牛津译林版七年级英语上册全册知识点复习学案
目录
48个英语音标 .....................................1
复习1 比较级&最高级 .....................................3
复习2 一般过去式时 .....................................7
复习3 一般将来时 .....................................10
复习4 情态动词 .....................................14
复习5 名词的用法 .....................................18
复习6 代词的用法 .....................................21
复习7 冠词的用法 .....................................26
复习8 数词的用法 .....................................30
复习9 介词的用法 .....................................34
复习10 形容词的用法 .....................................38
复习11副词的用法 .....................................41
复习12 动词分类 .....................................45
预习1 宾语从句 .....................................50
预习2 词汇 .....................................54
预习3 句型 .....................................57
完型阅读作文综合练习1 .....................................60
完型阅读作文综合练习2 .....................................62
48个英语音标表 (20个元音+28个辅音)
单元音
(12个) 短元音 [i] [?] [?] [u] [Λ] [?] [e]
长元音 [i:] [?:] [?:] [u:] [ɑ:]
双元音(8个) [ai] [ei] [?i] [au] [?u] [i?] [e?] [u?]
清浊成对 的辅音
(10对) 清辅音
[p] [t] [k] [f] [?] [s] [tr] [ts] [∫] [t∫]
浊辅音
[b] [d] [g] [v] [?] [z] [dr] [dz]? [?] [d?]
其他辅音(8个)
[h] [m ] [n] [?] [l] [r] [w] [j]
知识点复习1:比较级&最高级
1.形容词及副词比较级及最高级的定义
大多数的形容词和副词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“A比B更……”,比较级前面可以用much, even, a little修饰。当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,需要用到形容词(副词)的最高级。表达“……是最……的”,用“the+形容词(副词)的最高级”的结构。
例如:He is much taller than I. 他比我要高得多。
I jump a little higher than he. 我跳得比他高一点点。
London is the biggest city in Britain. 伦敦是英国最大的城市。
She sings the best in Class Two. 二班她唱歌最好。
用法讲解
1. 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的变化规则
(1)规则变化的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级
一般在词尾直接加er或est。
例如:tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest
以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st。
例如:nice-nicer-nicest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est。
例如:heavy-heavier-heaviest
重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est。
例如:big-bigger-biggest
部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级。
例如:slowly-more slowly-most slowly;beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
(2)不规则变化的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
old older oldest
elder eldest
2. 形容词及副词比较级的句型:
1)“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。
例如: His brother is younger than I(me). 他弟弟比我年轻。
Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan. 北京比武汉更漂亮。
【注意】
①在比较级前有时可加一些修饰语,如much, a lot, a little, still, even等以示强调或加强语气。
例如:This box is a little heavier than yours. 这个箱子比你的要稍重一些。
This movie is much more interesting than that one. 这部影片比那部有趣得多。
②当比较级后面有of the two…之类的词语时,比较级前要加定冠词the。
例如:Lucy is the taller of the twins.Lucy是双胞胎中比较高的那个。
?③?very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。
2) as... as:……和……相同。 即:A+动词+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B,A,B两者程度相同。
例如:My uncle is as tall as your father. 我叔叔和你父亲一样高。
My dog is as old as that one. 我的狗与那个狗年龄一样大。
3) A+not+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B 表示A,B两者程度不同,即“A不如B那么……”。
例如:My uncle is not as tall as your father. 我叔叔不如你父亲高。
He can’t run as /so fast as you. 他没你跑得快。
4)“比较级+ and+比较级”或“more and more + 原级(多音节词和部分双音节词)”意为“越来越……”。
例如:Our city is more and more beautiful. 我们的城市越来越美丽了。
5)“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”意为“越……就越……”。
例如:The more you read, the more you know. 你书读得越多,你知道得就越多。
(2)形容词及副词最高级的句型:
1)…one of the +最高级+名词复数,意为“……之一”。
例如:Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.
鲁迅是上世纪最伟大的作家之一。
2)…最高级+of (in/among)…,意为“……之中,最……”。
例如:Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.
在所有的电影明星之中,我认为章子怡是最好的。
3) 形容词最高级前可用序数词限定,其结构为:the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词。
例如:Hainan is the second largest island in China. 海南是中国的第二大岛。
【注意】
①? 形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,但如果最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时,则不用定冠词。
例如:My oldest daughter is 16 years old. 我最大的女儿16岁。
② 形容词最高级的意义还可以用比较级形式表达。常见的有:
1)形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词。
例如:This book is more difficult than any other book here.= This book is the most difficult book of all.这些书当中这本最难。
2) 形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词。
例如:Asia is bigger than the other continents on the earth.亚洲是地球上最大的洲。
③?形容词最高级前若有不定冠词a,这时,它不表示比较,而表示“非常”的意思。
例如: Spring is a best season. 春天是一个非常好的季节。
【巩固练习】
I.写出下列形容词与副词的比较级及最高级形式。
1. long _________ _________ 2. wide _________ _________
3. fat _________ _________ 4. heavy_________ _________
5. far _________ _________ 6. interesting _________ _________
7. wet_________ _________ 8. hot _________ _________
9. nice _________ _________ 10. much _________ _________
II. 用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever) one.
2. Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).
3. My sister is two years _______ (old) than I.
4. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.
5. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John.
6. She will be much ______ (happy) in her new house.
IV. 完成句子,每空一词。
1. 我的哥哥比你高。
My brother is _________ _________ you.
2. 他不如他的弟弟外向。
He isn’t _________ _________ _________ his brother.
3. 我想我比杰克高一点。
I think I am _________ _________ _________ than Jack.
4. 春天来了,天气越来越暖和了。
Spring is coming, it gets _________ _________ _________.
5. 你学习越努力,成绩就会越好。
_________ _________ you study, _________ _________ grades you will get.
6. 那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的。
The girl with short hair is __________ __________ in our class.
7. 今天是一年中最热的一天。
Today is __________ __________ day of the year.
8.中国第二大城市是哪座城市?
Which is __________ __________ __________ __________ in China?
9. 他的房间是三个中最干净的一个。
His room is __________ __________ of the three.
10. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
The Yangtze River is __________ __________ __________ __________ ________ in the world.
V. 单项选择。
1. Water pollution is one of ___________ in our country.
A. serious problem B. the more serious problems
C. most serious problems D. the most serious problems
2. Of all the students in our class, Jack is ___________.
A. taller B. tallest C. the tallest D. very tall
3. This is ___________ book in our library.
A. the most interesting B. most interesting
C. the more interesting D. more interesting
4. I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ___________ one of all the movie songs.
A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful C. a beautiful D. much more beautiful
5. Mr. Smith thought the Century Park was the second ___________ in Shanghai.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. very large
6. ---- Are you feeling ____? ---- Yes,I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better
7.The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
8.If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
9. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three.
A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer
10.?The horse is getting old and can't run ___ it did.
