2012年中考英语第一轮复习资料九年级精讲精练Unit09
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| 名称 | 2012年中考英语第一轮复习资料九年级精讲精练Unit09 |  | |
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马石立中学九年级英语第一轮复习资料
――Unit 9 Book9
【词汇检测】
1发明__________2用来做_________3用勺舀________4可调整的_________5后跟_________6电池_________7操作_________8拖鞋_________9电灯_________10电灯炮_________11微波_________12微波炉_________13脆的_________14含盐的_________15酸的_________16错误地_________17厨师_________18撒_________19意外_________20饮料_________21根据_________22古老的_________23传说_________24烧开_________25灌木_________26陷入_________27剩余28生产_________29合意的_________30这样_________31馅饼_________32飞碟_________33面包店_________34投_________35柠檬_________36小舔饼干_________37算盘_________38双筒望远镜_________39百年_________40级别_________41活泼的_________42混合物_________43在户内_________44创造_________45木制的_________46敲打_________47撞上_________48分开_________49目标_________50筐_________51金属_________52铁环_________53射击_________54低于_________55篮板_________56指导_________57向，往_________58球场_________59发展_________60计算器_________61普及_________62rise的过去时_________63世界性的_________64协会_________65装备_________
【短语集中】
1. scoop really cold ice cream2. see in the dark3. shoes with adjustable heels4. by mistake5. by accident6. not salty enough7. make the customer happy8. the history of chips9. sprinkle salt on them10. the most popular drink 11. according to an ancient Chinese legend12. fall into the water13. produce a pleasant smell14. one of the world’s favorite drinks15. flying disk16. boil drinking water 17. over an open fire18. metal pie plate19. in the 1950s20. taste sweet 21. prefer lemons to oranges22. the sour taste23. crispy cookies24. be easily broken25. in the sixth century26. throw the ball to each other 27. for fun and exercise28. during the long winter29. on a hard wooden floor30. move towards one end of the court31. become an Olympic event32. a team from China
【句子再现】
1. When was the car invented It was invented in 1885.
2. What are they used for They’re used for seeing in the dark.
3. What do you think is the most helpful invention I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb.
4. The customer thought the potatoes weren’t thin enough.
5. Mom added salt but it still wasn’t salty enough.
6. She likes crispy cookies. They are hard, dry and easily broken.
7. The abacus was invented in the sixth century by the Chinese.
8. When he was at college, his class was once asked to invent a new game that could be played indoors during the long winters.
9. Dr Naismith created a game to be played on a hard wooden floor, so the safety of the players was important.
10. Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them how to play his new game.
11. The aim of basketball is for players to get a ball into the “basket”: a net hanging from the metal hoop.
12. Players shoot from below the basket and may use the backboard for guiding the ball into the basket.
13. It is believed that on December 21st,1891, the first basketball game in history was played.
14. A team from China took part, and although they didn’t win they used the experience to help develop the game at home.
15. Since then, the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide, and the number of foreign players in America’s NBA has increased.
Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world was invented by accident Although tea wasn’t brought to the western world until 1610, this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that. According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nong discovered tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. Later he decided to taste the hot mixture. It was quite delicious. And in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented.
【疑点注释】
1. They’re used for seeing in the dark. (P69)它们被用于在黑夜里观看。
be used for表示“被用来做……”，介词for表示目的和用途，后面接名词或动词-ing形式。
Wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用来造纸。
知识拓展
含有be used的常用短语：
◎be used as表示“被用作……”，介词as意思是“作为”的意思，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。
This book can be used as a textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。
◎be used by表示“被……使用”，by后接动作的执行者。
This kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.
