小学英语人教版(PEP)六年级总复习(三四五)

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名称 小学英语人教版(PEP)六年级总复习(三四五)
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版本资源 人教版(PEP)
科目 英语
更新时间 2012-04-05 12:19:44

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异龙小学六年级英语总复习
(三、四、五年级)
班级: 姓名:
(一)单词、词组分类复习
颜色类(colours):
red 红色 yellow 黄色 white 白色 pink 粉红色 purple 紫色 brown 棕色 blue 蓝色 black 黑色 green 绿色 orange 橘红色、橙色
基数词(numbers):
one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4 five 5 six 6 seven 7 eight 8 nine 9 ten 10 eleven 11 twelve 12 thirteen 13 fourteen 14 fifteen 15 sixteen 16 seventeen 17 eighteen 18 nineteen 19 twenty 20 twenty-one 21 thirty 30 thirty-two 32 forty 40 forty-three 43 fifty 50 fifty-four 54 sixty 60 seventy 70 eighty 80 ninety 90 hundred 百
序数词:
first (1st ) 第一 second (2nd ) 第二 third (3rd ) 第三 fourth(4th)第四 fifth(5th) 第五sixth(6th) 第六 seventh(7th) 第七 eighth(8th) 第八 ninth(9th) 第九 tenth(10th) 第十eleventh(11th) 第十一 twelfth(12th) 第十二 thirteenth(13th) 第十三 twentieth(20th) 第二十 twenty-first(21st) 第二十一twenty-second(22nd) 第二十二twenty-third(23rd) 第二十三 (第几十几把个位上的几变成相应的序数词)
on the first floor 在一楼 on the second floor 在二楼on the third floor 在三楼
基数词和序数词的转变
基变序,有规律,词尾加上 -th。
第一、二、三,特殊记,词尾字母t, d, d。
八去t,九去e,ve 要用f 替。
ty 将y 变成i,th前面有个e。
若是碰上几十几,前用基来后用序。
课程类(classes):
Chinese class语文 English class英语 P. E. class体育 math class数学 music class音乐 art class美术 science class科学 Moral Education思想品德课 Social Studies社会课
动物类(animals):
rabbit 兔子 cat 猫 dog 狗 duck 鸭子 pig 猪 panda 熊猫 bird 鸟 hen母鸡 cow 奶牛 lamb 羊羔goat 山羊 sheep(复数sheep) 绵羊 horse 马 bear 熊 giraffe长颈鹿 monkey 猴子donkey驴 kangaroo 袋鼠lion 狮子 tiger 老虎 deer(复数deer) 鹿 squirrel 松鼠 snake 蛇fish 鱼 mouse(复数mice) 老鼠 elephant 大象goose (复数geese) 鹅
水果类(fruit):
apple 苹果 pear 梨 orange 橘子banana 香蕉 grapes 葡萄 watermelon 西瓜 strawberry(复数strawberries)草莓 peach(复数peaches)桃子
食物类(food):
vegetables 蔬菜:tomato(复数tomatoes)西红柿 potato(复数potatoes)土豆eggplant茄子 cabbage 卷心菜 green beans青豆 onion洋葱cucumber黄瓜 carrot胡萝卜
meat肉类:fish鱼 beef牛肉 chicken鸡肉 pork 猪肉 mutton 羊肉
drink 饮料:tea 茶 milk 牛奶 coffee 咖啡 Coke 可乐 juice果汁water 水
rice米饭 noodles面条soup 汤tofu豆腐bread面包cake蛋糕 hot dog热狗hamburger汉堡包 French fries炸薯条 egg蛋
餐具类:
knife(复数knives ) 刀 chopsticks筷子 spoon勺子 plate盘子 fork叉子
味道类:
tasty 可口的 yummy 好吃的 sour 酸的 sweet 甜的 salty 咸的 fresh 新鲜的 healthy 健康的
服装类(clothes):
T-shirt T恤衫shirt 衬衫dress 连衣裙skirt裙子 jacket夹克衫sweater毛衣 coat大衣 pants 长裤shorts 短裤jeans 牛仔裤 socks短袜 shoes 鞋子boots 靴子sandals凉鞋slippers拖鞋 sneakers网球鞋
职业(jobs):
doctor医生 farmer农民 driver司机 nurse护士 teacher老师 student 学生baseball player 棒球运动员 principal 校长 university student 大学生policeman警察
时间(time):
o’clock…点钟 in the morning 在早上(a.m.或A. M.) in the afternoon 在下午(p.m.或P.M.) in the evening在晚上 at noon 在中午 today今天tomorrow明天 this morning今天早上 this afternoon今天下午this evening今天晚上 tonight今晚 this weekend这个周末 next weekend下周末 next week下周on the weekend在周末 usually通常 often经常 sometimes有时候
地点:
library 图书馆 school 学校 classroom 教室playground操场 canteen食堂 teacher’s office教师办公室 art room美术教室 computer room计算机教室 music room音乐教室 gym体育馆 TV room电视机房 supermarket 超市 garden 花园 living room 客厅 study 书房 kitchen 厨房 bathroom 浴室 bedroom 卧室 Children’s Center 儿童活动中心 farm 农场park 公园nature park 自然公园 village 乡村city 城市
交通工具:
bike自行车 plane飞机 car汽车 jeep吉普车 boat小船 ship轮船 bus公共汽车 taxi计程车 on foot走路 train 火车 subway 地铁
方位词:
in在…里面 on在…上面 over在…上面(悬空,不接触)under在…下面 behind在…后面 in front of在……前面 near在…附近