A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as
11.?Canada is larger than ___ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
12.Which is___ country, Canada or Australia?
A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger
我的收获
习题整理
题目或题目出处 所属类型或知识点 分析及注意问题
好题
错题
注:本表格为建议样式,请同学们单独建立错题本,或者使用四中网校错题本进行记录.
学生:_______________ 家长:______________ 指导教师:________________
知识点复习2:一般过去时
概念引入
I. 何时使用一般过去时?
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。
例如:Lin Tao left for Shanghai at 8:00 yesterday morning.
林涛昨天早上八点去上海了。
He was ill last night.昨晚他生病了。
它可以具体分为以下几种情况:
1)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
例如:Li Tao always went to work by bus last term.上学期李涛一直乘公共汽车上学。
2)表示已故的人曾经做过的事情。
例如:Lao She wrote many great works. 老舍写过许多脍炙人口的作品。
3)表示过去所发生的一系列的动作。
例如:The old man came into the room, took off his clothes and went to bed.
这位老人走进屋,脱下衣服,然后上床睡觉了。
II.如何识别一般过去时?
每个时态都会有其独特的标志性词语(主要是时间状语),我们可以称其为“标志词”。
一般过去时常见的标志词有:
1. yesterday, the day before yesterday.
2. last week / year / month / term …(简称last系列)
3. two hours ago, three years ago, a moment ago…(简称ago系列)
4. in / on + 过去的年/月/日,如 in 1999, on April 1st, 2005
5. just now, once upon a time, one day…
用法讲解
Ⅰ. be动词的一般过去时。
在使用一般过去时的句子中,如果句子的谓语是be动词,就要将be动词变为过去式。
主语是第一、第三人称单数,be用was;如果是第二人称或者其他人称复数,be用were。它的一般疑问句是把was(were)提到句首;否定句是在was(were)的后面加not。
特殊疑问句是在一般疑问句的前面加特殊疑问词。
例如:My mother was busy last night. 我的妈妈昨天晚上很忙。(肯定句)
We weren’t at school at that time. 那时我们不在学校。(否定句)
Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗?(一般疑问句)
Where were you last night? 你昨天晚上在哪里?(特殊疑问句)
注意:there be句型中be动词的使用。
当主语是单数名词或者不可数名词时be动词用单数;当主语是名词复数时be动词用复数。
例如:There was a strong wind just now. 刚才有一阵强风。
There were many people in the supermarket last night. 昨天晚上超市有很多人。
Ⅱ. 行为动词的一般过去时。
1)基本用法。
谓语动词是行为动词的句子,在一般过去时中,要将作谓语的行为动词变成过去式。
行为动词的过去式。
例如:I wanted to have a rest just now. 我刚才想休息一下。
它的否定句要在谓语动词的前面加助动词didn’t,此时,谓语动词要变成原形。
例如:My mother watched TV last night. 我妈妈昨天晚上看电视了。(肯定句)
My mother didn’t watch TV last night. 我妈妈昨天晚上没有看电视。(否定句)
2)行为动词的过去式的构成。
在一般过去时的句子中,行为动词过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化。
规则变化有:
(1) 一般在动词的后面加-ed。例如:work-worked,look-looked。
(2) 以字母e结尾的动词,直接在词尾加-d。例如:like-liked,live-lived。
(3) 以重读闭音节结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。
例如:stop-stopped。
(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把字母y变为i再加-ed。例如:worry-worried。
不规则变化有:do/does-did,go-went,write-wrote,see-saw,
begin-began,have/has-had等。
注意:在英语中不符合变化规则的词很多,要特殊记忆。
3)行为动词的一般疑问句。
谓语动词是实义动词,一般疑问句要借助于助动词did。句型为:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语?其回答仍借助于助动词,肯定回答用did,否定回答用didn’t。
例如:— Did he watch TV last night? 他昨晚看电视了吗?
— Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. 是的,他看了。/ 不,他没有看。
4)行为动词的特殊疑问句。
行为动词的特殊疑问句句式是:“疑问词 + did + 主语 +实义动词 + 其他?”
What did you do the day before yesterday? 前天你们做什么了?
When did the Green family arrive? 格林一家什么时候到达的?
拓展:常见的特殊疑问词有:
人用who,whom;物用what;地点用where;时间用when,what time;
原因用why;频率用how often;长度用how long;距离用how far等。
例如:They went there last Sunday. (对划线部分提问)
When did they go there?
The boy stayed in Beijing for two years. (对划线部分提问)
How long did the boy stay in Beijing?
【巩固练习】
Ⅰ. 单项选择。
1. My mother ______ an important meeting last night.
A. has B. have C. had D. will have
2. -_______ your sister _______ her homework yesterday? -No, she didn’t.
A. Does; does B. Did; do C. Did; did D. Is; did
3. Your sister _______ her friend last Sunday.
A. isn’t visit B. doesn’t visit C. didn’t visit D. won’t visit
4. -When ____ you _____ this article? - I ______ it last week.
A. will; write; write B. do; write; wrote C. did; write; wrote D. did; write; write
5. Tommy is looking for the watch his uncle ____ him last month.
A. gives B. gave C. to give D. has given
6. — When ______ you _______ the bike? — Last month.
A. have; bought B. had; bought C. do; buy D. did; buy
7. — _____ was your vacation?
— It was great.
A. Where B. How C. What D. When
8. — ______ did they go last Friday evening?
— In the park.
A. Which B. When C. What D. Where
9. — When ______ you come here?
— Two years ago. I have been here for two years.
A. do B. will C. did D. have
10. — Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter?
— I ______ well last night.
A. didn’t sleep B. don’t sleep C. haven’t slept D. won’t sleep
11. I ______ late for the class because I ______ill yesterday.
A. were; were B. am; were C. am; am D. was; was
12. There ______ a film in the cinema last night.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
13. It ______ cold yesterday, but it ______ warm today.
A. is; is B. was; was C. is; was D. was; is
14. There ______ a ball and two books on the table just now.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
15. Last Sunday my aunt ______ at home with me. We were watching TV all day.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10)?
1.?I?_________?(have)?an?exciting?party?last?weekend.?
2.?_________?she?_________(practice)?her?guitar?yesterday???????No,?she?_________.?
3.?They?all?_________(go)?to?the?mountains?yesterday?morning.?
4.?She?_________(not?visit)?her?aunt?last?weekend.?
三、翻译下列句子(20)?
1.?我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。?
??I?_________?_________?__________?__________?exciting?weekend.?
2.?Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。?
??Jenny?likes?_________?__________.?She?_________?an?English?book?last?night.?
3.?Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。?
??Emma__________?TV?every?day.?But?he?_________?________?________?yesterday.?
4.?上周六他们做什么了?他们做作业和购物了。?
???What?________?they?_________?_________?Saturday??
???They?_________?__________?homework?and?_________?__________.?
四、改写句子:(20)?
