Unit
2 Onwards
and
upwards
Developing
ideas
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境写出正确的单词
1.
be
regarded
as
a
blessing 被认为是一件幸事
2.
make
him
more
appreciative
of
sight
使他更加感激视力
3.
see
nothing
worthy
of
note
没有看到什么值得注意的东西
4.
through
mere
touch
仅仅通过触摸
5.
kindness
and
gentleness
善良且和蔼
6.
the
outline
of
a
face
脸的轮廓
7.
discover
new
delights
发现新的使人高兴的事
8.
permanent
night
长久的黑夜
9.
a
delightful
trip
一次令人愉快的旅行?
10.
literary
device
文学手法
11.
feel
embarrassed
感到尴尬
Ⅱ.
根据语境选择短语的适当形式填空
close
in
on,
give
one
hint
to,
be
applied
to,
descend
upon,
worthy
of
note,
go
about,
in
particular,
probe
into,
knock
over,
with
relish
1.
I
went
along
thinking
of
nothing
in
particular
only
looking
at
things
around
me.
?
2.
Despite
the
heavy
snow
outside
now,
everybody
in
the
company
is
going
about
their
daily
tasks
as
usual.
?
3.
While
crossing
the
road,
the
old
man
was
knocked
over
by
a
bike
and
badly
injured.
?
4.
We
struggled
forward
and
wanted
the
boat
to
reach
the
shore
before
the
fog
closed
in
on
us.
?
5.
She
folded
up
her
letter,
licking
the
envelope
flap
with
relish.
?
6.
These
techniques
might
be
applied
to
other
organs
or
tissues.
?
7.
He
could
not
probe
into
the
mystery
of
his
speech.
?
8.
Hundreds
of
football
fans
descended
upon
the
city.
?
9.
There
was
nobody
to
give
one
hint
to
him
at
least
a
word
of
advice.
?
10.
He
thinks
it
is
a
phenomenon
worthy
of
note.
?
根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1.
I
have
often
thought
it
would
be
a
blessing
if
each
human
being
were
stricken
blind
and
deaf
for
a
few
days
at
some
time
during
his
early
adult
life(如果每个人在刚成年的某个时候能失明、失聪几天).
?
2.
How
was
it
possible,
I
asked
myself,
to
walk
for
an
hour
through
the
woods
and
see
nothing
worthy
of
note(在森林里漫步一个小时,
竟没有看到什么值得注意的东西)?
?
3.
On
the
first
day,
I
should
want
to
see
the
people
whose
kindness
and
gentleness
and
companionship
have
made
my
life
worth
living(使我的生活变得有价值).
?
4.
Only
when
darkness
had
again
descended
upon
me
should
I
realize
(我才意识到)how
much
I
had
left
unseen.
?
5.
Use
your
eyes
as
if
tomorrow
you
would
be
stricken
blind(就像你明天就要失明一样).
?
阅读研析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
Part
Ⅰ.
Paragraphs
1～3
Helen
Keller’s
thought
of
“three
days
to
see.
”
Most
people
take
everything
for
granted
so
that
they
can
see
nothing
1.
worthy
of
note.
Part
Ⅱ.
Paragraphs
4～7
What
would
Helen
do
in
the
three
days?
Helen
wants
to
see
a
lot,
including
the
people
whose
kindness
and
2.
gentleness
and
3.
companionship
have
made
her
life
worth
living
as
well
as
the
4.
pageant
of
man’s
progress.
The
third
day
she
would
spend
in
the
workaday
world,
5.
amid
the
haunts
of
men
going
about
the
business
of
life.
Part
Ⅲ.
Paragraph
8
Treasure
all
your
senses
especially
your
sight.
Of
all
the
senses,
Helen
thought
that
sight
must
be
the
most
6.
delightful.
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)How
did
Helen
feel
when
her
friend
told
her
she
observed
nothing
after
a
long
walk?
A.
Unbelievable.
B.
Pleased.
C.
Understanding.
D.
Interested.
(2)How
does
the
author
feel
the
world?
A.
Mostly
by
touching.
B.
Just
using
her
feet.
C.
Only
out
of
imagining.
D.
Just
asking
her
friends.
(3)From
the
fourth
paragraph,
what
can
we
infer?
A.
The
author
used
to
read
by
herself.
B.
The
author
would
take
a
long
walk
in
the
woods
in
the
afternoon.
C.
The
author
liked
to
meet
her
friends
first.
D.
The
author
would
not
sleep
tonight.
(4)What’s
the
biggest
regret
the
author
had
in
the
three
days?
A.
The
time
spent
in
the
museums.
B.
The
evening
spent
in
the
theatre.
C.
The
morning
when
she
greeted
the
dawn.
D.
So
much
left
unseen.
(5)What’s
the
best
suggestion
the
author
gave
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.
To
value
what
you
own
at
present.
B.
To
admire
what
others
have.
C.
To
go
after
the
most
delightful
sense.
D.
To
develop
the
ability
of
touching.
答案:
(1)～(5)AACDA
2.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)Recently,
I
asked
a
friend
who
had
just
returned
from
a
long
walk
in
the
woods(who引导的定语从句修饰先行词a
friend)
what
she
had
just
observed(what引导的名词性从句作动词asked的宾语).
?
译文:
最近,
我问一个在森林里散步了很久刚刚回来的朋友她观察到了什么。
(2)And
I
have
imagined
what
I
should
most
like
to
see
(what引导的宾语从句)if
I
were
given
the
use
of
my
eyes,
say
for
just
three
days(if引导的条件状语从句).
?
译文:
并且我想象着如果我有视力,
哪怕只有三天,
我最想看到的是什么。
(3)I
should
like
to
see
the
books
which
have
been
read
to
me,
and
which
have
revealed
to
me
the
deepest
channels
of
human
life
and
the
human
spirit.
(and连接两个并列的定语从句,
修饰先行词the
books。)?
译文:
我想看看那些读给我听的书,
它们向我揭示了人类生活和人类精神的最深刻的通道。
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
(1)What
is
the
hint
Helen
gave
us?
Why
did
Helen
give
us
the
hint?
(Creative
Thinking创造性思维)
Use
your
eyes
as
if
tomorrow
you
would
be
stricken
blind.
Because
in
her
opinion,
we
failed
to
see
so
much
worthy
of
note.
?
(2)If
you
have
three
days
left
to
see,
what
would
you
do
each
day?
(Creative
Thinking创造性思维)
On
the
first
day,
I
should.
.
.
On
my
second
day,
I
should
like
to.
.
.
On
the
last
day.
.
.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
upset
adj.
心烦意乱的,
烦恼的
v.
使心烦;
弄翻,
打翻;
打乱,
搅乱(计划等)
Why
are
you
so
upset?
你为何如此心烦意乱?
He
was
upset
about
not
being
invited
to
the
party.
没有被邀请去参加聚会,
他很难过。
She
was
upset
that
her
friend
had
left
without
leaving
a
word.
她朋友的不辞而别让她感到难过。
It
upsets
me
that
unlucky
things
have
followed
one
after
another.
让我心烦的是,
不幸的事接二连三地发生。
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I
do
know
how
upset
the
shop
staff
can
get,
but
I
try
to
persuade
them
to
keep
smiling.
我知道店员会有多沮丧,
但我努力说服他们保持微笑。
(1)be
upset
about/over/at
sth.
为某事烦心
be
upset+that.
.
.
让人不高兴的是……
(2)upset
oneself
about
sth.
使某人为某事烦恼
It
upsets
sb.
to
do
sth.
做某事使某人不快
It
upsets
sb.
that.
.
.
让某人心烦的是……
upset
a
plan
打乱计划
(3)upsetting
adj.
令人不快(或忧虑、苦恼)的
upset用法小结
(1)upset作为形容词时,
只作表语,
不作定语。(2)作动词时upset的过去式与过去分词形式都为upset,
现在分词形式为upsetting。
(1)语法填空。
①Anne’s
sister
Margot
was
very
upset
that
the
family
had
to
move.
②My
parents
were
in
a
huge
argument,
and
I
was
really
upset
about/over/at
it.
?
③She
stood
up
suddenly,
upsetting
(upset)
a
glass
of
wine.
?
④It
upsets
me
to
think
(think)of
her
all
alone
in
that
big
house.
?
(2)让我们感到心烦的是,
他总是撒谎。
→It
upsets
us
that
he
is
always
telling
lies.
(upset
v.
)?
→We
are
upset
that
he
is
always
telling
lies.
(upset
adj.
)?
【巧学助记】
Jim
is
doing
his
homework.
The
flies’
flying
around
him
without
a
stop
upsets
him.
He
is
so
upset
and
annoyed
that
he
upsets
the
cup
of
water
at
the
corner
of
the
desk.
吉姆在做作业。苍蝇不停地在他周围飞来飞去,
这让他心烦意乱。他烦躁极了,
以致打翻了放在桌角的水杯。
2.
elect
v.
选举,
推选
You
ran
for
Head
of
the
Student
Committee
but
weren’t
elected.
你竞选学生委员会主席,
但没有当选。
Much
to
my
delight,
I
was
elected
as
chairman
of
the
literature
club.
我很高兴被选为文学俱乐部主席。
Elect
whom
you
please
to
be
your
captain
now;
I’m
done
with
it.
你们爱选谁当船长就选谁吧,
我是受够了。
She
elected
to
return
to
work
after
her
baby
was
born.
她决定孩子出生后再去工作。
在“elect
sb.
(as)+职务”结构中,
president,
monitor,
chairman,
mayor,
captain等表示独一无二的职位的名词前不加任何冠词。
(1)语法填空。
①I’ll
never
forget
being
elected
to
the
student
council.
②He
elected
to
take(take)
early
retirement
instead
of
moving
to
the
new
location.
?
③If
I
am
lucky
enough
to
win
the
election(elect),
the
first
thing
I
will
do
is
to
enrich
our
students’
after-class
activities.
(2)
I
have
such
a
good
command
of
English
that
I
am
elected
as/to
be
the
assistant
to
my
English
teacher.
?
我精通英语以至于被选为英语老师的助手。
3.
worthy
adj.
值得尊敬的,
值得赞赏的
How
was
it
possible,
I
asked
myself,
to
walk
for
an
hour
through
the
woods
and
see
nothing
worthy
of
note?
我问自己,
在森林里走了一个小时,
怎么可能没有看到什么值得注意的东西呢?
By
the
plaudits
he
received,
it
was
doubtlessly
worthy
of
his
fame.
从他所得到的赞誉来看,
它肯定是同他的声誉相符的。
There
is
another
point
worthy
to
be
discussed.
还有一点值得加以讨论。
(1)语法填空。
①This
article
is
well
worth
reading(read),
but
it
is
not
worthy
of
being
translated
(translate).
②It
is
worthwhile
to
discuss/discussing
(discuss)
the
plan
again.
?
(2)他在会议上提出的建议是值得考虑的。
→His
suggestion
put
forward
at
the
conference
is
worth
consideration/
considering.
(worth)
?
→His
suggestion
put
forward
at
the
conference
is
worthy
of
consideration/of
being
considered/to
be
considered.
(worthy)?
