句子成分讲解与练习
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(共49张PPT)
语法复习----
句子成分
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
二）主语：
主语 (Subiect)
是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
We often speak English in class.
One-third of the students in this class are girls.
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
Smoking does harm to the health.
The rich should help the poor.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
It is necessary to master a foreign language.
（主语从句）
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语
谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every morning.
The plane took off at ten o’clock.
2、复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold.
（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：
We are students.
注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
（四）表语
表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.
（名词）
Is it yours （代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one （数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
The meeting is of great importance.
（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。
1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting.
3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He seems (to be) very sad.
4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如： He became mad after that.
6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如： The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success.
（五）宾语
宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.
（名词）
（代词、动名词）
（名词、数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
He pretended not to see me.
I enjoy listening to popular music.
I think（that）he is fit for his office.
（名词化形容词，名词）
（不定式短语）
（动名词短语）
（宾语从句）
宾语种类：
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如：
He sent the novel to William yesterday.
For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如：
She bought a gift for her mother.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
下列动词只能接不定式做宾语
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, except, fail, help, hope, learn, manage,
offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如：
He refused to lend me his bike.
下列动词只能接动名词做宾语
admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如：
John has admitted breaking the window .
下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。
（六）宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（Object Complement），才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dongming.
They painted their boat white.
Let the fresh air in.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
We saw her entering the room.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
（名词）
（形容词）
（副词）
（不定式短语）
（现在分词）
（介词短语）
（从句）
（七）定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers in our school.
（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.
（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
（介词短语）
Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons.
(定语从句)
（八）状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示 ：
Light travels most quickly.
He has lived in the city for ten years.
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.
（副词及副词性词组）
（介词短语）
（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.
Wait a minute.
Once you begin, you must continue.
（分词短语）
（名词）
（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
（时间状语）
（原因状语）
（条件状语）
（地点状语）
（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
She works very hard though she is old.
I am taller than he is.
（伴随状语）
（目的状语）
（结果状语）
（让步状语）
（比较状语）
同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：
This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.
插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe---)等，如：
To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.
练习
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say
15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating How old is he Is he six or seven years old Mary can swim, can’t she
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
（二）简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
（三）并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。
e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。
e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。
e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
简单句
复合句
简单句
简单句
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
并列句
复合句
并列句
复合句
简单句
简单句
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are very well（ ）. I'm fine, but tired（ ）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the hottest month here（ ）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（ ） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（ ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（ ）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（ ）. Every evening we pump water from a well（ ）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（ ）.
复合句
简单句
并列句
简单句
并列句
简单句
并列复合句
简单句
复合句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（ ）. These parties often make us very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（ ）. It's great（ ）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（ ）. Some of my friends drink beer（ ）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（ ）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（ ）. There are five different time areas in the States（ ）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（ ）. How many different time areas do you have in China（ ） Well, I must stop and get some sleep（ ）. Please give my best regards to your parents（ ）.
简单句
复合句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
三、选择填空：
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and B. or C. if D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____
A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he
C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____
A. shan’t we B. shall we C. won’t we D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____
A. do I B. don’t I C. is he D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____
A. will you B. had you
C. shall you D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.
A. then B. but C. and D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.
A. and B. but C. so D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too B. Henry also has not either
C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or B. for
C. while D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home
---- I’d like to go out.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today ”
----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he ---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t B. No, he isn’t C. No, he is D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or B. so C. for D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but B. and C. or D. yet
18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me B. If you would say to me
C. You will tell me D. If you tell me
19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.
A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella.
---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.
A. since B. but C. because D. so
21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn
22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.
---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.
A. and, and B. and, but
C. or, and D. or, but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight ---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived
26. “Can’t you read ” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____ ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
四、按要求完成下列句子：
1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）
2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）
3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________ （完成反意疑问）
won’t there
How long have they lived here
He doesn’t dare to tell the truth.
或He dare not tell the truth.
4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）
5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)
6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）
What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is!
Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening
Be careful with your pronunciation.
7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）
8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________ （完成反意疑问）
could they
How often does this magazine come out
9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）
10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）
10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class
9. How brightly the moon is shining!
Bye-bye!
