2012年中考英语第一轮复习资料九年级精讲精练Unit12

马石立中学九年级英语第一轮复习资料
――Unit 12 Book9
【词汇检测】
1摇动_________2握手_________3风俗_________4鞠躬_________5亲吻_________6放松的_________7哥伦比亚_________8顺便拜访_________9瑞士_________10国土_________11毕竟_________12秘鲁_________13对于，关于_________14问候_________15擦_________16餐巾_________17发出令人不愉快的声音_________18刺_________19粗鲁的_________20指向_________21礼貌_________22餐桌礼仪_________23习惯于_________24餐叉_________25饱的_________26大腿_________27肘部_________28逐渐地_________29词组_________30独特的_________31恭维_________32敬酒_________33不熟悉的_________34匙_________35刀具_________36挤满_________37垃圾_________38寻找_________39聊天热线_________40在线的_________41打字_________42主要地_________43构成_________44短语_________45同音异形异意词_________46结合_________47象征_________48缩略词________49构成_________50感情_________51自学_________52冒号_________53括号_________54在…附近_________55电子邮件_________56谜语_________57不怕麻烦地做某事___________________58实验_________59合适的_________60使高兴的_________61一队人_________62正常地_________63使某人感到宾至如归____________________64谁的_________65结合，组合___________66象征，符号___________67标点符号_________68记号__________
【短语集中】
1. shake hands with sb. 2. meet someone for the first time 3. arrive late = be late 4. greet sb.5. wear the wrong clothes 6. invite sb.for 7:007. talk at the table 8. make some mistakes 9. eat the wrong food 10. arrive at 7:00 11. be supposed to 12. go to one’s house for dinner 13. walk around the town center 14. see as many of one’s friends as possible 15. drop by 16. make plans to do 17. make noise18. arrive a bit late 19. after all 20. the land of watches 21.22. have pretty relaxed rules 23. be on time 24. make plans with friends 25. greet teachers 26. give gifts 27. eat with one’s hands 28. pick up one’s bowl of rice 29. take a drink 30. start eating first 31. be polite to sb. 32. be rude to sb.
【句子再现】
1. In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time You are supposed to shake hands.
2. Spending time with family and friends is very import to us.
3. In Switzerland it’s very important to be on time.
4. Also, we never visit a friend’s house without calling first.
5. In Brazil, you should wipe your mouth with your napkin every time you take a drink.
6. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me like it used to .
7. As you can imagine, things are really different from the way they are at home.
8. I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now I’m used to it.
9. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to things and don’t find them so strange any more. I’ll write soon and tell you more about life in France. Hope you’re having a good school year.
【疑点注释】
1. You’re supposed to shake hands.(P94)你们应该握手。
be supposed to用来表示根据规定或按照法律人们不得不做的事，或期待将要发生的事，与should相似，后面也是接动词原形。否定形式在be动词后加not，常表示禁止做某事。
We’re supposed to make no noise in class. 在课堂上我们不该发出噪音。
We’re supposed to start work at 8∶00 every morning.
我们应该每天早晨八点开始工作。
2. Spending time with family and friends is very important to us. (P96)与家人和朋友共度时光对我们非常重要。
Spending time with family and friends 是动名词短语，在本句中作主语。动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如果是并列的动名词（短语）作主句时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Reading in bed is not good for your eyes. 在床上看书对眼睛不好。
Reading and writing take me a lot of time. 读书写作花了我不少时间。
不定式（短语）也可作主语，两者的区别在“语法天地”中有详解。
3. We’re the land of watches, after all! (P96)毕竟我们是手表的国度。
句中的land意为“国土”，“国家”。它还可以表示 “陆地”，与河流和海洋相对；也可以表示“土地”，可耕种的田地就叫做land。
We traveled by land until we reached the sea.我们沿陆路旅行，直到看见大海。
All the waste land in this area has been opened up.这个地区的荒地全被开垦了。
知识拓展
与“土地”，“地”相关的词语还有earth, soil和ground。
◎ earth意为“地”，“地球”，“泥土”。它着重指“大地”，区别于“天空”。
The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
◎ soil意为“土地”，“土壤”，尤指生长植物的土地。
The soil is very thin in the forest.森林里土层非常薄。
◎ ground意为“地”，“地面”，主要指大地表面。不论是泥地，沙地或水泥地，均可用这个词表示；也可以用来指运动场地。
The ground is covered with leaves in the woods.树林里的地面上落满了树叶。
4. You’re not supposed to make noise while eating noodles. (P97)吃面条的时候你不应该弄出响声来。
句中的while eating noodles是while接从句的省略形式，该句完整形式是while you are eating noodles。由while和when引导的时间状语从句，如果主语和主句的主语相同，从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。
While/When (she was)leaving the house, she was heard to make some commonplace remark to her husband.有人听到她在离开房间时同他的丈夫寒暄。
5. It’s rude to point at anyone with your chopsticks. (P97)用筷子指着别人是无礼的。
本句是主系表结构，不定式短语是真正的主语，it是形式主语。句中point意为“指”，“指向”，常构成短语point at, point to和point out。
◎point to和point at都含有“指着”的意思，两者一般可以互换。
The teacher is pointing at/to the map on the wall.老师指着墙上的地图。
◎但主语是事物时，一般用point to作谓语。point at可以分开使用，即point后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，再跟介词at表示方向，意为“把……指向”，而point to却不能分开使用。
The soldier pointed his gun at the doctor.士兵用枪指着医生。
◎point out意为“指出”，其中out是副词。如果它后面的宾语是代词，则必须把该宾语放在out之前。
Please point out the mistakes in my composition.请指出我作文中的错误。
Luckily， the man knew Mr Green and pointed him out to us.
