外研版（2019）必修三Unit 3-The world of science单元核心考点解析&随堂专练学案（含答案）-Section B

Unit 3-The world of science
单元核心考点解析&随堂专练-Section B
【词汇解析】
accurate adj. 精确的;准确的
【课文原句】
He also developed a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregorian calendar.
他也编写了一种和格里高里历(公历)一样精确的日历。
【词汇精讲】
句中accurate是形容词。意为“精确的”,作表语。也可以作定语和补足语。
Reporting accurate numbers of missing miners is a way to acknowledge the value of their lives.
精确报道失踪矿工人数是对他们生命价值的尊重。
The computers help people keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions.
计算机可以帮助人们保持更精确的记录,以便人们做出更好的决定。
【词汇拓展】
accuracy n. 精确;准确
accurately adv. 准确地;精确地
You need to learn how to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project.Also,you need to check the accuracy of it.
你们需要学会怎样分类查找特定项目的相关信息。你们也需要核对信息的准确性。
In this way we train the children to read fluently and accurately.
我们用这样的方法来训练孩子们流利准确地阅读。

beyond prep. 超出……范围;超越;无法……　adv. 在远处;在更远处
【课文原句】
Within the next 80 years,our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.
在未来的80年里,我们的生活可能通过3D打印技术发生超出想象的改变。
【词汇精讲】
本句中beyond是介词,意为“超出……范围;超越;无法……”。
beyond recognition在本句中意为“超出想象,认不出来”。
beyond还可以作副词用,意为“在远处;在更远处”。
I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.
那门课我得了A,我学到了可以受益一生的课堂之外的人生经验。
They have travelled to the north of Xinjiang and beyond.
他们已经去过新疆北部以及更远的地方。
【词汇拓展】
beyond recognition 认不出来
beyond description 难以描述(形容)
beyond one’s imagination 超乎某人的想象
beyond the limit 超过限度
beyond one’s power/control 超出某人的能力/控制
beyond one’s reach 够不着
beyond comparison 无可比拟
beyond oneself 超越自己
As a matter of fact,years of hard work changed her beyond recognition.
事实上,数年的辛苦劳作让人们认不出她了。
The driver was charged for driving beyond the speed limit.
那个司机被指控超速了。
The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,most of which are beyond our control.
植物的生长速度受很多因素的影响,其中大部分因素是我们无法控制的。

cure n.药剂;治愈;疗法　v.治愈;治疗
【课文原句】
Currently,there’s no cure for Alzheimer’s,but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.
目前,老年痴呆症还没有治愈方法。但是,科学家们正在研究提高老年痴呆症患者的生活质量的方法。
【词汇精讲】
句中cure是名词,意为“治疗方法”。cure还可以作动词用,意为“治愈;治疗”。
To make matters worse,Moth was diagnosed with a serious disease.There was no cure,only pain relief.
更糟糕的是,莫斯诊断出患了一种严重的疾病。这种病没有治愈方法,只能缓解疼痛。
His father borrowed a book to help cure him of his reading problem.
他的父亲借了一本书来帮他攻克他的阅读障碍。
【词汇拓展】
a cure for... 医治……的疗法
cure sb of... 治愈某人的疾病;改掉某人的坏习惯
Researchers find cures for certain diseases often by using the forests’ plant and animal life.
研究人员经常利用森林动植物来找出某些疾病的治疗方法。
The fresh air and quiet environment cured him of his sleeplessness.
新鲜的空气和安静的环境治愈了他的失眠。

injure v. 使受伤;弄伤
【课文原句】
And it is not just humans who are benefiting—in Brazil,people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
获益的不仅仅是人类——在巴西,人们给一只在森林火灾中受伤的乌龟安了一个3D打印的新壳!
【词汇精讲】
句中injure 是动词,意为“受伤”。
injured in a forest fire是过去分词短语作定语,修饰a turtle。
injure既为及物动词,表示“使受伤”,又为不及物动词,表示“受伤”之意。
He had his left leg injured while playing football.
他在踢足球时, 左腿受伤了。
He injured his left hand in a fire.
他在火灾中伤了左手。
【词汇拓展】
injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 伤员
be/get injured 受伤
injury n.伤害
A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning...
战争中受的伤使他的左手丧失了功能……
On his way back home,he saw a girl injured in a traffic accident.
他在回家的路上, 看到一个女孩在交通事故中受伤了。
He got injured during the basketball match,which made all of us worried.
他在篮球赛中受伤了,使我们都很担忧。
【易混辨析】
injure强调在事故中受到意外伤害;
wound常用来指在战争中受伤;
hurt既可以指身体的伤害,也可以指心灵精神的伤害。
The old man was seriously wounded during the World War Ⅱ.
这位老人在第二次世界大战中伤得很重。
Obviously,what you said had deeply hurt her.
显然你的话深深地伤害了她。
He got slightly injured in the car accident.
他在车祸中受了轻伤。

