马石立中学九年级英语中考第一轮复习资料
——七年级下册Unit9-Culture Unit2精讲精练
[考点聚焦]
I. 词组归纳
1. 情况怎么样?_________________ 2. 给埃菲尔铁塔照相 _________________
3. 环球节目 _________________ 4. 骑骆驼 _________________
5. 五千年的历史 _________________ 6. 长城 _________________
7. 故宫 _________________ 8. 一次令人兴奋的汽车旅行 __________________
9. 整天 _________________ 10. 在水里玩得很高兴 _________________
11. 看见一个男孩正在哭 ___________ ___ 12. 吃川菜 _________________
13. 想起 _________________ 14. 肥皂剧 _________________
15. 发卡 _________________ 16. 一个十三岁的男孩 _________________
17. 就某事询问某人 _________________ 18. 把……展示给某人 _________________
19. 无法忍受…… __________________ 20. 最酷的东西 __________________
21. 下个月的杂志 __________________ 22. 上课时 __________________
23. 不得不 __________________ 24. 在走廊上 __________________
25. 太多的规矩 __________________ 26. 躺在床上 __________________
27. 放学后 __________________ 28. 禁止说话!___________________
29. 开……玩笑___________________ 30. 世界杯 ___________________
31. 东汉 ___________________ 32. 中国足球协会 __________________
33. 网址 ___________________ 34. 去做,努力去获得 _________________
35. 金牌 ___________________ 36. 校队 ___________________
37. 擅长 ___________________ 38. 元宵节 ___________________
39. 不请吃就捣蛋! ___________________40. 去教堂 ___________________
II. 句型归纳
1. -_______ the weather -It’s windy.
2. -_______ the weather _______ -It’s sunny.
3. -_______ Uncle Joe _______ -He’s playing basketball.
4. -_______ it ________ -Great!
5. -_______ _______ he _______ on vacation -He stayed at home.
6. -_______ _______ they _______ on vacation -They went to the mountains.
7. -_______ she _______ to Central Park -No, she didn’t.
8. -_______ do you _______ _______ soap operas -I don’t mind them.
9. -_______ does he _______ sports shows -He loves them!
10. -_______ we eat in class -No, we can’t.
11. -_______ are the _______ at your school -Don’t arrive late for class and don’t eat in class.
12. -_______ you _______ to wear a uniform at school -No, we don’t.
13. -_______ else _______ he _______ to do -He has to do his homework.
III. 考点归纳
1. How’s the weather in Shanghai 上海天气怎样?
= What’s the weather like in Shanghai
易犯的错误:
1) How’s the weather like (×)
2) What’s the weather (×)
2. It’s raining. 在下雨。
rain v. 下雨 rain n.(U) 雨 rainy adj. 下雨的
snow v. 下雪 snow n.(U) 雪 snowy adj. 下雪的
昨晚雨(雪)下得很大。
It rained(snowed) heavily/hard last night.
= There was a heavy/hard rain(snow) last night.
= There was a lot of rain(snow) last night.
= It was rainy(snowy) heavily/hard last night.
3. It’s cloudy. 是阴天。
cloud-cloudy rain-rainy snow-snowy wind-windy sun-sunny
【高分突破】:
1) cloud n. 云 可数名词
There are many dark clouds in the sky.天上有许多乌云。
2) 一阵大风:
a strong wind (√)
a big wind (×)
4. We had great fun playing in the water.
我们在水里玩得很高兴
have (great/much) fun (in) doing sth.
某事做得很开心= do sth. happily
类似的短语:be busy (in) doing sth.
spend time/money (in) doing sth.
5. The shops were too crowded.商店太挤了。
1) too adv. 也
Tom is from America. Lucy is from America, too.
2) too adv. 太
The box is too heavy.
【高分突破】:
too和very的区别:
too“太”表示超过承受范围
very“太”没有超过承受范
2)too…to… 太……以致于不能……
= so … that …not…
= not … enough to
Little Tom is too young to go to school.
= Little Tom is so young that he can’t go to school.