学习用品类:
ruler 尺子 pen 钢笔 pencil 铅笔 pencil-case 铅笔盒 book书 bag 包 eraser 橡皮 crayon 蜡笔 sharpener 卷笔刀 Chinese book 语文书 English book 英语书math book 数学书 story-book故事书 notebook笔记本schoolbag书包 picture 图画 board 写字板 teacher's desk 讲桌 light 灯 lamp台灯 walkman 随身听 computer 电脑
玩具类(toys):
kite 风筝 doll 洋娃娃 balloon 气球football 足球 basketball 篮球 ping-pong 乒乓球 baseball 棒球
家具类:
mirror 镜子 end table 床头柜 closet衣柜 curtain窗帘 bed床 trash bin垃圾桶 chair椅子 desk书桌 shelf(复数shelves)书架 window窗户 table 桌子 phone 电话 sofa沙发 door门 floor地板 wall 墙 fridge冰箱 air-conditioner 空调fan 电扇
称呼类(people):
family家庭 parents父母father父亲 mother母亲brother兄弟sister姐妹 grandparents (外)祖父母grandfather(外)祖父 grandmother (外)祖母uncle叔叔aunt阿姨baby婴儿boy 男孩 girl女孩 friend 朋友classmate同班同学
身体部位:
body身体 head头 face脸 nose鼻子 mouth嘴 eye眼睛 ear耳朵 arm手臂hand手 finger手指 leg腿 foot脚(复数feet)
星期类(week):
Monday( Mon.)星期一 Tuesday(Tue.) 星期二Wednesday(Wed.) 星期三 Thursday(Thu.) 星期四Friday(Fri.) 星期五 Saturday(Sat.) 星期六 Sunday(Sun.)星期天 day天,日子
月份类(month):
January(Jan.)一月 February(Feb.)二月March(Mar.)三月 April(Apr.)四月 May五月 June六月 July七月August(Aug.)八月 September(Sept.)九月October(Oct.)十月 November(Nov.)十一月December(Dec.) 十二月 date日期
天气类(weather):
weather report 天气预报 rainy 下雨的 sunny 晴朗的 snowy 下雪的 windy 刮风的 cloudy 多云的warm 温暖的 cold寒冷的 cool 凉爽的 hot 炎热的
季节类(season):
spring春天 summer夏天 fall 秋天 winter冬天
自然景观类:
river河流lake 湖泊flower 花 grass 草plant 植物 tree 树forest 森林 path 小路 road 公路bridge 桥 house 房子 building 建筑物 mountain 山rain雨 cloud云 sun 太阳snow雪 wind风 air 空气 sky 天空
描述人、物的形容词:
strong强壮的 thin 瘦的fat胖的 tall高的 short短的,矮的 big大的 small小的 long长的 young年轻的old老的active积极的smart聪明 kind和蔼可亲的 strict严格的quiet安静的 funny滑稽可笑的good 好的super超级棒 great太棒了; cool酷的heavy重的colourful色彩丰富的 pretty 漂亮的,可爱的beautiful 漂亮的favorite 最喜爱的clean 干净的 ready 准备好的 helpful能干的 own自己的interesting 有趣的 ill 生病的 hungry 饥饿的 cheap便宜的 expensive 昂贵的 happy快乐的,幸福的 really 真的 nice 愉快的cute 逗人喜爱的 lovely 可爱的
频度副词:
always总是 usually通常 often经常 sometimes有时 never绝不
做家务(do housework):
cook the meals 做饭 cook dinner做饭water the flowers 浇花 sweep the floor 扫地 clean the bedroom 打扫卧室make the bed 铺床 set the table 摆餐具 wash the clothes 洗衣服 do the dishes 洗碗碟 empty the trash 倒垃圾 put away the clothes 收拾衣服wash the windows 擦窗子
一日三餐(have meals):
eat breakfast吃早饭 eat lunch吃午饭 eat dinner吃晚饭
have breakfast吃早餐 have lunch吃午餐 have dinner吃晚饭
上课(have classes):
have art class上美术课have Chinese class上语文课have English class上英语课have math class上数学课have P.E. class上体育课have music class上音乐课have science class上科学课
课外活动:
catch butterflies捉蝴蝶have a picnic举行野餐go hiking去远足go shopping购物go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 draw pictures画画use a computer使用计算机do an experiment做实验do homework做作业 do housework做家务do morning exercises晨练read a book看书 read books看书listen to music听音乐watch TV看电视climb mountains爬山collect leaves收集树叶pick up leaves采摘树叶count insects数昆虫watch insects观察昆虫take pictures照相fly kites放风筝plant trees种树make a snowman堆雪人play with snow 玩雪play together 一起玩 make kites制作风筝 make cakes制作蛋糕visit grandparents看望(外)祖父母play chess下棋play computer games 玩电脑游戏play football踢足球play ping-pong 打乒乓球play basketball 打篮球 play baseball 打棒球play sports进行体育活动do sports进行体育活动play the piano弹钢琴 play the violin拉小提琴write a letter写信write an e-mail写电子邮件send an e-mail发送电子邮件write a report写报告
其他动词或动词短语:
answer the phone接电话go to bed上床睡觉get up起床go to school上学go to the playground 去操场go to work去上班go home回家 clean the classroom 打扫教室clean my room 打扫我的房间clean the desks and chairs 抹桌椅clean the board 擦黑板clean the window 抹窗子put up the picture 挂上画open the door 开门 close your book 合上你的书 turn on the light 开灯 turn off the TV关电视carry your bag 背上你的书包sit on the sofa 坐在沙发上have a look 看一看 have a try 试一试have a good time 玩得高兴,过得愉快 have to 不得不,必须eat the birthday cake 吃生日蛋糕have some fruit 吃点水果 wear my shirt 穿着我的衬衣put on my sweater 穿上我的毛衣take off your jacket 脱下你的夹克衫look at看…… look for寻找…… look like 看上去像…… wait for 等…… speak to 和……讲话act like 表演……hold on 稍等wait and see 等会儿看 use a computer 用电脑 use chopsticks 使筷子 help yourself 随便吃come and meet my family 来认识我的家庭成员make friends 交朋友 look strong 看起来很结实 look young 看起来很年轻look at the dress 看这条连衣裙 wait for a bus 等公共汽车drive驾驶 buy购买 drink water喝水 clean打扫,清洁 climb往上爬fly飞jump跳run跑walk走swing荡秋千swim游泳skate滑冰show 出示touch 触摸meet 遇见paint 画画come 来come from来自,从……来 fight 打架find寻找help帮助know知道leave离开like 喜欢 teach教 tell告诉,说 watch out小心 taste 品尝 live居住 think想,思考love爱,热爱 use使用say说,讲 wait等 see看见sleep 睡觉wake up醒,醒来get to到达 become 变成 speak说话,讲话 watch看stop停 welcome欢迎 work工作 rain下雨
其他常用短语:
on the weekend 在周末 at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上at school 在学校at home 在家里at a farm 在农场at table 在就餐,在吃饭at the table 在桌子边on foot 步行in English 用英语in red穿着红色的衣裳on the playground 在操场上in the sun 在阳光下this way 这边come in 进来birthday party 生日派对 birthday cake 生日蛋糕birthday card 生日贺卡weather report 天气预报not much 没什么 too expensive 太贵了 too cold 太冷了 too many to count 太多数不清 a pair of sneakers 一双网球鞋 what size 多少码size five 五码 what colour 什么颜色what time 几点 what day 星期几 all right 好的,可以 one hundred 一百favourite season 最喜欢的季节 favourite fruit 最喜欢的水果 favourite food 最喜欢的食物 favourite teacher 最喜欢的老师mother elephant 象妈妈 baby elephant 象宝宝 in the woods 在树林里 see you 再见 see you later 待会儿见 see you tomorrow 明天见good night 晚安good idea 好主意 good job 干得好over there 在那边toy box 玩具箱 under the chair 在椅子下 over the river 在河上方 在near the window 窗子旁 behind the door 在门后面 in front of the teacher’s desk在讲桌前 excuse me 请问,打扰一下 I’m sorry 对不起 It’s OK! 没关系no problem 没问题 of course 当然可以You are welcome. 不用谢 a small nose 一个小鼻子 a long nose 一条长鼻子 a short tail 一条短尾巴 small eyes 小眼睛 big ears 大耳朵 boys and girls 男孩女孩们 boy or girl 男孩还是女孩Chinese food 中餐Uncle Bill 比尔叔叔just a minute 再多会儿hurry up 快点I’m hungry 我饿了by bike 骑自行车 by plane 坐飞机 by taxi 乘出租车
(二) 谈论话题分类复习
谈论姓名:
1. What’s your name My name is Sarah.
2. What’s his name His name is Mike.
3. What’s her name Her name is Chen Jie.
4. What’s your father’s name My father’s name is Wang Ming.
谈论颜色:
What colour is the dog The dog(It) is yellow.
What colour is it It is green.
What colour is your eraser (单数) My eraser(It) is white.
What colour are your jeans (复数) My jeans(They) are blue.
三、谈论数字(How many +复数形式):
1. How many crayons do you have I have 23.
2. How many windows can you see I can see eight.
3. How many horses are there Twelve.
4. How many people are there in your family There are three.
5. How old are you I am twelve.
6. How old is your father He is 34.
7. How much is it It’s ten yuan.
8. How much is this dress It’s ninety-nine yuan.
9. How much is your sweater It’s 80 yuan.
10. How much are they They’re three yuan.
11. How much are your boots They’re 120 yuan.
12. How much are these apples They are thirty-five yuan.
四、谈论书包、教室、房间:
1.What’s in the classroom 教室里有什么
A board, two lights, many desks and chairs.