for instance 例如
【课文原句】
For instance,some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers.
例如,伦敦的一些饭店已经向顾客供应3D打印的汉堡包。
【词汇精讲】
句中for instance意为“例如”,相当于for example,在句子中多用作插入语,用逗号与主句隔开。位置可以在句首、句中或句末。
For instance,some TV shows have too much violence and crime.
举例来说, 有些电视节目中有太多的暴力和犯罪。
For instance,in 1957 most of the cars were gorgeous.
例如,在1957年大部分的汽车都是华丽的。
【词汇拓展】
for example 例如
such as 比如;诸如
【易混辨析】
for example和for instance差别很小,是列举整体之中的一个为例,for instance更加书面化。such as是一个介词短语,后面多放同类并列的几个名词,后面不接句子。
The household robot will do much housework,such as cooking dinner and sweeping the floor.
家用机器人可以干很多家务活,如做饭、扫地。
Swimming,for example,may help to protect against heart disease and other health problems.
例如,游泳有助于抵御心脏疾病和其他健康问题。
For instance,because shy people may prefer listening to talking,they sometimes become really good listeners.
例如,因为羞涩的人更愿意倾听而不是讲话,因此他们有时候能成为真正的倾听者。

mental adj.精神的;精神健康的;脑力的;心理的
【课文原句】
It is recognised as the most common mental disease among older people,and the number of sufferers is growing.
它被公认为是上了岁数的人中最常见的一种脑部疾病,并且患者的数量还在不断增加。
【词汇精讲】
句中mental是形容词,意为“脑力的,精神的”。
With your mental support,I firmly believe I can achieve what I want to do.
有了你的精神支持,我坚信我能够实现想要做我的事情。
Researchers find that these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain.
研究人员发现,这些脑力练习可以改变你的大脑。
【词汇拓展】
mentally adv. 精神上;智力上;心理上
physical adj. 身体的;物理的
physically adv. 身体上
Spending too much time playing computer games will do harm to your physical and mental health.
长时间玩电脑游戏有害身心健康。
Because of the heavy studying pressure,more and more students feel tired both physically and mentally and even sleep in class.
由于繁重的学习压力,越来越多的学生感到身心俱疲,甚至在课堂上睡觉。

significant adj.重要的;影响深远的
【课文原句】
But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.
但是,也许迄今为止人类取得的最重大的成功是在医学领域。
【词汇精讲】
句中significant为形容词,意为“重要的;影响深远的”。同时,它还有“重大的”之意。
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable,but they could mean significant changes.
在未来的几十年里,海洋发生的任何颜色变化都可能是非常缓慢而不引人注意的,但是这些变化可能意义重大。
Whether you are looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put to it are significant.
无论你是在看壁纸还是涂料,所付出的时间、精力和相关费用都是巨大的。
【词汇拓展】
significance n. 重要性,重大意义
be of (great) significance/importance to...对……有(重要)意义
attach significance/importance to...认为……重要
significantly adv.显著地;有重大意义地
Remember your effort today is of great significance to your future.
要记住你今天所做的努力对你的未来非常重要。
Education is a problem that we should attach great significance to.
教育是一个我们应该加以重视的问题。
【句式解析】
British biologist Charles Darwin(1809-1882) is best known for his work On the Origin of Species,in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection.
英国生物学家查尔斯·达尔文以著作《物种起源》而闻名,在这本书里他阐释了由于自然选择所引起的物种的变化。
【句式剖析】
句中“in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection”是“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词是“his work On the Origin of Species”,对《物种起源》这本著作的内容进行补充说明。
There are many newspapers and magazines that can help learn English,of which he likes China Daily best.
有很多报纸杂志可以帮助学习英语,其中他最喜欢《中国日报》。
I intended to take up a part-time job,through which I can broaden my horizon.
我打算做一份兼职工作,通过这份工作,我可以开阔视野。
The age in which we live is called “Information Age”.
我们所生活的时代被称为“信息时代”。
【句式拓展】
定语从句中介词放在关系代词的前面时,先行词指物,只能用which,不能用that;先行词指人,只能用whom,不能用who或that。
在非限制性定语从句中,“介词+which/who从句”中的介词不能移到从句的后面。
He has visited Beijing several times,in which there are many attractive tourist attractions.
他去北京游览了好几次,北京有很多迷人的旅游景点。
He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。
Tom is my best friend,to whom I will turn for help whenever I am in trouble.
汤姆是我最好的朋友,无论何时我有困难都会向他求助。