→It
is
worthwhile
considering/to
consider
his
suggestion
put
forward
at
the
conference.
(worthwhile)?
4.
relish
n.
享受;
乐趣
Smell
the
perfume
of
flowers,
taste
with
relish
each
morsel,
as
if
tomorrow
you
could
never
smell
and
taste
again.
闻一闻花香,
津津有味地品尝每一口食物,
就好像明天你会再次失去嗅觉和味觉一样。
To
tell
the
truth,
I
have
no
relish
for
pop
music.
说实话,
我对流行音乐不感兴趣。
She
won’t
relish
having
to
get
up
before
dawn
to
catch
that
train.
黎明前就起床赶那班火车,
她是不会喜欢的。
(1)with
relish 津津有味地
have
no
relish
for
不喜欢;
对……不感兴趣
(2)relish
vt.
享受,
从……获得乐趣,
渴望,
喜欢
relish
doing
sth.
喜欢做某事
(1)语法填空。
①He
won’t
relish
having(have)
to
walk
all
that
distance.
②They
did
not
seem
to
relish(relish)
the
prospect
of
staying
after
school.
?
(2)I
have
no
relish
for
witnessing
cruelty.
?
我对看残忍的场面不感兴趣。
(3)I,
indeed,
talked
comparatively
little,
but
I
heard
him
talk
with
relish.
?
我实际上谈得相对较少,
可是我兴致勃勃地听他谈。
5.
embarrassed
adj.
难堪的;
尴尬的
When
the
foreigners
spoke
to
me
in
English,
I
felt
embarrassed
because
of
my
poor
English.
当外国人用英语和我说话时,
我感到很尴尬,
因为我的英语很差。
It
was
so
embarrassing
having
to
sing
in
public.
非得在众人面前唱歌太令人难为情了。
The
facts
could
cause
embarrassment
if
they
ever
became
public.
如果公开的话,
这些事实可能会引起尴尬。
(1)be/feel
embarrassed
about/at因……感到尴尬
be
embarrassed
to
do
sth.
尴尬地做某事
(2)embarrass
vt.
使尴尬,
使窘迫
embarrassing
adj.
使人尴尬的;
令人为难的
embarrassment
n.
窘迫,
难堪;
使人为难的人或事物
in/with
embarrassment
尴尬地
to
one’s
embarrassment
使某人尴尬的是
(1)语法填空。
①I
was
embarrassed
about/at
forgetting
his
birthday.
②Ken
gave
me
an
embarrassed
(embarrass)
smile
when
I
asked
where
he’d
been.
③He
was
embarrassed
to
admit
(admit)
making
a
mistake.
?
(2)To
her
embarrassment,
she
couldn’t
remember
his
name.
?
令她尴尬的是,
她想不起来他的名字了。
6.
Only
when
darkness
had
again
descended
upon
me
should
I
realize
how
much
I
had
left
unseen.
?
只有当黑暗再次降临到我身上时,
我才意识到我还有多少东西没看到。
【句式解构】
Only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)时,
后面的句子或主句要用部分倒装。其结构为“only+状语+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+其他”。
Only
then
did
he
realize
the
importance
of
his
family.
只有在那时他才意识到家人的重要性。
Only
after
the
anesthetist
gave
the
patient
an
anesthetic
could
the
operation
be
conducted.
只有在麻醉师给病人施行麻醉以后,
手术才能进行。
Only
by
talking
face
to
face
can
we
have
the
chance
to
persuade
him
to
change
the
mind.
只有通过面对面交流我们才能有机会说服他改变主意。
常用的部分倒装句型
部分倒装是指将谓语动词的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。常考的几个运用部分倒装的句型:
(1)no
sooner.
.
.
than.
.
.
,
hardly/scarcely.
.
.
when.
.
.
一……
就……;
Hardly
had
he
got
on
the
bus
when
he
heard
a
shout.
=He
had
hardly
got
on
the
bus
when
he
heard
a
shout.
他刚上公共汽车就听到一声喊叫。
(2)not
only.
.
.
but
also.
.
.
不但……而且……;
Not
only
did
he
buy
a
bike
for
me
but
he
also
sent
it
to
my
house.
=
He
not
only
bought
a
bike
for
me
but
he
also
sent
it
to
my
house.
他不仅给我买了一辆自行车,
还把它送到了我家。
(3)so.
.
.
that/such.
.
.
that句型中so,
such
位于句首时,
句子要部分倒装。
So
fast
does
light
travel
that
it
is
difficult
for
us
to
imagine
its
speed.
=Light
travels
so
fast
that
it
is
difficult
for
us
to
imagine
its
speed.
光传播如此之快,
我们很难想象它的速度。
(4)省略了if
的虚拟条件从句中,
主谓形成了部分倒装(虚拟语气的条件句中,
省略
if
后,
had,
were,
should等应提前)
Had
you
told
me
earlier,
I
could
have
done
something.
=If
you
had
told
me
earlier,
I
could
have
done
something.
如果你早一点告诉我,
我是可以做点什么的。
(1)Only
when
Lily
walked
into
the
office
did
she
realize
(她意识到)
that
she
had
left
the
contract
at
home.
?
(2)Only
then
did
she
tell(直到那时她才告诉)
him
about
the
accident.
?
(3)改写句子。(倒装句)
①He
laughed
so
madly
that
everybody
in
the
hall
turned
around
to
look
at
him.
=So
madly
did
he
laugh
that
everybody
in
the
hall
turned
around
to
look
at
him.
?
②If
I
were
you,
I
would
try
it
again.
=Were
I
you,
I
would
try
it
again.
?
7.
Use
your
eyes
as
if
tomorrow
you
would
be
stricken
blind.
?
就像明天你会失明一样去用你的眼睛。
【句式解构】
句中as
if引导的方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气。
She
treats
him
as
if
he
were
a
stranger.
她待他如陌生人。
He
talked
about
Rome
as
if
he
had
been
there
himself.
他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。
(1)as
if,
as
though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气,
与现在事实相反用一般过去时;
与过去事实相反用过去完成时;
表示将来的可能性不大,
用would
/might/could+动词原形。
It
looks
as
if
she
had
just
come
back
from
outer
space.
她看起来仿佛刚从外太空回来似的。
但如果从句中所陈述的情况与事实相符或很可能实现,
也可用陈述语气。
He
was
looking
up
and
down
the
road
as
if
he
was
expecting
someone.
他向路上张望着,
好像在等什么人。
(2)as
if
后还常跟动词不定式短语、介词短语。
The
boy
spread
out
his
arms
as
if
to
hold
the
whole
world.
男孩张开双臂,
似乎要拥抱整个世界。
His
face
wore
an
absent
expression,
as
if
in
deep
thought.
他面上全无表情,
好像在沉思。
(1)语法填空。
①She
behaves
as
if
she
were
(be)
a
child.
②It
was
John
who
broke
the
window.
Why
are
you
talking
to
me
as
if
I
had
done
(do)
it?
?
③Tom
raised
his
right
hand
as
if
to
say
(say)
something.
?
(2)
I
still
remember
my
first
trip
to
the
Taishan
Mountain
as
if
it
were
yesterday.
?
我依然记得第一次去泰山旅游的事情,
就像是在昨天一样。
(3)I
was
so
happy
that
I
felt
as
if
I
could
fly.
?
我高兴极了,
我觉得我好像能飞起来。
【要点拾遗】
1.
enthusiastic
adj.
热心的,
热衷的
We
could
offer
awards
to
the
winning
team
and
the
most
enthusiastic
players.
我们可以给获胜队伍和最热衷的运动员发奖。
Jack,
my
close
friend,
is
enthusiastic
about
traveling.
我的朋友杰克热衷于旅行。
Successful
people
do
things
with
great
enthusiasm,
especially
when
they
believe
in
what
they
are
doing.
成功的人做事很有热情,
尤其是当他们对自己所做的事有信念的时候。
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I
was
always
an
enthusiastic
reader,
sometimes
reading
up
to
three
books
a
day
as
a
child.
我一直是个热心的读者,
小时候有时一天读三本书。
(1)be
enthusiastic
about 对……热心,
热衷于
(2)enthusiastically
adv.
热情地
enthusiast
n.
热衷者
enthusiasm
n.
热情,
热忱
with
(great)
enthusiasm
(非常)热情地
(1)语法填空。
①Today,
I
am
just
as
enthusiastic
about
my
job
as
the
day
I
first
started.
②The
whole
playground
was
excited
with
the
audience
cheering
enthusiastically
(enthusiastic)
for
the
athletes.
(2)We
shouldn’t
feel
discouraged
right
after
failures.
Rather,
we
should
keep
trying
with
enthusiasm(热情地).
?
2.
intoxicate
v.
使兴奋,
使陶醉
In
the
afternoon
I
should
take
a
long
walk
in
the
woods
and
intoxicate
my
eyes
on
the
beauties
of
the
world
of
nature.
下午我应该在森林里散步,
让我的眼睛陶醉在大自然的美景中。
It
is
not
wine
that
intoxicates
people,
they
intoxicate
themselves.
酒不醉人人自醉。
He
rapidly
became
intoxicated
with
his
own
power.
他很快就沉醉于自己的权力之中。
On
summer
evenings
the
flowers
gave
off
an
almost
intoxicating
scent.
夏夜,
花朵发出几乎醉人的芳香。
(1)intoxicated
adj.
喝醉的;
极度兴奋的
intoxicating
adj.
醉人的;
令人陶醉的
intoxicate
oneself
(with)
陶醉(于……)
be/grow
intoxicated
with
陶醉于……;
沉醉于……
(2)intoxication
n.
中毒;
陶醉;
喝醉
-ed还是-ing
(1)-ed
形容词通常直接用于说明人,
若修饰事物,
则多为
air(神态),
appearance(外貌),
cry(哭声),
face(表情),
voice(声音),
mood(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。
(2)以后缀
-ing
结尾的形容词(如delighting,
exciting,
frightening,
interesting,
moving,
surprising,
worrying等)主要用于说明事物,
表示事物的性质或特征,
若用它们说明人,
则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
(1)语法填空。
①It’s
summer
now
and
the
yard
is
full
of
red
roses
with
a
rich
fragrance.
It’s
intoxicating(intoxicate).
②My
cousins
seem
to
have
become
intoxicated
(intoxicate)
by
their
success.
?
③When
Della
reached
home,
her
intoxication
(intoxicate)
gave
away
to
reason.
(2)Intoxicated
by
his
success,
we
feel
that
we
must
burst
the
door
open.
?
为他的成功而欣喜若狂,
我们觉得必须把门打开。
3.
probe
v.
调查,
探究
I
should
try
to
probe
into
the
soul
of
man
through
his
art.
我应该尽力通过艺术来探索人类的灵魂。
I
don’t
want
to
probe
too
deeply
into
your
personal
affairs.
我不想过分打探你的私事。
The
teacher
told
us
that
some
of
us
will
be
appointed
on
probation.
老师告诉我们我们一些人将被安排见习。
I’m
afraid
I
have
no
choice
but
to
put
you
on
probation.
我恐怕没有别的选择,
只能让你留任察看。
probe
into 探究
probing
adj.
