2012年中考英语第一轮复习资料九年级精讲精练Unit15

中考阶段复习――Unit 15 Book9
【词汇检测】
1海牛_________2毛皮的_________3巨大的_________4好玩的_________5挑衅的_________6灰色的_________7有斑点的_________8袋鼠_________9黑猩猩_________10猎豹_________11红树_________12沼泽_________13生长环境_________14水生的_________15在水下的_________16植物_________17称_________18磅_________19发觉_________20被污染的_________21现在进行时_________22一般现在时_________23动词原形_________24被动语态_________25现在完成时_________26合适的_________27极小的_________28笼子_________29厌恶的_________30教育_________31关怀_________32强烈要求_________33表达_________34再回收利用_________35原料_________36拉_________37胶水_________38顶_________39丢弃_________40瓦片_________41围墙_________42金属罐_________43最近_________44行星_________45社会_________46灵感_________47筹集_________48物质_________49商业_________50塑料_________51自豪的_________
【短语集中】
1. be the same as2. in some ways3. be like 4. how heavy5. ten feet long 6. save water7. become polluted8. be for9. be against10. in one’s life11. be suitable for12. in the cage13. can hardly move14. once a week15. be surprised to do16. in surprise17. to one’s surprise18. be sure of 19. be sure to do20. educate the public 21. care for22. urge to do23. urge sb. to do24. turn on the shower25. endangered animals26. hear from sb.27. receive a letter from sb.28. an unusual woman29. pull down30. be made of31. in one’s spare time32. raise money33. a house out of trash34. make sb. do35. have sth. done
【句子再现】
1. I am writing to say that I am against building a new zoo in our town.
2. Zoos are terrible places for animals to live.
3. Just last week, I visited a zoo and couldn’t believe what I saw.
4. The animals are kept in tiny cages and can hardly move at all.
5. I visited our zoo yesterday and I was very surprised to find hardly anyone there.
6. They provide homes for many endangered animals and help to educate the public about caring for them. If we don’t support our zoo, they won’t have enough money to take care of so many fine animals.
7. The walls are made from old glass bottles that are glued together.
8. The fence is built out of used soda cans.
9. Amy recently won an award from the Help Save Our Planet Society.
10. She makes model toys out of old TVs and sells them to raise money for the Children’s hospital.
11. It’s important to recycle paper to save the trees.
12. Pandas are endangered animals. There aren’t many of them left.
13. That apartment block is old and dangerous. It should be pulled down.
【疑点注释】
1. In 1972, it was discovered that they are endangered.(P119) 1972年，人们发现它们已经濒于灭绝。
was discovered是一般过去时的被动语态，discover“发现”，近义词为find和invent。
【友情链接】discover, invent与find
◎discover指发现过去所不知道的东西，新奇或意外的东西。
Coal was first discovered and used in China.
中国首先发现并使用了煤。
Columbus discovered America on the 12th of October, 1492.
1492年10月12日，哥伦布发现了美洲。
◎invent意为“发明”，即创造出以前从未存在过的东西。
Edison invented the electric lamp.爱迪生发明了电灯。
Radio had just been invented then.那时无线电刚刚发明出来。
◎find意为“找到”，侧重于找到过去丢失的人或物，但有时也表示凭经验或偶然发现了一种东西。
Today, corn is found all over the world.今天，全世界都有了玉米。
She found him a very good pupil.她发现他是个非常好的学生。
◎有时find和discover可以互相替代，意思相同。
His notebook was found/discovered in the desk.
他的笔记本是在课桌里找到的。
2. Some of the swamps have become polluted. (P119)一些沼泽地受到了污染。
have become polluted 中的become是连系动词，polluted是过去分词。这种“系动词+过去分词”结构，意思上也接近被动语态。
The slodier got wounded(接近were wounded)in the battle.
这几名战士在这场战斗中受了伤。
A few minutes later, the ground became/was covered with snow.
几分钟后地上尽是雪。
3. They provide homes for many endangered animals... (P120)他们为许多濒临灭绝的动物提供家园……
provide是及物动词，意为“提供”，“供给”。表示“提供……人……物件”是provide...with...；“提供……给……人”是provide...for...。
The school provides us with all the materials we need.