And it is not just humans who are benefiting—in Brazil,people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
获益的不仅仅是人类——在巴西,人们给一只在森林火灾中受伤的乌龟安了一个3D打印的新壳!
【句式剖析】
本句中“injured in a forest fire”是过去分词短语作定语,修饰“a turtle”。
意为“在一场森林火灾中受伤的”。
其中非谓语动词injure和被修饰限定的名词turtle之间是被动关系。
Earth Day,marked on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
世界地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。
As an athlete admitted into the 2022 Winter Olympic Games,he is training hard.
作为入选2022年冬奥会的运动员,他正在刻苦训练。
All my family watched the military parade held on the National Day with excitement and pride.
我的家人们怀着兴奋而骄傲的心情观看了国庆节举行的阅兵式。
【句式拓展】
过去分词作定语,非谓语动词和被修饰的名词之间是被动关系,常表示动作已经完成或发生,有时也不表示时间性。
一般情况下,单个的过去分词作定语,放在所修饰词之前;
过去分词短语作定语,往往放在所修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。
而现在分词作定语,非谓语动词和被修饰的名词之间则是主动关系,常表示动作正在进行。
分词作定语时,如果和修饰的名词用逗号隔开,则对修饰的名词起补充说明的作用,相当于一个非限定性定语从句。
When we got a call saying she was shot-listed,we thought it was a joke.
当我们接到电话说她入围的时候,我们以为这只是一个玩笑。
I thought the book referred to by Mr Brown was well worth reading.
我认为布朗先生提到的那本书很值得一读。
Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is one of the best universities in China.
清华大学建于1911年,是中国最好的大学之一。
【语法解析】
现在完成时的被动语态
基本概念：
现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成了影响或结果,主语为动作的承受者,表示“……已经被……”。通常与already,yet,recently,lately,since+从句,so far,in/during/over+一段时间等时间状语连用。
构成形式
肯定式:主语+have/has+been+过去分词
否定式:主语+have/has not+been+过去分词
一般疑问式:Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词？
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done？
Many teaching apps have been used by the teachers in our school in the past few years.
在过去的几年里,许多教学应用已经为我们学校的老师所使用。
The date for the voluntary activity hasn’t been decided yet.
志愿活动的日期还没有确定。
Have his parents been told the good news?
他的父母被告知这个好消息了吗?
—Have the cars been repaired?——这些汽车修好了吗?
—No,they haven’t.——不,还没有。
Where has your mobile phone been repaired?
你的手机是在哪儿修好的?
现在完成时的被动语态要注意的问题：
1.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别:一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去,对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态强调一个过去发生的被动动作对现在造成的结果和影响。
The houses were built in 1999.(只说明动作发生在过去)
Many new shelters have been built,which has helped the homeless.(强调动作对现在有影响,即帮助了那些无家可归的人)
2.用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时态的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
We won’t start the work until all the preparations have been made.
直到一切都准备好我们才会开始工作。
3.有些非延续性动词如finish,buy,start,begin,return,join,marry,open,die等,表示的动作很短暂。它们构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能够与表示一段时间的状语连用,如不能与for构成的短语、since构成的短语或引导的句子连用,也不能用于How long...?句型中。若要表达相应的意思,则需要更换动词或时态。
The book has been borrowed for two weeks.(F)
The book has been kept for two weeks.(T)
4.带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,take,offer,buy,show,tell,bring,teach,lend 等,变为被动语态时一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时,间接宾语前要用相应的介词。
My friends have offered me many practical suggestions.
Many practical suggestions have been offered to me by my friends.
I have been offered many practical suggestions by my friends.
5.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持其完整性,其中的介词或副词不能省略。
Recently the environmental problems have been paid attention to.
近来环境问题已经得到了关注。
【随堂专练】
**单词拼写
1.A balanced diet and regular exercise have a 　　　　　(重大的)effect on your health.?
2.The medicine is an effective　　　　　 (治疗)for your headache.?
3.With this method,we will save time,cut down experiment costs and produce more 　　　　　(精确的)results.?
4.Jack is an 　　　　　(才华横溢的) expert in computers,and he always solves the complex problems in a few minutes.?
5.Professor Wang will be invited to tell the foreign friends about the 　　　　　(起源)of the custom.?