追根究底的;
仔细观察的
probation
n.
试用;
缓刑;
查验
on
probation
见习
put
sb.
on
probation
让某人留任察看
语法填空。
(1)She
tried
to
probe
(probe)my
mind
and
discovered
what
I
was
thinking.
?
(2)He
didn’t
like
the
media
probing
(probe)into
his
past.
(3)The
police
are
working
on
probing
into
suspected
drug
dealing
in
Florida.
4.
descend
v.
降临,
来临
Only
when
darkness
had
again
descended
upon
me
should
I
realize
how
much
I
had
left
unseen.
只有当黑暗再次降临到我身上时,
我才意识到我还有多少东西没看到。
She
claims
to
be
descended
from
Abraham
Lincoln.
她声称自己是亚伯拉罕·林肯的后代。
Surely
he
wouldn’t
descend
to
such
a
mean
trick?
想必他不会无耻到使用这种卑劣的诡计吧?
(1)descend
on/upon 突然来临;
降临
be
descended
from
是……的后裔
descend
to(doing)sth.
降低身份去做;
竟做出;
堕落到……地步
(2)descent
n.
下降;
血统;
斜坡
descending
adj.
下降的;
下行的
descendant
n.
后裔;
子孙
(1)语法填空。
①I’m
surprised
that
he
should
descend
to
cheating.
②A
sense
of
complete
helplessness
had
descended
upon/on
him.
(2)A
terrible
silence
descended
upon
the
whole
hall.
?
一阵可怕的寂静突然笼罩着整个厅堂。
5.
close
in
on
包围,
逼近,
逐渐接近
At
midnight
permanent
night
would
close
in
on
me
again.
在午夜,
永恒的黑夜将再次包围我。
Before
the
thieves
can
flee,
the
police
close
in
on
them.
警察包围了他们,
小偷无处可逃。
He
sat
up
and
felt
the
dark
walls
of
Santa
Caterina
close
in
on
him.
他坐起来,
感到圣卡塔林纳的黑黢黢的墙壁将他团团围住了。
(1)close
in (夜色)渐浓;
迫近;
(白昼)渐短
close
down
关闭;
停止播音
(2)close
friends
亲密的朋友
get
close
to
靠近,
接近
(1)语法填空。
①Do
not
touch,
get
close
to,
feed
or
pick
up
wild
animals.
②It
is
said
that
Paramount
closed
down
its
London
office
in
1968.
③The
sun
had
set
and
dusk
was
closing
in.
?
(2)
Faced
with
enemy
soldiers
closing
in
on
them
from
all
sides,
they
weren’t
frightened
at
all.
?
面对从四面八方包围过来的敌军,
他们一点也不害怕。
6.
be
applied
to应用于;
适用于;
专心于
And
the
same
method
can
be
applied
to
the
other
senses.
同样的方法也适用于其他感官。
The
new
technology
was
applied
to
farming.
新科技被应用到农业上。
He
did
not
feel
obliged
to
conform
to
the
rules
that
applied
to
ordinary
men.
他觉得自己不必遵守那些适用于普通人的规定。
(1)apply.
.
.
to.
.
.
把……应用于……;
将……涂/贴在……上
apply
to
适用于……
apply
(to
sb.
)for
(向某人)
申请……
apply
oneself/one’s
mind
to
专心于……
(2)applied
adj.
应用的,
实用的
application
n.
应用,
适用;
申请(书)
applicant
n.
申请人,
应征者
(1)语法填空。
①Finally
he
hit
upon
a
good
idea
which
could
be
applied
to
such
a
case.
②Now
that
you
have
a
good
command
of
English,
you
can
apply
for
the
job.
?
③The
questions
on
this
part
of
the
form
only
apply
to
married
men.
?
④Over
the
next
months,
he
applied
himself
to
improving
(improve)
the
technique.
?
(2)What
is
the
most
important
is
that
we
should
apply
theory
to
practice.
?
最重要的是我们应该把理论应用到实践中去。
读写结合·表达升级
描写经历
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
you’ll
find
it
is
about
an
experience.
2.
The
passage
is
about
dining
in
the
dark.
It
consists
of
four
parts,
that
is,
the
general
introduction
of
the
experience,
the
difficulty
and
reqqason,
how
the
author
overcame
the
difficulty
and
the
author’s
feeling.
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
特色表达?
Dining
in
the
Dark
What
kind
of
experience
the
author
had(总体介绍经历)
Recently
I
dined
at
a
“dark
restaurant”,
where
people
eat
in
complete
①darkness,
served
by
②blind
staff.
What
was
the
most
difficult
thing
and
why(困难和原因)
Because
we
couldn’t
see
where
anything
was,
my
friend
and
I
③knocked
over
glasses
and
④dropped
food.
⑤Pouring
water
was
very
difficult,
plus
I
kept
drinking
from
my
friend’s
glass.
How
the
author
overcame
the
difficulty(如何克服困难)
After
failing
to
pick
up
any
food
with
a
⑥fork
for
five
minutes,
I
decided
to
use
my
⑦hands.
I
reached
down,
expecting
rice
and
vegetables,
but
instead
stuck
my
hand
into
a
bowl
of
warm,
thick
soup.
Even
using
a
⑧spoon,
most
of
the
soup
ended
up
on
my
shirt.
What
the
author
has
learned
I
was
much
more
aware
of
the
⑨challenges
that
⑩blind
people
face.
你校英文报正在举办主题为“A
Moving
Experience”的征文活动,
你有意参加。请你用英语写一篇短文,
讲述一次让你感动的经历,
并谈谈你的感悟。
完成句子。
1.
上星期天,
我在饭店吃饭时注意到我们旁边的桌子上有一个盛满饺子的碗。
Last
Sunday,
while
I
was
eating
in
a
restaurant,
I
noticed
a
bowl
full
of
dumplings
on
the
table
next
to
ours.
?
2.
他看上去害羞。
He
looked
shy.
?
3.
他坐下开始吃了起来。
He
sat
down
and
started
eating.
?
4.
吃完饺子后,
他走到柜台上的捐款箱前,
在里面放了100元钱就离开了。
After
finishing
the
dumplings,
he
went
up
to
the
donation
box
on
the
counter,
put
one
hundred
yuan
in
it
and
left.
?
5.
这让我们感到震惊和羞愧。
It
left
us
all
shocked
and
ashamed.
?
6.
我们不应该只从外表来判断一个人。
We
shouldn’t
judge
a
person
just
from
his
or
her
appearance.
?
7.
有爱心的人是世界上最富有的人。
A
person
with
a
loving
heart
is
the
richest
in
the
world.
?
句式升级
8.
用省略句改写句1
Last
Sunday,
while
eating
in
a
restaurant,
I
noticed
a
bowl
full
of
dumplings
on
the
table
next
to
ours.
?
9.
用现在分词短语作状语合并句2和句3
Looking
shy,
he
sat
down
and
started
eating.
?
10.
用非限制性定语从句合并句4和句5
After
finishing
the
dumplings,
he
went
up
to
the
donation
box
on
the
counter,
put
one
hundred
yuan
in
it
and
left,
which
left
us
all
shocked
and
ashamed.
?
Last
Sunday,
while
eating
in
a
restaurant,
I
noticed
a
bowl
full
of
dumplings
on
the
table
next
to
ours.
They
must
have
been
left
by
someone.
Just
then,
an
old
man
entered.
Judging
from
his
clothes,
I
believed
he
was
poor.
He
saw
the
dumplings
left
on
the
table.
Looking
shy,
he
sat
down
and
started
eating.
The
others
around
looked
at
him,
puzzled,
and
some
even
laughed.
However,
after
finishing
the
dumplings,
he
went
up
to
the
donation
box
on
the
counter,
put
one
hundred
yuan
in
it
and
left,
which
left
us
all
shocked
and
ashamed.
We
shouldn’t
judge
a
person
just
from
his
or
her
appearance.
A
person
with
a
loving
heart
is
the
richest
in
the
world.
【话题拓展】
1.
话题特点
描述一次经历属于记叙文范畴,
主要讲述给自己留下深刻印象的一次有趣、悲伤或有意义的经历。记叙文的写作要注意交代清楚六大要素:
时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。描述一次经历一般要注意以下几点:
(1)正确的人称:
经历是记录生活中的点滴,
是记录自己最有意义的事情,
故应用第一人称。(2)正确的时态:
经历多是发生在过去的事情,
因此多用过去时态。但是如果谈论个人感悟或说明客观事实、普遍真理时,
可用现在时态。
2.
话题词汇
(1)
recall
vt.
回想起
(2)
remind
vt.
使想起
(3)
depressed
adj.
沮丧的
(4)
gradually
adv.
逐渐地
(5)
regain
vt.
重新获得
(6)
upon
arrival一到达
(7)
lose
interest
in失去兴趣
(8)
turn
down拒绝
(9)
make
a
difference有影响,
有关系
(10)
benefit
from受益于
3.
话题句式
(1)描述活动发生背景的常用表达:
①The
story
goes
like
that.
.
.
故事是这样的……
②.
.
.
is
memorable
because
I
had
a
meaningful
experience
on
that
day,
……是值得纪念的,
因为我在那一天的经历很有意义。
③Upon
arrival,
we
began
to…抵达后,
我们开始……
(2)描述感想收获的常用表达
①Tired
as
we
were,
we
still
felt
quite
happy.
虽然我们很累,
但我们仍然感到很高兴。
②This
is
really
an
unforgettable
experience.
这真是一次令人难忘的经历。
③I
learn
from
the
experience
that.
.
.
我从这次经历中学到……
④We
feel
it
is
our
duty
to
do.
.
我们认为……是我们的责任。
⑤Seeing.
.
.
,
we
all
had
a
sense
of
achievement.
看到……,
我们都有一种成就感。
PAGEUnit
2 Onwards
and
upwards
Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境写出正确的单词
1.
get
into
debt 负债
2.
the
pace
of
change
变化的速度
3.
inform
them
in
writing
以书面形式通知他们
4.
dread
being
sick
惧怕生病?
5.
rarely
meet
them
很少见到他们
6.
rejection
letter
拒绝信
7.
the
willingness
to
persevere
锲而不舍的意志
8.
face
criticism
面对批评
9.
classics
of
world
literature
世界文学的经典作品?
10.
guarantee
success
确保成功
11.
be
delighted
to
hear
from
you
收到你的来信很高兴
12.
eventual
outcome
最终结果
Ⅱ.
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的短语
1.
I
lost
all
my
files
today
because
something
went
wrong
(出毛病).
?
2.
Over
the
past
twenty
years
or
so,
great
changes
have
taken
place
in
our
life.
Take
my
family
for
example
(以……为例).
?
3.
What
do
Tom
Sawyer
and
Jumping
Frogs
have
in
common
(有共同点)?
?
4.
He
said
a
few
brief
words,
something
along
the
lines
of
(类似)“Thank
you
for
inviting
me
here.
”?
5.
I
am
afraid
your
request
for
a
pay
rise
was
turned
down
(拒绝)
again.
?
6.
Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
is
regarded
as
(被看作)one
of
the
best
all-round
forms
of
exercise.
