Unit
5 Working
the
Land
Learning
About
Language
主语从句(Subject
clause)
观察上面对话:
(1)句①中黑体部分在整个句子中作主语,
句子作主语,
称为主语从句。
(2)句②是it作形式主语,
that从句作真正主语。
(3)句③中黑体部分作主语,
称为主语从句。
一、主语从句
主语从句是名词性从句的一种,
在复合句中作主语,
相当于名词。主语从句的位置可以在句首,
也可以用it作形式主语,
主语从句放在后面。
二、主语从句的引导词
1.
连词that、whether,
在主语从句中不充当任何成分,
只起连接作用,
不可省略,
其中that没有词义,
whether表示“是否”,
但是不能换成if。
2.
连接代词what、who、which,
在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语,
不可省略。
3.
连接副词when、where、how、why,
在主语从句中作状语,
分别表示时间、地点、方式、原因等,
不可省略。
另外,
wh-+ever,
如whoever、whatever、whichever等也可引导主语从句。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等,
不可省略。
(1)语法填空。
What
I’m
hoping
to
accomplish
is
that
my
generation
and
younger
start
to
reconsider
and
understand
that
jazz
is
not
black
and
white
anymore.
(2)Whether
he
will
attend
the
meeting
or
not
doesn’t
matter.
他是否参加会议并不重要。
(3)That
he
survived
the
serious
traffic
accident
was
a
wonder.
?
他在那次严重的交通事故中幸存下来是个奇迹。
(4)How
this
could
be
done
was
a
challenging
question
at
the
time.
?
如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。
(5)Whoever
leaves
the
room
last
ought
to
turn
off
the
lights.
?
无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。
三、it作形式主语的主语从句
在主语从句中如果主语太长,
宾语或表语又太短,
为了避免头重脚轻,
保持句子平衡,
通常会采用it作形式主语,
真正的主语从句放在后面。
常见的使用it作形式主语的结构:
It
is
said/reported/believed/well
known
that.
.
.
It
is
a
pity
that.
.
.
It
is
probable
that.
.
.
It
happened
that.
.
.
It
is
no
wonder
that.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)It
happened
that
I
met
my
teacher
on
my
way
home.
?
我在回家路上碰巧遇上我的老师。
(2)It
is
no
wonder
that
my
fellow
guests
had
had
only
a
few
bites
of
each
dish.
?
怪不得跟我在一起吃饭的客人,
每道菜也就浅尝几口。
四、主语从句的语序时态问题
主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用陈述语序,
尤其是当主语从句是疑问词引导的时候,
主语从句的语序仍须使用陈述语序。
Who/Whom
he
will
go
to
Beijing
with
remains
unknown.
他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。
主语从句的时态根据具体语境来确定,
尤其是当when引导主语从句的时候,
有些同学会和when时间状语从句混淆而误用现在时表将来。
When
he
will
come
back
is
still
unclear.
他什么时候回来还不清楚。
语法填空。
(1)What
is
impressive
is
that
my
colleagues
messaged
us,
worrying
why
Kun
and
I
didn’t
come
back
with
the
clock
pointing
to
1
am,
2
am
or
even
3
am.
(2)What
worries
his
mother
is
that
he
always
keeps
apart
from
others
in
his
class.
(3)Whoever
breaks
the
law
should
be
punished.
五、主语从句的主谓一致
主语从句作主语相当于名词,
和非谓语动词的动词-ing形式或者不定式作主语一样看作单数,
句子谓语应该使用单数形式。
That
you
don’t
like
him
is
none
of
my
business.
你不喜欢他不关我的事。
What
the
doctors
really
doubt
is
whether
my
mother
will
recover
from
the
serious
disease
soon.
医生怀疑的是我的妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。
语法填空。
(1)Whether
it
will
do
us
harm
or
good
remains
(remain)
to
be
seen.
(2)It
is
well-known
that
Chinese
people
are
not
only
hard-working
but
friendly.
(3)What
we
can’t
get
seems
(seem)
better
than
what
we
have.
(4)Whether
it
was
possible
to
develop
a
hybrid
of
self-pollinating
plants
(plant)
such
as
rice
was
a
matter
of
great
debate.
学了“A
pioneer
for
all
people”这篇课文后,
你有何感想?
谈谈你的收获,
至少使用三个主语从句。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Firstly,
what
moved
me
most
was
Yuan
Longping’s
determination
to
tackle
the
crisis
of
the
serious
shortage
of
food
and
his
dream
to
feed
more
people
in
the
world.
Not
only
should
we
care
about
ourselves,
but
also
we
should
care
about
others.
Secondly,
what
makes
him
a
great
agriculturist
is
his
intense
effort
to
overcome
kinds
of
difficulties.
As
a
student,
I
think
it
is
important
that
we
should
study
hard
and
never
give
up
when
facing
difficulties.
Last
but
not
least,
whether
we
can
succeed
depends
on
whether
we
devote
ourselves
to
our
work.
PAGEUnit
5 Working
the
Land
Reading
and
Thinking
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境写出正确的单词
1.
shortage
(不足)
of
2.
tackle
(解决)
this
crisis
3.
boost
(使增长)
yields
in
the
fields
4.
Chinese
characteristic
(特色)
5.
convince(使确信)sb.
of
sth.
6.
attain(获得,
得到)one’s
goal
7.
conventional(传统的)opinions
8.
assumption
(承担)
of
responsibility
9.
intense
(不懈的)effort
10.
overcome(克服)difficulties
11.
expand(增加)output
12.
it
is
estimated
(估计)that
?
13.
domestic(国内的)markets
14.
consumption(消费)tax
15.
generate(产生)power
16.
a
life
of
leisure(闲暇)
Ⅱ.
根据语境填入适当的介词或副词
1.
He
decided
to
devote
the
rest
of
his
life
to
scientific
work.
2.
The
concert
is
comprised
of
performances
that
were
all
put
up
by
our
very
own
talented
students!
3.
Deep
down,
they
realize
that
happiness
can’t
be
bought,
but
it
can
be
shared.
4.
It
was
the
first
time
I
had
set
foot
on
African
soil.
5.
The
enemies
are
fierce
in
appearance
but
very
weak
in
reality.
Ⅲ.
翻译下列课文原句,
并观察黑体部分
1.
Indeed,
his
slim
but
strong
body
is
just
like
that
of
millions
of
Chinese
farmers,
to
whom
he
has
devoted
his
life.
确实,
他瘦削但结实的身躯,
与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
2.
Today,
it
is
estimated
that
about
60
percent
of
domestic
rice
consumption
in
China
is
comprised
of
crops
generated
from
Yuan’s
hybrid
strains,
and
his
strains
have
allowed
China’s
farmers
to
produce
around
200
million
tons
of
rice
per
year.
如今,
据估计,
中国国内水稻消费的60%左右是由袁(隆平)的杂交品种生产的作物构成的,
这些杂交品种使中国农民每年能生产约2亿吨水稻。
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1.
-tion常用于动词之后构成名词
assume
v.
→
assumption
n.
假设
consume
v.
→
consumption n.
消费
explore
v.
→exploration n.
勘查
explain
v.
→explanation
n.
解释
examine
v.
→examination
n.
考试
2.
名词之后加
-al,
可转化为形容词
agriculture
n.
→agricultural
adj.
农业的
medicine
n.
→medical
adj.
医疗的,
医学的
nation
n.
→national
adj.
民族的,
国家的
阅读精析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
2.
What
is
the
text
type
of
the
passage?
A.
Narration(记叙文)
B.
Practical
Writing(应用文)
C.
Expository
Writing(说明文)
D.
Argumentative
Writing(议论文)
答案:
A
3.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
The
text
is
mainly
about
Yuan
Longping
who
has
made
a
great
contribution
to
producing
better
rice.
?
【寻技巧·提能力】
抓住文章主线和关键词语,
归纳文章中心
要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句,
有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章,
就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析,
概括出段落的主题,
从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法:
先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容,
这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系,
然后加以归纳形成主题。
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)Why
does
Yuan
Longping
consider
himself
a
farmer?
A.
He
was
born
in
a
farmer
family.
B.
He
is
known
as
the
“father
of
hybrid
rice”.
C.
He
was
educated
at
an
agricultural
college.
D.
