2021年中考英语二轮专题-科普阅读理解（13篇含答案）

科普类
（一）
阅读短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Now satellites are helping to forecast（预报）the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere（大气）, because this is where the weather forms（形成）. They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists（气象学家）can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.
Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare（比较）them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.
So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead（提前）.
1. Satellites travel _____________.
A. in space?????????????? B. in the atmosphere
C. above the ground?????? D. above space
2. Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because __________.
A. the weather satellites can do it easily B. clouds form there
C. the weather forms there D. the pictures can forecast the weather
3. Meteorologists forecast the weather __________.
A. when they have received satellite pictures
B. after they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier ones
C. before they received satellite pictures
D. during they study satellite pictures
4. Maybe we’ll soon be able to forecast the weather for ________.
A. one day??????????????? B. two days
C. five days????????????? D. seven days or even longer
5. The main（主要的）idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _________.
A. taking pictures of the atmosphere B. receiving pictures of the atmosphere
C. doing other work in many ways D. weather forecasting
（二）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Internet, mobile phones and Ipads are part of our lives now. Technology is greatly affecting all ways of our lives, from the ways we work to the ways we play. And it even causes a number of social problems such as cloning humans.
We have had lots of technology and it has changed our lives a lot. There is no doubt that humans will continue to use more and more technology. Here are some examples of modern technology that will change our ideas and will affect our lives greatly.
Global Positioning System (GPS) (全球定位系统)
It’s a system that uses radio signals from satellites to show exact (精确地) information. It tells you where the user is on the earth in all weather conditions. It’s made up of three parts: satellites, control equipments (设备) on land and receivers.
Space Technology
Russian and American scientists have worked together for the International Space Station (ISS) for a long time. They hope the ISS will provide a long-lasting lab. Such a lab will bring humans limitless (无限的) advantages. It’s even hoped that one day space technology will take humans to their new houses in space.
Underwater Robot
Hercules is a kind of Underwater Robot with some high technology equipments. It will be used to search for ancient ships which were destroyed into the deep sea during their journey long ago. The world is changing so quickly that it’s hard for us to catch up with all the new inventions because they seem to come out every month. It’s important for us to learn about new technology and the role that it plays in our lives. So we should be willing to accept modern technology, or we will fall behind the time.
( )1. ______ can tell you where the user is on the earth exactly.
A. Satellites B. Receivers
C. Global Positioning System D. Underwater Robot
( )2. According to the passage, which is NOT true about the ISS?
A. It has carried people to other planets. B. It will provide a long-lasting lab for us.
C. Russian and American are working for it. D. Humans will get a lot of advantages from it.
( )3. Hercules is used to ______.
A. save lives in the sea B. take picture in the sea
C. repair the broken ships D. look for the ancient ships in the sea
( )4. From the passage, we know that ______.
A. the use of GPS is affected by the weather conditions
B. it’s very important for us to learn about new technology
C. it’s easy for us to catch up with all the new inventions
D. technology brings us many advantages such as cloning humans
( )5. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To help us study some new technology.
B. To tell us technology is changing the world.
C. To help solve the problems that technology causes.
D. To remind us the advantages of technology are limitless.
（三）
根据短文内容填空或选出最佳答案。
Snow fell on the mountain. It snowed and snowed. The snow did not melt（融化）. It became deep and heavy. The snow on the bottom pressed （挤压）together., it became ice.
The ice was very wide and thick. It began to move down the mountain. It was like a river of ice. It was a glacier（冰河）.
Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches（英寸） each day. As it moved, it took rocks and dirt with it. It changed the land. In some places, it left hills. In some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes.
A million years ago, there were many big glaciers. Glaciers covered many parts of the world. The glaciers changed the land.
Glaciers are still at work today. A glacier in the north of Canada is cutting a new path（路） down the side of a mountain. This glacier will change the land, too.
1. The snow that fell on the mountain
A. became snowman??? B. melted?? ? C. became ice ??? D. turned to rain
2. The word in the story that means a river of ice is __________.
3. The story says, “The snow did not melt. It became deep and heavy”. The word it means ____.
4. Which of the following does this story lead you to believe?
A. There are not as many glaciers as there used to be
B. Glaciers do not change the land as they move over it.
C. Glaciers are found only in warm places.
5. How fast did the glacier move? (Which sentence is exactly like the one in your book?)
A. Sometimes the glacier moved only once a year.
B. Sometimes the glacier moved over ten miles each day.
C. Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches each day.