1、Lucy?did?her?homework?at?home.(改否定句)
Lucy?________?_______?her?homework?at?home.?
2、He?found?some?meat?in?the?fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)??
?___________?he?__________?___________?meat?in?the?fridge??
3、There?was?some?orange?in?the?cup.(变一般疑问句)
_______?there?_______?orange?in?the?cup???
?Why?not?go?out?for?a?walk??(同义句)?_______?________?________?out?for?a?walk?
我的收获
习题整理
题目或题目出处 所属类型或知识点 分析及注意问题
好题
错题
注:本表格为建议样式,请同学们单独建立错题本,或者使用四中网校错题本进行记录.
学生:_______________ 家长:______________ 指导教师:________________
知识点复习3:一般将来时
概念引入
1.The spaceship will leave the Earth at 9 a. m. 宇宙飞船将在上午9:00离开地球。
2.It’ll take us to the Moon.它将把我们带到月球。
3.When we arrive,I’m going to walk on the Moon.当我们到达时,我将在月球上行走。
4.Are the dogs going to come with us? 狗和我们一起来吗?
句1,2含有助动词will,句3,4含有be going to结构,这四句话都是一般将来时。
本单元我们主要学习will和be going to构成的一般将来时。
用法讲解
一、基本概念
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用。
例如:I am going to / will watch a football match on TV this evening.
今天晚上我将在电视上看一场足球比赛。
二、基本结构
一般将来时的结构一般由“助动词will+动词原形”或“be going to+动词原形”构成。
will是助动词,前面的主语不管是什么人称,其后总用will。
will的否定形式是will not,缩略形式是won’t。
三、时间状语
一般将来时常用的时间状语:tomorrow, tonight, the day after tomorrow, next week
(month, year …), this afternoon, evening …, soon, in the year 2010, in + 时间段等。
例如:Tom will come back in two days.汤姆两天后回来。
I’ll be more careful from now on.从现在起我会更加小心的。
四、基本句型
(1)肯定句
1)主语+will+动词原形+其他
He will come here at once.他马上来这儿。
2)主语+be going to+动词原形+其他
We are going to climb the hill this afternoon.我们打算今天下午去爬山。
(2)否定句
1)主语+ will + not + 动词原形+其他
He will not(won’t)go to the party.他不去参加聚会。
2)主语+be + not + going to+动词原形+其他
He isn’t going to do morning exercises tomorrow.明天他不去做早操。
(3)一般疑问句
1)Will+主语+动词原形+其他?
Will he help you with your English? 他会帮助你学习英语吗?
2)Be动词(Am,Is,Are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?
Are you going to play computer games tomorrow afternoon?
你打算明天下午玩电脑游戏吗?
(4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?
—What will the students have for lunch today? 学生们今天午饭吃什么?
—They will have bread.他们将吃面包。
五、注意的问题
(1)主语是第一人称I; we 时,常用助动词 shall + 动词原形。否定形式是shall 后
加not构成,shall not可缩写成shan’t。
例如:We shall be very happy if you accept it. 如果你接受了它,我们将会很高兴。
I shall write you a letter next month. 下个月我会给你写信。
We shan’t be in the same room all day. 我们不会整天待在同一房间里。
(2)在问对方是否愿意, 或表示客气的邀请时,常用 will。
例如:Will you go to the zoo with me? 你愿意和我去动物园吗?
Will you please open the door? 请打开门好吗?
(3)在表示建议或征求对方意见时,用 shall。
例如:Shall we go at ten? 我们在10:00走好吗?
六、There be句型与含有will和be going to的一般将来时
(1)There be句型与含有will的一般将来时基本结构:
There will be +名词+其他成分
例如:There will be only one country in the future. 未来会只有一个国家。
(2)There be句型与含有be going to的一般将来时基本结构:
There is / are going to be +名词+其他成分(注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。)
例如:There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.
下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。
注意:无论后面加单数名词或名词的复数形式,be都必须用原形。
七、be going to与will 的区别
(1)be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。
例如:He is going to write a letter tonight. 今晚他打算写一封信。
He will write a book one day. 有一天他会写一本书。
(2)be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
例如:I think our team is going to win the game. 我认为我们队会赢得比赛。
He will be twenty years old next year. 明年他就20岁了。
(3)be going to含有“计划,准备”的意思,而will则没有这个意思。
例如:I’m going to spend my holiday in a village. 我打算在一个小村子里度假。
He will be here in half an hour. 他一小时后到达这里。
(4)在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 be going to, 而多用will。
例如:We’ll have a picnic if my father is free. 如果我父亲有空,我们会去野餐。
(5)be going to 表示根据目前迹象推断将要发生的事情,而在没有迹象表明的
情况下进行的猜测用“will和be going to”皆可。
例如:Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 你看天上的云。快下雨了。
I think the weather will be nice.
I think the weather is going to be nice.
我想天会变晴朗的。
【巩固练习】
I. 选择填空。
1. — You look excited.
— Yes, I am. I _____ Jackie Chan’s new movie in Dalian this evening.
A. was going to B. went to C. am going to D. have gone to
2. There are many clouds coming. It _________ rain soon.
A. will B. is going to C. looks like D. likes
3.. — There _____ two football matches on TV tomorrow afternoon.
— Really? That’s great.
A. will have B. are going to be C. is going to be D. are going to have
4. There is going to _____ a report ____ Chinese history in our school this evening.
A. have, on B. be, on C. have, for D. be, of
II. 完成句子,每空一词。
1. 下个星期一你打算去干什么? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?
I _______ ________ _______ play basketball.
2. 你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
3. 如果天气好,我们明天去钓鱼。
If it _______ fine tomorrow, we _______ go fishing.
III. 句式转换,每空一词。
1. Nancy is going to go camping.(改为否定句)
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
2. I’ll go and join them.(改为否定句)
I _______ go ______ join them.
3. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改为一般疑问句)
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30?
4. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
5. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ ________ father and mother going to see a play?
6. We are going to play ping-pong on Saturday. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
— __________ __________ going to play ping-pong on Saturday?
— __________, we __________.
7. They’re going to the Sun Island by bus. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________they __________ __________ the Sun Island?
8. Linda has lunch at school on Tuesday. (用next Tuesday改写)
Linda __________ __________ __________ __________ lunch at school next Tuesday.
9. We shall walk and chat in the park.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ __________ __________ in the park?
我的收获
习题整理
题目或题目出处 所属类型或知识点 分析及注意问题
好题
错题
学生:_______________ 家长:______________ 指导教师:________________
知识点复习4:情态动词
概念引入:
情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,
另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。
用法讲解
I、常见情态动词的用法
一、can 的用法:
(1) 表示能力。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”,即有某种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力。
例如:She can swim fast, but I can’t. 她能游得很快,但我不能。
I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。
(2) 表示许可,常在口语中。
例如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
(3) 表示推测。
表示推测时,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t 译为“不可能”。
例如:—Can?the man?be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?
