中考专项复习--非谓语动词

(共65张PPT)
专题7　非谓语动词
考点知识精讲
考点训练
非谓语动词包括动名词、分词和不定式，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，也可以和助动词结合构成进行时、完成时和被动语态。
构　成 句子成分
不定式 to＋动词原形 除谓语外的任何成分 有将要之意
分
词 现在分词 doing 表语 宾语 定语 状语 主动、进行
过去分词 done 表语 宾语 定语 状语 被动、完成
动名词 doing 主语 宾语 表语 定语 表一般情况
考点一 不定式
1．不定式的基本形式是to＋动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
My father asked me not to read in bed.
我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。
2．不定式的句法作用
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
(1)作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb.)＋动词不定式。
It's important (for us) to protect the environment.
(对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。
注：当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。
It's very kind of_you_to_help_me.
你帮助我真是太好啦。
(2)作宾语
①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。
Would you like to_see_a_film this evening
你今晚想去看电影吗？
②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
I find it easy to_read_English_every_day.
我发现每天读英语很容易。
(3)宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Lucy asked him to_turn_down_the_radio.
露西要他关小收音机的音量。
(4)作定语
动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
I have a lot of homework to_do.
我有许多家庭作业要做。
(5)作状语
Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to_see_her_daughter.(目的)
王太太去上海看她女儿。
We're glad to_meet_you here. (原因)
我们很高兴在这见到你。
He is too tired to_work_on.(结果)
他太累了而不能继续工作。
3．不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。
They told us not_to_play basketball too long.
他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。
4．不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。
He didn't know where_to_go. (where to go＝where he should go)
他不知道去哪里。
考点二 动名词
动名词由动词原形＋ ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
1．作主语，如：
Eating too much is bad for your health.
吃得太多对身体健康有害。
注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
2．作表语，如：
My mother's job is raising chicken.
我母亲的工作是养鸡。
3．作宾语，如：
I don't mind listening to that story again.
我不介意再听一遍那个故事。
4．作定语，如：
Let's join the singing group.
让我们加入合唱队吧。
5．其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun，waste time，can't help/can't stop，be used to(习惯于)等。
其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，
forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。
介词后接动名词的动词短语有keep...from，stop...from，make a contribution to，look forward to，spend...(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be used for，feel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。
6．当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。
The window needs cleaning.
＝The window needs to be cleaned.
那扇窗户需要被清洗。
7．不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。
Weihai is a good place to_live_in.
威海是一个居住的好地方。
考点三 分词
　1.分词的构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词＋ ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词＋ ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
2．分词的句法功能
功　能 例　句 说　明
定　语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree
你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗？
Please hand in your exercises.
请交上你们的练习。 分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。
状　语 The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.
学生们谈笑着走出了教室。 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主句主语。
表　语 The boy is too frightened to move.
这个男孩太害怕了以至于不能动了。 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。
补足语 Don't keep us waiting for a long time.
不要让我们等得太久。
I heard him singing in the classroom.
我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。
He'll have his hair cut after school.放学后他要去理发。 现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)
注：现在分词表示“令人……的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到……的”，主语一般是人。
He is surprised to hear the news.
他听到那个消息感到很吃惊。
The news is surprising.
那个消息令人吃惊。
　辨析：
(1)有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别。
Stop thinking，please.请停止思考。
Stop to_think about it for a moment.停下来想一会儿。
I remember posting your letter.
我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出)
Please remember to_post my letter.
请记住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出)
I forgot to_bring_my_homework.
我忘记带作业了。(没带作业)
I forgot bringing_my_homework.
我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来)
He tried speaking English to us.
他试着用英语和我们谈话。
Please try to_do better next time.
下次设法做得更好些。
Go on to_do the other exercise after you finish this one.
做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。
Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.
休息一会儿之后，我们继续做练习。
We don't allow smoking here.
我们不允许在这儿吸烟。
We don't allow students to_go out on school days.
上学时，我们不允许学生外出。
(2)现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。
我们常见的动词如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。
I heard him singing in the classroom.
我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)
I heard him sing in the classroom.
我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束)
(3)现在分词与过去分词的区别。
①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。
the surprising news令人惊讶的消息
a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人
②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the developing country 发展中国家
the developed country发达国家
(4)易混句式have sb.do sth.have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别。
①have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.
士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。
②have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。
The two men had the boy running all night long.