农民们用这种机器来收割庄稼。
2. I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb. (P70)我认为最有用的发明是灯泡。
helpful是由名词help加上-ful后缀构成的形容词，意为“有帮助的”，类似的形容词还有：
thank—thankful (感谢的，感激的) grate—grateful(感谢的，感激的)
use—useful (有用的) wonder—wonderful(令人惊奇的)
forget—forgetful (健忘的) success—successful(成功的)
beauty—beautiful (美丽的) pain—painful(疼痛的)
3. I’d like to have a radio because I could listen to music all day. (P70)我想有一个收音机，这样我就可以整天听音乐了。
本句中的情态动词could用来表示逻辑上或理论上的可能性，而不是某种实际上将要发生或正在发生的可能性。
Anybody could make mistake.任何人都可能犯错误。
The weather here could be very cold in winter. 冬天这儿的天气很冷。
特别提示
could也表示人或动物的内在能力，有某种知识或者技能而能够做某事。
He hurt his foot and couldn’t play soccer. 他的脚受了伤，所以他不能踢足球了。
4. The potato chips were invented by mistake. (P71)土豆条的发明纯属歪打正着。
(1) potato chips是一个复合名词，其中第一个名词用作定语修饰后一个名词，这样的例子有很多，又如: alarm clock, telephone number等。
知识拓展
复合名词变复数的规则，你一定要牢记啊！
◎通常只把主体名词变为复数
school boy—school boys(男生) apple tree—apple trees(苹果树)
vegetable sandwich—vegetable sandwiches(蔬菜三明治)
girl friend—girl friends（女朋友）
◎如果没有主体名词，在最后一个名词上用复数。
good-for-nothing—good-for-nothings（饭桶、无用的人）
three-year-old—three-year-olds（三岁的孩子）
◎由man, woman和另外一个名词构成的复合名词，两个部分都要用复数。
man teacher—men teachers(男教师)
gentleman farmer—gentlemen farmers （乡绅）
(2)by mistake 表示“错误地（因粗心、遗忘等所致）”。
Sorry, I took your bag by mistake. 对不起，我错拿了你的手提包。
短语链语
mistake ... for “错把……当作……”
5. George Crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. (P71)George Crum将它们做了很长时间，直到它们变脆了。
until常用作介词或连词，用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。
◎在肯定句中，until与延续性、持续性动词连用，表示“直到……为止”。
I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。
◎在否定句中，until常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用，表示“直到……才……”，“不到……不……”。
The rain didn’t stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。
I won’t leave until you promise to help me. 你不答应帮助我，我不会离开。
6. And he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were salty. (P71) 然后，他在上面撒很多盐，这样它们就咸了。
(1)sprinkle 是“撒、洒”的意思，常构成sprinkle A on/over B 或sprinkle B with A表示“撒(某物)于(某物的表面)”。
She sprinkled sand along the icy path. 她往结冰的路上撒了些沙子。
He sprinkled vinegar on his fish and chips. 他往鱼和土豆上洒了些醋。
(2)salt是不可数名词，其形容词是salty。在英语中，很多名词后加-y可以构成形容词，表示“充满/包含……”，其意思与原来词汇的意思相同，只是词性不同，如cloud—cloudy, hair—hairy, rose—rosy, sleep—sleepy等。
7. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. (P72)附近丛林里的一些树叶掉进了水里，并留在那里很长时间。
(1) fall into在这里是“落入、陷入”的意思。
Some ash fell into my cup. 一些灰掉进我的杯子里了。
A ripe fruit happened to fall into his hand. 一个熟了的果子碰巧掉在他手里。
(2)fall into有时也可以作“开始”解。
He fell into conversation with me. 他开始和我谈起话来。
(3)remain 表示“继续、依然、停留”，后面接名词，动词不定式。
He remained a prisoner for the rest of his life. 他的余生都在牢中度过。
It sounds a good idea, but it remains to be seen whether it will succeed.听起来这是个好注意，可是它能否成功，要等以后才能知晓。
(4)remain后面也可以接副词或介词短语。
She remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。
Three out of four of them remained single. 他们四个人中有三个人还是单身。
特别提示
remain还有“剩下、残余”的意思。
I can’t go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone.
我不能去看电影，因为我还有很多作业未做。
8. And in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. (P72)就这样，世界上最受欢迎的一种饮料产生了。
本句中的in the way意为“就这样”，“以这种方式”。
The song was composed in this way. 这首歌就这样被创作出来了。
In this way, you will find the answer to this question.