He
continually
works
the
land
in
his
research.
(2)Why
did
Yuan
decide
to
study
agriculture?
A.
His
parents
wanted
him
to
pursue
a
career
in
agriculture.
B.
He
wanted
to
deal
with
the
crisis
of
shortage
of
food.
C.
He
wanted
to
be
the
“father
of
hybrid
rice”.
D.
He
was
interested
in
agriculture.
(3)What’s
the
main
advantage
of
hybrid
crops?
A.
They
can
get
a
higher
yield
than
conventional
crops.
B.
Many
famous
scientists
are
interested
in
them.
C.
They
are
created
by
Yuan
Longping.
D.
They
are
self-pollinating
plants.
(4)How
has
Yuan’s
work
helped
China
and
other
countries?
A.
Yuan
donated
his
rice
to
farmers
at
home
and
abroad.
B.
Yuan
helped
farmers
at
home
and
abroad
study
agriculture.
C.
It
helped
farmers
produce
more
rice
to
feed
the
world.
D.
It
helped
farmers
make
a
lot
of
money.
(5)What’s
Yuan’s
latest
vision?
A.
He
retired
and
enjoyed
his
life
of
leisure.
B.
He
received
many
awards
both
in
China
and
abroad.
C.
His
seawater
rice
has
become
a
reality.
D.
He
dreamed
to
plant
hybrid
rice
in
India
and
Vietnam.
答案:
(1)～(5)DBACC
Reread
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Yuan
Longping
was
born
in
1930.
When
he
was
young,
he
saw
many
people
go
(1)hungry
often.
So
he
has
(2)devoted
himself
to
finding
ways
of
(3)increasing
rice
harvests
without
(4)expanding
the
area
of
fields
since
he
(5)graduated
from
Southwest
Agricultural
College
in
1953.
Now
about
60%of
the
rice
(6)produced
in
China
each
year
is
from
this
hybrid
strain.
He’s
circulating
his
(7)knowledge
in
many
other
countries
(such
as
India
and
Vietnam)
to
increase
their
rice
harvests.
He
cares
little
for
(8)celebrity
and
money
and
makes
large
(9)donations
to
support
agricultural
research.
Now
his
dreams
of
(10)exporting
his
rice
abroad
and
“seawater
rice”
have
become
a
reality.
2.
Long
sentence
analysis.
译文:
然而,
他最担心的是农民经常收成不好,
有时甚至严重缺粮。
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
1.
Work
in
groups
and
put
forward
some
advice
on
what
we
should
learn
from
great
scientists
like
Yuan
Longping?
(Creative
Thinking创造性思维)
(1)Cares
little
for
celebrity/fame
or
money/wealth.
?
(2)Serve
people
heart
and
soul.
?
(3)Have
the
dream
to
help
people.
?
2.
If
you
had
the
chance
to
do
something
to
help
end
hunger
in
the
world,
what
would
you
do?
(Critical
Thinking批判性思维)
(1)Invent
a
new
kind
of
plant
to
produce
more
food.
?
(2)Find
a
sort
of
fertilizer
to
give
corns
enough
nutrition(营养)
and
let
them
grow
quickly
and
boost
higher
yields.
?
(3)Stop
polluting
the
environment
and
protect
the
soil
in
the
field.
?
(4)Make
good
use
of
the
waste
and
abandoned
land.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
devote
vt.
把……献(给);
把……专用于;
专心于
Indeed,
his
slim
but
strong
body
is
just
like
that
of
millions
of
Chinese
farmers,
to
whom
he
has
devoted
his
life.
事实上,
他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Regardless
of
the
risk
of
getting
infected,
Uncle
Li
is
responsible
and
devoted
to
his
job.
尽管有感染的风险,
李叔叔对工作很负责任和投入。
I
feel
that
I’ve
been
given
a
second
life
to
devote
to
something
that
is
meaningful
and
enormous.
我觉得我被赋予了第二次生命,
去致力于一些有意义和伟大的事情。
【词块积累】
(1)devote.
.
.
to
(doing)
sth.
把(时间、精力或注意力)投入、用于(做)某事
devote
oneself
to
献身于;
致力于;
专心于(to是介词)
(2)devoted
adj.
热爱的,
忠诚的
(3)devotion
n.
献身,
忠诚,
热爱,
专心
【知识延伸】表达“献身于……,
专心于……”的常用短语还有:
give
one’s
life
to.
.
.
commit
oneself
to.
.
.
apply
oneself
to.
.
.
dedicate.
.
.
to.
.
.
(1)语法填空。
①She
had
started
to
devote
her
energies
to
teaching
(teach)
rather
than
performing.
②The
fans
are
devoted
(devote)
to
their
favorite
stars.
(2)If
you
have
a
job,
do
devote
yourself
to
it
and
finally
you’ll
succeed.
?
如果你有一份工作,
务必全身心投入,
最终你会成功的。
(3)She
devoted
all
her
life
to
medical
work
for
Chinese
women
and
children.
?
她为中国的妇女和儿童医疗事业贡献了毕生精力。
2.
shortage
n.
不足;
缺少;
短缺
However,
what
concerned
him
most
was
that
farmers
often
had
poor
harvests
and
sometimes
even
had
a
serious
shortage
of
food
to
eat.
然而,
他最担心的是农民往往收成不好,
有时甚至严重缺粮。
(2019·浙江高考)The
loss
of
big
trees
was
greatest
in
areas
where
trees
had
suffered
the
greatest
water
shortage.
在树木缺水最严重的地区,
大树的损失最大。
【词块积累】
(1)food/water/housing
shortages
食物/用水/住房短缺
shortage
of
缺乏
(2)short
adj.
不足的;
缺乏的
be
short
of
缺乏,
不足
(1)There’s
no
shortage
of
ideas
when
it
comes
to
improving
the
education
of
children.
?
谈到改善孩子教育的问题,
大家都想法多多。
(2)Although
three
days
isn’t
very
long,
shortage
of
time
was
the
least
of
his
problems.
虽然3天时间不算长,
但对他来说,
这已经是最不成问题的问题了。?
(3)The
going
was
slow
on
the
project
because
of
a
shortage
of
skilled
workers.
这项工程进展缓慢,
因为缺少熟练的工人。
?
3.
convince
vt.
使相信;
使确信;
说服
Yuan
was
convinced
that
the
answer
could
be
found
in
the
creation
of
hybrid
rice.
袁隆平相信在杂交水稻的培育中可以找到答案。
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
He
says
it’s
not
easy
to
convince
people
that
nutria
fur
is
green,
but
he
has
no
doubt
about
it.
他说,
虽然说服人们相信海狸鼠皮毛环保是不容易的,
但是他对此毫不怀疑。
(2020·天津高考)
He
convinced
the
police
department
to
allow
him
to
set
up
a
couple
of
“chat
benches”
in
two
of
their
local
parks.
他说服警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设置几张“聊天椅”。
You’ll
need
to
convince
them
of
your
enthusiasm
for
the
job.
你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。
【词块积累】
(1)convince
sb.
of
sth.
使某人相信某事
convince
sb.
+
that从句
使某人相信
convince
sb.
to
do
sth.
说服某人做某事
(2)convincing
adj.令人信服的
(3)convinced
adj.
确信的,
坚信的
(1)语法填空。
The
lawyer
could
not
produce
any
convincing
(convince)evidence.
(2)I
am
convinced
that
with
our
joint
efforts
we
can
undoubtedly
get
good
results.
?
我相信,
通过我们的共同努力,
我们无疑能取得好的结果。
(3)It
took
a
long
time
to
convince
me
of
his
guilt.
?
花了很长时间才使我相信他是有罪的。
(4)What
convinced
you
to
vote
for
them?
?
是什么使得你愿意投他们的票?
4.
assumption
n.
假定;
设定;
(责任的)承担;
(权利的)获得
The
common
assumption
then
was
that
it
could
not
be
done.
当时的普遍假设是这是做不到的。
(2019·江苏高考)A
thoughtful
official
passed
on
some
of
the
copies
to
the
park
authorities
on
the
assumption
that
they
might
make
a
nice
blow-up
for
one
of
the
visitors’
centers.