那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。
③have sth.done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.。过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。
The driver had his car washed once a week.
那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。
非谓语动词
(训练时间：50分钟　分值：50分)
一、单项选择(42分)
1．(2011·扬州)We can make a fire ________the room warm so that we can chat for a while.
A．to keep B．keeping C．keep D．kept
【解析】由句意“我们可以生火让房间暖和起来，以便我们能闲聊一会儿”知此处应为动词不定式作目的状语，故选A。
【答案】A
2．(2011·广东)Try to sing more English songs，and you will find it interesting ________a foreign language.
A．learning B．learns
C．learn D．to learn
【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。find it＋adj.＋to do sth.“发现做某事怎么样”是一种固定句式，故选D。
【答案】D
3．(2011·兰州)We can't work out the physics problem.Can you tell us ________？
A．how to do B．what to do it
C．how to do it D．what should to do
【解析】本题考查“疑问词＋不定式”的用法。句意为“我们做不出这道物理题，你能告诉我们怎样做吗？”how to do sth.“怎样做某事”，do后的宾语不能省略。故选C。
【答案】C
4．(2011·广州)May I have a rest I have already finished ________the report.
A．write B．writing
C．to write D．written
【解析】finish后若跟动词，要用v. ing形式，故选B。
【答案】B
5．(2011·广州)—I feel a bit hungry now.
—Why not ________for dinner with us
A．go B．did you go
C．to go D．do you go
【解析】本题考查why not的用法。why not与why don't you同义，其后要接动词原形，故选A。
【答案】A
6．(2011·盐城)Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time ________what you like every day.
A．do B．to do
C．doing D．done
【解析】have time to do sth.“有时间做某事”是固定短语，故选B。
【答案】B
7．(2011·怀化)—Don't forget ________your homework，John.
—OK.I'll do right now.
A．doing B．do C．to do
【解析】forget to do sth.“忘记要做某事(还没做)”；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事(已经做了)”。由句意“约翰，别忘了做作业。”知选C。
【答案】C
8．(2011·呼和浩特)At last the boy was made ________and began to laugh.
A．stop crying B．to stop to cry
C．to stop crying D．stop to cry
【解析】make sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”，后跟省略to的不定式，但使役动词make变为被动式时，后面省略的to要补充出来。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”。由题意知选C。
【答案】C
9．(2011·临沂)If prices rise too high, the government has to do something ________it.
A．stop B．stopped
C．stopping D．to stop
【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。由句意“如果价格涨得过高，政府必须做一些事情来阻止它。”可知用动词不定式作目的状语。
【答案】D
10．(2011·潍坊)The new treatments ________by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.
A．invent B．invents
C．inventing D．invented
【解析】句意为“由诺曼·白求恩发明的新的治疗方法帮助了许多士兵”。由句意可知用过去分词短语invented by Norman Bethune作后置定语修饰名词treatments。故选D。
【答案】D
11．(2011·芜湖)—I often have hamburgers for lunch.
—You'd better not.It's bad for you ________too much junk food.
A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．ate
【解析】“It's＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。句中it作形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。
【答案】B
12．(2011·河北)Whenever you have a chance ________English，you should take it.
A．speak B．to speak
C．spoke D．speaks
【解析】本题考查动词不定式。由句意“无论什么时候你有一个说英语的机会，你应该抓住它。”可知用不定式短语作后置定语。
【答案】B
13．(2011·铜仁)—It's a fine day today.How about ________？
—Sounds great!
A．go hiking B．go to hike
C．going hiking D．to go to hike
【解析】How about...？意为“……怎么样？”about是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式，故排除A、B、D三项。go hiking“去徒步旅行”。
【答案】C
14．(2011·乌鲁木齐)Water Park is a good place ______.
A．to have fun B．have fun
C．having fun D．to have a fun
【解析】have fun是固定短语，意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”。由句意“水上公园是一个游玩的好地方”可知用动词不定式作后置定语。
【答案】A
15．(2011·烟台)When I was walking past the window, I noticed Wang Fei ________my homework.I really got ________.