用这种方法，你可以找到这个问题的答案。
知识拓展
way主要有以下几种用法：
◎表示“方法”，接不定式，...way to do sth这一结构等于...way of doing sth。
Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent(of preventing) disease.
科学家们正在寻找预防疾病的方法。
There are many ways of traveling(to travel), for example, by air.
旅行有许多方式，例如乘飞机。
◎表示“路途”，“路线”，常构成on one’s/the way to...“在……的途中”。在这一结构中，介词to表示方向，后接名词。如果后面接地点副词如here, there, home时则不用to。
I’m on my way home.我正在回家的路上。
She’s on her way to see the film.她正在去看电影的路上。
◎表示“方向”。
Look this way.看这边。
Go that way.往那边走。
◎表示“距离”，“路程”。
Beijing is a long way from here.北京离这里很远。
9. Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams, and taught them how to play his new game. (P74)奈斯密斯医生把他的学生分成两组，并教他们如何玩他的新游戏。
本句中的divide...into是动介短语，与separate...into同义，意为“把……划分成”，其中divide是及物动词。
My father divided the cake into four pieces. 我爸爸把蛋糕分成4块。
We divided ourselves into small groups to carry out the plan.
我们分成几个小组来执行这个计划。
10. It is believed that on December 21?st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. (P74)人们认为1891年12月21日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。
(1)本句中的It is believed that... 相当于people believe that...是“人们相信/认为”的意思，that引导的是主语从句。
It is believed that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.
=People believe that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.人们都认为到2010年，世界人口将达到七十亿。
(2)believe意为“相信”，“认为”，一般表示相信某人是诚实的或某事是真实的，后面可以接名词、代词、从句或复合结构作宾语。
I just could not believe my eyes. 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。
Scientists believe that whales can live for twenty to thirty years.
科学家们认为鲸可以活二十到三十年。
◎believe可以用于被动语态。
They are believed to have discussed this problem.据说，这个他们已经讨论过了。
特别提示
believe与believe in的含义不同。
◎believe in意为“信奉、信仰”，后面常接表示真理或宗教一类的名词，也可作“信任、信赖”解。
My grandpa believes in Buddhism. 我爷爷信奉佛教。
I can’t believe in his honesty. 我不相信他诚实。
【考点归纳】
1. 被动语态
(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。
(2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词
(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词
与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词
(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句
末，by 表示“由，被”的意思
如何理解被动语态？
为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。
主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分
被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分
如： Many people speak English.
被动语态 English is spoken by many people.
2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus
3. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词
4. be used for doing用来做…(是被动语态) 如：
Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。 Pens aren’t used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。
5. 给某人某样东西
give sth. to sb. 如：I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。
give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。
6. all day 整天
7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐
8. by mistake 错误地 如：
I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。
9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使…怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴
make sb./sth. +名词 让…做… It made me laugh. 它让我发笑
10. by accident 意外 偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop.
我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。
11. not…until… 直到…才做… 如：
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。
12. according to +名词 根据… 如： according to an legend
according to this article根据这篇文章 根据一个神话
13. over an open fire 野饮
14. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves
15. nearby adj. 附近的 如： the nearby river
16. fall into 落入 掉进 如：The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如：She fell down from her bike.
她从她自行车摔倒了。
17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面
如： quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩
very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面
如： a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩
注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如：
I am very happy.=== I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。
18. in the way 这样
19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快
pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快
please v. 使高兴 使同意
20. battery—operated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词
21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪
22. travel around 周游
23. more than === over 超过 如： more than 300 == over 300 超过300
24. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用
如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。
25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词
26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生
27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的
28. knock into 撞上(某人)
29. divide sth. into … 将…划分成..
通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如：
Let’s divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。
30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如：
Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。
【限时阅读】
It’s lunchtime . You’re hungry and want to get your favourite meal in the restaurant , but there are a lot of people waiting at the door . Don’t worry –in cyberworld (网络世界) , you can get your meal just by a few clicks .