—No,?he can’t be our teacher.?Our teacher?is on a visitto the Great Wall.
不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。
二、could的用法:
(1) can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。例如:
He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。
(2) could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时 could 没有过去式。例如:
Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?
—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗?
—Yes, you can.可以。
三、may的用法:
(1) 表示请求、许可,比can 正式。例如:
May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?
You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。
(2) 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中,过去式为might,
可能性低于may。 例如:
It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。
He is away from school. He might be sick. 他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。
(3) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+动词。 例如:
May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。
May you be happy! 祝你幸福!
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
四、must的用法:
(1) must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”,其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要、不许”。 例如:
You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须待在这儿。
You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。
You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。
(2) 对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或 don’t have to。
例如:—Must I finish my homework? 我现在必须完成作业吗?
—No, you needn’t.不,你不必。
(3) must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。例如:
The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。
注意:反意疑问句的构成形式:
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。
例如:
You must met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday, didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
五、need的用法:
(1) need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,
意为“没有必要,不必”。用need 提问时,肯定回答为 must,否定回答为 needn’t
或don’t have to。 例如:
— Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗?
— Yes, you must. 是的。
—No, you needn’t /don’t have to. 不, 你不必。
(2) need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语,后
边多接动词不定式。例如:
I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。
He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。
(3)如果是物作主语,一般用need doing 与 need to be done。这种情况应注意两点:
1) 主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;
2) 该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如:
The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。
Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了。
六、shall 的用法:
shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一人称),例如:
Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?
七、should的用法:
should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务等。例如:
We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。
八、will 的用法:
will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。例如:
I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空,我就会帮你。
II、情态动词易混点归纳
易混点一: can和be able to
两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式,在其他时态中
要用be able to 来表示。另外 be able to常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。
例如:Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。
He could speak English at the age of 5. 他五岁时 就会说英语。
I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。
易混点二:can和may
1. can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。例如:
Can / May I help you? 我能帮助你吗?
2. can 和may 表示可能性时的区别:
1) 在肯定句中用 might,may,must,不用can。
She may be in the classroom. 她可能在教室里。
2) 在疑问句中表示推测用can,不用 might,may,must。
Where can they be now? 他们现在可能在哪儿?
3) 在否定句中用can’t(不可能), 不用 may, must。 例如:
That can’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
易混点三:can’t 和 mustn’t
1. can’t 根据其基本用法可译为:
(1) 不会,不能。例如:
I can’t speak English. 我不会说英语。
We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了,我们现在干不了。
(2) 否定句中表示推测,意为“不可能”。例如:
The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.
那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多。
2. mustn’t 意为“禁止、不许”,用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气。 例如:
You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了。
易混点四:must 和 have to
1. must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要,例如:
I know I must study hard. 我知道我必须努力学习。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.
我弟弟病得厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请来。
2. have to有多种时态和人称形式变化;而must只有现在时一种形式。例如:
He said he must go with me.他说他必须同我一起去。
We had to borrow a lot of money.我们不得不借一大笔钱。
【巩固练习】
一、选用can, may, must, can’t, mustn’t, needn’t, should, could 填空。
1. There is air around us, though we ________ see it.
2. Your mother is getting better and better. You_______ worry about her.
3. You _______ play football in the busy street.
4.“_______ it be true ?” “Yes. It _______ be true indeed.”
5. Tom _______ come to the party tonight, but I’m not sure.
6. _______ you please fetch me some water for me?
7. Young trees ________ be planted in spring.
8.“Must we hand in our exercise books today?”
“Yes, you ______.” “No, you ________.”
9.“May I take this magazine out of the reading-room?”
“No, you _______.”
10. Please speak a little louder so that I _______ hear you.
二、选择填空。
1. — I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.
— No. She ______ be there, I have just been there.
A.can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
2. — _______ I borrow your MP3?
— Sure. Here you are.
A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would
3. — May I go to the cinema, mum?
— Certainly, but you ________ be back by 11 o’clock.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
4. You ______ get there by bus.
A. don’t need B. needn’t to C. don’t need to D. need don’t to
5. You _______ worry about me. It’s nothing serious.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
6. — Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please?
—Sorry, I’m not sure. But it _______ be.
A. might B. mustn’t C. can’t D. must
7. The man in the office _______ be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
8. — Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?
— I’d like to, but I _______ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.
A. need B. must C. have to D. should
9. — May I take this book out of the reading room?
—______. Please read it here.
A. Certainly B. No, you needn’t C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you may not
10. — Could I use your dictionary?
— Of course, you ______.
A. can B. should C. could D. must
我的收获
习题整理
题目或题目出处 所属类型或知识点 分析及注意问题
好题
错题
学生:_______________ 家长:______________ 指导教师:_________________
知识点复习5:名词的用法
真题再现
1. The _____ often eat grass on the hill.
A. chicken B. horse C. cow D. sheep
2. The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of ___________ from it.
A. thing B. message C. informations D. information
3. My _________ skirt is on the chair.
A. sisters' B. sister C. sisters D. sister's
4. A friend of my _______ and I are going to visit _______ next week.
A. father; Browns B. father’s; the Browns C. father; the Browns. D. father’s; Browns
5. This is ____________ computer.
A. Ann’s and Tom B. Ann and Tom’s C. Ann and Tom D. Ann’s and Tom’s
6. -Where does your uncle work, Jack?
-In a ________ in Paris. He is a policeman.
A. TV station B. book store C. post office D. police station
7. I like _________ best of all the vegetables.
A. potatoes B. tomato C. bread D. rice
用法讲解
可数名词和不可数名词
英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般
有单数和复数两种形式。
可数名词的单数变为复数的规则为:
1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
如:book-books; pen-pens; eraser-erasers
2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
如:bus-buses;box-boxes;watch-watches
3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。
如:baby-babies; country-countries; city-cities
注意:如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。 如:boy-boys;toy-toys
4)以f或者fe结尾的大多数可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f或fe变为v再加-es。
如:wife-wives;leaf-leaves;knife-knives
5)以字母o结尾的可数名词,其复数形式一般加-s,或-es。
如:photo-photos,radio-radios,piano- pianos, tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes
6)一些特殊变化的复数形式。
如:man/woman-men/women; child-children;
foot-feet;tooth-teeth; mouse-mice
7)有些名词的单复数形式相同:
如:sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,yuan(元), jin (斤)
注意:有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。当这些名词指代一个单位、机构或被看成一个整体时,作单数形式理解;如果表示这个群体的所有成员,通常被看作复数。常用的这类词有:
class 班级; team 队(员); family 家庭/人; government 政府; group 组(员
The family is not large. 这个家庭不大。(指家庭这个整体)
The family are all music lovers. 这一家人都是音乐爱好者。(指家庭中的成员)
Almost all families in this village have taken part in the program. (指多个家庭)
在这个村庄几乎所有家庭都参加了这个节目。
2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法
1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。如:
The rich man has a lot of money.那个富人有很多钱。
There is some milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。
Is there any water in the glass?杯子里有一些水吗?
