2012年中考英语第一轮复习资料七年级精讲精练下册Unit5-8

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名称 2012年中考英语第一轮复习资料七年级精讲精练下册Unit5-8
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马石立中学九年级英语中考第一轮复习资料
——七年级下册Unit5-8精讲精练
[考点聚焦]
I. 词组归纳
1. ……怎么样? ___________________ 2. 举行晚会 ___________________
3. 读书 ___________________ 4. 去购物 ____________________
5. 访谈节目 ____________________ 6. 在星期六的早上 ____________________
7. 打扫卧室 ____________________ 8. 在海滩 ____________________
9. 呆在家 ____________________ 10. 练习说英语 _____________________
11. 为地理考试学习 _____________________12. 对大多数的孩子而言 _____________________
13. 拜访朋友 ____________________ 14. 在……的前面 ____________________
15. ……等等 ____________________ 16. 爵士乐CD ____________________
17. 舞曲 ____________________ 18. 上楼 ____________________
19. 古典乐的乐迷 _____________________ 20. 文化宫 ____________________
21. 看起来像 ____________________ 22. 一头长长的直发 ____________________
23. 黑的短卷发 ____________________ 24. 中等体格 ____________________
25. 篮球队的队长 ____________________ 26. 受某人的欢迎 ____________________
27. 讲笑话 __________________ 28. 停止正在做的事 _________________
29. 下棋 __________________ 30. 一副新面貌 __________________
31. 戴眼镜 __________________ 32. 一位戴副滑稽眼镜的摇滚歌手 _________________
33. 留胡子 __________________ 34. 一个短发男孩 __________________
35. 对……不友好 __________________ 36. 一个在中国的交换学生 ___________________
37. 住在洛杉矶 __________________ 38. 在黑板上 __________________
II. 句型归纳
1. -_______ _____ you _____ over the weekend -We went to the movie.
2. -______ ______ she ______ over the weekend -She played the piano.
3. -_______ _______ your weekend -It was great.
4. -Where’s the pop music -_______ upstairs and _______ right.
5. -_______ _______ the country CDs -Behind the classical CDs.
6. -________ Bob’s favorite _______ ________ music -His favorite kind of music is jazz.
7. -_______ do you _______ _______ -I’m short and thin.
8. - _______ _______ she _______ like -She’s tall with curly hair.
9. - _______ that -That’s Mike, Peter’s brother.
10. -_______ he _______ -He’s serious.
III. 考点归纳
1. What about your friend 你朋友呢?
1) What about + n./doing sth.
= How about + n./doing sth.
2) What/How about doing sth.
= Why not do sth.
= Let’s do sth.
这三个句型为同义句,表示提出建议。
2. How did the kids spend the weekend 孩子们是怎么过周末的?
1) 花时间、金钱在某事上
spend time/money on sth.
花时间、金钱做某事
spend time/money (in) doing sth.
2) spend time on sth. / (in) doing sth. = It takes sb. + time + to do sth.
例如:
Jim spent nearly 2 hours cleaning his bedroom.
= It took Jim nearly 2 hours to clean his bedroom.
spend money on sth. / (in) doing sth.
= pay ... for...
She spent $15 on her new shirt.
= She paid $15 for her new shirt.
3) spend, cost, pay,
spend的主语是人,spend time/money on sth. / (in) doing sth.
cost的主语是物,sth. cost sb. + money
pay的主语是人,pan + money + for sth.
例如:
They spent $80 buying this interesting radio.
This interesting radio cost them $80.
They paid $80 for this interesting radio.
3. He sat on the bench and watched Wang Wang play with a friendly black cat. 他坐在板凳上看着汪汪和一只友好的黑猫一起玩。
watch/ see/ look at/ hear/ listen to sb. doing sth.
看见/听见某人正在做某事
watch/ see/ look at/ hear/ listen to sb. do sth.
看见/听见某人做了某事
I heard the boy _____ English at 8:00 yesterday morning. (practice)
I often hear the boy _____ English in the morning. (practice)
答案:
1. practicing 2. practice
4. Then it was time to go home. 接着是回家的时间了。
= Then it was time for home.
1) It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.
= It’s time (for sb.) for doing sth.
= It’s time for (one’s) sth.
例如:
It’s time for me to have breakfast.
= It’s time for my breakfast.
2) I have no time to have breakfast.
= I have no time for having breakfast.
= I have no time for breakfast.
= There is no time for me to have breakfast.
= There is no time for my breakfast.