6. The main idea of the whole story is that _______.
A. snow is heavy???????? B. the high land never changes C. glaciers changed the land
（四）
根据短文内容填空或选出最佳答案。
Long ago, people in Rome（罗马） talked to one another in Latin（拉丁文）. Pupils in school learned to read and write in Latin. Books are in Latin.
Some Romans（罗马人）went to other parts of the world. They took their language with them. Soon Latin was used in many countries. It became a world language.
People in other countries did not talk in Latin the same way. In each land, they changed the language a little. As time went by, they made more changes. At last they did not talk in Latin any more. New languages had come from the old one.
People do not talk to one another in Latin today. But they still use many Latin words. You do, too. Street, wall, city, and salt are some of the Latin words we use. You are a pupil in school. Pupil is a Latin word. It means “little doll”.
1. Latin was used by people in _____.
A. Rome??? B. the United States??? C. Greece(希腊) ??? D. Texas
2. The word in the story that means what people speak and write is ______
3. The story says, “People do not talk to each other in Latin today. But they still use many Latin words,” The word they means ________.
4. Which of the following does this story lead you to believe?
A. It is not good to change a language. B. Pupils in schools today play with dolls.
C. Not many people can read Latin today.
5. What happened to Latin when it was taken to other countries?(which sentence is exactly like the one in your book?)
A. In each land, people talked about each other.
B. In each land, they changed the language a little
C. In each land, the children had to speak some Latin.
6. The main idea of the whole story is that ________.
A. Romans did not like to stay home
B. people in old Rome talked a lot to each other.
C. Latin changed as it moved from land to land.
(五)
We have known for a long time that flowers of different plants open and close at different time of day. This is so familiar that there seems to be no need to ask the reason for it. Yet no one really understands why flowers open and close like this at particular times. The process (过程) is not as simple as we might think, as recent experiments have shown. In one study, flowers were kept in constant (连续的) darkness. We might expect that the flowers, without any information about the time of day, did not open as they normally do. In fact, they continued to open at their usual time. This suggests that they have some mysterious (神秘的) way of knowing the time. Their sense of time does not depend on information from the outside world; it is, so to speak, inside them, a kind of “inner clock”.
This discovery (发现) may not seem to be very important. However, it was later found that not just plants but also animals —including man —have this “inner clock” which controls the working of their bodies and influences (影响) their activities. Men, then, are also influenced by this mysterious power. Whether we wish it or not, it affects such things in our life as our need for sleep, our need for food.
In the past, this did not matter very much because people lived in natural condition. In the modern world, things are different; now there are spacemen, airplane pilots and, in ordinary life, a lot of people who have to work at night. It would be very useful, then, to know more about the “inner clock”. Such ordinary things as flowers might help us understand more about ourselves.
1. A recent experiment showed that ________________.
A. different flowers open and close at different times of day
B. for their opening and closing, flowers do not need information from the outside world
C. flowers are influenced by weak light even when they are in a dark room
D. flowers can be used for telling the time
2. The “inner clock” _________________________.
A. is an unimportant discovery B. is only found in animals
C. has not been understood by far D. has an effect on human life
3. Further study of the “inner clock” will be useful because ________________.
A. it might help us in some way
B. we do not yet understand plants and animals well enough
C. the number of spacemen and airplane pilots is fast increasing
D. we should try to live more naturally than we do now
4. Kept in constant darkness, flowers ________________________.
A. will not open or close as usual B. will not open any longer
C. will open as they do in natural conditions D. will always remain in full blossom (开花)
5. ________________ have a mysterious power of knowing time without information from the outside world.
A. Animals including man as well as plants B. All living things except man
C. Flowers are the only things in the world that D. Neither animals nor plants
(六)
阅读短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
In 1926, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo. The next important date in the history of photography was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype(银版照相). Soon other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains. In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the US worked so hard. Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike. Photography also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed feelings, like other kinds of art.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
( )1. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of _______.
A. his business B. his house C. his garden D. his window
( )2. The Daguerreotype was _______.