“Shopping has never been so easy . With just a single click on your mouse , anything that you ordered online can be taken to our door in no time ,”said Bian Jing , who is twenty years old .She took part in an online survival(生存) competition held in Beijing .Each competitor had to buy enough food and drink online to last them for 100 hours using the little money given.
“I don’t want to spend too much time shopping , so I would do it online rather than in an ordinary store ,”said a girl from a middle school .“It’s easy to find the things you want online .”
The shoppers who go online can also find lower prices and wider choices of things they want to buy .But many teachers and parents are worried that the online shopping is becoming too popular .
“It’s not a good way for middle school students to spend their money from their parents ,”said a teacher .“I don’t like them to shop online .”
“There’s also the danger that they’ll lose the money at online stores because some of them just want to cheat shoppers , ”another teacher said.
Most parents , though , don’t want to pay the bills when their children spend too much on the Internet .“I hate having to pay unexpected bills ,”said a father .“But my son always surprises me with them .” (294 words 10 minutes)
1.Please give a suitable title to this passage . ________________________________________
2.What was the online survival competition about ________________________________________
3.Tell at least two of the advantages (优点) of online shopping .
___________________________________________________________________
4.Why did the father say like that ___________________________________________________
5.Would you like to do some shopping online Why or why not
___________________________________________________________________
【话题训练】
A: Good morning. ___1___
B: Yes, please. I am looking for a mobile phone, but I have no idea.
A: We have got all kinds of mobile phones here, which do you prefer, Siemens, Nokia or Motorola
B: I really know little about them. Which one sells best these days
A: Mm….. ____2___.
B: How much is Motorola
A: ___3___. The newer, the more expensive.
B: _____4___.
A: What about this one It looks nice and works well.
B: ___5__.
A: 1,000 yuan.
B: Any discount How about 850 yuan
A: ____6___. That’s the best we can do. Ok
B. Ok. I will take it. Thank you. (3 minutes)
A. Motorola is more popular, I think. B. I want one, newer but too expensive.
C. I have to ask for 900 yuan. D. Can I help you
E. What type would you like F. How much is it
――Unit 9 Book9
【词汇检测】
1发明__________2用来做_________3用勺舀________4可调整的_________5后跟_________6电池_________7操作_________8拖鞋_________9电灯_________10电灯炮_________11微波_________12微波炉_________13脆的_________14含盐的_________15酸的_________16错误地_________17厨师_________18撒_________19意外_________20饮料_________21根据_________22古老的_________23传说_________24烧开_________25灌木_________26陷入_________27剩余28生产_________29合意的_________30这样_________31馅饼_________32飞碟_________33面包店_________34投_________35柠檬_________36小舔饼干_________37算盘_________38双筒望远镜_________39百年_________40级别_________41活泼的_________42混合物_________43在户内_________44创造_________45木制的_________46敲打_________47撞上_________48分开_________49目标_________50筐_________51金属_________52铁环_________53射击_________54低于_________55篮板_________56指导_________57向，往_________58球场_________59发展_________60计算器_________61普及_________62rise的过去时_________63世界性的_________64协会_________65装备_________
【短语集中】
1. scoop really cold ice cream2. see in the dark3. shoes with adjustable heels4. by mistake5. by accident6. not salty enough7. make the customer happy8. the history of chips9. sprinkle salt on them10. the most popular drink 11. according to an ancient Chinese legend12. fall into the water13. produce a pleasant smell14. one of the world’s favorite drinks15. flying disk16. boil drinking water 17. over an open fire18. metal pie plate19. in the 1950s20. taste sweet 21. prefer lemons to oranges22. the sour taste23. crispy cookies24. be easily broken25. in the sixth century26. throw the ball to each other 27. for fun and exercise28. during the long winter29. on a hard wooden floor30. move towards one end of the court31. become an Olympic event32. a team from China
【句子再现】
1. When was the car invented It was invented in 1885.
2. What are they used for They’re used for seeing in the dark.
3. What do you think is the most helpful invention I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb.
4. The customer thought the potatoes weren’t thin enough.
5. Mom added salt but it still wasn’t salty enough.
6. She likes crispy cookies. They are hard, dry and easily broken.
7. The abacus was invented in the sixth century by the Chinese.
8. When he was at college, his class was once asked to invent a new game that could be played indoors during the long winters.