(I have no time…= I don’t have any time…)
(There is no time …= There isn’t any time…)
5. He has no dog and no family. 他没有狗也没有亲人了。
= He doesn’t have dogs or families.
no A, B or C = no A, no B and no C 没有A, B和C
例如: Now I have no arms, no hands, no legs and no feet.
= Now I have no arms, hands, legs or feet.
6. 音乐的类型:
country music 乡村乐 dance music 舞曲 pop music 流行乐
classical music 古典乐 jazz music 爵士乐 rock music 摇滚乐
folk music 民乐 light music 轻音乐 heavy metal 重金属摇滚乐
【高分突破】:
music “音乐” 不可数名词
一支乐曲:a piece of music
7. What does he look like 他长什么样?
= What is he like
look like = be like 像
使用时注意动词的变化,例如:
She looks like her mother.= She is like her mother.
She doesn’t look like her mother.= She isn’t like her mother.
Does she look like her mother = Is she like her mother
【高分突破】:
like 和be like 的区别:
Tom is like his father. Tom长得像他的爸爸。
Tom likes his father. Tom喜欢他的爸爸。
8. Wang Lin is very popular. 王林很受欢迎。
be popular with sb. 受某人的欢迎
9. She never stops talking. 她从没停止过讲话。
1) stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事
It’s time for class, we stop talking.
该上课了,我们停止了讲话。
2) stop to do sth. 停下来做另一件事
I’m too tired, let me stop to have a rest.
我累极了,让我停下来休息一会。
3) stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
Nobody can stop doing that.
没有人能阻止他做那件事。
10. Do you remember Johny Dean, the pop singer with funny glasses
你还记得那个戴滑稽眼镜的流行歌手Johny Dean吗?
1) remember/forget sth./sb. 记得/忘记……
2) remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记已经做过的事
I remember closing the windows just now.我记得刚才关了窗户的。
3) remember/forget to do sth. 记得/忘记还没做过的事
I remember to close the windows when I leave.我记得在离开的时候要关窗。
【高分突破】:
remember = don’t forget = be sure
注意同义句的转换:
Remember to take this book to your school!
= Don’t forget to take this book to your school!
= Be sure to take this book to your school!
11. He teaches English. 他教英语。
1) teach sb./sth.
2) teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb.
3) teach sb. to do sth.
4) teach sb. + 疑问代词 + to do sth.
【高分突破】:
李老师教我们英语。
Miss Li teaches us English. (√)
Miss Li is our English teacher. (√)
Miss Li teaches our English. (×)
Ⅳ. 语法精讲
现在进行时
1. 构成
be (am, is, are) + doing(现在分词)
现在分词的变化规则:
变化规则 例词
一般情况下在动词后加-ing look – lookingread – reading
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e加-ing take – takingchoose – choosing
重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写末尾的字母,再加-ing shop – shoppingrun – runningbegin – beginning
2. 一般现在时的肯定、否定、一般疑问句式及回答。列表如下:
以动词work为例
肯定式 否定式
I am working.He/She/It is working.We/You/They are working. I am not working.He/She/It isn’t working.We/You/They aren’t working.
一般疑问句式及回答
Am I working Yes, you are.No, you aren’t.
Is he/she/it working Yes, he/she/it is.No, he/she/it isn’t
Are we/you/they working Yes, you/we/they are.No, you/we/they aren’t.
3. 现在进行时的用法
1) 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
例如:My sister is talking on the phone with her friend now.
2) 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作(尽管此时此刻并不进行)。
例如:What’s he doing this week He’s learning to play the drum.
3) 与副词always, constantly等连用,表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,含有说话者赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。
例如:She’s always smiling happily.
Tom is always making the same mistake!
4) 表示过程。
例如:It’s getting warmer and warmer.
5) go, come, return, start, arrive, leave, fly等动词的现在进行时,可以表示即将发生的动作。
例如:I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
Your mother is coming soon.
【高分突破】:
1) 常与现在进行时搭配的时间状语或句子:
now, at present, at the moment, at 8:00
Look! Listen! Where is/are ... etc.
2) 英语里有一些动词一般不用现在进行时:
① 表知觉的动词:see, hear, smell, taste, notice, feel, sound etc.
② 表示态度和感情的动词:believe, agree, like, love, hate, want, think(认为)etc.
③ 表示某种抽象的关系或概念的动词:have, depend, seem, etc.
④ 表示瞬间动作的动词:remember, forget,know, join, buy, borrow, find etc.