= Little Tom isn’t old enough to go to school
6. I find a small boy crying in the corner.
我发现有个小男孩正在角落里哭。
find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事
find sb. + adj./n. 发现某人……
find sb. to be 发现某人……
find (that) + 从句 发现……
I found Tony to be a serious man.
= I found Tony serious.
= I found Tony was a serious man.
7. Don’t eat in class! 上课不许吃东西!
in class 在课堂上 in the class 在班上
in hospital in在住院 in the hospital 在医院
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌旁
8. I have too many rules in my house. 在我家有太多的家规。
1) too much + n.(U) 太多……
too many + n.(C) 太多……
2) too much “太多” 副词词组
Watch TV too much isn’t good for your health.
3) much too “太” 后接形容词或副词
It’s much too boring.
9. I have to take my dog for a walk. 我必须带我的狗去散步。
have to和must的区别:
have to:“不得不,必须”,主要强调是外界客观因素,如环境、习惯、急事等而要求某人“不得不,必须”。它可用于多种时态(一般不用于进行时态),且有人称和数的变化。
must:“必须”,表示说话人主观认为“应该、必须”,它无人称、数和时态的变化。
例如:
I must go there.我必须去那儿。(我主观认为必须要去)
I have to go there.我不得不去那儿。(因有急事我要去)
It’s raining hard. We have to stop.
We must get there before dark.
10. I don’t mind them. 我不在乎它们。
1) mind + sth.
She didn’t mind the hard work before.
I don’t mind the rainy weather.
2) mind + doing sth.
Would you mind opening the windows
Would you mind helping me with this bag
Would you mind doing sth.= Would you like to do sth.
3) mind + 句子
Do you mind if I smoke
Do you mind if I open the window
【高分突破】:
mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事
sb.用代词的宾格形式或形容词性的物主代词,例如:
Do you mind his/him smoking
11. Later I have to go to the children’s palace to learn the piano.
接着我得去少年宫学钢琴。
later “以后” 可单独使用也可和时间连用
one year later
five days later
反义词:ago “以前”
one year ago
five days ago
Ⅳ. 语法精讲
一般过去时态
一般过去时态表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内发生过的动作或存在的状态。
1. be动词的过去式:
am
was
be is
are were
否定式:wasn’t, weren’t
一般疑问句:将was和were提到句首。
2. 规则动词的过去式的变化规则及读音:
构成方法 原形 过去时
一般情况在动词原形后加-ed wantanswer wantedanswered
以字母e 结尾的动词,只加-d movedie moveddied
以“ 辅音字母+y ”结尾的动词,把y 改为i,再加-ed carrycry carriedcried
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stopplan stoppedplanned
1) 清念 /t/ ,即 ed 在清辅音后面念 /t/
例如: finished, helped, passed, cooked
2) 元浊 /d/ ,即 ed 在元音,浊辅音后面念 /d/
例如:enjoyed, called, moved, borrowed
3) /t/ /d/ 之后念 /id/ , 即 ed 在 /t/ /d/ 音后面念 /id/
例如:wanted,shouted, needed, counted
3. 常用的一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday/ the day before(在...之前) yesterday
last year/ month/ spring/ week/ Monday/ night
yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening
at that time/ just now = a moment ago
two days ago/ 3 years ago/ 5 months ago/ a week ago
in 1990/ 2000/ 1988/ 1949
in the old days/ in those days
高分突破:
两类应注意的题:
1. 交际英语中表示过去发生的动作:
“ Please look at the sign: NO PHOTOS!”
“ Sorry, I ______ it.”
A. don’t see B. see C. saw D. didn’t see
正确答案:D
2. 客观真理用一般现在时:
My teacher told me that the earth _____ round the sun.
A. moved B. moves C. move D. ran
附:
基 本 句 型
基本句型,又叫核心句,是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。人们在交际中使用的句子是千差万别的,但是那千差万别、变幻莫测的句子可以最后分析成为少数几个最基本的结构原形,正是这些有限的结构原形及其转换形式能够生成无限的实际使用的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五至七个,这五至七个分句原形是以结构不同的谓语为基础的。
1.主语 + 系动词 + 表语:(简称SVC结构)
在这个结构中,动词是连系动词,这种动词之后必须跟有表语,能够在这种结构中作表语的可以是名词词组、形容词词组、介词词组、副词词组等。例如:
My daughter became a college student.