I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.
我不喜欢冬天,因为有太多的冰和雪。
2)用a piece of 这类定语修饰不可数名词。
a piece of paper ; a piece of wood; a piece of bread
a bottle of orange ; a glass of water(milk); a cup of tea
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数。
two cups of tea; four pieces of paper; three glasses of water; three bags of rice
3. 名词所有格
名词所有格是中考的重点。名词所有格表示人或者事物的所有及所属关系,在句子中作定语。
1)表示人或者有生命的名词的所有格的形式,单数名词的后面加“-’s”。
如:This is my father’s car. 这是我父亲的汽车。
2)表示集体、时间、距离、世界、国家等名词的所有格也可以用“-’s”形式。
如:Is there anything strange in today’s newspaper?
今天报纸上有什么特别的消息吗?
3)表示无生命的名词所有格要用of+名词的形式,有时也用于有生命的名词。
如:Look at the map of China, please. 请看这张中国地图。
I know the girl’s name/ the name of the girl. 我知道这个女孩的名字。
注意:1)用连词and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同所有关系时,只在最后一个名词的后面加-’s;如果两个名词分别所有,则在两个名词的后面分别加 -’s。
? 如:This is Li Lei and Li Ping’s father. 这是李雷和李平的父亲。(两个人共同的父亲)
These are Li Lei’s and Li ping’s books.? 这些是李雷和李平的书。(两个人各自所有)
2)以s或es结尾的复数名词,其所有格在s的后面加’;
不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式仍然要加-’s。
如:It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to my school.
从我家到学校步行大约十分钟。
Here is the Children’s Palace. 这里是少年宫。
3)双重所有格:
“of +名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。如果在表示所属物的
名词前有冠词、数词, 不定代词或指示代词时,常用双重所有格。
例如:Tom is a friend of my father’s. 汤姆是我父亲的一位朋友。
I gave him two photos of mine. 我给了他我的两张照片。
巩固练习
I.单项选择。
1. Mr. Black gave us ____ on how to learn English well.
A. an advice B. many advices C. some advice D. some advices
2. You can get much ______ about the World Expo on the Internet.
A. map B. picture C. ticket D. information
3. I saw many _________ eating grass on the hill.
A. horse B. cow C. rabbit D. sheep
4. I don’t think looking after children is just work.
A. woman B. woman’s C. women D. women’s
5. The hospital is a bit far from here. It’s about _______.
A. forty minutes walk B. forty minute’s walk
C. forty minutes’ walks D. forty minutes’ walk
6. There are a lot of ______ planting trees on the hill.
A. boy B. people C. girl D. student
7. -Your English is very good. Who taught you?
-Nobody. I taught ______.
A. me B. him C. himself D. myself
8. Listen! The ______ are singing in the next room.
A. twins babies B. twin babies C. twins’ baby D. twin’s baby
9. We all think football is not only ____ game. Some girls like football, too.
A. a boy’s B. boy’s C. boys’ D. the boys’
10. There are a lot of yellow _____ on the tree when autumn comes.
A. leafs B. leaves C. apple D. banana
11. There are about one hundred teachers in our school. Two thirds of them are _______.
A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher
12.— They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?
— Certainly.
A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters
13.Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.
A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear
14.There is some _______ on the plate.
A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears
15.The______ has two _______ .
A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch
II. 用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。
1. Please take some ________ (medicine) and stay in bed for two days.
2. The baby has already had four ______ (tooth) when she was seven months old.
3. Could you help me to clean the fallen _______ (leaf) on the ground?
4. We need a lot of ______ (dictionary) in our class. Could you buy some for us?
5. We had better take three ________ (week) holidays after the hard work.
6. -Whose car is this?
-I think it must be your ________ (father).
7. I hear the yellow car is ________ (Dave and Jane).Is it right?
8. Our teacher is very angry with your brother because he made many ___ (mistake) in his homework
9. There is a lot of ______ (salt) in my soup. It is too salty to drink.
10. The Olympic Flame was carried to different ________ (city) in China.
我的收获
习题整理
题目或题目出处 所属类型或知识点 分析及注意问题
好题
错题
学生:_______________ 家长:______________ 指导教师:_________________
知识点复习6:代词的用法
真题再现
1. Lily and her sister look the same. I can’t tell one from_______.
A. other B. another C. the other D. others
2. There are many flowers and trees on ______sides of the Century Road.
A. each B. every C. both D. all
3. It’s polite to take ______ flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend.????
A. little B. any C. some
4. —Is your brother running in the park?
—No, ______ is swimming in the river.
A. she B. his C. her D. he
5. The students are helping the old man clean ______ house now.
A. her B. him C. his
6. —Where is my pen?
—Oh, sorry, I have taken________ by mistake.
A. yours B. mine C. hers D. his
7. My English is so poor, please help________ to improve it.
A. me B. I C. my D. mine
8. Mrs. Brown is nice. Every day she tried to cook __________ for me during my stay in Canada.
A. something different B. anything different C. noting different
用法讲解
人称代词
人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”等的词,
有人称、数和格的变化。
单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he, she, it him, her, it they them
人称代词的用法:
1)作主语(用主格)
We all like maths very much. 我们都很喜欢数学。
2)作宾语(用宾格)
Would you mind giving her a hand? 你能帮帮她吗?
I’m very pleased with it. 我对它很满意。
3)作表语(口语常用宾格)
Open the door, please. It’s me. 请打开门,是我。
注意:两个或者两个以上的人称代词并列的时候,单数形式排列一般是:第二人称在前面,第三人称在中间,第一人称在后面。
如:You, he and I are all your father’s students. 我、你和他都是你父亲的学生。
2. 物主代词 物主代词表示所有关系,它可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种形式。
单 数 复 数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
形容词性
物主代词 my your his, her, its our your their
名词性
物主代词 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs
1)名词性物主代词可以在句子中作主语、表语和宾语,相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。
如:This isn’t my coat. Mine (=my coat) has been put in the classroom.