学校提供我们所需要的一切资料。
We are provided with everything we need for work.
我们被提供了工作所需要的一切。
The school provides all the books we need for us.
学校为我们提供我们需要的书籍。
【友情提示】
◎ provide for是“供养”的意思。
He has a large family to provide for. 他要养活一个大家庭。
4. ...and help to educate the public about caring for them. (P120)……并且帮助教育公众关爱它们。
care for表示“喜欢”，“关心”之意，后接名词或v-ing形式作宾语，take care of也有这个意思。
He cared nothing for skating. 他对滑冰没有兴趣。
In our class, we care for each other. 在我们班上，我们相互关心。
Maria takes good care of everybody. 玛丽亚很关心大家。
【友情链接】care for还可以表示“照顾”，“照料”，相当于take care of或look after。
At night he fed and cared for the cattle. 夜里他照料牲口，给牲口喂食。
You must care for yourselves.
=You must look after yourselves.
你们要照顾好自己。
The children are well cared for in the nurseries.
=The children are taken good care of in the nurseries.
孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。
5. turn off the shower while you are washing your hair. (P121)洗头的时候关掉淋浴。
（1）turn off表示“关掉”，用在关掉收音机，煤气，自来水等场合。与其相关的几个短语是turn on“打开”，turn down“关小”，turn up“开大”。
（2）句中while与when是同义词，都可以用从属连词，引导状语从句表示时间，意思都是“当（在）……的时候”，但二者之间是有区别的。
【友情链接】while与when的用法
◎ when的含义是at or during the time that,既可用于指一点时间（从句的谓语动词需用终止性动词），也可用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词用延续性动词），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态能同时发生，或一先一后发生。
He wants to help people when they are ill.
他想在人们生病的时候帮助他们。
When he got to Shanghai, the ship had already set off.
他到达上海时，轮船已经开走了。
◎ while的含义是during the time that,只能用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作只能同时发生，不能一先一后发生。
While I was reading, my mother was washing clothes.
我读书时，妈妈在洗衣服。
◎这两个词还可以用作并列连词。when表示“在那时”或“这时突然”，相当于and just at that time的意思，用来连接两个并列分句，有时when分句之前有逗号把前后两个分句分开。
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain.
我一直呆到太阳下山，这时天开始下雨了。
◎ while意为“而”，“却”，表示对照关系。
Some like collecting stamps, while others like planting flowers.
有些人喜欢集邮，而有些人却喜欢种花。
6. You have probably never heard of Amy Winterbourne. (P122) 你可能从来没有听说过Amy Winterbourne。
【知识归纳】hear, hear from, hear of与hear that clause的用法：
（1）hear单独使用表示“听见”，“听到”，常用的结构有：
◎ hear sb/sth“听到某人或某物的声音”。
I can’t hear you at all. 我根本就听不到你的声音。
Haven’t you heard anything 难道你没有听到什么声音？
◎ hear sb do sth“听到某人做某事”。
I often hear Li Ping read English in the morning.
我经常在早晨听到李平读英语。
◎ hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”。
I heard him singing in the next room.我听见他正在隔壁房间里唱歌。
特别提示
hear sb do sth指听到整个行动或整个事件；而hear sb doing sth是指听到了行动的一部分，有正在发生的意思。试比较：
I heard the boy go down the stairs.我听到这个男孩走下楼去。
I heard the boy going down the stairs我听到这个男孩下楼的声音。
（2）hear from意为“收到……的信”；“得到……消息”。
How often do you hear from your father 你每隔多久收到你父亲的信？
Have you still not heard from him 你还没有收到他的信吗？
I haven’t heard from him since he telephoned.
自从他打电话以来，我一直没有他的消息。
特别提示
hear from的宾语是表示人的名词或代词，而不是表示信件的名词。
魔力纠错
我们好几个星期未收到他的信了。
误：We haven’t heard from his letter for weeks.
正：We haven’t heard from him for weeks.
正：We haven’t got a letter from him for weeks.
（3）hear of意为“听说”，后面接名词，代词或动名词。
I’ve never heard of that before.我以前从未听说过那件事。
She disappeared and was never heard of again.