A. a Frenchman B. a kind of picture
C. a kind of camera D. a photographer
( )3. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840s, he had to ________.
A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive camera
C. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him
( )4. Mathew Brady________.
A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unusual pictures
C. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people
( )5. This passage tells us ________.
A. how photography was developed
B. how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures
C. how to take pictures in the world
D. how to use different cameras
(七)
根据短文内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。
Is the whale the world’s largest fish? No. It looks like a fish, but it is really a mammal (哺乳动物). Then what’s the world’s largest fish? It’s the whale shark（鲸鲨）.
Although the whale shark is our biggest fish and lives in many oceans （海洋）around the world, few people have ever heard of it. Scientists have not been studying whale sharks for very long. Much more needs to be learned about them.
A whale shark is sometimes called a “gentle giant (温柔的巨人)”. It likes to be alone and doesn’t care a bit about divers or humans. The biggest whale shark weighed 24,250 pounds and was nearly 40 feet long. This makes it heavier and longer than a school bus.
Inside its huge mouth are great numbers of very small teeth. To count all of them, you’ll need to do some math. The whale shark’s teeth are arranged in rows. There are between eleven and thirteen rows on each jaw (颚) and around three hundred teeth in each row.
However, the whale shark rarely uses its teeth. It does not chew or bite its food. Large amounts of water are pulled into its mouth and then pushed out through its gills (鳃).
For a few months every year, a group of whale sharks comes to Ningaloo Reef, off Western Australia. This gives scientists a wonderful chance to study the large fish. Whale sharks do live in other oceans of the world, but no one knows their population. It is possible that our biggest fish may need protecting. It is one of the reasons why scientists continue to learn all they can about these gentle giants.
( )1. Little is known about whale sharks because scientists _____.
A. are not interested in learning about them B. find them too difficult to catch
C. do not know the best places to find them D. have studied them for a short time
( )2. Which sentence can tell us that whale sharks are gentle?
A. They have large mouths. B. They leave divers alone.
C. They have small eyes. D. They live in many oceans.
( )3. How does the writer help us know what the whale shark’s mouth looks like?
A. By giving reasons. B. By describing colors.
C. By comparing sizes. D. By using numbers.
( )4. The fifth paragraph is mainly about _____.
A. how a whale shark eats B. what a whale shark eats
C. how different fish use their gills D. what’s inside a whale shark’s mouth
( )5. Which of the following is the best title for the article?
A. Gentle Giants B. The Diary of a Sailor
C. The Largest Animal D. My Life on the Sea
(八)
根据短文内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。
Dr. Jack Tod is very interested in cleaning water. 1 . So it’s natural that he is to develop a small and affordable system(系统)to clean waste water. His “Living Machine” can clean waste water in your home or in your business.
2 .The waste water goes into a big plastic tank where bacteria(细菌)start to break down the waste. A few days later after it is dealt with, the water is brought into a greenhouse filled with plants and fish. 3 , the plants and animals remove(去掉) more chemicals from the water, making it cleaner. Then the water can be reused for washing or bathing. 4 , but the water is clean enough for watering the flower, washing the dog, or even for bathing or swimming.
The advantage of this technology is that it is affordable and good for the environment. 5, it can help to use less fresh water, and it can help keep the water supply unpolluted.
根据短文内容，从下面六个选项中选出能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。
A. If enough homes and businesses use“Living Machines” B. Water is important for us
C. He is also interested in saving money
D. It cannot be used for drinking or cooking
E. The“Living Machine”is a system for cleaning waste water
F. With the help of sunlight
1. 2. 3 4. 5.
(九)
A kind of little cars may take the place of today’s big ones many years later. If everyone drives such cars in the future, there will be less pollution in the air. There will also be more space for parking in cities, and the streets will be less crowded.
The little cars of the future will cost less. Driving will be safer, too, since these little cars can go only 65 kilometers an hour. The cars of the future will be fine for going around a city, but they will not be useful for a long way. Little cars will go 450 kilometers before they need to stop for more gasoline (汽油). If big cars are still used with the small ones, two kinds of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be needed for the big, faster cars and other roads will be needed for the small, slower ones.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
( )1.There is much pollution in the air today because _____.