?
7.
While
a
lot
of
hard
work
and
a
touch
of
luck
play
a
part(起作用),
perseverance
is
the
key.
?
8.
I
think
you
need
to
make
a
decision,
stick
to(坚持)
it
and
don’t
be
afraid
of
difficulties.
?
9.
People
all
too
often(时常)
wait
for
success
to
happen
to
them.
?
10.
You
can
also
make
a
difference
if
you
have
a
strong
will
and
never
give
up(放弃).
?
Ⅲ.
根据课文及汉意提示补全句子
1.
When
he
might
have
won
had
he
stuck
it
out(如果他坚持下去).
?
2.
The
response
from
a
publisher
comes
back
and
the
writer
eagerly
opens
and
reads
it,
their
hearts
sinking
(他们的心沉了下来)when
they
reach
that
final
sentence.
?
3.
You
may
have
spent
(可能花了)years
giving
up
your
weekends
and
free
time
to
write
your
life’s
work,
yet
still
this
is
often
not
enough.
?
4.
I
wasn’t
going
to
give
up
until
(没打算放弃直到)every
single
publisher
turned
me
down,
but
I
often
feared
that
would
happen.
?
5.
After
a
total
of
twelve
rejections,
one
publisher
eventually
agreed
to
print
500
copies
of
her
first
book,
and
as
we
know,
Harry
Potter
became
a
global
success,
with
over
400
million
books
sold
and
translated
into
more
than
seventy
different
languages(售出了4亿多本,
并被翻译成70多种不同的语言).
?
6.
J.
D.
Salinger
started
writing
short
stories
in
high
school,
but
later
struggled
to
get
his
works
published(发表他的作品).
?
7.
Even
when
serving
in
the
US
Army
(在美国军队服役时)during
the
Second
World
War,
he
carried
six
chapters
of
The
Catcher
in
the
Rye
with
him
and
worked
on
the
novel
throughout
his
war
service.
?
8.
In
fact,
it
is
within
the
pages
of
Jane
Eyre
that
(正是在《简·爱》中)we
can
find
these
words:
“I
honour
endurance,
perseverance,
industry,
talent;
because
these
are
the
means
by
which
men
achieve
great
ends.
.
.
?
9.
So,
it
seems
that
(似乎)talent
alone
isn’t
enough
to
guarantee
success.
?
10.
Keep
trying
and
eventually
you
will
read
the
words
(不断尝试,
最终你会读到这些话)“We
are
delighted
to
inform
you.
.
.
”?
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1.
-ly常用于形容词之后构成副词。
rare
adj.
rarely
adv.
很少,
难得
total
adj.
totally
adv.
全部地?
quiet
adj.
quietly
n.
安静地
2.
动词之后加-(t)ion可转化为名词
reject
v.
rejection
n.
拒绝,
否决
connect
v.
connection
n.
连接
construct
v.
construction
n.
建设
阅读研析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)What’s
the
author’s
intention
by
writing
the
last
sentence
in
the
first
paragraph?
A.
To
advise
us
to
be
patient.
B.
To
allow
the
writer’s
attitude
towards
success.
C.
To
introduce
the
following
content.
D.
To
show
the
key
to
success.
(2)What
can
we
conclude
about
J.
K.
Rowling
from
the
second
paragraph?
A.
She
knew
many
famous
writers
had
previously
faced
rejections.
B.
She
got
frustrated
by
the
first
rejection
letter
and
gave
up.
C.
Her
first
book
of
Harry
Potter
published
at
her
first
attempt.
D.
She
revised
her
first
book
following
the
advice
of
publishers.
(3)What
is
special
about
J.
D.
Salinger
from
other
writers
mentioned
in
this
passage?
A.
He
had
faced
many
rejections
before
his
novel
was
published.
B.
He
once
wanted
to
give
up
trying
but
later
changed
his
mind.
C.
He
worked
on
his
novel
when
serving
in
the
army.
D.
His
novel
was
not
popular
when
it
was
first
published.
(4)Which
of
the
following
can
best
describe
the
three
Bronte
sisters?
A.
Intelligent
and
considerate.
B.
Talented
and
strong-minded.
C.
Gentle
and
generous.
D.
Wise
and
ambitious.
(5)What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage?
A.
Luck
is
everything.
B.
Every
coin
has
two
sides.
C.
Where
there
is
a
will
there
is
a
way.
D.
Adjust
your
life
goals
in
time
when
in
trouble.
答案:
(1)～(5)CACBC
2.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)Everyone
knows
that
success
rarely
happens
overnight(宾语从句),
but
perhaps
not
many
know
that
a
lot
of
highly
successful
writers
have
previously
faced
rejection(宾语从句).
?
译文:
每个人都知道成功很少是在一夜之间发生的,
但也许没有多少人知道,
很多非常成功的作家都曾遭到过拒绝。
(2)When
she
received
her
first
rejection
letter(时间状语从句),
she(主语)
decided(谓语)
that
it
meant
she
now
had
something
in
common
with
her
favourite
writers(宾语从句),
and
stuck(谓语)
it(宾语)
on
her
kitchen
wall(地点状语).
?
译文:
当她收到第一封拒绝信时,
她觉得这意味着现在她和她最喜欢的作家有了共同点,
于是她把信贴在了厨房的墙上。
Reread
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
What
does
every
writer
most
(1)dread
reading
among
the
comments
from
publishers?
Yes,
it’s
“We
regret
to
(2)inform
you.
.
.
”,
which
will
make
the
writers’
heart
sink.
In
fact,
a
lot
of
successful
writers
have
previously
faced
(3)rejection.
J.
K.
Rowling,
after
a
total
of
twelve
rejections,
eventually
got
her
first
book
of
Harry
Potter
(4)published,
which
became
a
global
success.
Another
famous
writer
J.
D.
Salinger
(5)
persevered
in
working
on
his
novel
The
Catcher
in
the
Rye
despite
the
(6)criticism
along
with
rejections
from
several
publishers
and
when
it
was
eventually
published,
it
became
an
immediate
(7)best-seller.
?
The
three
Bronte
sisters
lived
in
the
Victorian
Age.
Although
they
dreamt
of
seeing
their
words
in
print,
they
experienced
many
rejections.
However,
they
persevered
and
now,
Charlotte’s
Jane
Eyre,
Emily’s
Wuthering
Heights
and
Anne’s
Agnes
Grey
are
regarded
as
(8)classics
of
world
literature.
From
the
stories
above,
we
can
learn
that
it’s
perseverance
that
made
them
realize
their
dreams.
Therefore,
keep
trying
and
you’ll
eventually
read
the
words
“We
are
(9)delighted
to
inform
you.
.
.
”.
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
1.
If
you
meet
with
difficulty
in
learning,
what
will
you
do?
(Creative
Thinking创造性思维)
Success
rarely
happens
overnight.
I
will
honour
endurance,
perseverance,
industry,
talent,
because
these
are
the
means
by
which
men
achieve
great
ends.
?
2.
What
do
you
think
of
the
famous
authors
in
the
passage?
(Critical
Thinking批判性思维)
They
are
respectable
because
all
of
them
stuck
to
their
dream
and
gained
remarkable
achievements.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
regret
to
do
sth.
很遗憾要做某事
We
regret
to
inform
you.
.
.
我们很遗憾地通知您……
I
regret
to
say
that
you
have
failed
your
exam.
我很遗憾地告诉你,
你考试不及格。
Li
also
does
not
regret
having
turned
down
offers
in
the
$1.
5
billion
to
$2
billion
range
from
Google,
Yahoo
and
Microsoft.
李同样也不会遗憾之前拒绝了谷歌、雅虎和微软的15亿到20亿的收购意向。?
Bees
fly
in
circles
to
inform
their
partners
about
food
or
danger.
蜜蜂绕着圈飞以告知同伴食物的位置或警告它们有危险。
I
regret
that
I
did
not
take
your
advice.
我后悔没有听你的劝告。
He
told
me
with
regret
that
he
could
not
come
to
the
party.
他遗憾地对我说他不能来参加这个聚会了。
(2)with
great
regret
非常遗憾
to
one’s
regret
令某人抱歉/遗憾的是
【巧学助记】
I
regretted
to
tell
her
that
she
had
been
dismissed.
Much
to
my
regret,
she
said
to
me,
“I
have
no
regret.
I
only
regret
having
taken
the
wrong
job.
”
我很遗憾地告诉她她被解雇了,
让我深感遗憾的是,
她对我说:
“我没有任何遗憾,
我只是后悔选错了工作。”
(1)语法填空。
①I
don’t
regret
telling/having
told
(tell)
her
what
I
thought.
?
②I
regret
to
tell
(tell)
you
that
you
have
failed
again
in
the
examination.
?
③We
informed
her
with
regret
of
our
decision.
(2)
We
regret
that
we
are
unable
to
reconsider
your
case.
?
我们很遗憾无法重新考虑你的情况。
2.
inform
v.
通知,
告知
(2020·天津高考)Once
the
book
you’ve
requested
is
delivered
to
the
nearest
branch,
they
will
inform
you
by
e-mail,
so
you
can
pick
it
up.
一旦你要的书送到最近的分馆,
他们会通过电子邮件通知你,
你就可以去取了。
We
would
like
to
inform
all
passengers
that
the
restaurant
car
is
now
open.
我们想通知所有乘客,
餐车现在开始营业。
The
famous
company
that
I
interviewed
with
last
week
phoned
me
today
and
informed
me
to
be
on
duty
next
Monday.
上个星期我参加面试的那个知名公司今天来电话了,
通知我下周一正式上班。
They
would
inform
me
of/about
any
progress
they
had
made.
他们会把他们取得的任何进展都告诉我。
(1)inform
sb.
of/about
sth.
告诉某人某事;
通知某人某事
inform
sb.
that/when/how.
.
.
通知某人……
inform
sb.
to
do
sth.
通知某人做某事
keep
sb.
informed
(of)
使某人随时了解(……)
(2)information
n.
[U]通知;
消息;
情报;
信息
(1)语法填空。
①The
newspapers
keep
us
informed
(inform)
of
what
is
going
on
around
us
at
any
time.
②I’d
appreciate
it
if
you
can
inform
me
of/about
what
will
happen
in
our
company
while
I’m
away.
?
③Our
information
(inform)
is
that
the
police
will
shortly
make
an
arrest.
(2)As
the
meeting
would
last
one
hour,
the
host
informed
me
to
limit
my
speech
to
half
an
hour.
?
因为会议将持续一个小时,
所以主持人让我把发言限制在半小时之内。
3.
rarely
adv.
很少,
难得
Everyone
knows
that
success
rarely
happens
overnight,
but
perhaps
not
many
know
that
a
lot
of
highly
successful
writers
have
previously
faced
rejection.
每个人都知道成功很少是在一夜之间发生的,
但也许没有多少人知道很多非常成功的作家都曾遭到过拒绝。
In
ancient
times,
people
rarely
traveled
long
distances
and
most
farmers
only
traveled
as
far
as
the
local
market.
古时候,
人们很少出远门,
大多数农民去的最远的地方是当地集市。
Because
of
human
activities,
the
number
of
some
rare
animals
is
on
the
decrease.
