write to you and thank you.?
6.A policeman a　　　　 killed his two best friends with a single bullet.?
7.We apologise for any e　　　　 this may have caused.?

**翻译句子
1.水加热后会变成蒸汽。

2.当有人问他怎么闯进屋里来时,他一声不吭。

3.由于被电影深深打动,我们都哭了。

4.出生于贫苦家庭,他只上了两年学。

5.如果给我们的帮助多一些,我们本来能把这项工作做得更好。


**改写下列句子
1.Inspired by her example, the League members worked even harder.?
=?
2.The children soon fell asleep,exhausted by the journey.?
=?
3. Once published, this dictionary will be very popular!?
=?
4.United, we stand; divided, we fall.
=?
5.Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder.?
=?

**语篇语法填空
Rice 1.　　　　　 (believe) to have been first grown in China or possibly somewhere else in eastern Asia around 10,000 years ago.2.　　　　　 earliest evidence of rice farming comes from a 7,000-year-old site near the lower Yangtze River village of Hemudu in Zhejiang Province in China.?
Rice is a kind of food which requires much labour.In developed countries, the planting and harvesting is done 3. 　　　　　(most) with machines.However, in much of the world, these things are still largely done by hand.It takes one farmer 1,000 to 2,000 working hours 4. 　　 　　　(raise) a rice crop on 2.5 acres of land.The fact that rice needs so much labour means 5.　　　　　(keep) a lot of the population on the land.?
Rice is also a crop 6.　　　　　need of lots of water.The wet rice grown in most of Asia needs hot weather after a period of rain and conditions provided by the 7.　　　　　(rain) seasons affect many of the places 8.　　　　　rice is grown.?
Rice straws (稻秆) 9.　　　　　 (leave) in the fields add nutrients (营养物) to the soil after rice is harvested.For the next crop, rice farmers can often enjoy a good harvest by adding little 10.　　　　　 no fertilizer.?
参考答案：
语法填空：
答案:ensure
答案:forgave
答案:annoyed
答案:complexity
答案:duty
答案:accidentally
答案:embarrassment
翻译句子：
1.When heated,water will be turned into steam.
2.Asked how he broke into the room, he made no answer.
3.Deeply moved by the film, we all cried.
4.Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling.
5.Given more help, we could have done the work better.
改写句子：
答案:Because they were inspired by her example, the League members worked even harder.
答案:The children soon fell asleep, because they were exhausted by the journey.
答案:Once it is published, this dictionary will be very popular!
答案:If we are united, we stand;If we are divided, we fall.
答案:Though the players were beaten by the opposite team,they were not discouraged and practiced even harder.
语篇语法填空：
Is believed
The
Mostly
To raise
Keeping
In
Where
Rainy
Left
or