这不是我的大衣,我的(大衣)已经放在教室里了。
A student of his (= his students) has gone to America.他的一个学生去美国了。
2)形容词性物主代词在句子中作定语,后面接名词。
如:This is my book. 这是我的书。
反身代词
表示“某人自己”的代词,叫反身代词。
反身代词的构成是:第一人称和第二人称是“物主代词+-self/selves”,
第三人称是“宾格代词+-self/selves”;单数形式是加-self,复数形式是加-selves。
重点记忆下面的短语:
by+oneself某人独自 enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得开心
teach oneself 自学 help oneself to… 随便吃、喝……
如:Help _________ to some fish, children! 孩子们,随便吃点鱼吧。
解析:本空用反身代词的复数形式yourselves和动词help表示“请随便吃点鱼”的意思。
这里的yourselves指代孩子们自己,所以用复数形式。
注意:反身代词没有所有格形式,但是可以用形容词性物主代词+own表示所有格含义。
如:Please retell the story, using your own words.请用自己的话来复述这个故事。
不定代词
不定代词有: some (something,somebody,someone),any (anything,anybody,anyone),
no (nothing,nobody,no one), every (everything,everybody,everyone),all,each,
both,much,many,(a) little,(a) few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等。
1)a few, a little, few, little
few和a few经常用来修饰或者代替可数名词;a little和little经常用来修饰或者
代替不可数名词。a few和a little的意思是“有一点、有几个”,表示肯定的意义;
few和little的意思是“很少、几乎没有”,表示否定的意义。
如:We have a few friends here. 我们在这里有几个朋友。
我的杯子里有一点水。请喝点吧。
My father has few friends in the factory.
我的爸爸在这家工厂里几乎没有朋友。
There is little time left. We must hurry up.
几乎没有时间了,我们必须快点。
2)one,it,this,that
one可以泛指任何人和事物,可以用在形容词和指示代词this和that的后面代替上
文提到的可数名词,它的复数形式是ones。
如:-There are a lot of socks in the shop. What color do you want?
商店有许多袜子,你要什么颜色的?
-I want the red ones. 我要红色的。
it是指上文提到的或者下文将要提到的人、事物和情况。
如:-Who is speaking out of the door? 谁在门外面说话?
-I don’t know. It may be your father. 我不知道。可能是你的爸爸。
this和that是指示代词,this一般用来指时间和空间上比较近的人或者事物。
如:This is my father. 这是我的爸爸。
that一般用来指时间和空间上比较远的人或者事物。
如:What’s that over there? 那是什么?
3)the others,the other, another
the others是表示在特定范围内的其他的人或者事物,它表示剩下的其他全部。
如:Five students in my class are girls, the others are all boys.
我们班有5个学生是女生,其他的全部是男生。
another是指三个或者三个以上的范围中的“另一个、再/又一个”,修饰单数名词,
如果与复数名词连用的时候,复数名词的前面必须有基数词,意思是“另外的”。
如:This shirt is too big; I’ll try another. 这件衬衫太大了;我试件别的。
I want to have another two apples. 我想再要两个苹果。
the other是指两个中的另一个人或者事物,经常和one连用,构成one… the other结构,
表示“(两个中)一个……,另一个……”。
如:He took a book in one hand, and a bag in the other.
他一只手拿着一本书,另一只手拿着一个包。
4)something, anything, nothing,everything
something的意思是“某些事物”,主要用于肯定句中;有时也用于疑问句中表示请求。
如:The teacher wants to tell you something about the exam.
老师想要告诉你一些关于考试的事情。
Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么吗?
everything的意思是“每件事物”,主要用于肯定句中,在否定句中表示部分否定。
如:Your teacher has already told me everything about your family.
你的老师把你家庭的一切事情都告诉了我。
I don’t know everything about him. 我并不知道他的每一件事。
anything的意思是“任何事物”,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。
如:Do you have anything to do tonight? 你今天晚上有什么事情要做吗?
Our teacher didn’t say anything at the meeting. 我们的老师在会议上什么也没有说。
nothing的意思是“没有任何事物”,是表示否定意义的不定代词。
如:I did nothing for your exam. 对你的考试我什么事情也没有做。
注意:形容词修饰something, anything, everything, nothing等时,要放在不定代词后面。
如:I have something important to deal with. 我有重要的事要处理。
5)all,both,either,neither,none
all表示三者或者三者以上都如何。它的否定词是none,意思为“没有一个”。
如:We'll all come here to help you. 我们大家都会来帮助你。
None of us can answer his question. 我们中没有一个人能回答他的问题。
both是表示两者之间的人或者事物都如何。它的否定词是neither。
如:Both of my parents are farmers. 我的父母都是农民。
Neither of us are your teachers. 我们两个都不是你的老师。
either意思为“两者之间的任何一个”。
如:I have two tickets. Either you or your brother can go with me.
我有两张票,你或者你的弟弟可以和我一起去。
6)many,much
这两个单词是同义词,都表示“许多”的意思。many的后面用可数名词的复数形式;much用来修饰不可数名词。
如:They have many friends in our school.
他们在我们的学校有很多朋友。
My sister has much homework to do tonight.
我妹妹今天晚上有许多家庭作业要做。
5. 关系代词和疑问代词
1)关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词。
?它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中被定语
从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。?
如: He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。???????
2)疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等,在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。
疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)
如:Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。
【巩固练习】
I. 单项选择
1. —Is the woman a teacher?
—Yes. She teaches ________ English.
A.you B.us C.our D.your
2. — We don’t know _____ he is.
— He is a doctor.
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
3. — How was your visit to the World Park in Beijing?
— Wonderful! We enjoyed _____ very much.
A. itself B. myself C. yourselves D. ourselves
4. Whatever you do, ____ is difficult if you put your heart into it.
A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything
5. —Excuse me, is this _______ new camera? —Yes, it’s _______.
A. your; my B. your; mine C. yours; my D. yours; mine
6. An old friend of my sister’s always helps my brother and______with______English.
A. I; our B. me; ourselves C. I; my D. me; our
7. —When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?
—_____ is OK. I’m free these days.
A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither
8. —Wow! You’ve got so many skirts.
—But________ of them is in fashion now.
A.all B.both C.neither D.none
9. Please give ______ English book to her.
A. me B. I C. mine D. my
10. — Where is my notebook?
— I don’t know. It isn’t here. Maybe _____ took it away by mistake.
A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody
11. ______ are all college students, so we can help the old man solve the problem.
A. You, he and I B. He, you and I C. You, I and he D. I, he and you
12. Look at those red bags. ______ are all for _______.
A. They; they B. We; you C. They; us D. We; them
13. Can you take these apples to ______? _______ are all in the box, too.
A. your; Yours B. him; Him C. yours; Her D. her; Yours
14. -Could I talk to you for ______ minutes, Mike?
-Sorry, I have ______ time.
A. a few;? little B. little; few C. few; little D. a little; a few
15. -Who is singing in the classroom?
-______ must be my sister. She likes singing.
A. It B. She C. This D. He
16. These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _______ one.
A. other B. others C. the others D. another
17. -Your English is very good. Who taught you?
-Nobody. I taught ______.
A. me B. him C. himself D. myself
18. I have two brothers. One is a teacher, and ______ is a doctor.
A. other B. the other C. another D. the others
19. There is _____ salt left, so you need to buy some this afternoon.
A a few B. few C. a little D. little
20. — Do you know everyone from Class One? — Er…, I know some of ______.