一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些副本转交给了公园管理部门,
认为他们可能会将其放大以供其中一个游客中心展示。
(2019·江苏高考)We
are
so
fond
of
our
high
intelligence
that
we
assume
that
when
it
comes
to
brain
power,
more
must
be
better.
我们非常喜欢我们的高智商,
以至于我们认为当涉及脑力时,
大脑一定越大越好。
It
is
generally
assumed
that
stress
is
caused
by
too
much
work.
普遍认为,
紧张是工作过重所致。
【词块积累】
(1)assume
v.
假定;
假设;
认为
It
is
assumed
that.
.
.
人们(普遍)认为……
(2)with
an
assumption
of/on
the
assumption
that
假设……
语法填空。
(1)On
the
assumption
that
everyone
invited
will
turn
up,
the
hall
is
a
little
crowded.
(2)The
hostess
walked
up
and
down
the
stage
with
an
assumption
of
confidence.
(3)Let
us
assume
for
a
moment
that
the
plan
succeeds.
5.
estimate
vt.
估计;
估价;
估算
n.
估计;
估算
It
is
estimated
(that)
the
house
is
worth
3,
000,
000
dollars.
据估计,
这座房子值三百万美元。
Can
you
estimate
the
worth
of
the
used
car?
你能估算一下这辆旧汽车值多少钱吗?
(2020·
天津高考)
I
have
underestimated
you
as
I
didn’t
know
your
background.
因为我不知道你的背景而低估了你。
【词块积累】
(1)be
estimated
to
be/have
估计
It
is
estimated
+
that.
.
.
据估计
(2)at
a
rough
estimate
粗略估计,
粗略说来
(3)underestimate
v.
低估
(1)I
can
give
you
a
rough
estimate
of
the
amount
of
wood
you
will
need.
?
我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。
(2)He
is
estimated
to
have
studied
cancer
for
14
years.
?
估计他已经研究癌症14年了。
(3)It
is
estimated
that
the
project
will
last
four
years.
?
据估计这项工程将持续四年。
(4)The
tree
is
estimated
to
be
at
least
700
years
old.
?
这棵树估计至少有700年了。
6.
reality
n.
现实;
实际情况;
事实
His
latest
vision
for
“seawater
rice”
has
also
become
a
reality,
and
potentially
opened
up
nearly
one
million
square
kilometres
of
salty
land
in
China
for
rice
production.
他关于“海水水稻”的最新设想也成为了现实,
并有可能在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地,
用于水稻生产。
(2020·江苏高考)
The
speed
of
6G
will
exceed
125
GB/s,
allowing
for
a
new
generation
of
virtual
reality.
6G的速度将会超过每秒125GB,
使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。
Mann
thinks
Terrafugia
has
come
closer
than
anyone
to
making
the
flying
car
a
reality.
曼恩认为,
Terrafugia比任何人都更接近于使飞车成为现实。
【词块积累】
(1)in
reality
事实上;
实际上
escape
from
reality
逃避现实
(2)real
adj.
真实的
really
adv.
真实地
(3)realistic
adj.
现实的,
实际的,
现实主义的,
逼真的
(1)语法填空。
①Turning
that
vision
into
a
practical
reality(real)
is
not
easy.
②I
really(real)
don’t
see
any
reason
for
changing
it.
(2)He
came
across
as
streetwise,
but
in
reality
he
was
not.
?
他给人的印象是很适应都市生活,
但实际上并非如此。
(3)He
soon
turned
his
dreams
to
reality.
?
不久他便梦想成真了。
7.
expand
vt.
&vi.
扩大,
增加vt.
扩展,
发展(业务)
This
hybrid
enabled
farmers
to
expand
their
output
greatly.
这种杂交使农民能够大幅度增加产量。
(2019·天津高考)Six
years
after
its
launch,
Cuddle
Buddies
continues
to
expand.
推出六年之后,
Cuddle
Buddies项目继续扩大。
We
need
additional
support
to
strengthen
and
expand
into
new
areas.
我们需要额外的支持从而加强和扩展到新的领域。
I’m
quite
satisfied
with
your
explanation,
so
there’s
no
need
to
expand
on
it.
我对你的解释十分满意,
因此不需要详细阐述了。
He
hopes
the
event
will
take
place
every
year
and
expand
to
neighboring
countries.
他希望每年都可以举行这种活动,
并且扩展到周边国家。
【词块积累】
expand
into
扩展到
expand
on
展开;
更充分地阐述;
详谈
expand
to
扩展到
语法填空。
(1)The
company
is
eager
to
expand
into
new
markets.
(2)The
forest
land
of
the
province
will
be
expanded
to
ten
million
mu
within
five
years.
(3)Committee
members
expanded
on
the
issues
at
the
meeting.
8.
comprise vt.
包括;
包含;
由……组成
Today,
it
is
estimated
that
about
60
percent
of
domestic
rice
consumption
in
China
is
comprised
of
crops
generated
from
Yuan’s
hybrid
strains.
如今,
据估计,
中国约60%的国内大米消费是由袁(隆平)的杂交品种生产的作物构成的。
Women
comprise
44%
of
hospital
medical
staff.
女性占医院医护人员的44%。
【词块积累】
be
comprised
of包括;
包含;
由……组成(或构成)
【知识延伸】
表达“由……组成(或构成)”的常用短语还有consist
of(主动形式表被动),
be
made
up
of,
be
composed
of
一句多译。
足球队由十一名队员组成。
(1)A
football
team
is
comprised/composed
of
eleven
players.
(comprise)?
(2)A
football
team
is
made
up
of
eleven
players.
(make)?
(3)A
football
team
consists
of
eleven
players.
(consist)?
9.
Yuan’s
innovation
has
helped
feed
not
just
China,
but
many
other
countries
that
depend
on
rice
as
well,
such
as
India
and
Vietnam.
袁(隆平)的创新不仅帮助了中国,
也帮助了许多其他依赖大米的国家,
如印度和越南。
【句式解构】
句中包含not
just.
.
.
but.
.
.
(不仅/不但……而且……)结构,
相当于not
only.
.
.
but
(also).
.
.
(also可省略)。该句型可连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语,
说话的侧重点在后一部分。当连接两个并列主语时,
谓语动词的形式应根据“就近原则”,
同最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(2020·天津高考
)This
effort
is
not
just
an
attempt
at
being
community
minded
—
it’s
also
a
crime-cutting
measure.
这项努力不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,
也是一种减少犯罪的措施。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What
I
want
is
not
just
an
ordinary
cafe
but
a
very
special
one.
我想要的不只是一个普通的咖啡馆,
而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。
I
like
not
just
pop
music
but
country
music.
我不仅喜欢流行音乐,
而且喜欢乡村音乐。
(1)This
book
is
not
just
interesting
but
also
useful.
?
这本书不但有趣而且有用。
(2)Lu
Xun
is
famous
not
just
in
China
but
in
the
whole
world.
?
鲁迅不只在中国有名,
而且在全世界都很著名。
(3)He
can
not
just
drive
but
repair
a
car.
?
他不仅会开车而且会修车。
【要点拾遗】
1.
consider
v.
(仔细)考虑,
体谅,
顾及;
认为,
觉得
Yet,
he
considers
himself
a
farmer
because
he
continually
works
the
land
in
his
research.
然而,
他(袁隆平)认为自己是农民,
因为他在田间耕作,
进行科学研究。
(2020·浙江高考)
Now
he
hopes
that
other
cities
will
consider
making
their
streets
run
smarter
instead
of
just
making
them
bigger.
现在他希望其他城市能考虑让街道变得更智能化,
而不仅仅是让街道变大。
(2019·浙江高考)The
challenge
is
all
the
more
serious
when
you
consider
the
demanding
exercise
required
to
bike
from
France
to
Poland.
当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的更高强度运动时,
挑战就更加严峻了
He
was
considering
what
to
do
next.
他在考虑下一步怎么办。
【词块积累】
consider.
.
.
(to
be/as)
认为……是;
把……看作
consider
doing
sth.
考虑做某事
consider
+how从句/wh-从句
考虑……
all
things
considered
考虑到所有情况,
综合考虑
consider
it
adj.
/n.
+to
do
认为做某事……
单句语法填空。
(1)To
turn
your
weakness
into
strength,
consider
taking
(take)
hands-on
learning
or
training.
?
(2)She
played
quite
well,
all
things
considered
(consider).