9. Dr Naismith created a game to be played on a hard wooden floor, so the safety of the players was important.
10. Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them how to play his new game.
11. The aim of basketball is for players to get a ball into the “basket”: a net hanging from the metal hoop.
12. Players shoot from below the basket and may use the backboard for guiding the ball into the basket.
13. It is believed that on December 21st,1891, the first basketball game in history was played.
14. A team from China took part, and although they didn’t win they used the experience to help develop the game at home.
15. Since then, the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide, and the number of foreign players in America’s NBA has increased.
Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world was invented by accident Although tea wasn’t brought to the western world until 1610, this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that. According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nong discovered tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. Later he decided to taste the hot mixture. It was quite delicious. And in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented.
【疑点注释】
1. They’re used for seeing in the dark. (P69)它们被用于在黑夜里观看。
be used for表示“被用来做……”，介词for表示目的和用途，后面接名词或动词-ing形式。
Wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用来造纸。
知识拓展
含有be used的常用短语：
◎be used as表示“被用作……”，介词as意思是“作为”的意思，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。
This book can be used as a textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。
◎be used by表示“被……使用”，by后接动作的执行者。
This kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.
农民们用这种机器来收割庄稼。
2. I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb. (P70)我认为最有用的发明是灯泡。
helpful是由名词help加上-ful后缀构成的形容词，意为“有帮助的”，类似的形容词还有：
thank—thankful (感谢的，感激的) grate—grateful(感谢的，感激的)
use—useful (有用的) wonder—wonderful(令人惊奇的)
forget—forgetful (健忘的) success—successful(成功的)
beauty—beautiful (美丽的) pain—painful(疼痛的)
3. I’d like to have a radio because I could listen to music all day. (P70)我想有一个收音机，这样我就可以整天听音乐了。
本句中的情态动词could用来表示逻辑上或理论上的可能性，而不是某种实际上将要发生或正在发生的可能性。
Anybody could make mistake.任何人都可能犯错误。
The weather here could be very cold in winter. 冬天这儿的天气很冷。
特别提示
could也表示人或动物的内在能力，有某种知识或者技能而能够做某事。
He hurt his foot and couldn’t play soccer. 他的脚受了伤，所以他不能踢足球了。
4. The potato chips were invented by mistake. (P71)土豆条的发明纯属歪打正着。
(1) potato chips是一个复合名词，其中第一个名词用作定语修饰后一个名词，这样的例子有很多，又如: alarm clock, telephone number等。
知识拓展
复合名词变复数的规则，你一定要牢记啊！
◎通常只把主体名词变为复数
school boy—school boys(男生) apple tree—apple trees(苹果树)
vegetable sandwich—vegetable sandwiches(蔬菜三明治)
girl friend—girl friends（女朋友）
◎如果没有主体名词，在最后一个名词上用复数。
good-for-nothing—good-for-nothings（饭桶、无用的人）
three-year-old—three-year-olds（三岁的孩子）
◎由man, woman和另外一个名词构成的复合名词，两个部分都要用复数。
man teacher—men teachers(男教师)
gentleman farmer—gentlemen farmers （乡绅）
(2)by mistake 表示“错误地（因粗心、遗忘等所致）”。
Sorry, I took your bag by mistake. 对不起，我错拿了你的手提包。
短语链语
mistake ... for “错把……当作……”
5. George Crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. (P71)George Crum将它们做了很长时间，直到它们变脆了。
until常用作介词或连词，用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。
◎在肯定句中，until与延续性、持续性动词连用，表示“直到……为止”。