由于人类活动,
一些稀有动物的数目在减少。
Rarely
were
they
seen
together
and
they
certainly
did
not
travel
together.
很少见到他们在一起,
当然他们不可能一起旅行。
I
often
remind
myself
how
rare
it
is
for
me
to
have
such
an
opportunity.
我常常提醒自己,
拥有这样的机会是多么难得。
rare
adj.
稀少的;
珍贵的;
(肉)半熟的
rare
opportunity
稀有的机会,
难得的机会
it
is
rare
(for
sb.
)
to
do
sth.
(某人)难得做某事,
(某人)很少做某事
否定副词never,
nor,
not,
hardly,
little,
seldom,
scarcely,
rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at
no
time,
under/in
no
circumstances,
in
no
case,
by
no
means,
on
no
condition等置于句首时,
句子使用部分倒装。
(1)用rare的适当形式填空。
①He
hardly
ever
washes
the
dishes
and
he
rarely
(rare),
if
ever,
does
any
cleaning.
②On
the
rare
occasions
when
they
met
he
hardly
ever
dared
speak
to
her.
?
(2)Rarely
did
he
visit
his
parents,
which
surprised
me
very
much.
?
他很少去看他的父母,
这使我很吃惊。
(3)—Shall
we
take
some
apples
with
us?
—No,
at
no
time
is
food
allowed
in
the
library.
?
——我们可以随身带些苹果吗?
——不,
图书馆绝不允许带食物。
(4)句式升级
I
seldom
have
read
a
book
with
such
a
powerful
message.
=Seldom
have
I
read
a
book
with
such
a
powerful
message.
?
4.
guarantee
v.
保证,
确保
The
car
club
couldn’t
guarantee
to
meet
the
demands
of
all
its
members.
那家汽车俱乐部不能保证满足所有会员的要求。
I
guarantee
that
you
will
be
satisfied
with
the
result.
我保证你会对结果感到满意。
Can
you
guarantee
me
a
job
when
I
get
there?
你可以确保我到那里就可以找到一份工作吗?
The
shop
said
they
would
replace
the
television
since
it
was
still
under
guarantee.
商店说他们会退换那台电视机,
因为它还没有过保修期。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)While
Queensland
Rail
makes
every
effort
to
ensure
trains
run
as
scheduled,
there
can
be
no
guarantee
of
connections
between
trains
or
between
train
services
and
bus
services.
虽然昆士兰铁路尽一切努力确保火车按时运行,
但不能保证火车之间或火车服务与公共汽车服务之间的连接。
(1)guarantee
to
do
sth.
/that.
.
.
保证/担保做某事/确保……
guarantee
sb.
sth.
保证某人某事
be
guaranteed
to
do
sth.
肯定会做某事
(2)give
sb.
a
guarantee
(that).
.
.
向某人保证……
under
guarantee
在保修期内
a
guarantee
of
……的保障/证
(1)语法填空。
①Just
looking
at
a
picture
of
the
sea
is
guaranteed
to
make
(make)
me
feel
sick.
?
②He
gave
me
a
guarantee
that
it
would
never
happen
again.
③Your
mobile
phone
will
be
repaired
free
if
it
is
still
under
guarantee.
(2)A
train
ticket
can’t
guarantee
you
a
seat.
?
一张火车票不能保证你有座位。
5.
delighted
adj.
愉快的,
高兴的
Keep
trying
and
eventually
you
will
read
the
words
“We
are
delighted
to
inform
you.
.
.
”
不断尝试,
最终你会读到“我们很高兴通知你……”
He
was
grinning
proudly,
delighted
with
his
achievements.
他为自己的成就感到喜悦,
自豪地咧着嘴笑。
I’m
delighted
to
have
the
opportunity
to
share
my
music
through
a
new
media.
我很高兴有机会通过新媒体分享我的音乐。
It
has
always
been
my
dream
and
I
am
delighted
that
it
will
come
true.
这一直是我的梦想,
我很高兴它会实现。
Andrew
roared
with
delight
when
he
heard
Rachel’s
nickname
for
the
baby.
?
安德鲁听到瑞秋给婴儿起的绰号时,
不禁高兴得呼喊起来。
(1)be
delighted
to
do
sth.
乐意做某事
be
delighted
at
为……感到高兴
be
delighted
+(that)从句
因……而高兴
(2)delight
vt.
使快乐
n.
[U]快乐;
[C]令人高兴的事,
乐趣
delight
in
doing
sth.
以做某事为乐
delight
sb.
with
sth.
以某物取悦某人
take
delight
in
以……为乐
with
delight
高兴地
to
one’s
great
delight/much
to
one’s
delight
令某人非常高兴的是
(3)delightful
adj.
令人愉快的,
宜人的
【巧学助记】
Today,
a
piece
of
good
news
delighted
Lily.
When
class
began,
the
maths
teacher
was
delighted
to
tell
the
whole
class,
“To
my
delight,
the
results
of
the
test
are
excellent,
and
Lily
got
full
marks.
This
is
a
delightful
result;
next
Lily
will
share
her
experience
with
us.
”今天,
有一条令莉莉高兴的消息。开始上课时,
数学老师高兴地告诉全班同学:
“让我高兴的是,
这次考试成绩很好,
而且莉莉得了满分。这是一个令人高兴的结果,
接下来莉莉会和我们分享她的经验。”
(1)语法填空。
①It
was
the
most
delightful
(delight)
garden
I
had
ever
seen.
?
②The
professor
was
delighted
to
find
(find)
that
the
project
had
been
finished
by
the
students
independently.
?
③It’s
not
polite
to
take
delight
in
proving
others
wrong.
(2)To
my
delight,
I
was
chosen
from
hundreds
of
applicants
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.
?
令我高兴的是,
我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。
6.
So,
it
seems
that
talent
alone
isn’t
enough
to
guarantee
success.
所以,
似乎只有天赋并不能保证成功。?
【句式解构】
“It
seems
+
that从句”,
其中it
是形式主语,
that引导主语从句。
It
seems
that
no
one
knows
what
has
happened
in
the
park.
看起来没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。
It
seems
to
me
that
Mr
Brown
will
not
come
again.
在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。
seem的常用句式
除了“It
seems
+
that从句”结构,
seem还常用于下列句式:
(1)“主语+
seem(s)
+(to
be
)+表语”,
表语多为名词或形容词,
有时是其他的词或短语,
以说明主语的特征或状态。
Except
for
one
minor
disease,
he
seemed
to
be
in
excellent
health.
除了偶然生过一次小病外,
他似乎非常健康。
(2)“主语+
seem(s)
+
不定式”,
此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。
The
children
seemed
to
be
eating
something
in
the
room.
孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西。
(3)“There
+
seem(s)
to
be
+名词”,
其中to
be
可省略。seem
的单复数形式要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式确定。
There
seems
to
be
no
objection
to
your
accepting
the
invitation.
您接受邀请似乎无可非议。
(4)“It
seems
as
if.
.
.
看起来……,
似乎……”,
该句型表示可能,
若从句表示的是很可能实现的事情,
从句谓语用陈述语气;
若从句表示的是与事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小的事情时,
则从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
It
seems
as
if
it
were
autumn.
现在仿佛是秋天似的。
【知识延伸】
It
+不及物动词(seem,
appear,
happen等)
+
主语从句
It
happened
that
we
met
on
a
bus
to
the
hospital.
我们碰巧在去医院的公交车上见面了。
It
appeared
that
he
had
a
taste
for
music.
看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力。
(1)语法填空。
①It
seems
that
most
houses
have
been
destroyed
by
the
storm.
②The
engine
just
won’t
start.
Something
seems
to
have
gone
(go)
wrong
with
it.
?
③Her
mind
seemed
to
be
wandering
(wander)
and
she
didn’t
recognize
us.
?
④There
seems
to
be
(be)
no
need
to
go
now.
?
(2)
It
seems
as
if
they
don’t
care
about
Henry’s
feelings
at
all.
?
好像他们根本不关心亨利的情绪。
7.
Keep
trying
and
eventually
you
will
read
the
words
“We
are
delighted
to
inform
you.
.
.
”?
不断尝试,
最终你会读到“我们很高兴通知你……”
【句式解构】该句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型。祈使句相当于一个条件句;
陈述句表示一种结果,
故该句型可以转化为“If条件句+主句”。
Follow
your
doctor’s
advice,
and
you
will
get
better
soon.
遵照医生的建议,
你很快就会好起来的。
It
is
really
dangerous.
One
more
step,
and
the
baby
will
fall
into
the
well.
真危险。再多迈一步,
这个小孩就会掉进井里。
Study
hard,
or
you
will
fail
in
your
exams.
努力学习,
否则你就会考试不及格。
与“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型相关的两种变形
(1)名词词组+and+陈述句,
名词词组中通常含有more,
another,
further等。
(2)祈使句+or+陈述句=If
.
.
.
not
.
.
.
,
+主句,
or等表示否则,
前后为转折关系。
注意:
以上结构后面的陈述句多用表示将来意义的时态结构。
(1)语法填空。
①Don’t
eat
so
many
sweets,
or
you’ll
have
a
toothache.
?
②Work
hard
and
believe
in
yourself
and
you
will
succeed
(succeed)
one
day.
?
③More
fine
food,
and
you’ll
be
healthier
and
healthier.
(2)If
you
take
more
exercise,
you
will
be
stronger.
→Take
more
exercise,
and
you
will
be
stronger.
?
【要点拾遗】
1.
debt
n.
债务,
欠款
When
the
funds
are
low
and
the
debts
are
high,
And
you
want
to
smile,
but
you
have
to
sigh.
当你债务高资金低,
你想要微笑,
却不得不叹息时。
We
must
cut
down
expenses
or
we’ll
be
getting
into
debt.
我们必须减少开支,
否则将会负债的。
Many
people
experience
difficulty
in
paying
off
their
debts.
许多人在还债时都遇到困难。
She
was
in
debt
when
she
was
poor,
but
she
has
been
out
of
debt
since
she
got
rich.
她穷的时候欠了债,
但她有钱以后就已经还清了。
in
debt 负债
in
one’s
debt/in
the
debt
of
sb.
欠某人的人情
out
of
debt
还清债务
get
into
debt
负债
pay
off
the
debt
还清债务
(1)语法填空。
①Bill’s
heavily
in
debt
at
the
moment,
but
hopes
to
pay
it
off
when
he
gets
paid.
②We’ll
get
into
debt
if
you
spend
more
than
our
income.
③I
know
I
shall
feel
for
ever
in
her
debt.
(2)
If
I
make
good
money
this
time,
I’ll
pay
off
all
my
debts
first.
?
如果这次能挣大钱我就先还清所有债务。
2.
dread
v.
畏惧,
惧怕
These
are
the
words
that
every
writer
dreads
receiving,
but
words
every
writer
knows
well.
这是每个作家都害怕收到的话,
但又为每个作家所熟知。
He
is
dreading
going
back
to
work
after
graduation.
他害怕毕业后回去工作。
The
little
girl
dreaded
her
parents
finding
out
her
secret.