?
(3)(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)What
did
Levine
take
into
consideration(consider)
when
designing
her
experiment?
2.
crisis
n.
(pl.
crises)危机,
危急关头
To
tackle
this
crisis,
he
chose
to
study
agriculture
and
received
an
education
at
Southwest
Agricultural
College
in
Chongqing.
为了应对这一危机,
他选择了研究农业,
并受教于重庆的西南农业大学。
Oil
shortages
have
brought
on
an
energy
crisis.
石油短缺已经造成了能源危机。
The
business
is
still
in
crisis
but
it
has
survived
the
worst
of
times.
这家公司仍处于危机之中,
但它已经挺过了最坏的时期。
【词块积累】
solve
a
crisis
化解危机
be
at
a
crisis
point
处于危急关头
be
in
crisis
危机中
in
times
of
crisis
在危急时刻
(1)I
think
Paul
and
Lucinda
are
at
a
crisis
point(处于危急时刻)
in
their
marriage.
?
(2)In
times
of
crisis(在危急时刻)
you
can
find
out
who
your
real
friends
are.
?
(3)If
this
is
not
stopped,
the
financial
crisis
will
deepen(财政危机将会加剧).
?
(4)Natural
disasters
have
obviously
contributed
to
the
economic
crisis(经济危机).
?
3.
realise/realize
vt.
实现,
认识到,
意识到
Yuan
Longping
realised
that
larger
fields
were
not
the
solution.
袁隆平意识到更大的种植面积不是解决问题的方法。
He
realized
that
it
was
because
there
weren’t
enough
trees
to
protect
them
from
the
heat.
他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护他们免受高温的影响。
(2020·天津高考)She
realized
she
looked
like
a
child,
with
her
tiny
figure.
她意识到自己身材瘦小,
长得像个孩子。
【词块积累】
realise
one’s
dreams/goals/ambitions
实现某人的梦想/目标/抱负
realise
+that/what从句
意识到
【知识延伸】
Achieve
v.
实现
realisation
/
realization
n.
实现
(1)单句语法填空。
①There
was
a
cheer
when
it
was
realised
(realise)
that
everyone
was
safely
back.
?
②As
soon
as
we
realised
(realise)
something
was
wrong,
we
moved
the
children
away.
(2)The
situation
was
more
complicated
than
they
had
at
first
realized.
?
形势比他们最初意识到的更为复杂。
(3)People
didn’t
realize
how
serious
this
epidemic
has
actually
been.
?
人们没有意识到这次疫情事实上有多严重。
4.
characteristic n.
特征;
特点;
品质
adj.
典型的;
独特的
One
characteristic
of
hybrids
is
that
they
usually
attain
a
higher
yield
than
conventional
crops.
杂交作物的一个特点是通常比常规作物获得更高的产量。
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She
wondered
if
centuries
of
diving
could
have
led
to
the
evolution
of
physical
characteristics
that
made
the
task
easier
for
them.
她想知道几个世纪的潜水经历能否导致他们身体特征的进化,
从而使得这项工作对他们来说更容易。
(2019·北京高考)Warming
changes
key
characteristics
of
the
ocean
and
can
affect
phytoplankton
growth,
since
they
need
not
only
sunlight
and
carbon
dioxide
to
grow,
but
also
nutrients.
气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,
并影响浮游植物的生长,
因为它们不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳的生长,
而且需要营养素。
【词块积累】
character
n.
品质,
性格;
特点,
特性
vt.
使具有特征
It’s
characteristic
of
sb.
that.
.
.
……是某人的特点
(1)The
need
to
communicate
is
a
key
characteristic
of
human
society.
?
需要交流是人类社会最重要的一个特征。
(2)The
two
groups
of
children
have
quite
different
characteristics.
?
这两组儿童具有截然不同的特点。
(3)Personal
characteristics,
such
as
age
and
sex
are
taken
into
account.
?
个人的特征,
如年龄和性别等,
都要考虑进去。
(4)It’s
characteristic/typical
of
her
that
she
never
complained.
?
从来不发牢骚是她的特性。
5.
conventional
adj.
传统的,
习惯的
One
characteristic
of
hybrids
is
that
they
usually
attain
a
higher
yield
than
conventional
crops.
杂交作物的一个特征是通常比传统作物获得更高的产量。
It
is
simpler
and
quicker
to
use
than
conventional
methods.
这比传统的做法更简单、更快捷。
Only
five
years
after
Steve
Jobs’
death,
smart-phones
defeated
conventional
PCs
in
sales.
仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世5年后,
智能手机的销售量就打败了传统的个人电脑。
【词块积累】
convention
n.
惯例,
习俗
conventionally
adv.
传统地
单句语法填空。
(1)We
must
reduce
the
danger
of
war
by
controlling
nuclear,
chemical
and
conventional
(convention)arms.
(2)He
usually
behaves
rather
conventionally(conventional).
6.
overcome
(overcame,
overcome)vt.
克服;
解决;
战胜
Through
intense
effort,
Yuan
overcame
enormous
technical
difficulties
to
develop
the
first
hybrid
rice
that
could
be
used
for
farming
in
1974.
经过不懈的努力,
袁隆平克服巨大的技术困难,
于1974年研制出第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻。
(2020·
天津高考)
As
is
described
in
Paragraph
4,
taking
a
small
kid
to
a
half-hour
Story
Time
allows
the
kid
to
overcome
reading
difficulties.
如第4段所述,
带一个小孩参加半小时的故事时光可以帮助他克服阅读困难。
【词块积累】
overcome
the
enemy
战胜敌人
overcome
the
difficulties
克服困难
be
overcome
by
curiosity
受好奇心驱使
(1)单句语法填空。
①The
learner
of
a
second
language
has
many
obstacles
to
overcome
(overcome).
?
②Relying
on
our
own
efforts,
we
have
overcome(overcome)
all
the
difficulties
so
far.
?
(2)Molly
had
fought
and
overcome
her
fear
of
flying.
?
莫莉已经努力克服了对飞行的恐惧。
(3)We
can
overcome
any
difficulty,
however
great.
?
不管多大困难,
我们都能克服。
7.
despite
prep.
不管,
尽管,
任凭
Despite
his
advanced
years,
Yuan
Longping
is
still
young
at
heart
and
full
of
vision,
and
everyone
is
waiting
to
see
what
he
will
dream
up
next.
尽管年事已高,
但袁隆平内心依然年轻,
充满憧憬,
大家都在等着看他接下来会梦想什么。
(2019·江苏高考)Despite
their
many
differences,
all
human
beings
share
several
defining
characteristics,
such
as
large
brains
and
the
ability
to
walk
upright
on
two
legs.
尽管他们有许多不同之处,
但所有人都有一些明确的特征,
比如大的脑袋和用两条腿直立行走的能力。
(2018·江苏高考)Despite
the
poor
service
of
the
hotel,
the
manager
is
reluctant
to
invest
in
sufficient
training
for
his
staff.
尽管酒店的服务很差,
经理还是不愿意投资为他的员工进行足够的培训。
(1)It
is
unbelievable
that
Mr
Lucas
leads
a
simple
life
despite
his
great
wealth.
?
令人难以置信的是,
卢卡斯先生尽管拥有巨大的财富,
但仍然过着简朴的生活。
(2)Joe
is
a
good
basketball
player
despite
being
short
and
fat.
?
尽管又矮又胖,
乔依然是个优秀的篮球运动员。
(3)Despite
the
traffic
jam
he
arrived
here
on
time.
?
尽管交通堵塞,
他依然准时到达这里。
(4)Despite
applying
for
hundreds
of
jobs,
he
is
still
out
of
work.
?
尽管他申请了数百个工作,
但仍然在失业中。
拓视野·观天下
1.
British
National
Health
Service
has
been
facing
shortages
of
clothing
and
equipment
to
keep
its
staff
safe.
英国卫生部缺乏让工作人员安全的防护服和设备。
2.
As
the
world
faces
this
unprecedented
global
health
crisis,
it
is
clear
that
no
one
company
can
go
it
alone.
在世界面临这一前所未有的全球性卫生危机之际,
显然没有任何一家企业能够单打独斗。
3.
China
aims
to
raise
its
global
competitiveness
in
the
railway
sector
by
expanding
its
networks
with
wider
coverage
and
higher
speeds,
according
to
the
country’s
top
railway
operator.