I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。
◎在否定句中，until常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用，表示“直到……才……”，“不到……不……”。
The rain didn’t stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。
I won’t leave until you promise to help me. 你不答应帮助我，我不会离开。
6. And he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were salty. (P71) 然后，他在上面撒很多盐，这样它们就咸了。
(1)sprinkle 是“撒、洒”的意思，常构成sprinkle A on/over B 或sprinkle B with A表示“撒(某物)于(某物的表面)”。
She sprinkled sand along the icy path. 她往结冰的路上撒了些沙子。
He sprinkled vinegar on his fish and chips. 他往鱼和土豆上洒了些醋。
(2)salt是不可数名词，其形容词是salty。在英语中，很多名词后加-y可以构成形容词，表示“充满/包含……”，其意思与原来词汇的意思相同，只是词性不同，如cloud—cloudy, hair—hairy, rose—rosy, sleep—sleepy等。
7. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. (P72)附近丛林里的一些树叶掉进了水里，并留在那里很长时间。
(1) fall into在这里是“落入、陷入”的意思。
Some ash fell into my cup. 一些灰掉进我的杯子里了。
A ripe fruit happened to fall into his hand. 一个熟了的果子碰巧掉在他手里。
(2)fall into有时也可以作“开始”解。
He fell into conversation with me. 他开始和我谈起话来。
(3)remain 表示“继续、依然、停留”，后面接名词，动词不定式。
He remained a prisoner for the rest of his life. 他的余生都在牢中度过。
It sounds a good idea, but it remains to be seen whether it will succeed.听起来这是个好注意，可是它能否成功，要等以后才能知晓。
(4)remain后面也可以接副词或介词短语。
She remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。
Three out of four of them remained single. 他们四个人中有三个人还是单身。
特别提示
remain还有“剩下、残余”的意思。
I can’t go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone.
我不能去看电影，因为我还有很多作业未做。
8. And in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. (P72)就这样，世界上最受欢迎的一种饮料产生了。
本句中的in the way意为“就这样”，“以这种方式”。
The song was composed in this way. 这首歌就这样被创作出来了。
In this way, you will find the answer to this question.
用这种方法，你可以找到这个问题的答案。
知识拓展
way主要有以下几种用法：
◎表示“方法”，接不定式，...way to do sth这一结构等于...way of doing sth。
Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent(of preventing) disease.
科学家们正在寻找预防疾病的方法。
There are many ways of traveling(to travel), for example, by air.
旅行有许多方式，例如乘飞机。
◎表示“路途”，“路线”，常构成on one’s/the way to...“在……的途中”。在这一结构中，介词to表示方向，后接名词。如果后面接地点副词如here, there, home时则不用to。
I’m on my way home.我正在回家的路上。
She’s on her way to see the film.她正在去看电影的路上。
◎表示“方向”。
Look this way.看这边。
Go that way.往那边走。
◎表示“距离”，“路程”。
Beijing is a long way from here.北京离这里很远。
9. Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams, and taught them how to play his new game. (P74)奈斯密斯医生把他的学生分成两组，并教他们如何玩他的新游戏。
本句中的divide...into是动介短语，与separate...into同义，意为“把……划分成”，其中divide是及物动词。
My father divided the cake into four pieces. 我爸爸把蛋糕分成4块。
We divided ourselves into small groups to carry out the plan.
我们分成几个小组来执行这个计划。
10. It is believed that on December 21?st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. (P74)人们认为1891年12月21日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。
(1)本句中的It is believed that... 相当于people believe that...是“人们相信/认为”的意思，that引导的是主语从句。
It is believed that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.
=People believe that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.人们都认为到2010年，世界人口将达到七十亿。
(2)believe意为“相信”，“认为”，一般表示相信某人是诚实的或某事是真实的，后面可以接名词、代词、从句或复合结构作宾语。
I just could not believe my eyes. 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。
Scientists believe that whales can live for twenty to thirty years.