A.people drive big cars B.people drive little cars
C.small cars will go 450 kilometers before they need to stop for more gasoline
D.the usual size of cars today is too small
( )2.The usual size of cars today is _____.
A.much smaller than the future one B.as big as the future ones
C.as small as the future ones D.bigger than the future ones
( )3.Which of the following statements (陈述) is NOT true?
A.Big cars cost more. B.Big cars are not useful for a long way.
C.The cars of the future will be smaller than today’s cars.
D.Small cars are slower than big ones.
( )4.The streets will be less crowded because _____.
A.there will be fewer cars in the future B.there will be fewer people in the streets
C.three kinds of roads will be built D.future cars will be smaller
( )5.Two kinds of roads will be needed in the future because _____.
A.there will be too many cars in the future
B.more and more people will go to cities
C.big cars run faster and little cars run slower
D.it looks more beautiful to have two kinds of roads
(十)
Stop and listen! What do you hear? You may hear many different sounds. Some of those sounds may be noise. Noise is a loud or unwanted sound.
Many kinds of machines, such as motorcycles, jet planes (喷气式飞机), farm tractors can cause noise, and power motors can cause noise. And, to some people, rock music is also a noise.
What happens to people who live near noisy machines or use them over a period of time? Doctors have found that these people have trouble in sleeping. And most importantly, constant (连续的) loud noise can cause loss of hearing.
Scientists use a unit of measure called a decibel(分贝) to measure the loudness of a sound. The sound of a quiet room, for example, measures 35 decibels. Talking measures between 40 and 65 decibels. Sounds from traffic and from some rock bands measure over 120 decibels. Noise at such high level causes the greatest hearing loss.
根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。
( )1.According to the passage, noise is all sounds that you can hear.
( )2.A “decibel” is a machine that makes loud noise.
( )3.Loud noise can help people sleep better.
( )4.Not all people think that rock music is a noise.
( )5.We can infer (推断) from the passage that noise is a serious problem.
(十一)
At present, too much carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) makes the earth warmer and warmer and causes terrible effect to human beings. To save our planet, to save ourselves, a new lifestyle called low-carbon life(低碳生活) becomes popular. Low carbon means low energy and no waste. It is necessary for everybody to learn to live a low-carbon life.
To live a low-carbon life, we’d better save energy as possible. Turn off the lights and TV whenever they are not needed. If possible, use cold water to wash clothes or dishes. Take a short shower and try to take a cold one when the weather gets warm. Don’t do the cooking with electricity.
To live a low-carbon life, we should eat less meat. Everybody knows eating too much meat makes people fat and easy to have heart disease, but maybe you don’t know keeping animals for food produces even more carbon dioxide than all the cars in the world, and being a vegetarian can help reduce one and a half tons of carbon dioxide a year. Maybe?it?is a little difficult, but it’s really necessary.
To live a low-carbon life, we are supposed to do less shopping. When we go shopping, we may drive a car or take other transportations. On the one hand, these machines pollute the air and waste energy. On the other hand, most of us always buy some useless things because of some advertisements. It is not only a waste of money but also causes trouble to the earth, because as you know, making everything will produce carbon dioxide more or less.
There are many other ways to live low-carbon life, such as recycling things, planting trees and reusing textbooks. If we can keep it a habit in our daily life, the earth will become a safer planet for us to live on.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
( )1._____ makes the weather on the earth get warmer.
??????? A. Little rubbish???????????? ???????? ??B. A waste of money???
??????? C. Too much carbon dioxide???????? D. A waste of water
( )2.We can _____ to save energy in our daily life.
??????? A. use less electricity?????????????????? B. go to sleep with lights on??
??????? C. wash clothes with hot water???? D. drive car to work
( )3.The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph means _____.
??????? A. eating less meat?????????????????? ?? B. having heart disease???
??????? C. keeping animals for food????????????? D. eating less vegetables
( )4.We should do less shopping because _____.
??????? A. wasting money causes trouble to people???
? B. the advertisements are sometimes misleading???
? C. the less you shop, the less carbon dioxide will be produced???
?D.some of the things you bought are useless
( )5.If everybody lives a low-carbon life, _____.