幸好这个人认识格林先生，于是便把他指给我们看。
6. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me like it used to. (P98)虽然我还是出了不少错，但它（法语）不像以前那样让我烦恼。
（1）mistake意为“错误”，“过失”，可数名词，常指由于认识，理解或判断上的失误造成行为或看法上的错误，也指因粗心，疏忽，技术不熟练等而犯的错误。通常与make连用构成make mistakes/a mistake“出错”，“犯错误”。
Anyone can make a mistake. 人人都会犯错误。
He only made two mistakes in grammar today. 他今天只犯了两个语法错误。
（2）bother 意思是“烦扰，打扰”，常用作及物动词。
Hot weather bothers me. 炎热的天气使我烦恼。
7. I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to things, and don’t find them so strange any more. (P98)我发现将这一切全记住很难，但慢慢就对这些东西习惯了，也就不再觉得它们很怪异了。
（1）find it difficult to remember everything中的it是形式宾语，动词不定式短语是真正的宾语，形容词difficult是宾补。
I found it hard to do the work all by myself.我发现独自一人干这活很难。
I think it useful to read English in the morning. 我认为早晨读英语很有用。
（2）be used to sth/doing(sth)是中学英语学习中的重点、难点，也是中考考点。常与used to do sth和be used to do sth一起进行考查。
◎be used to是“习惯于”的意思，可用于各种时态。其中to是介词，后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
She isn’t used to living in the country.她不习惯住在乡下。
We’ve been used to hard work.我们已经习惯干累活了。
◎强调界限性的状态，说明从不习惯到习惯时，常在used前面用get或become代替be。这种现象尤其常见于将来时态和完成时态中。
You will soon get used to the weather here.你很快就会习惯这里的天气的。
◎有时be used to do是动词use的被动语态形式，意为“被用来……”。在这种结构里，to是动词不定式符号。
Man-made satellites are used to send and receive TV programs.
人造卫星用来发射和接收电视节目。
Steel may be used to make machines.钢可以用来制造机器。
8. Questions crowded my mind. (P99)我的脑海涌现出一些疑问。
crowd表示“大量涌入”，在此句中的crowd是比喻用法， 含义是“涌入”。
Disturbing thoughts crowded into my mind. 我心乱如麻。
Tourists crowded the beach. 游客挤满了海滩。
9. ...your teachers will not be pleased if you write e-mail English in a test!(P101)……如果你在测试中用电子邮件英语老师会不高兴的。
please“使高兴”，相关词语有pleased, pleasure与pleasant。
Does the cloth please you 这布料合你的意吗？
The Emperor was pleased by what the Minister told him about the cloth.