她不知去向了，再未听到她的消息。
（4）hear接从句，是“听说”的意思。
One day, the Smiths heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far away.
一天，史密斯一家听说不远的镇里有一位好医生。
I hear that one of the pandas has a baby.
我听说其中一只熊猫生了个熊猫宝宝。
7. She is a most unusual woman. (P122)她是一个十分不寻常的女性。
【知识归纳】a most, the most与most的用法
（1）a most的用法。在“a most+形容词+名词”结构中，most是副词，意为“很，非常”，相当于very,用来修饰它后面的形容词，本句就是这一用法。
Guilin is a most beautiful city.桂林是座非常美丽的城市。
This is a most interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。
（2）the most 的用法
◎在“the most+形容词+名词”结构中,most 是副词，表示程度，意为“最”，与其后的形容词一起构成形容词的最高级。
He is one of the most famous writers in China. 他是中国最著名的作家之一。
This is the most difficult (one) of the three. 这是这三者中最难的。
◎在“动词+the most”结构中，most 也是副词，其作用和意思是“最”其位置通常在动词后。
They like English the most. 他们最喜欢英语。
（3）most 通常有三种用法
◎在“most+副词或形容词”结构中，most 是副词，意为“很，非常，十分”。
I shall most certainly go there. 我十分肯定会到那里去。
◎在“most+名词”结构中，most 是形容词，意为“大部分的，大多数”或“最多的”。
Most students like English. 大多数学生喜欢英语。
Who has (the) most books among you 你们中谁的书最多？
8. The walls are made from old glass bottles that are glued together. (P122) 墙是由旧玻璃瓶粘在一起建成的。
be made from/of意为“由……（原料）制成”，后面一般接物质名词。接from则表示某物品制成后，已看不出原材料是什么，原材料在制作过程中已起了化学变化；接of表示某物品制成后，仍可看得出原材料，其原料在制作过程中仅起了物理变化。
Nylon is made from air, coal and water.尼龙是由空气，煤和水加工制成的。
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。
The desk is made of wood. 这桌子是由木头做的。
The shoes are made of cloth.这鞋子是用布做的。
知识拓展
◎ be made up of表示某物或某组织由一种种成分或一个个成员组成。
The world is made up of matter.世界是由物质构成的。
A TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts.
电视机是由数百个不同的零件组装成的。
◎ be made into意为“把……做成……”，主语在意义上为原材料，介词宾语在意义上为制成品。
Bamboo is also made into paper.竹子也可以用来造纸。
◎be made in意思是“在……（地点）制造”，介词in后接产地。
This kind of computer is made in the USA．这种电脑是美国制造的。
This printing machine was made in Beijing.这台印刷机是北京生产的。
◎be made by意思是“由……制造”，介词by后跟动作的执行者。
This model ship is made by Uncle Wang. 这个轮船模型是由王叔叔制作的。
9. Amy recently won an award from the Help Save Our Planet Society. (P122)艾米最近获得了“救助地球”协会的奖励。
（1）recently 表示“最近”，既可以用于表示一段时间，也可以表示一点时间，多用于完成时态。
Have you hear from Michael recently 你最近接到迈克尔的来信吗？
Recently he has made quite a few mistakes. 最近他出了不少错。
（2）won a award中award是 “奖”的意思，相关词语有prize，reward和scholarship，这几个词都与“奖”有关。
（3）句中的win表示“赢”奖的意思。
At the national amateur song-writing contest, he won a first-class award.
在全国业余作曲比赛中，他获得了一等奖。
win可表示“赢得比赛，战斗”等，宾语一般是比赛，竞赛，战争等名词，与beat近义。
知识拓展
win与beat的用法
两者在表示“赢”，“胜”的意思时，后面所接的宾语有所不同。“赢比赛或一场战斗”用win；“赢某人”是beat。
We won the match months ago. 几个月前，我们赢得那场比赛。
Which side won the battle 这一战谁打胜了？
But still we weren’t sure we could beat them.