A.we will waste more energy
B.there will be less carbon dioxide
C.the earth will become a dangerous place to live on
D.there will be more carbon dioxide
(十二)
If you watch the sky for about an hour after the sun goes down, you may see some “moving stars”. But they’re not real stars. They’re man-made satellites(人造卫星). And the biggest of all is the International Space Station (ISS). From May to July is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earth. And people can see it with their eyes.
The ISS is the biggest satellite and scientists want to live on it. They think that the best way to learn more about space is to live there.
When the space station is finished, it will be like a city in space. People will stay and study there with many of the things they have at home. Laboratories, living rooms and power stations are being built. The ISS is the most expensive space program. Billions of dollars are being spent on it every year.?
Scientists hope that the ISS will be a stepping stone for future space exploration(探测). “The ISS will help us understand the human body better, explore space and study the earth. It can help us make life on the earth better,” said Kathryn Clark, an ISS scientist.?
Sixteen countries are part of the program: the US, Russia, Canada, Japan, Brazil and 11 European countries. China isn’t an ISS country, but it has helped with some of the experiments. In 2003, China sent some rice up to the ISS to find out what space would do to it.
( )1.The International Space Station_____________.
A. is really a big city in space B. is the biggest man-made satellite
C. can only help us explore space D. is mainly built by the USA and Russia
( )3.From the passage we know that_____________.
A. building the ISS is only for scientists to live there
B. scientists can do anything they like there
C. people can see the Space Station at any time
D. sixteen countries are members of the space program
( )3.The phrase “a stepping stone” probably means “_____________”.
A. 滑梯 B. 巅峰 C. 垫脚石 D. 走廊
( )4.China sent some rice up to the ISS is probably to_____________.
A. be used as astronauts’ food B. sell it to aliens
C. do some science experiments D. make it grow better in space
( )5.Which of the following isn’t mentioned ?
A. China will join the ISS in the future.
B. The scientists are building living rooms for them in the ISS.
C. The ISS will be more useful in the future.
D. The ISS costs the members of 16 countries plenty of money every year.
(十三)
Have you seen?Avatar（《阿凡达》）? It’s a popular 3D movie, and you may have to wear 3D glasses?to see it. The 3D glasses make the images(图像)from the movie look as if they were coming straight towards you.??
?More and more 3D movies are coming to theaters. Some say that 3D TV sets will come into our homes in the near future. 3D technology can make TV and movies are more exciting. However, people with eye problems may get headaches if they spend too much time watching 3D movies. Why?
??? When we look at an object(物体), each eye sees it at a different angle(角度). Our eyes send the two images to our brain(大脑), and the brain puts them together. 3D technology uses two film projectors(投影机). One projects a left-eye-image and the other projects a right-eye-image. 3D glasses allow us to see a?different image in each eye. So, when we are watching a 3D movie, our brain can’t put together the images sent to our eyes. The brain needs to work harder at “reading” the images. That makes it easier for people with eye problems to get dizzy(头晕的) or have headaches. A famous eye doctor said if your eyes can’t focus(聚焦) on the same object at once, you will have trouble watching 3D movies.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
( )1. According to the passage,?Avatar?is a ______.
A. digital camera B. digital TV set C. 3D movie D.4D movie
( )2. The 3D glasses can make the images from the movie ______.
A. look more beautiful than usual B. look as if they were coming straight towards you
C. look as if they were far away from you D. look more clear than usual
( )3. People will have ______ in their homes in the near future.
A. 3D computers B. 3D phones C. 3D movies D.3D TV sets
( )4. When we look at an object, ______.
A. each eye sees the object at the same angle
B. our brain puts the two different pictures together
C. there will be two film projectors in our eyes
D. our brain can’t put together the images sent to our eyes
( )5. If you wear a pair of 3D glasses, ______.
A. you will see different images in both eyes B. your brain can’t work at all
C. the images can be put together easily by your brain
D. our brain can put the images together
一、1-5 ACBDD
二、1-5 CADBA
三、1—5 1.C? 2. glacier? 3.snow? 3.A? 4.C? 5.C
四、1—5 1. A? 2. language? 3. people? 4. C? 5. B? 6. C
五、1—5 1-5 BDACA
六、1—5CBDBA
七、1—5 DBDAA
八、1—5 C E F D A
九、1—5 ADBDC
十、1—5F F F T T
十一、1—5CAACB
十二、1—5BDCCA
十三、1—5CBDBA