语法复习----
句子成分
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
二）主语：
主语 (Subiect)
是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
We often speak English in class.
One-third of the students in this class are girls.
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
Smoking does harm to the health.
The rich should help the poor.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
It is necessary to master a foreign language.
（主语从句）
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语
谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every morning.
The plane took off at ten o’clock.
2、复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold.
（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：
We are students.
注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
（四）表语
表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.
（名词）
Is it yours （代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one （数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
The meeting is of great importance.
（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。
1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting.
3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He seems (to be) very sad.
4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如： He became mad after that.
6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如： The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success.
（五）宾语
宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.
（名词）
（代词、动名词）
（名词、数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
He pretended not to see me.
I enjoy listening to popular music.
I think（that）he is fit for his office.
（名词化形容词，名词）
（不定式短语）
（动名词短语）
（宾语从句）
宾语种类：
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如：
He sent the novel to William yesterday.
For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如：
She bought a gift for her mother.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
下列动词只能接不定式做宾语
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, except, fail, help, hope, learn, manage,
offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如：
He refused to lend me his bike.
下列动词只能接动名词做宾语
admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如：
John has admitted breaking the window .
下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。
（六）宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（Object Complement），才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dongming.
They painted their boat white.
Let the fresh air in.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
We saw her entering the room.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
（名词）
（形容词）
（副词）
（不定式短语）
（现在分词）
（介词短语）
（从句）
（七）定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers in our school.
（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.
（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
（介词短语）
Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons.
(定语从句)
（八）状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示 ：
Light travels most quickly.
He has lived in the city for ten years.
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.
（副词及副词性词组）
（介词短语）
（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.
Wait a minute.
Once you begin, you must continue.
（分词短语）
（名词）
（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
（时间状语）
（原因状语）
（条件状语）
（地点状语）
（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
She works very hard though she is old.
I am taller than he is.
（伴随状语）
（目的状语）
（结果状语）
（让步状语）
（比较状语）
同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：
This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.
插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe---)等，如：
To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.
练习
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say
15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating How old is he Is he six or seven years old Mary can swim, can’t she
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
（二）简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
（三）并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。
e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。
e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。
e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
简单句
复合句
简单句
简单句
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
并列句
复合句
并列句
复合句
简单句
简单句
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are very well（ ）. I'm fine, but tired（ ）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the hottest month here（ ）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（ ） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（ ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（ ）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（ ）. Every evening we pump water from a well（ ）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（ ）.
复合句
简单句
并列句
简单句
并列句
简单句
并列复合句
简单句
复合句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（ ）. These parties often make us very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（ ）. It's great（ ）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（ ）. Some of my friends drink beer（ ）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（ ）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（ ）. There are five different time areas in the States（ ）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（ ）. How many different time areas do you have in China（ ） Well, I must stop and get some sleep（ ）. Please give my best regards to your parents（ ）.
简单句
复合句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
简单句
三、选择填空：
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and B. or C. if D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____
A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he
C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____
A. shan’t we B. shall we C. won’t we D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____
A. do I B. don’t I C. is he D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____
A. will you B. had you
C. shall you D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.
A. then B. but C. and D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.
A. and B. but C. so D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too B. Henry also has not either
C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or B. for
C. while D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home
---- I’d like to go out.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today ”
----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he ---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t B. No, he isn’t C. No, he is D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or B. so C. for D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but B. and C. or D. yet
18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me B. If you would say to me
C. You will tell me D. If you tell me
19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.
A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella.
---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.
A. since B. but C. because D. so
21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn
22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.
---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.
A. and, and B. and, but
C. or, and D. or, but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight ---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived
26. “Can’t you read ” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____ ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
四、按要求完成下列句子：
1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）
2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）
3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________ （完成反意疑问）
won’t there
How long have they lived here
He doesn’t dare to tell the truth.
或He dare not tell the truth.
4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）
5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)
6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）
What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is!
Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening
Be careful with your pronunciation.
7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）
8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________ （完成反意疑问）
could they
How often does this magazine come out
9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）
10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）
10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class
9. How brightly the moon is shining!
Bye-bye!