2. What’s in your schoolbag 你的书包里有什么?
A pencil-case and many books. 一个铅笔盒和许多书。
3. What's your room like 你的房间是什么样子的?
There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet. 有一面镜子,一张床和一个大衣橱。
五、谈论时间(time):
表示在几点用at:at seven o’clock, at eight fifteen, at eleven twenty
表示在早晨,下午,晚上用in:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
表示在具体某一天用on:on Monday, on Saturday, On Children’s Day, on that day, on June 22, 2010.
表示在某月用in:in February, in September
表示在某季用in:in summer, in fall
1. What time is it now?It’s 5 o’clock.
2. What time is it now?It’s 8:30. It’s time for math class.
3. What time is it now?It’s 12:30. It’s time to have lunch.
It’s time for +名词或名词短语 It’s time to + 动词或动词短语
4. When do you get up I get up at 6:15.
5. When do you eat dinner I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.
六、谈论星期(week):
What day is it today 今天星期几? Today ( It ) is Monday.
What day is it tomorrow 明天星期几?Tomorrow( It ) is Tuesday.
What do you have on Tuesdays 星期二你们上什么课?
We have Chinese, math and art. 我们上语文,数学和美术课。
4. What do you have for lunch on Wednesdays 星期三你们中餐吃什么?
We have tomatoes, mutton and soup.我们吃西红柿,羊肉和汤。
5. What do you do on Sundays I usually (often) play football.
谈论月份(month):
1. How many months are there in a year There are twelve (12).
2. What are they They are…(列举月份)
3. How many months are there in a season There are three (3).
4. Which month do you like best I like May best.
谈论序数词、节日:
Chinese English date
新年(元旦) New Year’s Day January 1st
植树节 Tree-planting Day March 12th
妇女节 Women’s Day March 8th
劳动节 Labour Day May 1st
儿童节 Children’s Day June 1st
建军节 Army Day August 1st
教师节 Teachers’ Day September 10th
国庆节 National Day October 1st
圣诞节 Christmas Day December 25th
1. What’s the date today 今天是几月几号 It is March 1st.
2. What is the date today June 9th. / It’s June 9th.
3. When is Children’s Day 儿童节在什么时候 It is June 1st.
4. When is your birthday 你的生日在什么时候 有两种回答:
一种是只答月份, 前面用in,另外一种是说出具体日期,用on, on可省略。
M y birthday is(It’s) in March. 或M y birthday is (It’s) March 5th.
5. Uncle Bill’s birthday is in March, too. 比尔叔叔的生日也在三月。
What’s the date 几月几日? March 9th. 三月九日。
6. When is your father's birthday 你爸爸的生日是什么时候?
It’s in May. 在五月。
7. When is your mother's birthday 你妈妈的生日是什么时候?
It’s July 1st. 七月一日。
8. Happy Teachers’ Day! 教师节快乐! Thank you.谢谢。
Happy Women’s Day!妇女节快乐!Thank you.谢谢。
Happy Children’s Day!儿童节快乐!Thank you.谢谢。
Happy birthday!生日快乐!Thank you.谢谢。
9. Happy Halloween 万圣节快乐! Happy Halloween 万圣节快乐!
Merry Christmas 圣诞节快乐! Merry Christmas 圣诞节快乐!
Happy New Year元旦快乐! Happy New Year元旦快乐!
Happy Thanksgiving 感恩节快乐!Happy Thanksgiving 感恩节快乐!
谈论季节(season)/天气(weather)等:
season季节 spring summer fall(autumn) winter
weather天气 warm, windy hot, sunny cool, windy cold, snowy
months月份 3,4,5 6,7,8 9,10,11 12,1,2
clothes衣服 shirt, jeans T-shirt,shorts, skirt dress, shirtpants coat, jacket,sweater
activity事情 plant trees,go hikingfly kites swim, eatice-cream,eat watermelon fly kites, climb mountains, eat fruits(apples)go hiking, skate, ski, make a snowman,play with snow
How many seasons are there in a year There are four (4).
What are they They are spring, summer, fall and winter.
What season is it now It is spring/summer/fall/winter.
What’s the weather like in spring It’s warm and windy.
What’s the weather like today It’s snowy.
What’s the weather like in Beijing 北京的天气如何?
It’s rainy. How about New York 是雨天。纽约呢?
It’s sunny and hot. 是晴天,天气很热。
What do you wear in summer I wear T-shirt and shorts.
What can you do in fall I can fly a kite.
What’s your favourite season My favourite season is spring.
10. Which season do you like best I like spring best.
Why do you like winter Because I can make a snowman.
Why do you like summer Because I can swim in the lake.
九、谈论衣服(clothes):
What colour is your skirt It’s purple.
What colour are the sandals They are black.
Where is my sweater It’s in the closet.
Where are my socks They are on your shoes.
Whose is the dress It’s Sarah’s.
Whose are the jeans They are my jeans.
Can I wear my T-shirt Yes, you can. /No, you can’t.
谈论家庭成员(family member):
1. Who is this man/woman He is my father. / She is my mom.
2. Who’s that boy/girl He is my brother. / She is my sister.
3. What’s your uncle He is a base-ball player.
4. What’s your aunt She is a nurse.
5. How many people are there in your family There are three.
6. Who are they They are my parents and me.
7. Who are the two boys They are John and Mike.
十一、谈论课程(class):
What’s your favourite class 你最喜爱的课程是什么?