中国国家铁路集团称,
我国计划建成覆盖更广、速度更快的铁路网,
从而提高在铁路领域的全球竞争力。
4.
Party
committees
and
governments
at
all
levels
should
take
responsibility
and
devote
themselves
to
their
duties,
as
well
as
establish
and
improve
the
investigation
and
assessment
system
for
major
natural
disasters
and
accidents,
President
Xi
noted.
习主席强调,
各级党委和政府要切实担负起责任,
忠于职业。要建立健全重大自然灾害和事故调查评估制度。
PAGEUnit
5 Working
the
Land
Using
Language
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1.
the
chemical
industry
化学工业
2.
organic
farming
有机耕作
3.
enjoy
widespread
respect
受到广泛尊重
4.
need
time
to
digest
information
需要一些时间来消化信息
5.
Experience
is
essential
for
this
job.
对于这个工作,
经验是非常重要的。
6.
alternative
energy
替代能源
7.
at
a
depth
of
30
metres
在30米深处
8.
an
entirely
different
matter
一件完全不同的事情
9.
advice
on
diet
and
nutrition
有关饮食和营养的建议
10.
cover
all
aspects
of
city
life
涵盖城市生活的各个方面
Ⅱ.
根据提示用恰当的短语填空
in
addition,
in
turn,
because
of,
as
for,
as
well,
for
instance
1.
I’ll
do
some
reading
for
fun,
and
for
knowledge
as
well.
?
2.
Theory
is
based
on
practice
and
in
turn
serves
practice.
?
3.
I
met
some
friends
and
other
acquaintances
in
addition.
?
4.
As
for
parents,
nothing
can
be
compared
with
their
children’s
physical
and
mental
health.
?
5.
There
are
jobs
more
dangerous
than
truck
driving;
for
instance,
training
lions.
?
6.
Because
of
the
help
you
gave
me
that
summer,
my
life
changed.
?
Ⅲ.
根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1.
When
they
were
first
introduced,
many
farmers
welcomed
them
as
a
great
way
to
fight
crop
disease
and
increase
production.
?
当它们第一次被引进时,
很多农民喜欢把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。
2.
Over
time,
however,
what
some
scientists
have
found
is
that
their
long-term
use
can
sometimes
harm
both
the
land
and
people’s
health.
?
然而,
随着时间的推移,
一些科学家发现它们的长期使用会造成土地受损,
对人们的健康造成危害。
3.
As
for
chemical
fertilisers,
crops
grown
with
them
usually
grow
too
fast
to
be
rich
in
nutrition.
?
至于化肥,
施过化肥的农作物通常生长得过快而营养不足。
4.
Organic
farming
is
nowhere
near
able
to
meet
that
need.
?
有机耕作完全不能满足那样的需求。
阅读精析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)Why
did
many
farmers
welcome
the
introduction
of
chemical
farming?
A.
They
can
fight
crop
disease
and
increase
production.
B.
They
harm
both
the
land
and
people’s
health.
C.
They
can
help
produce
rich
soil.
D.
They
are
not
expensive.
(2)What
concerns
many
people
about
the
use
of
pesticides?
A.
Pesticides
can
damage
the
land.
B.
Chemicals
can
stay
in
the
soil
for
a
long
time.
C.
Pesticides
can
kill
harmful
bacteria
and
insects.
D.
Chemicals
may
make
people
ill
and
even
cause
cancer.
(3)Why
do
organic
farmers
change
the
kind
of
crop
grown
in
each
field
every
few
years?
A.
It
helps
put
important
minerals
back
into
the
ground.
B.
It
can
avoid
damage
to
the
environment.
C.
It
can
help
increase
output.
D.
The
writer
didn’t
tell
us.
(4)Why
can’t
we
stop
the
use
of
man-made
chemicals
in
agriculture
entirely?
A.
Organic
farming
cost
us
a
lot
of
money.
B.
Organic
farming
can
meet
people’s
need.
C.
Chemical
farming
brought
us
huge
profit.
D.
Chemical
farming
helps
serve
the
need
for
food.
答案:
(1)～(4)ADAD
Reread
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
With
the
development
of
society,
chemical
pesticides
and
artificial
fertilisers
have
been
in
(1)widespread
use
in
farming
for
many
years.
They
can
help
fight
crop
(2)disease
and
increase
production.
However,
they
can
cause
many
problems
(3)as
well.
For
instance,
pesticides
can
kill
(4)helpful
bacteria
and
insects
and
crops
grown
with
chemical
fertilisers
usually
grow
(5)too
fast
to
be
full
of
nutrition.
As
a
result,
many
people
worry
they
may
make
them
ill
and
even
cause
cancer.
?
To
tackle
this
problem,
farmers
use
natural
waste
as
(6)fertiliser
and
they
often
change
the
kind
of
crop
grown
in
each
field
every
year
and
they
also
plant
diverse
crops
that
use
different
(7)depths
of
soil
to
help
keep
it
rich.
But
organic
farming
is
nowhere
near
able
to
(8)meet
the
high
demand
for
food.
Therefore,
there
is
still
a
long
way
to
find
a
(9)suitable
solution
that
puts
sufficient
food
on
the
dinner
table
while
keeping
people
and
the
environment
as
(10)healthy
as
possible.
2.
Long
sentence
analysis.
译文:
为什么种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质放回地下,
使它为下一批作物再次做好准备。
译文:
阻止他们这样做的是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
What
other
disadvantages
of
chemical
farming
do
you
know?
(Critical
Thinking批判性思维)
As
the
saying
goes,
“Each
coin
has
two
sides.
”
Although
chemical
farming
serves
us
enough
food,
they
brought
us
too
many
problems
as
well.
Firstly,
they
destroyed
the
soil.
.
.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
widespread
adj.
分布广的,
普遍的,
广泛的
Chemical
pesticides
and
artificial
fertilisers
have
been
in
widespread
use
in
farming
since
the
middle
of
the
20th
century.
自20世纪中叶以来,
化学杀虫剂和人工肥料在农业中被广泛使用。
(2019·浙江高考)Mclntyre
and
his
colleagues
documented
a
widespread
death
of
big
trees
that
was
evident
even
in
wildlands
protected
from
woodcutting
or
development.
Mclntyre和他的同事发现大树的广泛死亡,
即使在禁止砍伐和开发的野生土地上也很明显。
Smart
phones
are
widely
used
in
the
world.
智能手机在世界上被广泛使用。
【词块积累】
(1)a
widespread
disease
流行病
in
widespread
use
广泛应用
(2)widely
adv.
广泛地,
大大地
(1)The
consequence
of
a
rising
sea
level
would
be
widespread
flooding(到处洪水泛滥).
?
(2)Warm
winter
may
cause
a
widespread
disease(流行病).
?
(3)The
effects
were
widespread(影响是广泛的).
More
than
90%
of
Microsoft’s
2,
280
employees
in
Japan
later
said
they
were
impacted
by
the
new
measures,
according
to
the
company.
?
(4)There
is
widespread
support
for
the
new
proposals.
?
新提议获得了广泛的支持。
(5)Food
shortages
are
widespread
in
some
African
countries.
?
在某些非洲国家食物短缺的情况很普遍。
2.
essential
adj.
完全必要的;
极其重要的
They
may
look
beautiful
on
the
outside,
but
inside
there
is
usually
more
water
than
essential
minerals,
and
they
often
have
less
flavor
as
well.
它们外表看起来可能很漂亮,
但里面通常含水比必需矿物质多,
而且它们的味道也往往较淡。
Before
giving
my
opinion,
I
think
it
is
essential
to
look
at
the
argument
of
both
sides.
在给出我的观点之前,
我想有必要看看双方的论据。
(2019·江苏高考)The
example
in
Paragraph
4
suggests
that
donators
should
take
people’s
essential
needs
into
account.
第4段中的例子表明捐赠者应该考虑到人们的基本需求。
(2019·天津高考)History
is
much
more
than
the
study
of
dusty
old
objects
and
events
long
past.
It
is
an
essential
part
of
who
we
are
today
and
who
we
will
become.
历史不只是研究满是灰尘的古董和很久以前的事件。它还是搞清楚我们今天是谁和我们将成为谁的重要部分。
Food
is
essential
to
life.