这个小女孩害怕父母发现她的秘密。
I’m
dreading
that
I’ll
be
asked
to
make
a
speech.
我害怕被要求演讲。
(1)dread
doing
sth.
害怕做某事
dread
sb.
doing
sth.
害怕某人做某事
dread
that.
.
.
害怕……
with
dread
恐惧地
(2)dreadful
adj.
可怕的;
糟透的,
令人不快的
dreaded
adj.
令人畏惧的,
可怕的
dreadfully
adv.
可怕地;
极其
【易混辨析】
(1)alarm,
fear,
fright,
horror,
panic,
terror,
dread
这些名词均含“恐惧、惧怕、惊恐”之意。
alarm强调突然意识到有危险而产生的恐惧心理。
fear普通用词,
侧重指面临危险或灾祸时内心所产生的恐惧心情。
fright通常指一阵突然的、令人震惊的短暂恐惧,
有时含夸张意味。
horror侧重指因看到令人讨厌或危险的东西或情景而产生的厌恶情绪、极度恐惧的心情或战栗的动作。
panic常指因突如其来的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱。
terror指极大的恐惧和惊骇,
语气最强。
dread可与fear换用,
着重害怕的心理,
但dread常指胆怯和丧失勇气。
(2)dreadful
和dreaded
①dreadful
(一般用于修饰事物)
令人不快的,
糟透的,
可怕的。
②dreaded
(一般用于形容人的心理、动作等)
令人畏惧的,
可怕的。
语法填空。
(1)Hsieh
said
by
the
time
the
company
had
about
100
employees,
he
dreaded
getting
(get)out
of
bed
to
go
to
his
own
company.
(2)Would
you
mind
dreadfully(dread)
if
I
didn’t
come?
(3)Bernice
looked
with
dread
at
the
end
of
the
passage.
(4)Two
hours
on
a
dreadful
(dread)
night
like
this
are
as
long
as
two
years.
3.
take
for
example以……为榜样/例子
Take
for
example
J.
K.
Rowling.
以J.
K.
罗琳为例。
As
we
know,
parents
should
set
an
example
to
their
children.
众所周知,
父母应该为孩子树立榜样。
It
would
be
a
mistake
to
follow
his
example.
效仿他是个错误。
for
example 例如,
举例来说
give
(sb.
)
an
example
给(某人)举例
set
an
example
to
sb.
为……树立榜样
follow
one’s
example
以某人为榜样,
效仿某人
be
an
example
to
sb.
是……的榜样
【知识延伸】
take
one’s
time 别着急;
慢慢来
take
it
easy
从容;
不急;
松懈
take
sth.
seriously
重视某事;
认真对待某事
take.
.
.
for
granted
认为……理所当然
take.
.
.
as.
.
.
把……当成……
take.
.
.
for
example中,
当宾语较长时,
宾语可移到for
example之后。
语法填空。
(1)I
think
Mary’s
courage
is
an
example
to
us
all.
(2)Li
Feng
has
set
a
good
example
to
us
all.
?
(3)A
lot
of
women
manage
to
bring
up
families
and
go
out
to
work
at
the
same
time
—take
Angela
for
example.
【补偿训练】
(1)语法填空。
①Believe
it
or
not,
I
always
take
your
suggestions
seriously
(serious).
②But
I
took
it
as
nothing
and
continued
to
prepare
our
wedding
necessities.
(2)Take
it
easy
when
you
are
on
the
stage.
?
当你在台上时不要紧张。
(3)Take
your
time;
there
is
a
lot
of
time
left.
?
别着急,
还有很多时间。
(4)I
took
it
for
granted
that
he
had
received
the
letter.
?
我想当然地认为他收到了信。
4.
rejection
n.
拒绝,
否决
They
might
be
required
information
for
the
approval
or
rejection
decision.
他们在决定审批或拒绝时可能需要这些信息。
He
tried
to
join
the
army
but
was
rejected.
他想参军但被拒绝了。
These
agencies
will
make
approval
or
rejective
decision
on
information
and
feedback
to
system.
这些机构将对信息做出批准或拒绝的决定,
并反馈给系统。
reject
vt.
拒绝;
排斥;
抵制;
丢弃
rejective
adj.
拒绝的;
排斥的
语法填空。
(1)What
I
have
found
helpful
is
for
me
to
be
mentally
prepared
to
face
rejection(reject).
(2)
He
was
rejected
(reject)
for
the
army
because
of
his
bad
eyesight.
?
5.
have.
.
.
in
common
(with
sb.
)
(与……)
有共同处
When
she
received
her
first
rejection
letter,
she
decided
that
it
meant
she
now
had
something
in
common
with
her
favourite
writers,
and
stuck
it
on
her
kitchen
wall.
当她收到第一封拒绝信时,
她觉得这意味着现在她和她最喜欢的作家有了共同点,
于是她把信贴在了厨房的墙上。
It
was
not
until
we
had
stayed
together
for
a
couple
of
weeks
that
I
found
we
had
a
lot
in
common.
直到我们在一起待了几个星期,
我才发现我们有很多共同之处。
These
two
kinds
of
medicines
have
nothing
in
common
in
essentials.
这两种药物实质上没有什么共同之处。
Britain,
in
common
with
many
other
industrialized
countries,
has
experienced
major
changes
over
the
last
100
years.
与许多其他工业化国家一样,
英国在过去100
年里经历了重大改革。
have
nothing/little
in
common 毫无(几乎没有)共同之处
have
much/a
lot
in
common
有很多共同点
in
common
with.
.
.
与……相同
【知识延伸】
in
vain 徒劳
in
common
有共同处;
共有;
共用
in
order
有秩序地;
妥当;
适宜
in
public
公开地
in
place
在适当的位置
(1)语法填空。
①To
my
surprise,
although
they
are
brothers,
they
have
nothing
in
common.
②In
common
with
many
young
people,
he
prefers
pop
music
to
classical
music.
(2)If
I
have
something
in
common
with
my
aunt,
that’s
our
smiles.
?
如果我和我姑姑有什么共同之处的话,
那就是我们的微笑。
【补偿训练】语法填空
①We
walked
a
couple
of
blocks,
looking
in
vain
for
a
taxi.
②The
books
were
all
neatly
in
place,
carefully
arranged.
③The
only
thing
we
have
in
common
is
that
we’ve
both
been
to
France.
?
6.
persevere
v.
锲而不舍,
坚持不懈
Nevertheless,
she
persevered.
然而,
她坚持了下来。
He
persevered
with
his
task
until
he
had
succeeded
in
collecting
an
armful
of
firewood.
他坚持不懈地去完成任务,
直到成功地收集了一抱柴火。
This
motivates
them
to
persevere
in
seeking
the
information
they
now
want
to
learn,
what
they
need
to
be
taught.
这促使他们坚持不懈地寻求他们现在想知道的信息,
这些信息他们需要听教师的讲解。
It
took
perseverance
to
overcome
his
reading
problems.
由于坚持不懈,
他才得以克服阅读障碍。
persevering
adj.
坚忍的;
不屈不挠的
perseveringly
adv.
坚定地
perseverance
n.
坚持不懈;
不屈不挠
persevere
in/with
坚持
(1)语法填空。
①You
have
to
persevere
with
those
students
who
are
hard
to
teach.
?
②As
long
as
you
persevere
in
doing
(do)
so,
there
is
nothing
you
cannot
achieve
in
the
world.
③It
is
essential
to
attain
development
through
one’s
own
persevering(persevere)
efforts.
④The
only
way
to
improve
is
through
hard
work
and
dogged
perseverance
(persevere).
(2)写出句子中画线部分的汉语意思。
The
cold
weather
will
persevere
for
the
whole
week.
?
将持续整整一周
7.
turn
down拒绝;
调低(温度等)
“I
wasn’t
going
to
give
up
until
every
single
publisher
turned
me
down,
but
I
often
feared
that
would
happen,
”
she
later
posted.
“我不会放弃,
除非所有的出版商都拒绝我,
但我经常担心会发生这种情况,
”她后来说。
Turn
the
heat
down,
otherwise
it’ll
burn.
把炉火开小一点,
不然就烧焦了。
You
can
turn
to
the
dictionary
for
the
meaning
of
the
word.
你可以查阅词典找这个单词的意思。
Unfortunately,
they
didn’t
turn
out
to
be
more
creative.
不幸的是,
结果证明他们并非更有创造性。
turn
(a)round 转身;
调头
turn
about
转身;
扭转;
反复思考
turn
into
(使)成为;
翻译
turn
off
关掉(煤气、电器、水龙头等)
turn
out
原来是,
结果是,
证明是
turn
to
翻到;
转向;
求助于
turn
up
出现,
到场;
调大(音量等);
被发现或找到
(1)语法填空。
①He
said
he
was
a
doctor;
but
later
he
turned
out
to
be
a
cheat.
②The
meeting
has
already
begun,
but
the
chairman
hasn’t
turned
up
yet.
③As
he
turned
around,
he
was
surprised
to
see
that
the
man
had
disappeared.
④Please
tell
Tom
not
to
leave
the
classroom
unless
he
makes
sure
that
all
the
lights
are
turned
off.
(2)He
tried
to
join
the
army
but
was
turned
down
because
of
poor
health.
?
他想参军,
但因身体不好被断然拒绝。
8.
J.
D.
Salinger
started
writing
short
stories
in
high
school,
but
later
struggled
to
get
his
works
published.
?
J.
D.
塞林格从高中时就开始写短篇小说了,
但之后他的作品却难以发表。
【句式解构】get
his
works
published为get
sth.
done结构,
意为“使某事被做”,
该结构还可表示“请/让别人做某事”和“遭遇某事”。
This
afternoon
I
will
go
to
get
my
camera
repaired.
今天下午我去修相机。
My
brother
got
his
left
leg
broken
while
playing
football
yesterday.
我弟弟昨天踢足球时把左腿摔断了。
You
should
get
your
friend
to
help
you.
你应该让你的朋友帮助你。
Even
if
it
is
hot,
you
had
better
not
get
the
air-conditioning
running
all
the
time.
即使天气很热,
你也最好不要让空调一直开着。
get
sb.
/sth.
to
do
sth.
让某人/某物去做某事
get
sb.
/sth.
doing
sth.
使某人/某物处于某种活动状态下
get
sb.
/sth.
+adj.
使某人/某物处于某种状态
(1)语法填空。
①Claire
got
her
luggage
checked
(check)
an
hour
before
her
plane
left.
②My
father
is
stubborn.
I
can’t
get
him
to
change(change)
his
mind.
?
③What
the
teacher
said
got
us
thinking(think).
(2)They
tried
their
best
to
get
the
campus
more
beautiful.
?
他们尽力让校园变得更美丽。
9.
When
he
might
have
won
had
he
stuck
it
out.
?
如果他坚持下去,
他可能会赢。
【句式解构】
句中
“had
he
stuck
it
out”相当于
“If
he
had
stuck
it
out”,
是虚拟条件句。“如果他坚持下去,
他可能会赢。”但是事实是,
他没有坚持,
他失败了。表示对过去的情况的虚拟,
主句谓语动词用“should/would/could/might+have+过去分词”,
if
条件句中谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;
如果省略if,
则提前助动词had。
If
you
had
got
up
earlier,
you
would
have
caught
the
train.