A．copying；annoyed B．copying；annoying
C．copy；annoyed D．copied；annoyed
【解析】notice后接不带to的动词不定式或动词的 ing形式，其意思分别为：注意到某人做了某事(看到该动作的全过程)；注意到某人正在做某事。由题干语境可知第一空应填copying。annoying“使生气的；使恼怒的”，主语多为事物：annoyed“生气的；烦恼的”，主语多为人。由主语I知第二空填annoyed。
【答案】A
16．(2011·上海)As we all know，it's not polite to keep others ________for a long time.
A．wait B．waited
C．to wait D．waiting
【解析】keep sb.doing sth.“使某人一直做某事”，动名词作宾补。句意是“我们都知道，让别人一直等很长时间是不礼貌的。”故选D。
【答案】D
17．(2011·上海)You had better ________because you have to drive back home.
A．not drinking B．not drink
C．don't drink D．not to drink
【解析】had better do sth.“最好做某事”，用于给对方提建议，do为不带to的不定式作宾补；had better的否定形式一般将not加在better之后，即had better not do sth.。
【答案】B
18．(2011·成都)While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped ________and lay on the ground，so we all stopped ________what was wrong with him.
A．to run；to see
B．running；seeing
C．running；to see
【解析】stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。句意为“我们在操场上跑步时，杰克突然停下躺在地上，因此我们都停下来看他怎么了。”故选C。
【答案】C
19．(2011·黄冈)—________a volunteer is great.
—I think so.Some of us want ________volunteers for the London Olympics.
A．Being；being B．To be；being
C．Being；to be D．To be；to be
【解析】第一个空为动名词作主语；第二个空want to do/be为固定结构，不定式作宾语。句意为“做志愿者很棒。”“我也这样认为，我们中的一些人想做伦敦奥运会的志愿者。”
【答案】C
20．(2011·贵阳)Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams ________true.
A．come
B．came
C．comes
【解析】make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。句意为“许多学生说他们愿意努力工作，使他们的梦想能够实现。”
【答案】A
21．(2010中考变式题)Danny did all kinds of things to make his sister ________.
A．to stop crying B．stop crying
C．to stop to cry D．stop to cry
【解析】make后面跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”，由句意知选B。
【答案】B
22．(2010中考变式题)We have two rooms ________， but I can't decide ________.
A．to live; to choose which one
B．lived; choose which one
C．to live in; which one to choose
D．live; which one
【解析】根据句意“我们有两间屋子去居住，但是我不知道选择哪一间。”第一个句子中live in的in不能省略。“选择哪一间”用“which one to choose”。故选C。
【答案】C
23．(2010中考变式题)—We don't have much homework this weekend.Shall we go out together
—OK.What about ________ a movie
A．to see B．seeing
C．see D．sees
【解析】what about后跟动词的 ing形式，因此答案为B。
【答案】B
24．(2010中考变式题)Why not ________ an English club to practice ________ English
A．to join; to speak B．join; speaking
C．join; to speak D．to join; speaking
【解析】why not ＋动词原形；practice后跟动名词，故答案应选B。
【答案】B
25．(2010中考变式题)—How about going shopping this weekend, Peter
—Sorry.I prefer ________ rather than ________.
A．to stay at home; go out
B．to go out; stay at home
C．staying at home; go out
D．going out; stay at home
【解析】prefer to do rather than do意为“宁愿……而不愿”。句意为“宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去。”故选A。
【答案】A
26．(2010中考变式题)—Where's your brother now, Bob
—I saw him ________ in the street a moment ago and I told him ________.
A．playing; don't do so
B．playing; not to do so
C．play; to do so
【解析】see sb. doing sth.意思是“看到某人在干某事”；tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人干某事”，其否定形式是在to前加not。
【答案】B
27．(2010中考变式题)Nancy is really a hardworking student.We often see her ________ books in the classroom.
A．read 　　
B．to read
C．reads
【解析】see sb.do sth.意为“看见某人做某事”。句意为“南希真的是一个勤奋的学生。我们经常看见她在教室里读书。”
【答案】A
28．(2010中考变式题)—Why did you buy a radio
—________ English.
A．Learn B．Learning
C．To learn D．Be learning
【解析】动词不定式表目的。
【答案】C
29．(2010中考变式题)Doctors tell people ________ their hands often and to stay home if they feel ill.
A．to wash B．washes C．wash D．washing
【解析】考查tell sb.to do sth.的用法。
【答案】A
30．(2010中考变式题)Xiao Li said she would rather ________ join us.