食物对生命是必不可少的。
【词块积累】
be
essential
to/for
对……很重要
It
is
essential
that
.
.
.
(should)
do.
.
.
“做……是完全必要的”
It
is
essential
for
sb.
to
do.
.
.
“对某人来说做……是完全必要的”
(1)语法填空。
①Sun
and
water
are
essential
to
the
growth
of
crops.
②It
is
essential
for
us
to
set
(set)
our
goal
realistically.
?
③It
is
essential
that
you
(should)
learn
(learn)
Chinese
history.
?
④Essentially(essential),
everyone
has
two
ages:
a
chronological
age
and
a
biological
age.
(2)It
is
essential
that
you
should
come
home
early.
?
你有必要早点回家。
(3)A
rich
and
varied
cultural
life
is
essential
for
this
couple.
?
丰富多样的文化生活对这对夫妇而言是至关重要的。
3.
alternative
n.
可供选择的事物
adj.
可供替代的,
非传统的
As
an
alternative,
some
farmers
have
switched
to
organic
farming,
and
many
customers
have
turned
to
organic
food
when
they
shop
at
the
local
grocery.
作为一个选择,
一些农民已经转向有机农业,
而且许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转向了有机食品。
In
race
for
a
sustainable
alternative
to
plastic,
Indonesia
bets
on
seaweed.
在寻找一种可持续的塑料替代品的竞赛中,
印度尼西亚把赌注押在了海藻上。
(2019·江苏高考)Many
donators
have
rushed
into
fancy
programmes
without
carefully
assessing
the
relative
long-term
costs
and
benefits
of
alternative
uses
of
their
money.
许多捐赠者在没有仔细评估其资金的替代用途的相对长期成本和收益的情况下,
就仓促进行了一些花哨的项目。
【词块积累】
(1)have
no
alternative
but
(to
do)
除(做)……外别无选择
(2)choice(同义词)
n.
选择,
选择权
make
a
choice
做选择
have
no
choice
but
to
do
别无选择只好做
(1)As
there
is
less
and
less
coal
and
oil,
scientists
are
exploring
new
ways
of
making
use
of
alternative
energy(替代能源),
such
as
sunlight,
wind
and
water
for
power
and
fuel.
?
(2)If
you
don’t
like
the
school
lunch,
you
have
the
alternative
of
bringing
your
own.
?
要是你不喜欢学校的午餐,
你可以自己带饭。
(3)Finding
himself
under
fire
from
all
quarters,
he
had
no
alternative
but
to
abandon
his
scheme.
?
在这四面楚歌的情况下,
他除了放弃他的计划没有别的选择。
4.
instance
n.
例子,
实例,
事例
For
instance,
they
may
grow
corn
or
wheat
in
a
field
one
year,
and
then
grow
beans
there
the
next.
例如,
他们可以一年在田里种植玉米或小麦,
然后下一年在那里种植豆类。
In
one
instance,
indeed,
things
have
gone
full
circle.
在一个例子中,
事实上,
事情已经绕了一圈。
It
denies
rights
not
only
to
animals
but
also
to
some
people—
for
instance
to
infants,
the
mentally
incapable
and
future
generations.
它不仅剥夺了动物的权利,
也剥夺了一些人的权利,
例如婴儿、智力低下者和后代。
(2019·天津高考)Most
food
webs,
for
instance,
consist
of
many
weak
links
rather
than
a
few
strong
ones.
例如,
大多数食物网由许多薄弱链接组成,
而不是几个强有力的链接。
【词块积累】
for
instance
例如
in
the
first
instance
第一,
首先
(1)语法填空。
①There
are
a
number
of
improvements,
for
instance,
both
mouse
buttons
can
now
be
used.
②In
most
instances,
there
will
be
no
need
for
further
treatment.
(2)In
the
first
instance,
we
had
better
make
sure
the
calculations
are
correct.
首先,
我们最好保证计算是正确的。?
【要点拾遗】
1.
prohibit
vt.
禁止;
阻止(prohibited,
prohibited)
In
fact,
some
pesticides
like
DDT
have
been
prohibited
in
most
countries
because
of
the
damage
they
cause
to
people
and
the
environment.
事实上,
一些杀虫剂,
如DDT,
因为它们对人和环境造成的损害,
在大多数国家已经被禁止。
Over
1,
800
foreigners
have
been
arrested
for
doing
legally
prohibited
jobs
in
Thailand,
超过1
800名外国人因涉嫌在泰国从事被禁止的工作而被捕。
(2019·浙江高考)Cutting
of
Big
Trees
to
Be
Prohibited
in
California
soon.
加利福尼亚州即将禁止砍伐大树。
The
professor
was
deaf
and
any
talking
was
prohibited.
那个教授是个失聪的人,
并且任何交谈都受限制。
【词块积累】
prohibit
sb.
from
doing
sth.
阻止某人做某事
单句语法填空。
(1)His
small
size
prohibits
him
from
becoming
(become)
a
policeman.
?
(2)Dr.
King
encourages
us
to
fight
against
this
unfair
system
which
prohibits
us
from
sitting
(sit)
where
we
like.
(3)So
if
you
don’t
want
your
personal,
yet
prohibited(prohibit),
belongings
to
land
on
next
year’s
Christmas
tree,
better
check
out
the
baggage
requirements
before
you
pack
for
your
next
flight.
2.
depth
n.
向下(或向里)的距离,
深(度)
Organic
farmers
also
plant
diverse
crops
that
use
different
depths
of
soil
to
help
keep
it
rich.
种植有机作物的农民还种植不同的作物,
使用不同的土壤深度来帮助保持其肥沃。
We
will
discuss
these
three
areas
in
depth.
我们将深入探讨这3个领域。
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You
also
need
to
judge
the
quality
and
depth
of
your
motivation.
你还需要判断动机的质量和深度。
【词块积累】
(1)in
depth
完全地,
深入地
(2)deep
adj.
深的
adv.
深深地
(3)deeply
adv.
深深地,
强烈地
(4)deepen
v.
(使)变深,
(使)加深
(1)单句语法填空。
①There
isn’t
time
to
dig
deeply
(deep)
and
put
in
manure
or
compost.
②If
you
deepen
(deep)
your
knowledge
or
understanding
of
a
subject,
you
will
learn
more
about
it
and
become
more
interested
in
it.
(2)In
the
depths
of
my
memory,
many
things
I
did
with
my
father
still
live.
?
在我记忆深处,
我与父亲一起做过的很多事仍然存在。
(3)This
subject
will
be
covered
in
depth
next
term.
?
这个话题将在下学期深入讨论。
(4)On
June
27,
2012,
the
Jiaolong
reached
a
depth
of
7,
062
meters
in
the
Pacific
Ocean.
?
2012年6月27日,
“蛟龙”号潜入到太平洋7
062米的深度。
3.
in
turn
相应地,
转而,
依次,
轮流
This
affects
the
crops
grown
on
the
land
and,
in
turn,
the
animals
and
humans
who
digest
them.
这会影响在土地上种植的作物,
进而影响消化它们的动物和人类。
People
try
to
avoid
public
transportation
delays
by
using
their
own
cars,
and
in
turn
this
creates
further
problems.
人们通过使用自己的小汽车努力去避免公共交通的延迟,
而这又反过来产生进一步的问题。
【词块积累】
by
turns
轮流,
交替
take
turns
轮流,
依次
用含有turn的词块填空。
(1)There
were
cheers
for
each
of
the
women
as
they
spoke
in
turn.
?
(2)Mary
and
Helen
took
turns
at
sitting
up
with
their
sick
mother.
?
(3)The
book
is,
by
turns,
funny
and
very
sad.
?
(4)The
girls
took
it
in
turn
to
wipe
down
the
tables
after
meals.
?
4.
focus
on/upon集中(……)于,
聚焦(……)于
Organic
farmers
focus
on
keeping
their
soil
rich
and
free
of
disease
through
natural
means.
有机农民注重通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和免于疾病。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Too
often,
when
you
stand
up
to
give
a
speech,
you
focus
on
the“public”at
the
expense
of
the
“speaking”.