如果你早点起床,
你就会赶上火车了。
If
the
new
safety
system
had
been
put
to
use,
the
accident
would
never
have
happened.
如果新的安全系统被投入使用,
事故就不会发生了。(事实是“没投入使用,
发生了事故”。)
if条件句中的虚拟语气
if条件句
从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
should/would/could/might+动词原形
表示过去情况
had+过去分词
should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
表示将来情况
should+动词原形
should/would/could/might+动词原形
动词过去式
were
to+动词原形
If
I
had
enough
money,
I
would
take
the
beautiful
dress
for
my
daughter.
如果我的钱够的话,
我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的连衣裙。(与现在事实相反)
If
it
should
rain/were
to
rain/rained
tomorrow,
we
would
have
to
put
off
the
sports
meeting.
如果明天下雨的话,
我们就得推迟运动会。(与将来事实相反)
(1)语法填空。
①If
I
had
enough
money
now,
I
would
buy
(buy)
a
car.
?
②If
we
had
driven
(drive)
in
turn,
you
wouldn’t
have
got
so
tired.
?
③If
it
were
to
snow
(snow)
tomorrow,
we
would
take
photos.
?
(2)
If
you
had
gone
to
the
exhibition,
you
would
have
enjoyed
it.
→Had
you
gone
to
the
exhibition,
you
would
have
enjoyed
it.
?
10.
The
response
from
a
publisher
comes
back
and
the
writer
eagerly
opens
and
reads
it,
their
hearts
sinking
when
they
reach
that
final
sentence.
?
出版商的答复回来了,
作家急切地展开阅读,
当他们读到那最后一句时,
他们的心沉了下来。
【句式解构】
本句中their
hearts
sinking为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,
可表示原因、条件、伴随状况等。
Weather
permitting,
we’ll
go
for
a
picnic
tomorrow.
如果天气允许,
明天我们出去野餐。
He
lied
on
the
grass
listening
to
music,
his
eyes
closed.
他躺在草地上,
听着音乐,
闭着眼睛。
A
lot
of
work
to
do,
we
will
work
very
late.
很多工作要做,
我们会工作到很晚。
The
window
open,
a
sweet
smell
from
the
flowers
outside
greeted
the
nose.
开着窗户,
外面花的香味扑鼻而来。
独立主格结构
(1)名词/主格代词+现在分词(短语)。名词和主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。
(2)名词/主格代词+过去分词(短语)。名词和主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。
(3)名词/主格代词+不定式(短语)。名词和主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,
且强调的是一次具体的动作。
(4)名词/主格代词+形容词/副词。
(5)名词/主格代词+介词短语。这类独立主格结构中,
当其中的介词是in时,
其前后的两个名词通常不加任何修饰语(如物主代词或冠词),
也不用复数。
(1)语法填空。
①He
was
playing
games,
his
eyes
fixed
(fix)
on
the
computer
screen.
?
②The
final
exam
drawing(draw)
near,
your
parents
will
not
probably
allow
you
to
listen
to
music.
③I
send
you
today
four
fifths
of
the
sum,
the
rest
to
follow
(follow)
in
a
month.
?
(2)
Father
came
back
home
happily,
cake
in
hand.
?
爸爸高兴地回到家,
手里捧着蛋糕。
(3)
The
meeting
over,
everyone
tried
to
go
home
earlier.
?
会议结束后,
每个人都想早点回家。
11.
You
may
have
spent
years
giving
up
your
weekends
and
free
time
to
write
your
life’s
work,
yet
still
this
is
often
not
enough.
?
你可能花了数年没有周末没有空闲时间地创作你一生的作品,
但这仍然常常还不够。
【句式解构】
may
have
spent为“情态动词+have
done”结构,
表示对过去的推测。
She
might
have
taken
that
book
with
her
just
now.
她刚才可能把书已经带走了。
You
must
have
left
your
handbag
in
the
theatre,
I
think.
我想你一定把手提包丢到剧场了。
We
could
have
faced
the
difficulty
together,
but
why
didn’t
you
tell
me?
我们本来可以一起面对困难,
但是你为什么不告诉我?
Mark
needn’t
have
hurried.
After
driving
at
top
speed,
he
arrived
half
an
hour
early.
马克本不必着急。他开快车后,
早到了半小时。
情态动词+have
done
含义和用法
must
have
done
过去一定做过……(肯定句)
can
have
donecan’t
have
done
过去可能做过……吗?
(疑问句)过去不可能做过……(否定句)
could
have
done
本来能够做但却未做(肯定句)
may
have
donemight
have
done
过去可能做过……(肯定句)
过去可能没有做过……(否定句)
should
have
doneshouldn’t
have
doneought
to
have
done
本来应该做但是实际上未做……(肯定句)本来不应该做而实际上做了……(表指责)过去应该做而实际并没有做(表遗憾)
need
have
doneneedn’t
have
done
本来需要做某事而没有做本来不需要做某事而做了
(1)语法填空。
①How
I
regretted
the
days
when
I
had
played
and
should
have
studied(study).
?
②We
could
have
walked(walk)
to
the
station,
it
was
so
near.
?
③He
couldn’t
have
gone(go)
to
bed,
you
see,
the
light
in
his
room
is
still
on.
?
(2)I
got
up
early,
but
needn’t
have
done
so,
because
I
had
nothing
to
do
that
morning.
?
那天早上我起得很早,
可我根本不必这样做,
因为我无事可做。
拓视野·观天下
1.
The
football
player
has
reportedly
informed
the
club
that
he
wants
to
leave
the
team
immediately
despite
having
a
700
million
euro
release
clause
in
his
contract.
据多家媒体报道,
那个足球运动员已通知了俱乐部,
希望立刻离开这家球队,
尽管他的合约中包含的买断条款解约金为7亿欧元。
2.
To
guarantee
the
safety
of
pedestrians,
the
Singapore
government
announced
the
new
code
to
shape
their
behaviour.
为了保证行人的安全,
新加坡政府宣布了新守则来规范他们的行为。
3.
I
regret
to
tell
you
the
news
that
there
will
be
no
Ballon
d’Or
award
ceremony
in
2020.
我很遗憾告诉你这个消息,
2020年将不会颁发金球奖。
PAGEUnit
2 Onwards
and
upwards
Using
language
语法精讲·深化学习
动名词与不定式作宾语(-ing
and
to-infinitive
as
object)
观察上面对话,
并完成句子。
1.
It’s
a
pay
day,
and
they
are
waiting
to
be
paid(pay).
?
2.
No
matter
how
hard
it
is,
we’ll
keep
trying(try)
until
we
make
it.
一、动名词作宾语
1.
动名词可以跟在动词后面作宾语。
常见的只能接动名词不能接不定式作宾语的动词有:
表示“建议”“完成”“推迟”和“想象”:
suggest,
finish,
postpone,
delay,
imagine
表示“需要”“承认”“介意”和“原谅”:
require,
admit,
mind,
pardon,
excuse
表示“避免”“冒险”“练”“逃”和“错过”:
avoid,
risk,
practice,
escape,
miss
表示“允许”“考虑”“理解”“喜欢”和“欣赏”:
allow,
permit,
consider,
understand,
enjoy,
appreciate
I
don’t
like
watching
television
but
I
enjoy
listening
to
the
radio.
我不喜欢看电视,
但是喜欢听收音机。
He
tried
to
avoid
answering
my
questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2.
动名词作介词宾语常用在动词短语后。
insist
on,
keep
on,
get
used
to,
see
to,
pay
attention
to,
take
to,
give
up,
aim
at,
believe
in,
be
engaged
in,
care
for,
accuse.
.
.
of,
put
off,
prevent.
.
.
from,
thank.
.
.
for,
devote.
.
.
to,
depend
on,
set
about,
be
fond
of,
be
tired
of,
succeed
in,
be
keen
on,
worry
about,
apologize
for,
feel
like,
dream
of,
lead
to,
be
worth
He
insisted
on
doing
it
in
his
own
way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
It’s
quite
hot
today.
Do
you
feel
like
going
for
a
swim?
今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗?
动词-ing的复合结构作宾语
(1)形容词性物主代词+动词-ing
(2)人称代词宾格+动词-ing
(3)名词所有格+动词-ing
(4)名词+动词-ing
Would
you
mind
my/me
using
your
cell
phone?
你介意我用你的手机吗?
I
knew
nothing
about
the
window
being
open.
我一点儿也不知道窗户开着。
【巧学助记】只能接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)口诀
完成实践值得忙(finish,
practice,
be
worth,
be
busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep
on,
be
used
to,
give
up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,
suggest,
can’t
help,
feel
like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,
miss,
mind)
语法填空。
(1)Young
people
may
risk
going
(go)
deaf
if
they
are
exposed
to
very
loud
music
every
day.
(2)—Have
you
finished
writing
(write)
your
composition?
?
—Not
yet.
(3)The
foreign
friends
are
looking
forward
to
being
shown
(show)
around
our
school.
?
(4)I
used
to
practice
speaking
(speak)
English
every
morning
at
university.
(5)I
don’t
agree
this
is
of
poor
quality.
For
a
start,
it
is
a
book
well
worth
reading
(read).
?
二、不定式作宾语
1.
只能以不定式作宾语,
而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有:
(“希望”干)wish,
hope,
expect,
long,
desire;
(早“打算”)plan,
mean,
prepare,
attempt,
intend;
(“同意”“否”)agree,
consent,
refuse,
decline;
(“寻”“问”看)seek,
ask,
beg;
(“选”“定”了)choose,
decide,
determine,
promise;
(“尽”“自愿”)manage,
volunteer,
tend;
(“称”“失败”)claim,
fail;
(“敢”“假装”)dare,
pretend
The
driver
failed
to
see
the
other
car
in
time.
司机没有及时看到另一辆车。
China
hopes
to
promote
the
ties
with
Angola
to
a
new
stage.
中国希望把和安哥拉的关系推向新的阶段。
2.
可用于“动词+it+形容词/名词+to
do
sth.
”结构中的动词有feel,
find,
make,
think,
believe,
consider等。
They
all
feel
it
very
hard
to
learn
English.
他们都认为学英语很难。
3.
有些介词后也可以接不定式作宾语,
如介词but,
about,
except等。
This
girl
had
no
choice
but
to
wait.
这个女孩除了等待别无选择。
【巧学助记】只能接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)口诀
决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
【知识延伸】
动词不定式作宾语,
通常有三种形式:
(1)一般式:
动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作(状态)同时发生,
或是在它之后发生。当动词不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的发出者时,
用主动形式(
to
do);
当动词不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的承受者时,
用被动形式(
to
be
done)。
He
appears
to
be
very
happy.
他看起来很高兴。
He
refused
to
be
photographed.
他拒绝让人拍照。
(2)进行式:
动词不定式的进行式(to
be
doing)表示动词不定式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,
并强调动作的持续性或动作正在进行。
When
I
came
in,
he
pretended
to
be
sleeping.
当我进来时,
他假装正在睡觉。
It
happened
to
be
raining
when
I
got
there.