My favourite class is English. / I like English.
Which/What class do you like best I like math best.
What do you have on Mondays 星期一你们上什么课?
We have English, math and art. 我们上英语,数学和美术课。
十二、谈论动物(animal):
What is your favourite animal I like cats best.
What colour is the rabbit. It’s white.
What colour are the bears They are brown.
How many birds can you see I can see 11.
What’s the elephant like It has a long nose and two big ears.
Do you like monkeys Yes, I do. /No, I don’t.
十三、谈论人、物(have的第三人称单数是has):
This is my computer. That is your computer.
This is Zhang Peng. Nice to meet you!
Let’s play football. OK! / Great!
I have big/small eyes. 我有大(小)眼睛(复数形式)
He has big/small ears. 他有大(小)耳朵(复数形式)
She has long/short hair. 她有长(短)头发(头发是不可数名词)
It has a big/small mouth. 它有一个大(小)嘴巴(单数形式)
Who’s your math teacher Mr. Hu.
What’s he like He is active.
Who’s your best friend She is Wang Lin.
What is your mother like She is young and pretty.
What’s your father like He is tall and strong.
What’s your music teacher like
She is tall and thin. She’s very funny.
What is your room like 你的房间像什么样?It’s big and nice.
7. What is in your room 你的房间里有什么?
There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet. 有一面镜子,一张床和一个大衣橱。
十四、谈论食物(food):
What’s your favourite food I like +食物 (可数名词要变成复数形式)
Why do you like chicken Because it is tasty.
What’s your favourite meat I like +肉类(肉类名词是不可数名词)
What’s your favourite fruit I like + 水果(可数名词要变成复数形式)
Why do you like apples Because they are sweet.
I like fruit. But I don’t like grapes. They’re sour.
What’s your favourite drink I like +饮料(饮料是不可数名词)
What would you like for breakfast 早餐你想吃点什么?
I’d like some bread and milk.我想吃些面包和牛奶。
What would you like for lunch 午餐你想吃点什么?
I’d like some fish and vegetables.我想吃些鱼和蔬菜。
What would you like for dinner 晚餐你想吃些什么?
I’d like some beef and soup. 我想吃些牛肉和汤。
8. What do you have for lunch on Mondays 星期一你中餐吃什么?
We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 我们吃西红柿,豆腐和鱼。
9. What’s for dinner Wait and see. 晚餐要吃什么? 等一下就知道了。
十五、谈论职业(job):
What do you do /What are you I am a teacher.
2. What does your father do /What is your father He is a doctor.
3. What does your mother do /What is your mother She is a driver.
4. What are your parents They are farmers.
十六、谈论运动(sport)、爱好(hobby):
1. What’s your favourite sport I like skating best.
2 Which sport do you like best I like running best.
3. What do you like I like painting.
What does your mother like She likes swimming.
What does your father like He likes walking.
Do you like swinging Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Does your sister like flying kites Yes, she does. /No, she doesn’t.
十七、谈论家务(do housework):
Are you helpful at home Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
Are they helpful at home Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t.
Is your brother helpful at home Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
What can you do I can cook the meals.
Can you clean the room Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
Can Mike do the dishes Yes, he can. / No, he can’t.
十八、谈论其他事情:
What do you do on the weekend
I usually (often) play football. Sometimes I visit my grandparents.
What does Mike do on the weekend
He usually (often) plays football.
What do you do on Saturdays I do my homework on Saturdays.
What about you I do my homework, too.
What are you(你,你们)doing now I am(We are) playing football.
What are they doing now They are playing computer games.
What is Mike doing now He is playing ping-pong.
What is he doing now He is writing a letter.
What is she doing now She is drawing pictures.
What is it doing now It is sleeping.
What are you doing I’m reading a book. Brother is doing homework. Grandpa is watching TV. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. Dad’s writing an e-mail in the study.
十九、谈论地点、方位:
1. Where’s my seat It’s near the door.
2. Where’s the pen It is in the pencil-case
3. Where are the keys They are on the table.
4. Where’s your mother She is in the kitchen.
5. Where are they They are under the table.
6. Where’s the canteen It’s on the second floor.
7. Where is my toy car It’s here, under the chair.
8. Excuse me. Where is the library, please 对不起,请问图书馆在哪儿?
It’s near the playground. 在操场附近。
9. The closet is near the table. 衣柜在桌子的附近。
10. Many clothes are in the closet. 很多衣服在衣柜里。
11. The trash bin is behind the door. 垃圾桶在门后。
二十、谈论国家及国籍人:
国家 China(PRC)中国 England(UK)英国 America(USA)美国 Canada(CAN)加拿大
国籍人 Chinese中国人 English英国人 American美国人 Canadian加拿大人
语言 Chinese English English English
1. Where are you from I’m from China.
2. Where’s she from She is from Canada.
3. Where’s his father from He is from America.
4. Where’s your English teacher from She is from America.
二十一、日常用语:
1. Hello! Hi!
2. Good morning. Good morning.
Good afternoon. Good afternoon.
Good evening. Good evening.
3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.