很多时候,
当你站起来发表演讲时,
你把注意力集中在“公众”上,
而忽视了“演讲”。
We
are
all
so
focused
on
our
wounds
that
we
forget
to
hold
someone
else’s
outstretched
hand.
我们都太专注于自己的伤口,
以至于忘了握住别人伸出的手。
Stay
focused
on
your
goals
once
you’ve
set
them.
一旦你设定了目标,
就要专注于你的目标。
(1)Each
exercise
focuses
on
a
different
grammar
point.
?
每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
(2)The
visit
helped
to
focus
world
attention
on
the
problems
of
the
refugees.
?
这次访问促使全世界关注难民问题。
5.
in
addition
另外,
此外
In
addition,
these
chemicals
can
stay
in
the
soil
and
underground
water
sources
for
a
long
time.
此外,
这些化学药品可长期停留在土壤和地下水源中。
In
addition
to
giving
me
some
advice,
he
gave
me
some
money.
他不仅给我提了些忠告,
而且还给了我一些钱。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In
addition,
most
newspapers
had
little
in
them
that
would
appeal
to
a
mass
audience.
此外,
大多数报纸几乎没有吸引大众的内容。
【词块积累】
in
addition
to
除……之外(还)
additional
adj.
另外的
用in
addition,
in
addition
to填空。
(1)In
addition,
we’ll
discuss
the
question
of
division
of
labour.
?
(2)In
addition
to
the
awards
themselves,
there
are
also
performances
by
famous
artists
at
the
ceremony.
?
(3)Our
café
offers
a
complete
menu
of
lunch
and
snack
options,
in
addition
to
seasonal
specials.
?
(4)In
addition
to
reducing
working
hours,
managers
urged
staff
to
cut
down
on
the
time
they
spent
on
meetings
and
responding
to
emails.
?
6.
as
for
关于,
至于
Definitely,
as
for
the
activities,
we
will
be
honored
to
be
given
high-level
training
by
a
professional
coach
every
Friday
around
3-5
pm.
当然,
至于活动,
我们将很荣幸在每周五下午3至5点左右接受专业教练的高水平培训。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As
for
cherries
(樱桃),
they
are
so
delicious
who
cares?
However,
they
are
rich
in
Vitamin
C.
至于樱桃,
它们是如此美味,
谁在乎呢?
然而,
它们富含维生素C。
【词块积累】
as
for
(用于介绍谈论的话题)至于,
关于
as
to关于,
至于(=concerning)
(1)选词填空(as
for/as
to)。
①As
for
Laura
and
me,
the
color
of
our
skin
has
never
mattered.
?
②The
dietitian
was
helpful,
making
suggestions
as
to
how
I
could
improve
my
diet.
?
(2)As
for
his
job—well,
he
was
very
mysterious
about
it.
?
至于他的工作——嗯,
他总是显得非常神秘。
(3)As
for
anything
told
to
me
in
confidence,
well,
my
lips
are
sealed.
?
至于私底下告诉我的任何事情,
那么,
我会守口如瓶的。
读写结合·表达升级
如何写表达观点的文章
高考英语应用文写作中,
发表观点,
议论情景是常见的书写手法。发表议论就是通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张,
作者对某一问题持有一种看法,
为了使读者同意自己的看法,
提出若干理由,
试图说服他人。
发表议论时,
我们要注意三个要素:
论点、论据、论证。
议论文的类型:
1.
“一分为二”的观点:
从两方面去分析一个问题,
然后阐述自己的观点。
2.
“两者选一”的观点:
分析两种食物的优劣势,
阐述自己的观点。
3.
“我认为……”型:
阐述对某事物的客观看法。
4.
“看图(表)”作文:
通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法。
如:
我们要写一篇关于支持有机农业的议论文,
需要注意哪些方面呢?
(1)说明、论述时要注意动词时态,
属于过去发生的用一般过去时,
属于经常发生的应用一般现在时。
(2)句子结构要有变化,
不要总是用一个句型“I
am.
.
.
and
I
agree.
.
.
and
I.
.
.
”
(3)熟练掌握一些固定句型和表达方式。
(4)熟练使用一些数据、百分比等作为观点的支撑。
(5)注意将作文的论据分层次展示,
然后列举出相应的细节去支撑主要观点。一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持,
不同层次之间要分明,
过渡清晰自然。
(6)观点要鲜明,
一篇文章要有一个明确的中心论点。最后一段总结,
得出结论。整篇文章语言要简洁有力,
一般不采用口语。
议论文的写作步骤:
(1)引言(introduction)。由于英语作文受时间和字数的限制,
因此,
审清题意之后在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题,
并明白地亮出自己的观点,
如提倡什么,
支持什么,
反对什么。
(2)主体段(main
body)。主体段是议论的过程,
作者必须有足够的证据(
adequate
proofs)来论证自己的观点。一般可提出一个或两个
proofs,
并对此用几句话分别进行阐述。
(3)结论(conclusion)。结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章。同时要注意与引言段呼应,
但不能照搬前面的原话。
关于有机农业和化学农业,
你们班举行了一场辩论。请结合你们的讨论结果,
写一篇支持有机农业的英语作文,
词数不低于80。
注意要点:
1.
化学农业的危害;
2.
有机农业的优点及理由;
3.
讨论的结果和大家的期待;
4.
根据自己掌握的相关知识,
批判性地发表自己的观点。
完成句子
1.
Chemical
agriculture
and
organic
agriculture
are
two
key
words.
?
化学农业和有机农业是两个关键词。
2.
There
are
various
opinions
about
chemical
agriculture
and
organic
agriculture.
?
关于化学农业和有机农业有各种观点。
3.
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
chemicals
staying
inside
the
crops
can
lead
to
cancer
or
other
illnesses.
The
vegetables
grow
so
fast
that
they
contain
little
nutrition.
?
毫无疑问,
残留在农作物中的化学物质会导致癌症或其他疾病。蔬菜生长得太快,
几乎没有营养。
4.
The
first
reason
is
that
as
people
are
richer,
they
attach
great
importance
to
health.
The
second
reason
is
that
organic
produce
simply
uses
natural
fertilisers,
making
vegetables
and
fruit
tasty
and
nutritive.
?
第一个原因是,
随着人们越来越富裕,
他们非常重视健康。第二个原因是有机农产品仅使用天然肥料,
使蔬菜和水果既美味又营养。
5.
As
a
saying
goes,
health
is
the
first
wealth.
And
it
is
wiser
to
choose
organic
food.
?
俗话说,
健康是第一财富。选择有机食品是更明智的。
词句升级
6.
请用主从复合句连接1、2两句话。
Chemical
agriculture
and
organic
agriculture
are
two
key
words,
over
which
there
are
various
opinions.
?
7.
请使用合适的衔接词将3改写,
使其逻辑清晰,
层次分明。
Above
all,
there
is
no
doubt
that
the
chemicals
staying
inside
the
crops
can
lead
to
cancer
or
other
illnesses.
Besides,
the
vegetables
grow
so
fast
that
they
contain
little
nutrition.
?
8.
使用适当的衔接词,
变化4的结构,
使其层次分明,
避免口语化。
There
are
many
reasons
for
this.
The
first
one
is
that
as
people
are
richer,
they
attach
great
importance
to
health.
Secondly,
organic
produce
simply
uses
natural
fertilisers,
making
vegetables
and
fruit
tasty
and
nutritive.
?
9.
用因果关系改写5,
使其更具逻辑性。
As
a
saying
goes,
health
is
the
first
wealth,
so
it
is
wiser
to
choose
organic
food.
?
In
terms
of
the
development
of
modern
agriculture,
chemical
agriculture
and
organic
agriculture
are
two
key
words,
over
which
there
are
various
opinions.
It
is
obvious
that
using
chemical
fertilisers
has
many
disadvantages.
Above
all,
there
is
no
doubt
that
the
chemicals
staying
inside
the
crops
can
lead
to
cancer
or
other
illnesses.
Besides,
the
vegetables
grow
so
fast
that
they
contain
little
nutrition.
Organic
foods
are
becoming
increasingly
popular
with
customers.
There
are
many
reasons
for
this.
The
first
one
is
that
as
people
are
richer,
they
attach
great
importance
to
health.
Secondly,
organic
produce
simply
uses
natural
fertilisers,
making
vegetables
and
fruit
tasty
and
nutritive.