我到达那里的时候,
碰巧在下雨。
(3)完成式:
动词不定式的完成式(to
have
done)表示动词不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
He
seems
to
have
cut
off
the
water
supply.
他好像已切断了供水。
语法填空。
(1)I
had
hoped
to
send
(send)
him
a
telegram
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage,
but
I
didn’t
manage
it.
?
(2)There
seemed
nothing
left
to
do
but
send(send)
for
the
doctor.
(3)Having
failed
in
the
driving
test
twice,
he
decided
not
to
take
(not
take)
it
again.
?
(4)If
you
want
to
go
(go)
with
us,
you
should
be
ready
by
eight
o’clock.
?
(5)He
gave
us
some
advice
on
how
to
learn(learn)
English.
?
三、接动词不定式/动词-ing
形式意义差别大的动词(短语)
Please
remember
to
give
my
best
regards
to
your
family.
请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I
still
remember
visiting
the
museum
for
the
first
time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
He
tried
to
control
his
voice.
他尽量控制住自己的声音。
They
decided
they
would
try
living
in
America
for
a
while.
他们决定在美国住一段时间试试。
在need,
require,
want(表”需要”)等动词的后面可接动词-ing形式作宾语(用主动形式表示被动含义),
也可接动词不定式的被动式作宾语。
语法填空。
(1)The
teacher
regretted
to
tell
(tell)
Tom
he
didn’t
pass
the
exam,
and
Tom
regretted
not
studying
(study)hard.
?
(2)I
remembered
to
lock
(lock)
the
door
before
I
left
the
office,
but
forgot
to
turn
(turn)
off
the
lights.
?
(3)After
he
finished
doing
(do)
maths
homework,
he
went
on
to
write
(write)
a
composition.
?
(4)I’m
determined
to
solve
this
mystery
even
if
it
means
traveling
(travel)
to
New
York
by
myself.
(5)The
condition
of
this
car
is
so
serious.
It
really
needs
repairing/to
be
repaired
(repair)
before
driving
on
the
road
again.
?
使用本单元所学动名词和不定式的相关知识,
结合中文提示补全短文。
Mr
Zhang
is
a
successful
businessman
in
our
city.
When
he
was
fifteen
years
old,
his
family
was
so
poor
that
he
had
to
(1)quit
studying(退学)
at
school.
To
help
support
his
family,
he
did
lots
of
part-time
jobs.
Later,
he
(2)happened
to
save(碰巧挽救了)
a
wealthy
businessman.
The
businessman
(3)promised
to
reward
(许诺奖励)him.
Mr
Zhang
told
him
that
he
(4)wanted
to
set
up
his
own
business(想创办自己的公司).
Hearing
what
Mr
Zhang
said,
the
businessman
(5)agreed
to
lend
him
a
hand(同意帮他一把).
Mr
Zhang’s
company
was
set
up
in
2000.
Little
by
little,
he
earned
a
lot
of
money
and
became
wealthy.
He
always
(6)regrets
leaving(后悔离开)
school
at
a
young
age,
so
he
(7)decided
to
give
away
his
money
(决定捐赠他的钱)to
those
children
whose
families
were
poor.
Since
then,
Mr
Zhang
has
(8)devoted
himself
to
helping
(致力于帮助)those
in
trouble.
Up
to
now,
he
has
given
away
ten
million
yuan
to
charities.
Although
Mr
Zhang
is
now
in
his
sixties,
he
doesn’t
plan
to
(9)stop
working(停止工作).
And
he
(10)hopes
to
earn
more
money
(希望挣更多的钱)to
help
more
people.
?
主题活动·话题实践
Ⅰ.
话题词汇
1.
look
on
the
bright
side
(对坏情况)持乐观态度,
看到光明的一面
2.
not
lift
a
finger一点忙也不帮,
油瓶倒了都不扶
3.
a
wet
blanket扫兴的人或物
4.
an
eager
beaver
干活特别卖力的人,
对工作极有热忱的人
5.
drag
one’s
feet故意拖拉,
故意拖延
6.
turn
over
a
new
leaf改恶从善,
重新做人
7.
as
cool
as
a
cucumber镇定自若
8.
be
made
up
of由……组成
9.
ups
and
downs盛衰,
浮沉,
苦乐
10.
lend
sb.
an
ear倾听某人
Ⅱ.
话题情境
根据情境和提示完成对话。
1.
A:
Excuse
me.
How’s
your
son’s
maths
going?
B:
Not
very
well,
but
I
haven’t
lifted
a
finger(一点忙也帮不上)?
2.
A:
Let’s
go
outing
tomorrow,
shall
we?
B:
I’m
sorry,
I’ll
stay
at
home
and
watch
TV.
A:
Come
on,
don’t
be
such
a
wet
blanket(扫兴的人).
?
3.
A:
What
do
you
think
of
Mike?
B:
He
is
an
eager
beaver(对工作极有热忱的人)
but
he
is
not
very
organized.
?
4.
A:
Tom
is
always
late
for
school.
B:
That’s
too
bad.
He
needs
to
turn
over
a
new
leaf(改恶从善).
?
5.
A:
The
exam
is
coming.
I’m
feeling
a
little
anxious.
B:
You
should
be
as
cool
as
a
cucumber(镇定自若)
because
you
are
always
working
hard.
?
Ⅲ.
情境句式
1.
Are
you
OK?
你还好吗?
2.
I
don’t
mean
to
be
nosy,
but
are
you
sure?
我不想多管闲事,
但是你确定吗?
3.
Why
don’t
you
tell
me
what’s
up?
你为什么不告诉我发生了什么事?
4.
I’m
sure
you
did
your
best.
我确信你尽力了。
5.
You
should
be
proud
of
yourself.
你应该以你自己为豪。
6.
Why
are
you
so
upset?
你为什么如此难过?
7.
I
know
this
is
hard
for
you,
but
you
should
cheer
up.
我知道这对你来说很难,
但你应该振作起来。
Ⅳ.
情境交流
在放学回家的路上Kate看起来很难过,
Mike关切地询问发生了什么事。
Mike:
Are
you
OK?
1.
Why
are
you
so
upset(你为什么如此难过)?
?
Kate:
I’m
all
right.
Don’t
worry
about
me.
Mike:
2.
Why
don’t
you
tell
me
what’s
up(你为什么不告诉我发生了什么事)?
Perhaps
I
can
help
you
with
it.
?
Kate:
You
can’t
lift
a
finger.
I
haven’t
done
well
in
the
maths
exam.
Mike:
You
mean
you
have
failed
in
the
maths
exam?
Kate:
No,
but
I’m
not
satisfied
with
the
result.
Mike:
I
know
this
is
hard
for
you,
but
3.
you
should
cheer
up(你应该振作起来).
I’m
sure
4.
you
did
your
best(你尽力了).
?
Kate:
Thank
you
for
comforting
me.
PAGEUnit
2 Onwards
and
upwards
单元脉图·素养导引
聆听经典·话题热身
Try
Everything为电影《疯狂动物城》的主题曲,
曲风动感活泼,
是哥伦比亚女歌手夏奇拉为《疯狂动物城》专门创作的,
与影片主题不谋而合。伴随主角兔子朱迪和狐狸尼克,
观众将深入这个奇妙的动物之城,
经历一次妙趣横生的大冒险。夏奇羊也在MV中亮相,
在演唱会上大展歌喉、大跳热舞,
并欢迎观众来到疯狂动物城。热情四射、美丽动人的夏奇拉还为片中的动物歌后夏奇羊担任配音。?
注:
听音填空
Try
Everything
Shakira
I
messed
up
tonight
I
lost
another
fight
I
still
mess
①up
but
I’ll
just
start
again?
I
keep
falling
down
I
keep
on
hitting
the
ground
I
always
get
up
now
to
see
what’s
next
Birds
②don’t
just
fly?
They
fall
down
③and
get
up?
Nobody
learns
without
getting
it
wrong
I
won’t
give
up,
no
I
won’t
give
in
Till
I
reach
the
end
And
then
I’ll
start
again
No
I
won’t
leave
I
wanna
try
everything
I
wanna
try
even
though
I
could
fail
I
won’t
give
up,
no
I
④won’t
give
in?
Till
I
reach
the
end
And
then
I’ll
start
again
No
I
won’t
leave
I
wanna
try
everything
I
wanna
try
even
though
I
could
fail
Oh
oh
oh
oh
oooh
Try
everything
Oh
oh
oh
oh
oooh
Try
everything
Oh
oh
oh
oh
oooh
Try
everything
Oh
oh
oh
oh
oooh
Look
at
how
far
you’ve
come
You
filled
your
heart
with
love
Baby
you’ve
done
enough
that
cut
your
breath
Don’t
beat
yourself
up
⑤Don’t
need
to
run
so
fast?
Sometimes
we
come
last
but
we
did
our
best
I
won’t
give
up,
no
I
won’t
give
in
Till
I
reach
the
end
And
then
I’ll
start
again
No
I
won’t
leave
I
wanna
try
everything
I
wanna
try
even
though
I
could
fail
I
won’t
give
up,
no
I
won’t
give
in
Till
I
reach
the
end
And
then
I’ll
start
again
No
I
won’t
leave
I
wanna
try
everything
I
wanna
try
even
though
I
could
fail
I’ll
keep
on
making
those
new
mistakes
I’ll
keep
on
making
them
every
day
Those
new
mistakes
Oh
oh
oh
oh
oooh
Try
everything
Oh
oh
oh
oh
oooh
Try
everything
Oh
oh
oh
oh
oooh
Try
everything
Oh
oh
oh
oh
oooh
Try
everything.
.
.
1.
mess
up陷入困境;
搞糟;
搞乱
2.
hit
the
ground晕倒;
撞地;
着地
译文:
尝试一切
——夏奇拉
我今晚败了
又输一次
我还是会输,
但我不会放弃
我不断摔倒
不断碰壁
我总能爬起,
迎接下一个挑战
鸟儿不只会飞
它们会跌落,
然后再起飞
不经历风雨怎么见彩虹
我不会放弃,
不会妥协
直到抵达目标
我会重新出发
我不会离开
我要尝试每件事
就算失败,
我也要尝试
我不会放弃,
不会妥协
直到抵达目标
我会重新出发
我不会离开
我要尝试每件事
就算失败,
我也要尝试
噢噢噢噢
尝试一切
噢噢噢噢
尝试一切
噢噢噢噢
尝试一切
噢噢噢噢
回头看看你走的路
你用爱填满了心房
你所做的足以让自己满意
不要苛求自己
不必跑得太快
有时我们最后到达,
却是全力以赴
我不会放弃,
不会妥协
直到抵达目标
我会重新出发
我不会离开
我要尝试每件事
就算失败,
我也要尝试
我不会放弃,
不会妥协
直到抵达目标
我会重新出发
我不会离开
我要尝试每件事
就算失败,
我也要尝试
我会继续犯新错
我会每天犯新错
那些新错
噢噢噢噢
尝试一切
噢噢噢噢
尝试一切
噢噢噢噢
尝试一切
噢噢噢噢
尝试一切……
PAGE