科学家们认为鲸可以活二十到三十年。
◎believe可以用于被动语态。
They are believed to have discussed this problem.据说，这个他们已经讨论过了。
特别提示
believe与believe in的含义不同。
◎believe in意为“信奉、信仰”，后面常接表示真理或宗教一类的名词，也可作“信任、信赖”解。
My grandpa believes in Buddhism. 我爷爷信奉佛教。
I can’t believe in his honesty. 我不相信他诚实。
【考点归纳】
1. 被动语态
(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。
(2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词
(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词
与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词
(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句
末，by 表示“由，被”的意思
如何理解被动语态？
为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。
主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分
被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分
如： Many people speak English.
被动语态 English is spoken by many people.
2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus
3. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词
4. be used for doing用来做…(是被动语态) 如：
Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。 Pens aren’t used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。
5. 给某人某样东西
give sth. to sb. 如：I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。
give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。
6. all day 整天
7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐
8. by mistake 错误地 如：
I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。
9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使…怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴
make sb./sth. +名词 让…做… It made me laugh. 它让我发笑
10. by accident 意外 偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop.
我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。
11. not…until… 直到…才做… 如：
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。
12. according to +名词 根据… 如： according to an legend
according to this article根据这篇文章 根据一个神话
13. over an open fire 野饮
14. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves
15. nearby adj. 附近的 如： the nearby river
16. fall into 落入 掉进 如：The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如：She fell down from her bike.
她从她自行车摔倒了。
17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面
如： quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩
very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面
如： a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩
注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如：
I am very happy.=== I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。
18. in the way 这样
19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快
pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快
please v. 使高兴 使同意
20. battery—operated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词
21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪
22. travel around 周游
23. more than === over 超过 如： more than 300 == over 300 超过300
24. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用
如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。
25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词
26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生
27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的
28. knock into 撞上(某人)
29. divide sth. into … 将…划分成..
通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如：
Let’s divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。
30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如：
Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。
【限时阅读】
It’s lunchtime . You’re hungry and want to get your favourite meal in the restaurant , but there are a lot of people waiting at the door . Don’t worry –in cyberworld (网络世界) , you can get your meal just by a few clicks .
“Shopping has never been so easy . With just a single click on your mouse , anything that you ordered online can be taken to our door in no time ,”said Bian Jing , who is twenty years old .She took part in an online survival(生存) competition held in Beijing .Each competitor had to buy enough food and drink online to last them for 100 hours using the little money given.
“I don’t want to spend too much time shopping , so I would do it online rather than in an ordinary store ,”said a girl from a middle school .“It’s easy to find the things you want online .”
The shoppers who go online can also find lower prices and wider choices of things they want to buy .But many teachers and parents are worried that the online shopping is becoming too popular .
“It’s not a good way for middle school students to spend their money from their parents ,”said a teacher .“I don’t like them to shop online .”
“There’s also the danger that they’ll lose the money at online stores because some of them just want to cheat shoppers , ”another teacher said.
Most parents , though , don’t want to pay the bills when their children spend too much on the Internet .“I hate having to pay unexpected bills ,”said a father .“But my son always surprises me with them .” (294 words 10 minutes)
1.Please give a suitable title to this passage . ________________________________________
2.What was the online survival competition about ________________________________________
3.Tell at least two of the advantages (优点) of online shopping .
___________________________________________________________________
4.Why did the father say like that ___________________________________________________
5.Would you like to do some shopping online Why or why not
___________________________________________________________________
【话题训练】
A: Good morning. ___1___
B: Yes, please. I am looking for a mobile phone, but I have no idea.
A: We have got all kinds of mobile phones here, which do you prefer, Siemens, Nokia or Motorola
B: I really know little about them. Which one sells best these days
A: Mm….. ____2___.
B: How much is Motorola
A: ___3___. The newer, the more expensive.
B: _____4___.
A: What about this one It looks nice and works well.
B: ___5__.
A: 1,000 yuan.
B: Any discount How about 850 yuan
A: ____6___. That’s the best we can do. Ok
B. Ok. I will take it. Thank you. (3 minutes)
A. Motorola is more popular, I think. B. I want one, newer but too expensive.
C. I have to ask for 900 yuan. D. Can I help you
E. What type would you like F. How much is it