附录:
一、there be 结构用法归纳:
A.there be结构的主语
1.There be结构中,there是引导词,无实义,其主语是be动词之后的名词或名词短语,且这些名词或名词短语通常用不确定的限定词(如a,no,some,all等)修饰,不用确定的限定词(如the,this,that等)修饰。例如:
桌上有本书。
误:There is the book on the desk.
正:There is a book on the desk.
2.There be结构中的主语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或所有格修饰的名词。如不能说:
*There is China in the east of the world.
*There are their bikes un der the tree.
*There are they over there.
若要说明被限定的某人或某物在某处时,常用“某人(某物)+be+地点”结构。例如:
China is in the east of the w orld.
Their bikes are un der the tree.
They are over there.
1.There be结构中的be是谓语动词,它在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词)保持一致,即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,复数时用are。例如:
There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。
There is some meat on the plate.盘里有些肉。
There are some people in the room.屋里有些人。
若be后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,be动词应采取“邻近原则”,即be应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。例如:
There is a pen and two rulers in the pencil-box.文具盒里有一支钢笔和两把尺子。
There are three apples and a pear in the basket.篮子里有三只苹果和一只梨。
2.There be结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用其他动词,使语言表达更生动形象,如live,stand,lie等词。例如:
Long,long ago,there lived a king.很久以前有一个国王。
There stands a school on the hill.山上有所学校。
3.There be结构常见时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等,其时态的变化都是通过be动词来完成和体现的。其具体形式如下:
时态 谓语动词 例句
一般现在时 are/is There are two chairs in the room.
一般过去时 were/was There was a bike near the house a moment ago.
一般将来时 will be/is(are)going be There will be a meeting tomorrow afternoon.There are gong to be two football matches.
现在完成时 have/has been There have been great changes in my hometown.
此外,There be结构还可以和情态动词连用,表示推测。例如:
There must be no one in the room.屋里肯定没人。
1.There be结构的否定形式是在be动词的相应形式后加“not”,其疑问句式是把be动词的相应形式移至句首。例如:
There were two pictures on the wall yesterday.
There weren't two pictures on the wall yesterday.
Were there two pictures on the wall yesterday ?
此时应注意:(1)把含有some的肯定句变为否定或疑问句时,应将其变为any;(2)在对there be结构的一般疑问句作简略回答时,答句的主语仍用there。例如:
There are some oranges on the tree.
There aren't any oranges on the tree.
—Are there any oranges on the tree?
—Yes,there are./No,there aren't.
2.若对There be结构中的主语进行提问时,无论主语是单数还是复数,习惯上都用“What's+地点状语”,引导词there常省去。例如:
There are some flowers on the desk.
→What's on the desk?
There is some meat on the plate.
→What's on the plate?
3.There be结构的陈述句变成反意疑问句时,其附加问句的主语应用there,而不可用其它词替代。例如:
There's a beautiful flower on the floor,isn 't there?
There aren't any books in the box,are there?
1.There be和have都可作“有”讲,但have/has作“有”讲时,表示所属关系,即“持有、占有”,而there be结构表示客观上的存在,不说明所有关系。例如:
There are two new pens in Tom's pencil-box.(强调钢笔的位置)
Tom has two new pens.(钢笔是汤姆的)
2.当主语是物或时间名词,而且表示整体与局部的关系时,there be结构与have可以互换。例如:
(1)一周有七天。
A week has seven days.
There are seven days in a week.
(2)这幢楼有20个房间。
The building has twenty rooms.
There are twenty rooms in the building.
3.在一般时态里,there不能和have(has)连用。例如:
(1)那间房子有两个窗和一个门。
【误】There have two windows and a door in the room.
【正】There are two windows and a door in the room.
【正】The room has two windows and a door.
(2)明天下午将有一次班会。
【误】There will have a class meeting tomorrow afternoon.
【正】There will be a class meeting tomorrow afternoon.
二、动词的分类
从其含义来分,动词可分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词乏义动词。如:
实义动词,go 去 play 玩
连系动词,be 是 become 成为
情态动词,can 能 must 必须
助动词,do(无词义,用于构成疑问句等)
have(无词义,用于构成时态)
1.用来表示主语状态,只有be一词
比较以下由联系动词be和实义动词构成的句子
肯定句I’m a student. I study hard.
否定句 I’m not a student. I don’t study hard.
疑问句 Are you a student Do you study hard
肯定回答 Yes, I am. Yes, I do.
否定回答 No, I’m not. No,I don’t.
2. be 作为助动词,用来构成进行时态和被动语态。
如:We are working hard in the garden.(构成现在进行时)
我们在花园里辛勤劳动。
The house was painted purple.(构成被动语态)
房子被刷成紫色的。
3. do 的助动词用法
do 作为助动词,用来构成疑问句、否定句、强调句。
如:Do you live in Shanghai (构成疑问句)
你住在上海吗?