4. This is Sarah. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.
5. How are you I’m fine, thank you.
6. What’s your name, please My name is John.
7. May I come in 我可以进来吗?Come in, please. 请进。
8. I’m sorry. 对不起。 It’s OK. 没关系。
9. Thank you. 谢谢。You’re welcome.不用谢。
10. Let’s clean the classroom. 让我们来打扫教室吧。
All right. / OK. / Good idea. 好的。/ 可以。/ 好主意。
11. Hello! This is … Who’s that (电话用语)你好,我是… 你是谁?
It’s … 我是…
12. Can I speak to your mom, please 请问我能和你的妈妈说话吗?
Please hold on. 请稍等。
Mom, there is a call for you. 妈妈,有你的电话。
Thank you. 谢谢。
13. May I have a look 我能看一看吗?
Sure. / OK. / Certainly. / No problem. Here you are. 当然可以。/ 好的。/没问题。给你。
14. Can I use your ruler 我能用用你的尺子吗?
Sure. / OK. / Certainly. / No problem. Here you are. 当然可以。/ 好的。/没问题。给你。
15. Can I have an apple, please 我能吃个苹果吗?
Sure. / OK. / Certainly. / No problem. Here you are. 当然可以。/ 好的。/没问题。给你。
16. Can I have some bread, please 我能吃点面包吗?
Sure. / OK. / Certainly. / No problem. Here you are. 当然可以。/ 好的。/没问题。给你。
17. Have some juice. 喝点果汁吧。
Thank you. / No, thanks. 谢谢。/ 不了,谢谢。
18. Have some more 再来点吗?
Thank you. / No, thank you. 好的,谢谢。/ 不了,谢谢。
19. Can I help 我能帮忙吗?
Yes, pass me a plate, please. 好的,请递给我一个盘子。
20. Can I help you 我能帮助你吗(需要帮忙吗)?
Yes, please. I want a pair of sandals. 是的,我想要一双凉鞋。
Yes, please. I’d like a pair of sandals. 是的,我想要一双凉鞋。
What about this pair 这双怎么样?
They are nice. I like them. Thank you. 很漂亮。我很喜欢。谢谢。
15. We have a new classroom. 我们有一间新教室了。
Really Let’s go and have a look. 真的吗?让我们一起去看一看。
16. I have a new schoolbag. 我有一个新书包了。
Really May I have a look 真的吗?能让我看一看吗?
17. How many story-books do you have 你有多少本故事书?
Too many to count. 太多了,数不清。
18. What’s the matter with you 你怎么了?
Not much. 没什么。
19. School is over. 放学了。 Class is over. 下课了。
20. I’m hungry. 我饿了。
Breakfast / Dinner is ready. 早点 / 晚餐准备好了。
I’m ready. 我准备好了。
Everything is ready. 一切都准备好了。
21. Please pass me my skirt. 请把我的短裙递给我。
Here you are. 给你。
22. How funny. 太有趣了。
23. What a big fish. 好大的一条鱼。
二十二、易混句型:
1. What do you do 你是做什么的?(问职业)
What do you do on the weekend 周末你做什么?
What do you do on Saturdays 星期六你做什么?
What do you have on Thursdays 星期四你上什么课?
2. What would you like for breakfast 早点你想吃点什么?
What do you have for breakfast 早点你吃了什么?
3. What would you like for dinner 晚餐你想吃点什么?
What’s for dinner 晚餐准备了些什么?
4. What’s he like 他长什么样?
What does he like 他喜欢什么?
5. What’s your mother 你的妈妈是干什么的?(问职业)
What’s your mother like 你的妈妈长什么样?
What does your mother like 你的妈妈喜欢什么?
6. What’s your room like 你的房间像什么样?
What’s in your room 你的房间里有什么?
7. What time is it now 现在几点了?
What day is it today 今天星期几?
What’s the date today 今天几月几日?
8. What’s the weather like today 今天天气怎么样?
What’s the weather like in Kunming 昆明的天气怎么样?
9. He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
He would like to swim. 他想去游泳。
10. I’d like to have a try. 我想试一试。
I’d like to go shopping. 我想去购物。
I’d like some mutton and pork. 我想吃点羊肉和猪肉。
I’d like some vegetables and fruit. 我想吃点蔬菜和水果。
I’d like some French fries. 我想吃点炸薯条。
I’d like some orange juice. 我想喝点橙汁。
11. I like cakes. 我喜欢吃蛋糕。
She likes bread. 她喜欢吃面包。
My parents like noodles. 我的父母喜欢吃面条。
He likes sports. 他喜欢体育运动。
Her sister likes fruit. 她的姐姐(妹妹)喜欢吃水果。
His baby brother likes grapes. 他的弟弟喜欢吃葡萄。
12. Where is her skirt 她的短裙在哪里?
What coulor is her skirt 她的短裙是什么颜色的?
How much is her skirt 她的短裙多少钱?
Whose skirt is this 这是谁的短裙?