听了大臣关于布料的禀报，皇帝非常高兴。
【友情链接】这四个词都有“满意”，“高兴”的意思，但词性和用法不相同。
◎ please是动词，可用作及物动词或不及物动词，表示“（使）高兴，满意，愉快”。
◎ pleased是过去分词，意为“感到高兴（满意）”，其作用相当于形容词，常与be连用，后接介词at, with, by等引起的短语，还可接动词不定式或that从句。
◎ pleasure是名词，表示“高兴”，“快乐”，“娱乐”时，为不可数名词；表示“乐趣，高兴的事”时，为可数名词。如：It is one of my greatest pleasures.它是我最大的乐趣之一。
◎pleasant是形容词，意为“使人感到愉快（满意）”，一般用作定语。如主语指物，也可用作表语。
10. seat与 sit“坐”不同
◎ seat通常用作及物动词，与反身代词连用，或用be seated这一形式（这种用法不如sit普通），seat还可作“能坐……人”解，主语往往是地方。
Be seated, everybody!大家请坐吧。
That cinema can seat 2,000 people.那家电影院能坐两千人。
◎ sit通常作不及物动词，不需要宾语。
In the bus we sat together.在公共汽车里我们坐在一起。
【考点归纳】
1. be supposed to do .　应该　如： We are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。
　知识拓展　表示应该的词有：should, ought to ,be supposed to
2. shake hands　握手　　shake 本意是“摇动、震动”
3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.
你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是
“情态动词＋现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做
如：She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。（没有去）
4. be relaxed about sth.　对某事随意、不严格　如：
　　They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。
5. pretty 　adv. 相当,很＝very　She is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。
adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。
6. make plans to do == plan to do. 打算做某事　如：
　She has made plans to go to Beijing.==She has planed to go to Beijing.
7. drop by 访问　看望　拜访　串门
　　We just dropped by our friends’ homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。
8. on time 按时
9.　after all 毕竟　终究　如：　　　You see I was right after all.你看，毕竟还是我对了。
10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事　如：
　　　Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。
11. without 没有
12. around the world == all over the world 全世界
13. pick up 捡起　挑选　如：He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。
14. start doing == start to do 开始做某事　如
　　He started reading.== He started to read. 他开始读。
15. point at 指向　
16. stick v. 剌　截　　n. 棒，棍　
chopstick 筷子　是由chop(砍)＋stick(棒)合成，通常用复数形式：chopsticks
17. go out of one’s way to do 特意，专门做某事　如：
　　He went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。
18. make mistakes 犯错误（复数）make a mistake 犯错误（一个）
19. be different from 与…不同　　如：
　　　Chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同.
20. get/be used to sth. 习惯于…
get/be used to doing　习惯于…
　be used to do 　　被用于做…
be used for doing　被用于做…
used to do 过去常常做…　如：
I wash clothes everyday. But I’m used to it.
我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了
I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。
The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。
The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。
　 She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。
21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。
I find it difficult to remember everything.
形式宾语　　 真正宾语
常见的形式宾语有：　　find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如：
　 I think it hard to study English.
22. cut up 切开　切碎　如：Let’s cut up the water melon. 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。
23. make a toast 敬酒
24. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是：crowded
25. set n. 一套　　v. 设置
26. can’t stop doing 忍不住做某事　I can’t stop laughing. 我忍不住笑
27. make faces　做鬼脸　　
28. face to face 面对面
29. learn…by oneself 自学　如：　　　I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。
【限时阅读】
Dinner customs are different around the world. If you are a guest in Ghana( 加纳), this information will help you a lot.
In Ghana, dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no strict rules about time. Whenever a guest arrives, a family offers food. When you go to a home, the person who receives guests takes you to the living room first. At this time everyone welcomes you. Then you go to the dinning room. There you wash your hands in a bowl of water. All the food is on the table.
In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers. You eat from the same dish as everyone else .But you eat from one side of the dish only. It is not polite to get food from the other side of the dish. After dinner, you wash your hands again in a bowl of water.
Most meals in Ghana have a dish called fufu. People in Ghana make fufu from the powder(粉末) of some plants. Sometimes they cut the fufu with a saw(锯子) because it is very hard. You must chew fufu well, or you may get sick. You eat fufu with the fingers of your right hand only. (227 words 4 minutes)
( ) 1.From the passage we know that in Ghana ______________.
A. the rules for dinner time are not strict B. dinner is always at six in the evening
C. a family offers food only at four in the afternoon
D. people usually invite their guests to dinner late in the evening
( ) 2.If you are a dinner guest in Ghana, the host (主人) always takes you to _______.
A. the dining room first B. the living room first C. the kitchen first D. the garden first
( ) 3.People in Ghana usually eat ________.
A. from one side of a dish to the other B. from the other side of the dish
C. with their fingers D. with their spoons
( ) 4.In fact, most dishes in Ghana _______.
A. are cooked with the powder of some plants B. have fufu in them
C. are too hard to eat D. are not very hard
( ) 5.When you eat fufu, you’d better _________.
A. cut it with a saw B. use your right hand only C. chew it well D. all of the above
【话题训练】
请用80词写一篇关于中国的风俗习惯及餐桌礼仪的文章。
1-5 ABCDD