但是我们还不能肯定我们能打赢他们。
Dick beat John and won the game. 狄克打败了约翰，赢得了比赛。
【考点归纳】
1.be proud of…, be proud to do sth, be the pride of…:
1）be proud of表示“以…为自豪/骄傲”
2）be proud to do sth表示“骄傲/自豪去做某事”3）be the pride of表示“是...的骄傲”
2.be suitable for适合的，恰当的
3.be made from, be made of:
1) be made from指制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特性，原材料发生了本质的变化，在成品中已无法辨认。
2）be made of意思为“由…构成，由…制成”，但be made of是指未经变化，仍可以看出原材料是什么，保持了原材料的质或形状。
4.长，宽，高的表达法 ：数字+量词+形容词。如20 metres wide二十米宽
5.little, small, tiny:
little是一般用语，与great和big相对；
small含有“比较小”的意味，与large相对；tiny常和little通用，但little侧重指形体小的，常带有爱惜，赞赏，轻蔑等情感的意味；tiny表示非常小，带有较强的感彩；
small是就实体而言，按平均大小对比，是“比较小的”，侧重度量，面积，数字等；little也表示“小”，往往指不可数的量。
6.feed on吃…过日子； 用…喂养
7.foot的用法：on foot 步行 foot by foot一步一步地 at the foot of在…脚下on one’s feet站立着 set foot in踏进 stand on one’s own feet自立
【限时阅读】
I’m Joan Croft. I must have to say that I came into nursing by chance. I didn’t really like my first job, which was office work. It was all right-but that’s just about all you can say about it. I stayed in the same place with the same people around me all day and every day. Then I became a singer, which I enjoyed very much. But after a while the singing group broke up(解散) and I had to start looking for something else.
Some girls have wanted to be nursed ever since they were children, but it never entered my head until I saw an advertisement in a paper. I wrote in and thought,”Oh,well,I will give it a try.” One thing I liked about it was going away from home.
The training itself is very interesting and most of it is just on the wards (病房), so that you very quickly begin nursing real patients.
I lived in the nurses’ home when I arrived and I had my own room, which was very nice.
I like nursing more than I ever thought I would. I’ll always carry on nursing. I have got a boy friend, who is a doctor, so I hope to get married sometime, but wherever I live there’s sure to be a hospital in the place and there is always a job for a nurse.
1. What was Joan’s first job _______________________________________________.
2. Why didn’t Joan like her first job __________________________________________________
3. Why didn’t Joan go on with her second job ___________________________________________.
4. How did Joan find out the information about the nursing job _______________________________.
5. What was Joan’s plan for the future _____________________________________.
【话题训练】
根据下面图画内容及所给的提示词，写一篇60词左右的短文介绍这四幅图画：
①way home, see, Xiao Ming, bird
②throw, stone, pick up
③tree, fall off, hurt, badly, bird
④kill, come up, old man, tell, not, again
1. It was office work. 2. Because she didn’t like staying in the same place with the same people around her all day and every day/Because she was fed up with it. 3. Because the singing group broke up. 4. She found an advertisement in a paper. 5. She hoped to get married sometime and went on her nursing job.
One day, when Xiao Ming was on his way home, he saw a bird singing in a tree. He was very glad. He thought if he caught it, he would take it home and put it in his cage. So he picked up a stone and threw it at the bird. The bird was badly hurt and fell off the tree. Just then an old man came up to Xiao Ming and told him not to kill birds again.
你听说过某些濒临灭绝的动物吗 请以Why should we protect wildlife animals 为题,用英语写一篇短文,说明为什么要保护野生动物。词数为80 词左右。
写作提示: 1. 为什么有些野生动物处于危险之中; 2. 为什么保护野生动物很重要;
3. 我们应该采取什么措施来保护野生动物。
提示词语: wildlife(野生的) ,endangered, tiger, panda, destroy(破坏),fur, take measures(采取措施),plant, tree, build a birdhouse
One possible version:
Why should we protect wildlife animals
Do you know of any endangered animals Why are they in danger
I think there are many endangered animals in the world, such as tigers and pandas. When farmers cut down trees, tigers can no longer hide and hunt. Many tigers are killed by people who want to sell their fur for money. And there are few places where pandas can live.
We are not alone in the world. We human beings could not live without all the plants and animals around us. So protecting wildlife animals are very important. We must take measures to keep plants from being destroyed and stop animals from being killed. If each of us can plant a tree and build a birdhouse, the world will be more beautiful. It is very easy but useful.