13. All right. = OK. 行,好的。
That’s right. 那是对的。 You are right. 你是对的。
That’s all right. = You are welcome. 不用谢,不客气。
(三) 反义词、同义词、同义句、对应词、同音词、缩写/完全形式、字母的缩略词
1. 反义词
big大的―small小的 tall高的—short矮的
long长的—short短的  fat胖的—thin瘦的
strong健壮的—thin瘦的 young年轻的—old老的
new新的—old旧的 heavy 重的 —light 轻的
cheap 便宜的—expensive贵的 yes 是的— no不是的
open打开—close关上 come来 —go去   
sweet 甜的—-sour 酸的 kind 和蔼的—strict 严格的
active 活跃的—quiet 文静的 cool 凉爽的— warm 温暖的
cold 冷的—hot 热的 in front of在……前面 — behind 在……后面
stand up 起立— sit down坐下 up 上— down 下
on在……上面 — under在……下面
2. 同义词(近义词)
father --dad --daddy爸爸     mother --mom --mommy妈妈
parents -- father and mother 父母亲 grandfather --grandpa爷爷, 外公 grandmother--grandma奶奶,外婆schoolbag --bag 书包    photo--picture相片,图画       desk --table桌子 tasty--yummy 可口的,好吃的 bathroom --washroom 卫生间
goodbye --bye-bye --bye --see you再见 cute –lovely 可爱的 kid—child 小孩 kids – children – boys and girls孩子们
Hello--Hi 喂 dog—puppy 小狗 OK--good –great 好的
over—on 在……上面 evening-- night 晚上 speak-- talk—say 说
love --like 喜欢 watch out -- look out 小心,当心 see-- watch--look 看
beautiful --pretty漂亮的 home—house 家 usually —often经常
garden —park花园,公园 river —lake 河,湖 be from —come from来自 glass —cup杯子 learn—study 学习 go home —come home 回家
of course —sure当然了 would like —want想要 look for— find寻找
3. 同义句
I’m Mike. --My name is Mike. 我是迈克。
He is John. --His name is John.他是约翰。
She is Amy. --Her name is Amy. 她是艾米。
What’s your name --Your name, please -- Who are you 你叫什么名字?
What’s his name – Who is he 他是谁?
What’s her name – Who is she 她是谁?
Thank you. --Thanks.谢谢你  
Thank you very much. --Thank you so much.非常感谢。
How are you —How do you do 你好吗?
Fine. Thank you. --I’m fine. Thanks.我很好。谢谢。
Can I help you – What can I do for you 需要帮忙吗?
I’m from China. --I come from China. 我来自中国。
What time is it?-- What’s the time 现在几点了?
It’s time to go to school. --It’s time for school. 该是上学的时候了。
It’s time to have breakfast (lunch, dinner). --It’s time for breakfast (lunch, dinner). 该吃早餐(午餐,晚餐)了。
It’s time to have English/Chinese/math class. -- It’s time for English/Chinese/math class.该上英语(语文,数学)课了。
What about pears -- How about pears 梨呢?
What about you -- How about you – And you 你呢?
Sure, here you are. --OK, here you are. -- Certainly, here you are. -- No problem, here you are. 当然可以(好的,没问题),给你。
What’s your favourite food -- What food do you like best
你最喜欢什么食物
What’s your favourite season -- Which season do you like best
你最喜欢哪个季节?
It’s Chen Jie. --This is Chen Jie.(电话用语) 我是陈洁。
Who is speaking – Who is that (电话用语) 你是谁?
4. 对应词
brother 兄,弟--sister姐,妹 uncle叔叔 --aunt阿姨 father 父亲--mother母亲 grandfather(外)祖父-- grandmother(外)祖母 man 男人--woman女人 girl 女孩--boy男孩 girlfriend女朋友-- boyfriend男朋友 here 这儿 – there 那儿 this这个-- that那个 these这些 --those那些 white白色的-- black黑色的 red 红色的--green 绿色的 morning早上-- evening晚上 day白天— night晚上
5. 同音词
Bb— bee蜜蜂— be是,成为 Cc— sea海洋— see看见 Gg— gee 哇
Ii— eye 眼睛 Oo— oh噢 Pp — pea豌豆 Qq— queue 排队
Rr— are是 Tt— tea茶 Uu— you你,你们 Yy— why为什么
know知道— no不 hi喂— high高的 meat肉—- meet遇见
too太,也— two二—to到 by通过—buy买— bye再见
sun太阳— son儿子 for为,给— four四 wear穿,戴— where哪里
our我们的—hour小时 right对的—write写 hear听见—here这儿 there在那边—their他/她/它们的 dear亲爱的—deer鹿 pear梨— pair一双/副…… father父亲—farther较远地 weight重量—wait等待 it's它是—its它的 who's是谁—whose谁的 aren’t 不是— aunt 阿姨
6. 缩写、完全形式
I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is we’re = we are they're=they are you're=you are I’ll = I will we’ll = we will there's=there is
there’re=there are that’s=that is can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not it’s=it is isn't=is not aren't=are not who’s = who is where’s=where is what’s=what is let's=let us I’d = I would I’d like = I would like I’d like to = I would like to
wouldn’t = would not I’ve = I have
通常情况下, 'm即am, 's即is (但 let's = let us), 're即are , n't即not (但can't=can not)
字母缩略词
星期与月份名称
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
(2)国家、组织名称
PRC中华人民共和国 USA美国 CAN加拿大 UK英国 UN联合国 WTO世界贸易组织 WHO世界卫生组织 IOC国际奥委会
(3)媒体、通讯和信息技术名称
BBC英国广播公司 VOA美国之音 CCTV中国中央电视台 MTV音乐电视 CD光盘 VCD录像光盘 DVD数字光盘 BBS电子公告栏 IT信息技术 CPU中央处理器 FAX传真 SOS国际呼救信号 Tel电话
(4)时间与长度单位
A.M.(a.m.)上午 P.M.(p.m.)下午 AD公元 BC公元前 m米 cm厘米 mm毫米 km千米
(5)型号与计量单位
S小号 M中号 L大号 XL加大号 g克 kg千克 t吨
(6)药物、疾病及学位
SARS非典 AIDS艾滋病 APC阿司匹林 Dr.博士
(7)其他
ABC基础知识 HK香港 WC公厕 KFC肯德基 Add.地址 ID身份证 IQ智商 EQ情商 UFO不明飞行物 IMP进口 EXP出口 EXIT安全出口VIP贵宾 ATM自动取款机 EMS邮政特快专递 WWW万维网
(四) 语法知识
一、字母需大写的情况
英文字母有大写和小写两种形式。但什么情况下使用大写字母呢?Let's go and have a look!