A. they B. their C. theirs D. them
我的收获
习题整理
题目或题目出处 所属类型或知识点 分析及注意问题
好题
错题
学生:_______________ 家长:______________ 指导教师:_________________
知识点复习7:冠词的用法
考试要求:中考关于冠词的考查要求是:冠词虽然只有a/an和the三个,却是中考必考语言点之一。题型一般以单项选择题为主,主要考查不定冠词的用法区别,定冠词和不定冠词的区别等,内容主要集中在表示类别的方法、定冠词表示特指、不用冠词的情况、冠词的习惯用法等。
真题再现
1. —Be careful ! There is_______dog lying on the ground.
—Thanks a lot.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. Victor can play_______ piano. He can join the music club.
A. a B. an C. the
3. There is no living thing on _______ moon.
A. the B. a C. 不填
4. Bill likes playing _______ basketball, but he doesn’t like playing _______ piano.
A. the, the B. /, the C. the, /
5. ______ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.
A. / B. A C. An D. The
6. —What _______ bad weather it is today!
—Yes, _______?weather makes me so sad.
A. a; a B. /; the C. an; the D. the; a
7. —_______ is your mother?
—She is _______ English teacher.
A.Who; the B.What; / C.What; an D.Who; a
8._______15th International Film Festival will be held in Shanghai.
A. The B. An C. A D.?/
知识总结:
不定冠词的用法:
不定冠词包括a/an,意思相当于one, 很多情况下可以译成“一”、“每”。
a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。
如:We saw a good film last night. 昨晚我们看了一部好电影。
Please give me an apple. 请给我一个苹果。
1)表示一类人或者一类事物中的一个。
He’s an English teacher. 他是个英语老师。
2)泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。
A girl is waiting for you at the school gate. 一个女孩在校门口等你。
3) 用在事物的单位,如:时间、速度、价格等前,表示“每一”。
-How much are the oranges? 桔子多少钱?
-Two yuan a kilo. 每公斤两元。
4) 用在某一些固定搭配的短语中。
如:a lot of 许多 a little/ a few 一点 after a while 一会儿 in a hurry 匆忙地
have a look 看一看 have a good time 玩得高兴 have a cold 感冒
2. 定冠词的用法:
定冠词the主要对后面的名词起限定作用,“特指”是它的主要功能。
1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
The apple on the plate is for you. 盘子里的苹果是你的。
2) 说话双方都知道的人或者事物。
Please go and close the door. 请过去把门关上。
3) 指上文刚提到的人或物。
I found a picture in the box. The picture was very beautiful.
我在箱子里发现了一幅画。那幅画非常美丽。
4) 用在世界上独一无二的事物前面。
The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。
5) 用在序数词和形容词的最高级前面。
You are the best student in our school. 你是我们学校最好的。
Don’t put off what you should do to the last second.
不要把该做的事拖到最后时刻。
6) 与单数名词连用,表示某类人或事物。
The tiger is a fierce animal. 老虎是一种凶猛的动物。
7) 用在演奏的乐器名称和文艺活动场所前。
The little girl likes playing the violin.
那个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。
8) 用在某一些固定搭配的习惯用语中。
in the morning 在上午 by the way 顺便说一下 at the same time 同时
in the middle of 在……中间 make the bed 铺床 all the time 一直
3. 不用冠词(零冠词)的情况:
1) 物质名词表示泛指时不用冠词。
Wood can be used to make paper. 木材可以用来造纸。
2)抽象名词表示一种概念时不用冠词。
Music is a language which can bring people pleasure.
音乐是一种能给人们带来快乐的语言。
3)表示国名、地名、人名、城市、街道和字首为Mount的山及大多数湖泊的
专有名词前不用冠词。
如:China,Mary,Mount Tai。
4)四季、月份、节假日、日期和星期等名词前不用冠词。
They will have a football match on Friday.
星期五他们将有一场足球赛。
注意:当谈论具体的季节、日期和中国传统节日时常用定冠词。
I don’t like the spring of Beijing. It’s too sandy.
我不喜欢北京的春天,沙尘太多了。
5) 一日三餐、球类运动前不用冠词。
My brother is playing basketball with his friends now.
我弟弟正在和朋友们打篮球。
6)表示学科、语言的名词前不用冠词。
Physics is more popular than any other subject in our school.
我们学校物理比其他学科更受欢迎。
7)名词复数表示一类人或事物不用冠词。
Pandas are very lovely animals. 熊猫是很可爱的动物。
8) 某些习惯用语中不用冠词。
如:at school 在校学习 in hospital 住院 go to bed 上床睡觉
face to face 面对面 on foot 步行 by bus 乘公共汽车
【巩固练习】
I.单项选择。
1. I found ____ dead dog in the river yesterday. But at first I thought it was my pet.
A. a B. an C. the D. one
2. If you work hard, you’ll get ______“A” in the exam.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
3. They often take______ walk after dinner.
A. a B. ∕ C. the D. an
4. Lily’s mother is ______ teacher in a school.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
5. _______Browns were having dinner when the telephone rang.
A. A B. An C. The D./
6. Jenny goes to school on foot. It takes her about half ______ hour to get there.
A. an B. a C. the D.??/
7. My best friend Neil is ______ honest boy. You can believe him.
A. a B. an C. the D./
8. -What are you going to do tomorrow?
-I will play _____ football with my friends.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
9. Could you please help me to play ______ guitar?
A. a B. the C. an D. /
10. My little brother likes to eat ______ red apples. Please give him ______ apple.
A. a; a B. a; an C. an; / D. /;an
11. We should plant more trees in ___spring and we often plant trees on __ Sundays.
A. a; / B. /; the C. /; / D. the; a
12. As ______ honest boy, you should tell ______ truth to your father.
A. an; the B. an; a C. an; / D. a; the
13. Peer is _______ honest boy and _______ good friend of mine.
A. a; the. B. the; an C. a; an D. an; a
14.________old man in ________ brown coat over there is Mr. Jackson
A.An, a B.An,the C.The,a D.The,the
15. Look at ______ eraser on the floor. Whose is it?
A. a B. an C. the D./
16. —Maria, here is my new house.
—Wow, you have beautiful house!
A. a B. the C.?/??????? D.an
17. —What cold weather
—Yes. But it’s unusual experience for us, we normally live in a hot place.
A. /; a B. a; an C. / ; an D. a; the
18. —What are you going to be in the future?