A．did not B．to not C．not D．not to
【解析】考查would rather not do sth.的用法。
【答案】C
31．(2010中考变式题)—Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when ________ for London
—Yes, tomorrow afternoon.
A．leaving B．leaves
C．to leave D．are you leaving
【解析】考查特殊疑问词＋不定式作宾语的用法。
【答案】C
32．(2012中考预测题)—I'm very tired these days because of studying for physics.
—Why not ________ music It can make you ________.
A．listen to; relaxing B．to listen to; to relax
C．listening to; relax D．listen to; relax
【解析】考查why not do sth.和make sb.do sth.结构。
【答案】D
33．(2012中考预测题)I saw John ________ near the river on my way home.
A．plays B．playing
C．to play D．played
【解析】see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事”；see sb.doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。由句意可知选B。
【答案】B
34．(2012中考预测题)Please don't forget ________ the room while I am away in Beijing.
A．clean B．to clean C．cleaned D．cleaning
【解析】考查forget to do sth.结构。
【答案】B
35．(2012中考预测题)The doctor did what he could ________ the dying man.
A．save B．to save C．saved D．saving
【解析】动词不定式表目的。
【答案】B
36．(2012中考预测题)—Would you mind ________ my little sister while I am away
—Of course not.
A．looking for B．looking at
C．looking after D．looking forward to
【解析】考查would you mind doing sth.结构。由句意知look after“照顾”符合题意。
【答案】C
37．(2012中考预测题)—May I listen to the music here, Mr White
—Sorry, you'd better ________ it like that.
A．not to do B．not do
C．don't do D．not do to
【解析】考查had better的否定形式had better not do sth.。
【答案】B
38．(2012中考预测题)I'm hungry now.Let's stop ________.
A．having a meal
B．having a rest
C．to have a meal
D．to have a rest
【解析】考查stop to do sth.结构。再根据句意知选C。
【答案】C
39．(2012中考预测题)—What a heavy rain!
—So it is.I prefer ________ at home ________ on such a rainy day.
A．watch TV; to go out
B．watch TV; go out
C．watching TV; to going out
D．to watch TV; going out
【解析】考查prefer doing sth.to doing sth.结构。
【答案】C
40．(2012中考预测题)He often tells me ________ too much time ________ computer games.
A．to not spend; play B．not to spend; play
C．to not spend; playing D．not to spend; playing
【解析】考查tell sb. not to do sth.和spend time(in) doing sth.结构。
【答案】D
41．(2012中考预测题)I haven't seen my old friends for years.I'm really looking forward ________ them.
A．meet B．met C．to meeting D．to meet
【解析】考查look forward to doing sth.结构。
【答案】C
42．(2012中考预测题)He sat in the armchair, ________ a newspaper.
A．read B．reading C．to read D．reads
【解析】考查现在分词短语作伴随状语。
【答案】B
二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(8分)
1．(2011·烟台)Tim was seen________(get) out of the subway at the station on Centre Street.
【解析】see sb.do sth.“看见某人做某事”，do为不带to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时不定式符号to需补上。
【答案】to get
2．(2011·南京)Look! The teenagers are making cards ________(show)love for their mothers.
【解析】此题考查不定式短语作目的状语。
【答案】to show
3．(2011·兰州)You had better ________(not hurry)．There is still enough time to go.
【解析】had better (not) do sth.“最好(不)做某事”，故填not hurry。
【答案】not hurry
4．(2011·兰州)If you are really tired, you can stop ________(have) a rest for 10 minutes.
【解析】stop to do sth.意为“停下原来的事去做另一件事”。由句意“如果你真的累了，就停下来休息10分钟”知填to have。
【答案】to have
5．(2010中考变式题)—How long does it take you ________(drive)to school every day
—About half an hour.
【解析】it takes sb. some time to do sth.是固定句型，意思是“花费某人多长时间干某事”。
【答案】to drive
6．(2010中考变式题)Last weekend, the Greens had great fun ________(swim)at Water World.
【解析】have fun doing是固定词组，意思是“干某事很高兴”。
【答案】swimming
7．(2012中考预测题)I think it is time for the boys ________(get) on the bus.
【解析】it is time for sb. to do sth. 是固定句型，意思是“该某人干某事了”。
【答案】to get
8．(2012中考预测题)I am going to the party ________(hold) at Smith's home this evening if I am free.
【解析】“将要被举行”用to be held。
【答案】to be held