Moreover,
the
produce
grows
in
clean
water
and
never
uses
pesticides,
which
is
beneficial
for
our
health.
As
a
saying
goes,
health
is
the
first
wealth,
so
it
is
wiser
to
choose
organic
food.
1.
话题词汇
(1)introduction(引言):
Nowadays
more
and
more
people.
.
.
/.
.
.
plays
an
important
role
in.
.
.
/.
.
.
have
both
advantages
and
disadvantages.
.
.
/Generally
speaking,
the
favorable
aspects/advantages
can
be
listed
as
follows.
.
.
(2)main
body(主体):
Firstly.
.
.
Secondly.
.
.
In
addition/What’s
more/Moreover.
.
.
/Every
coin
has
two
sides.
.
.
/
To
make
things
worse.
.
.
(3)Conclusion(结论):
Through
above
analysis/All
things
considered,
we
can
see.
.
.
/Therefore.
.
.
2.
话题句式
(1)总起:
Different
people
hold
different
opinions/The
opinions
are
divided/People
have
taken/adopted
different
attitudes
towards/People
have
different
opinions
on
this
problem/People
take
different
views
on
this
question
(2)表达不同观点:
of
them
hold
the
opinion
that/of
them
are
in
favor
of
the
idea
that/People
who
are
for/against
the
idea
think/Some
people
believe
that.
.
.
Others
argue
that.
.
.
(3)不同观点之间的衔接:
However,
some
of
them
hold
a
different
view/
hold
the
opposite
opinion/People
who
are
against
it
don’t
think
so/However,
each
coin
has
two
sides/Different
from
those,
people
think/On
the
other
hand.
.
.
/People
object
that.
.
.
(4)并列关系:
and,
as
well
as,
also
(5)递进关系:
besides,
in
addition,
moreover,
what’s
more
(6)比较、对比:
like,
unlike,
on
the
contrary,
on
the
other
hand
主题活动·话题实践
Ⅰ.
语用功能表达
表示赞同:
1.
It
certainly
is!
/True
enough.
/Of
course.
/Certainly.
/All
right.
的确是这样。/确实如此。
2.
Exactly
my
thoughts.
我也正是这么想的。
3.
I
couldn’t
agree
more.
I
think
that’s
a
good
idea.
我非常同意。我认为那是个好主意。
4.
I
think
I’d
accept
your
view
on
that.
我想我接受你在那方面的观点。
5.
I
don’t
think
anyone
would
disagree.
我认为没有人会不同意。
6.
That’s
just
my
cup
of
tea.
这正合我意。
表示不赞同:
1.
I
don’t
think
so.
/I’m
afraid
not.
/Of
course
not.
/No
way.
我不这样认为。/恐怕不……。/当然不……。/不可能。
2.
I’m
sorry,
but
I
don’t
totally
agree
with
you.
很抱歉,
我不完全同意你的看法。
3.
Yes,
but
that
doesn’t
make
sense.
是的,
但那没有道理。
4.
I
refuse
to
believe
that.
我不敢相信。
5.
I’m
not
sure
that’s
correct.
我不敢说那是对的。
6.
To
be
honest,
I
don’t
necessarily
agree.
说实话,
我未必同意。
Ⅱ.
话题情景交流
班会上,
同学们就Which
is
better,
chemical
or
organic
farming?
这一话题各抒己见……
Adam:
1.
I
agree
with
many
farmers
that
(我同意……的看法)chemical
pesticides
and
artificial
fertilisers
can
fight
crop
disease
and
increase
production.
However,
I
don’t
agree(我不赞同)that
they
should
use
too
much.
?
Max:
2.
I
think
so.
/Exactly
my
thoughts(我也正是这么想的).
Too
much
pesticides
and
artificial
fertilisers
may
make
people
ill
and
even
cause
cancer.
?
George:
3.
I
couldn’t
agree
more(我非常同意).
I
think
crops
grown
with
them
usually
grow
too
fast
to
be
rich
in
nutrition.
They
may
look
beautiful
on
the
outside,
but
inside
there
is
usually
more
water
than
essential
minerals,
and
they
often
have
less
flavour
as
well.
?
Adam:
I’m
sorry,
but
4.
I
don’t
totally
agree
with
you
(我不完全同意你的看法).
I
think
we
should
use
proper
amount
of
chemicals
and
pesticides,
focusing
on
keeping
the
soil
rich
and
free
of
disease
through
natural
means.
?
Max:
Yes,
I
think
5.
I’d
accept
your
view
on
that(我接受你在这方面的观点).
But
how
on
earth
can
we
handle
the
problem
well?
Perhaps
we
should
change
the
kind
of
crop
because
different
crops
can
put
important
minerals
back
into
the
ground,
making
it
ready
for
the
next
batch
of
crops.
?
George:
All
right.
6.
I
don’t
think
anyone
would
disagree(我认为没有人会不同意).
So
we
all
agree
that
we
should
grow
good
food
while
avoiding
damage
to
the
environment
or
to
people’s
health.
?
Max:
It
certainly
is!
PAGEUnit
5 Working
the
Land
单元脉图·素养导引
聆听经典·话题热身
?
这首歌是首赞美诗,
本意是歌颂上帝,
告诫人们在任何艰难压抑的情况下,
靠着上帝胜过自己,
胜过环境的“福音类”的歌。后被人们暗指父母把孩子抚养成人,
在raise
up(抚养)的过程中,
父母不断地raise
me
up(鼓励我),
意在感谢父母对自己的养育与鼓舞;
感谢那些在人生路上激励和引导自己朝正确的方向走向辉煌的人。?
注:
听音填空
You
Raise
Me
Up
When
I
am
down,
and
oh
①my
soul,
so
weary?
When
troubles
come
and
my
heart
burdened
be
Then
I
am
still
and
wait
here
②in
the
silence?
Until
you
come
and
sit
awhile
with
me
You
raise
me
up,
so
I
can
stand
on
mountains
You
raise
me
up,
to
walk
③on
stormy
seas?
I
am
strong,
when
I
am
on
your
④shoulders
You
raise
me
up,
to
⑤more
than
I
can
be?
You
raise
me
up,
so
I
can
stand
on
mountains
You
raise
me
up,
to
walk
on
stormy
seas
I
am
strong,
when
I
am
on
your
shoulders
You
raise
me
up,
to
more
than
I
can
be
You
raise
me
up,
so
I
can
stand
on
mountains
You
raise
me
up,
to
walk
on
stormy
seas
I
am
strong,
when
I
am
on
your
shoulders
You
raise
me
up,
to
more
than
I
can
be
You
raise
me
up,
so
I
can
stand
on
mountains
You
raise
me
up,
to
walk
on
stormy
seas
I
am
strong,
when
I
am
on
your
shoulders
You
raise
me
up,
to
more
than
I
can
be
You
raise
me
up,
to
more
than
I
can
be
1.
weary
adj.
疲倦的,
感到厌倦的,
令人厌倦的
v.
(使)疲倦,
(使)厌倦
2.
awhile
adv.
暂时,
片刻
3.
burden
v.
/n.
(使)担负;
重担,
负担
译文:
《你鼓舞了我》
灵魂伴随着失落的心变得如此疲倦
心灵承受着烦恼带来的困惑
然而我仍在寂静中等候
直到你降临在我身旁,
与我坐上片刻
你鼓舞了我,
让我得以屹立于群山之巅
你鼓舞了我,
让我得以遨游于狂风暴雨的海
依着你的肩膀,
让我变得如此坚强
你鼓舞了我,
使我超越了自我
你鼓舞了我,
让我得以屹立于群山之巅
你鼓舞了我,
让我得以遨游于狂风暴雨的海
依着你的肩膀,
让我变得如此坚强
你鼓舞了我,
使我超越了自我
你鼓舞了我,
让我得以屹立于群山之巅
你鼓舞了我,
让我得以遨游于狂风暴雨的海
依着你的肩膀,
让我变得如此坚强
你鼓舞了我,
使我超越了自我
你鼓舞了我,
让我得以屹立于群山之巅
你鼓舞了我,
让我得以遨游于狂风暴雨的海
依着你的肩膀,
让我变得如此坚强
你鼓舞了我,
使我超越了自我
你鼓舞了我,
使我超越了自我
PAGE