—I want to be _______ actor.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
19. This is ______ interesting movie and it’s also______ most interesting one I’ve ever seen.
A. an; a B. an; the C. a; the???????? D.a; an
20. Hurry up! If we miss ________ last bus, we’ll have to get home by ________taxi.
A. a;??/ B. the; a C. the;?/??????? D. a; a
我的收获
习题整理
题目或题目出处 所属类型或知识点 分析及注意问题
好题
错题
学生:_______________ 家长:______________ 指导教师:_________________
知识点复习8:数词的用法
考试要求:中考关于数词的考查要求是:基数词表示数目和号码的用法;基数词表示年级、班级、房间和编号的用法;hundred,thousand,million和billion的用法;序数词表示次序的用法;分数的表达方式及用法;定冠词the和序数词连用知识点等。
用法讲解
1.基数词:
A. 基数词的构成:
(1) 1-12的基数词是:
one 1,two 2,three 3, four 4, five 5, six 6, seven 7, eight 8, nine 9, ten 10, eleven 11,twelve 12
(2) 13-19的基数词:
分别在3-9的基数词后加词缀-teen,但要注意几个特殊变化的基数词:
13-thirteen,15-fifteen,18-eighteen。
(3) 20-90的逢十的基数词:
?? 分别在2-9的基数词后加-ty构成,即:20-twenty,30-thirty,
40-forty,50-fifty,60-sixty,70-seventy,80-eighty,90-ninety。
(注意20,30,40,50,80拼写的特殊变化。)
(4) 21-29的基数词:
由十位数20的单词形式twenty加个位数1-9构成。中间用连字符。
即:21-twenty-one,22-twenty-two,23-twenty-three,24-twenty-four,25-twenty-five,
26-twenty-six,27-twenty-seven,28-twenty-eight,29-twenty-nine。其他的十位数照此类推。
(5) 百位数是由1-9加hundred构成。
例如:200-two hundred。有百位数、十位数和个位数的三位数,百位数和十位数之间用and连接。例如:
127-one hundred and twenty-seven。
(6) 千位数是由1-9加thousand构成,后面的百位数、十位数和个位数与前面的构成方法一样。
例如:3000-three thousand。1,149-one thousand, one hundred and forty-nine。
英语没有“万”这个单位。10,000-ten thousand。十万用one hundred thousand,但有“百万”这个单位million。
B. 基数词应用的几点注意事项:
(1) 基数词可以用来表示年级、班级、房间号码、电话号码和编号。并且表示单位词的开头字母要大写。
如:I am in Class Five, Grade Nine. 我在九年级五班。
Tomorrow we are going to learn Lesson Five. 明天我们将要学习第五课。
(2) 基数词作为数字在句子中作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,但是代表可数名词的复数形式时要用复数。
例如:In the western countries, people think thirteen is an unlucky number.
在西方国家,人们认为13是一个不吉利的数字。
Two of them are from America.
他们中有两人是从美国来的。(Two = Two people)
(3) 基数词的单位hundred,thousand,million和billion等,前面有具体的基数词时,这些词的后面不加-s。当hundred,thousand,million和billion等用来表示不具体的数目时用“hundreds/ thousands/millions/ billions of +名词”来表示,前面不用基数词。
如:There are ten hundred students in our school.我们学校有1000名学生。
We have already planted thousands of trees on the farm.
我们在农场里已经种植了成千上万棵树。
序数词:A. 序数词的构成:
(1) 1-19的序数词除了第一(first),第二(second)和第三(third)之外,其他的序数词是由基数词加后缀-th构成的。如:
第四-fourth,第六-sixth,第七-seventh等。
注意:几个序数词的特殊变化:fifth 第五,eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth 第十二。
(2) 逢十的序数词的构成方法是:先将“几十”的基数词的词尾-ty变为-tie再加th。
如:第20-twentieth,第30-thirtieth,第40-fortieth。
(3) 两位数的序数词如果包含1-9的个位数,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词。
如:第21(twenty-first),第34(thirty-fourth)等。
(4) 百、千、万的序数词有hundred-hundredth,thousand-thousandth等。
B. 序数词的用法:
(1) 定冠词the和序数词连用表示顺序。
不定冠词a/an和序数词连用表示“又一、再一”的意思。
如:You are the second and I am the fourth. 你第二,我第四。(表示顺序)
Can you do it a third time? 你能再做一次吗?(已经做过两次了)
3. 分数表示法:
分数是以基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母,除了分子是“1”的情况外,分母的序数词都要用复数。
a half 1/2 one third 1/3 two thirds 2/3 a (one) quarter 或one fourth 1/4
分数在句子中作主语的时候,谓语动词的单、复数形式由of后面的名词来决定。如果of后面的名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如果of后面的名词是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
如:It is said that two thirds of information on the Internet is not true.
据说互联网上三分之二的信息是不真实的。
Two fifths of the students in my class are from the village.
我们班五分之二的学生来自那个村子。
4. 年、月、日、时的表示法
(1) 年代
890 eight hundred and ninety 1984 nineteen eighty-four
2000 two thousand 2009 two thousand and nine
1990’s (1990s) nineteen nineties 二十世纪九十年代
(2) 日期
September 1, 2009, 读作:September the first, two thousand and nine
(3) 时刻
数字写法 读法
8:00
8:10
8:15
8:30
8:40
8:45 eight o’clock
ten past eight
(a) quarter past eight
half past eight
twenty to nine
(a) quarter to nine eight
eight ten
eight fifteen
eight thirty
eight forty
eight forty-five
【?巩固练习】
I. 单项选择。
1. —Good morning, Madam. Can I help you?
—Sure, I’d like ________for cooking vegetables.
A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of bread
C. five kilos of oil D. four bottles of milk
2. Nearly _______of the earth _______ covered by sea.
A. three fourth,is B. three fourths,is
C. three fourth,are D. three fourths,are
3. —We’ll be back for our school’s ____anniversary ceremony.
—I see. That means you’ll have a get-together with your classmates in _______ years.
A. fifteen,seven B. fifteenth,seven C. fifteen,seventh D. fifteenth,seventh
4. —Which class won the match in the end?
—I’m not quite sure. Perhaps _________did.
A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three Class
5. There are ________ people in the supermarket. It’s so crowded.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of
6. The number of the students in our school is about nine ______. ______ of them are boys.
A. hundred; Two thirds B. hundred; Two third
C. hundreds; Two thirds D. hundreds; Two third
7. My brother is a ______ boy and he can’t go to school now.
A. four years B. four-year-old
C. four-years-old D. four years old
8. It is said that the big fish in the lake is about ______.
A. four meters long B. four meter long
C. four-meter long D. four-meters long
9. —What’s the date today? —It is _______.
A. March the eighth B. March eight C. eight March D. eighth March
10. —Where does your English teacher live?
—He lives on _____ floor of that red building..
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth D. the five
11. This is my _____time to play the piano at our school.
A. second B. two C. seconds D. the two
12. Our English teacher tells us that the _____day of the week is Sunday.
A. seven B. seventh C. first D. one
13. There are _____days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty five D. three hundreds and sixty five
14. My pen pal, Jack, is in_______ in a high school in American.
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One
C. Grade One, Class Three D. One Grade, Three Class
15. There are ______months in a year and December is the ______month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth
C. twelfth; twelve D. twelfth; twelfth
II. 用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。
1. My sister is going to have a party for her _______ (twelve) birthday.
2. You can see ______ (thousand) of trees around our village.
3. Four ______ (seven) of the people are going to plant t