The car is expensive.
His books are on that shelf.
She looks fine.
A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.
The plan sounds perfect.
This material feels soft.
This is where I work.
常用的系动词除be, become, look, seem, appear, get, feel外,还有以下一些:
grow(变得),turn(变成),remain(仍然是),fall(变得),hold(保持),
keep(保持),stand(保持), stay(保持), smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等。例如:
The motor is out of order. 这台电机出了毛病。
Her mother has fallen ill. 她母亲生病了。
The weather is getting quite warm. 天气变得相当暖和。
The roses smell sweet. 这些玫瑰气味很香。
Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸上去又软又滑。
The plan sounds perfect. 这个计划听起来完美无缺。
2.主语 + 谓语(不及物动词):(简称SV结构)
在SV结构中,主动词是不及物动词(vi)。这个结构的谓语可能仅仅只有谓语动词,即只有动词词组,而不附带其他成分。例如:
My head aches.
His plan has changed.
The plane was landing.
His parents have died.
The children may have been sleeping.
在SV结构中,状语通常不是必不可少的成分。但在某种情况下,不加状语便不能表达完整的意思,这就引出了下列句型:
主语 + 谓语 + 状语:
比如在 The weather often changes in England中,如果把状语often和in England拿掉,剩下的SV结构The weather changes,还是个完整的分句结构,它的意义还是明确无误的。但是,在有一些结构中,由于主动词的词汇意义关系,必须带有状语,否则结构不完整,意义不明确。例如:
The plane takes off at 8:30.
The Hunters live in London.
We stayed in Beijing for a few weeks.
The meeting lasted for two hours.
We walked for five miles.
He lives in Guangzhou.(介宾短语)
They stopped to have a rest. (不定式)
I’ll go swimming(分词)
正由于状语在这类结构中是必不可少的成分,所以也可以把主语+不及物动词+状语(SVA)看成是另外一种句型。不过,这个句型只适用于少数几个动词的某些用法,所以不能算是主要的基本句型。
3.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语:(简称SVO结构)
在这个结构中,主动词是及物动词(vt),从而必须带宾语。例如:
He can drive a car.
He has bought a house.
I'll be seeing you.
You may have heard the news.
在 SVO结构中,状语并非不可缺少的成分,比如在 He teaches English every day一句中,如果把 every day去掉,并不影响句子结构的完整性。但在某些SVO结构中,由于主动词的词汇意义关系,在主—动—宾之后必须跟有状语,否则意义不明。例如:
The stranger laid his hand on my shoulder.
They have put men on the moon.
I am going to take him home.
The train leaves Shanghai at seven.
因此,主—动—宾—状(SVOA)结构也可被看作另外一种句型,但这种结构也只涉及少数几个动词的某些用法,所以也不能算是主要的基本句型。
1) 主语+谓语+名词
She is reading a novel.
He is doing morning exercises.
This factory makes machine tools.
2.)主语+谓语+不定式
I want to help him.
常用此结构动词:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise,, refuse, want, wish
3.)主语+谓语+动名词: I enjoy living here.
4 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(简称SVoO结构)
在SVoO结构中,主动词是一些能带有双宾语的及物动词,如give,send,tell,bring,lend,buy,teach,get,call,do,ask等。通常间接宾语(Indirect Object)指人,直接宾语(Direct Object)指物。例如:
I have sent him some money.我已寄给他一些钱。
She told me the news about Paul.他告诉我有关保罗的消息。
They brought me a lot of books.他们带给我许多书。
He must get her something to eat.他必须弄点东西给她吃。
You have done me a favour.你帮了我一个忙。
Susan taught us English.苏珊教我们英语。
I am going to lend him my car.我打算把我的汽车借给他。
He bought me a new dictionary.他给我买了一本新词典。
They called him a taxi.他们给他叫辆出租汽车。
I gave them several lectures on linguistics.我给他们做了几次语言学讲座。
此句型中的谓语动词是带双宾语的及物动词。两个宾语中前一个为间接宾语,后一个为直接宾语。这类谓语动词除常见的give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take, show, teach, get等以外,还有以下一些:
award (授予), lend(借), rent (租), buy(买),
pay (支付),hand(传递), recommend(推荐),save(节省)等。如:
The new way saved us much time. 这个新方法省了我们不少时间。
Could you do me a favor please 你能帮帮我的忙吗?