I don't like to have hamburgers.(构成否定句)
我不喜欢吃汉堡包。
Do come please.(构成强调句)
一定要来。
4. have 的助动词用法
have 作为助动词,用来构成完成时态。
如:Have you finished the work (构成现在完成时)
你的工作完成了没有?
5. shall 和 will 的助动词用法
shall 和 will 作为助动词,用来构成将来时态。
如:I will call you this evening.(构成一般将来时)
今晚我会打电话给你。
What shall we do next week
下个星期我们做什么?
三、and、but和or的用法:
这两个词都是并列连词,用来连接并列关系的词组或分句,其用法如下:
※and意为“和”,多用在肯定句中列举事物,通常只在最后一个事物前用这个词。如:
You, he and I are students. 你,我,他都是学生。
※or意为“或者”,多用于选择疑问句中。如: Is your coat big or small 你的上衣大还是小?
※在否定句中,表示并列部分的连词应单独使用or,若用and必须重复前面的否定句。如:
There’s no air or (=and no) water on the moon. 月球上没有空气和水。
※but是表转折关系的连词。如:
You’re a teacher, but I’m a student. 你是老师,而我是学生。
判断下列句中and或but的用法是否正确.
  A.I can swim, and I am good at it.
  B.I wanted to have a cup of coffee, and the boy passed me an orange.
  C. The boy is very clever but he can answer the question easily
四、常见的构词法
1)合成词:合成词是由两个或两个以上的词构成一个新的词。如:blackboard(黑板),newspaper(报纸),afternoon(下午) ,pencil-box(铅笔盒)。
2)派生词:派生词是由词根加派生词缀构成的词,词根是派生词的基础,同一词根加不同的派生词缀可以表示不同的意义,还可以表示不同的词的词性。
动词变名词:+后缀er drive(驾驶)——driver(驾驶员)
teach(教)——teacher(教师)
read(阅读)——reader(读者)
+后缀or invent(发明)——inventor(发明家)
visit(访问)——visitor(访问者)
+后缀tion invent(发明)——invention(发明)
operate(手术)——operation(手术)
名词变形容词:+后缀y wind(风)——windy(刮风的)
sun(太阳)——sunny(晴朗的)
+后缀ful help(帮助)——helpful(有帮助的)
care(小心)——careful(小心的)
+后缀ly friend(朋友)——friendly(友好的)
形容词变名词:+后缀ness good(好的)——goodness(善良,美德)
kind(和善的)——kindness(和善)
形容词变副词:+后缀ly bad(坏的)——badly(糟糕地)
quick(快的)——quickly(迅速地)
改变词义:+前缀un happy(高兴的)——unhappy(不高兴的)
usual(平常的)——unusual(不平常的)
3)转化词:转化词是指由一种词类转用作另一种词类的词。例如:
hand(n .)手, hand(v .)传递, dry(adj .)干燥的, dry(v .) 烘干
[说明]初中总复习中,词汇的复习十分重要。掌握单词和词组的用法是学好语言的前提之一。没有一定的词汇量,不掌握词语的基本用法,就失去了英语知识复习的基础,也就更谈不上灵活运用和综合分析能力了。
五、中考必考:四个表花费词汇的分析
有些同学常常把spend,cost,pay,take这些表示“花”的动词混淆,它们有什么不同呢?
spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型:
1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth.
2. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.
例如:
I spent fifty yuan on the coat.
= I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。
He spent three days on the work.
= He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天。
3.spend money for sth. 花钱买……。
例如:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
take常用于“占用、花费”时间,后面常跟双宾语,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是:
1. It takes/took sb.some time to do sth
例如:It will take me two days to do the work. 这项工作花了2天时间。
2. Doing sth./Sth.takes sb.some time.
例如: The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间。
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses.
=Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years.
画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。
pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,句型
1. sb. pays some money for sth
例如: I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣。
2. pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。
例如:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
3. pay money back 还钱。
例如:May I borrow 12 yuan from you I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。
4. pay off one's money 还清钱。
cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”。句型
1. sth. costs (sb.) +money, 某物花了(某人)多少钱。
例如:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +time, 某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
例如:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
I'm interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.
A. pay B. get C. take D. spend
【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是pay, get, take和spend这四个动词的用法区别。只有动词spend可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里,所以正确答案影视spend。
This science book ____ me a great amount of money.
A. took  B. cost  C. used  D. spent
答案:B
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