**用动词的正确形式填空
1.Mo Yan’s works 　　　　　　　　　(translate) into several foreign languages over the past years.?
2.Fortunately,a lot of measures 　　　　　　　　(take) to deal with the problem.?
3.Classical Gardens in Suzhou　　　　　　　　　 (add) to the UNESCO World Heritage List.?
4.Much valuable information 　　　　　　　(send) back to the earth since the spacemen began their exploration in space.?
5.So far,a huge amount of money　　　　　　　 (spend) on his slimming gym.?

**把下列句子变为被动语态
1.As we all know,environmental pollution has greatly affected people’s health.

2.To my relief,my friends have offered two practical suggestions.

3.Fortunately,people have taken a lot of effective measures to prevent pollution.

4.People have used computers in offices and homes since the 1970s.

5.The local radio station has broadcast the programme many times.


**翻译句子
1.多亏了朋友们的无私帮助,我的身心都有了进步。

2.终有一天，人类会找到艾滋病的治疗方法。

3.事实上,科技的发展已经超出了我们的想象。

4.那个装饰着中国结的房间非常喜庆漂亮。

5.我的英语老师给了我很大的鼓励,对此我非常感激。


**语法填空
The Chinese language is widely used outside of China.International companies now realise 1.　　　　　　 is valuable for their employees to have Chinese language skills.Language is a helpful tool with 2.　　　　　　 people from different countries can communicate in education,economy,science and technology and yes,even politics.?
To learn a language is also 3.　　　　　　 (learn) about a culture.As China plays a more important role on the international stage,it will be 4.　　　　　　 (increasing) important for foreigners in any field to have more understanding of 5.　　　　　(it) culture and language.In the past decade the Chinese language 6. 　　　　　　(put ) to wider use worldwide,creating an ever-increasing number of learners of both the Chinese language and culture.So far,foreign students from more than 100 countries have begun to study Chinese via the Internet.?
Since the 7.　　　　　　 (begin) of this century,China’s growing wealth has led to the great popularity of the Chinese language,with millions of foreigners 8. 　　　　　　(study) it abroad.Already
9.　　　　　 growing number of elementary and middle schools in foreign countries are introducing Chinese 10.　　　　　　 the curriculum.?
In the coming years,the Chinese language will be used in more countries.
参考答案：
单句填词：
答案:significant
答案:cure
答案:accurate
答案:brilliant
答案:origin
答案:have been translated
答案:have been taken
答案:have been added
答案:has been sent
答案:has been spent
改被动语态：
1.As we all know,people’s health has been greatly affected by environmental pollution.
2.To my relief,two practical suggestions have been offered by my friends.
3.Fortunately,a lot of effective measures have been taken to prevent pollution.
4.Computers have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.
5.The programme has been broadcast many times by the local radio station.
翻译句子：
答案:Thanks to my friends’ selfless help,I have made progress physically and mentally.
答案:One day in the future humans will find a cure for AIDS.
答案:As a matter of fact,science and technology has developed beyond our imagination.
答案:The room decorated with the Chinese knots is very joyful and beautiful.
答案:My English teacher has given me much encouragement,for which I am very grateful.
语篇语法填空：
it;which;to learn;increasingly;it’s;has been put;beginning;studying;a;to