I paid the repairman fifty dollars. 我给了修理工50元。
He ordered himself a soft drink. 他给自己要了一瓶软饮料。
Mr. Smith lent me his car. 史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。
I found him a new textbook. 我给他找了本新教科书。
Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time 我能占用你几分钟宝贵的时间吗?
The president awarded him the first prize. 校长授予他一等奖。
5. 主语+谓语+ 宾语+宾补(简称SVOC结构)
此句型的谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词,也就是说,这些动词除了有一个直接宾语外,还要加上宾语补足语,句子的意义才能完整。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语充当。在宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语中,宾语与它的补足语之间存在着逻辑上(即意义上)的主谓关系。这样的及物动词有相当数量,例如:
appoint(任命),believe(相信),call(称), catch(发现),
elect(选举), feel感到), find(发现), like(希望),
hear (听到),keep (保持), leave(听任),discover(发现),
make (使),need (需要),prefer(宁愿),prove (证明),
see(看见), warn(警告)等。例如:
They appointed Mr. White Minister of Foreign Affairs. 他们任命怀特先生为外交部长。
The board of directors elected Charles president of the university. 董事会选举查尔斯为这所大学的校长。
I found her rather difficult to work with. 我发现很难与她共事。
She likes her guests to feel at home. 她希望客人不要拘束。
I warned him not to be late. 我曾警告他不要迟到。
My father saw him steal the money. 我父亲看见他偷钱。
I prefer you to stay with us. 我跟更愿意你留下来和我们一起。
You may leave the child in my care. 你可以把孩子交给我照管。
The police discovered the check hidden under a pile of papers.
The woman caught her husband reading her diary. 那位妇女发现她丈夫偷看她的日记。
The shop assistant kept the customer waiting a very long time. 那个售货员让顾客等了很长时间。
We named our baby Tom.(名词)
He painted the wall white(形容词)
She always keeps everything in good order(介宾)
I wish you to stay.(不定式)
另:a)不定式带to的词:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, like, love, order, permit, persuade, remain, request, tell, want, warn, wish等。
b)不定式不带to的词:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。
I heard my name called.(分词)
I feel something moving(分词)
句 子 成 分
一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示:
1. 名词;2. 代词; 3. 数词;4. 动名词;5. 不定式;6. 词组或复合结构;7. 从句;如:
A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.
Who is speaking, please This is Jack speaking.
Two will be enough.
Living in that island country for three months was an unforgetable experience for me.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and wise.
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
“A” is an article.
二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示:
1. 名词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4. 形容词;5. 分词;6. 动名词;7. 不定式;8. 副词;9. 介词短语;10. 词组;11. 从句,如:
The masses are the real heroes.
That’s something we have always to keep in mind.
She was the first to learn about it.
My idea is this.
Time is pressing. Let’s hurry up.
All I could do was send him a telegram.
We must be off now.
They are twice the size of chickens.
My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.
三、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示:
1. 名词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4. 动名词;5. 不定式;6. 复合结构;
7. 从句 如:
She died a heroic death.
They didn’t promise him anything definite.
How many do you want We need two.
Pay attention to uniting and working with comrades who differ with you.
Learn to play the piano.
I’ll get it stamped.
Did you write down what she said
四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示:
1. 副词;2. 介词短语;3. 不定式;4. 分词;5. 形容词;6. 词组;
7. 复合结构;8. 从句,如:
They were greatly touched to hear the old man’s story. (副词)
They did everything they could to save the boy’s life. (不定式)
I said it in fun. (介词短语)
They all rushed over, eager to help. (形容词)
They returned tired and hungry. (形容词)
We are working day and night … . (词组)
He came up shouldering a spade. (分词)
We completed the work five days ahead of time. (词组)
Seeing this, some students became very worried. (分词)
He entered the room, his nose red with cold. (复合结构