1. 英语句子开头的第一个单词的首字母要大写。
如:How are you 你好吗?
  This is a book.这是一本书。
2. 姓名中的姓和名的首字母都要大写。
  如:Ann Read安·里德, Zhou Hua周华
3. 表示称呼语或职务的词首字母要大写。
  如:Mr. Green格林先生, Dr. Li李博士 Uncle Wang王叔叔
4. 地名、语言名、某国人等词的首字母应大写。
  如:England英国, Beijing北京, English英语, Chinese汉语的、中国人
5. 表示编号的词要大写。
  如: Lesson Two第二课 Class 3 三班
6. 星期、月份、节日名称也应大写。
  如:Sunday星期日, September九月, Teachers' Day教师节
7. 大多数的缩略词、标志语要大写。
  如:CCTV 中国中央电视台 ID身份证 CD光盘 EXIT安全出口
8. "I"和"OK"在句中的任何位置都应大写。
  如:Tom and I are students. 汤姆和我是学生。
That's OK.不用谢。
9. 由普通名词构成的专有名词词组,实词的首字母须大写。
如:the Zhongshan Park中山公园 Renming Road人民路 Yilong Primary School异龙小学
10. 文章的标题、书名、报刊名称等,第一个单词和每一个实词的首字母都要大写。如:Unit 2 My Favourite Season
Unit 1 Welcome Back to School
标点:一个句子末尾必须有一个句号、问号或感叹号。英文句号用实心点,不要用小圈。逗号用在句子中间,表示一定的停顿。英文中没有中文的顿号。
二、可数名词与不可数名词
1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如teacher, farmer, desk, classroom等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, soup 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread, some milk等。
2、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:
He is a driver. 他是一名司机。
The bird is lovely. 这只小鸟很可爱。
No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。
The milk is in the fridge. 牛奶在冰箱里。
3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any等来修饰,表示"一些"。肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any。
如:There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。
There is some water on the floor. 地上有些水。
Are there any pandas in the mountains 山里有熊猫吗?
  4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如: a bowl of soup 一碗汤, a cup of tea一杯茶等。
  5、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:
This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
The slippers are expensive. 这双拖鞋很贵。
不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
The water is clear. 水很清。
There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。
  6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如:
  How many apples are there in the box 盒子里有多少个苹果?
  How much tea is there in the cup 杯里有多少茶水?
  注意:对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。 如:How many pieces of bread are there on the plate 盘子里有多少片面包?
可数名词复数的变化规则
A.一般情况下,词尾直接加-s,在清辅音后读/ s /,浊辅音或元音后读/ z /, 在t后读/ ts /,在d后读/ ds /。如:book—books bear—bears kite—kites bird—birds
B.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词,词尾加-es,读/ iz /。如:bus—buses box—boxes peach—peaches dish—dishes
C.以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe改成v,再加-es。 如:knife—knives shelf—shelves leaf—leaves wife—wives
D.以o结尾的单词,有生命的物质加-es, 如:tomato—tomatoes potato—potatoes 无生命的物质直接加-s,如:zoo—zoos photo—photos
E. 以元音字母加y结尾, 直接加-s,如:boy—boys toy—toys ;以辅音字母加y结尾, 先将y改i, 再加上-es, 如:strawberry—strawberries library—libraries city—cities family—families body — bodies
F. 特例 (特例常考,要记住)
  ① child → children ② man → men woman → women
 ③ foot → feet goose → geese tooth → teeth ④ mouse →mice
this →these that→ those
G. 单复数形式相同:deer sheep fish people 
名词所有格
1. 表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,在此名词词尾加 ’s 。
(1). 单数名词所有格加 ’s ,如:Mary’s book 玛丽的书John’s father 约翰的爸爸
(2). 以s结尾的复数名词所有格只加 ’,不以s结尾的复数名词所有格要加 ’s ,如:Teachers’ Day教师节 Children’s Day儿童节
(3). 表示几个人共同所有,仅在最后一个人的名字后加 ’s; 表示各自所有时,需在各自的名字后加 ’s , 如:Mary and Sarah’s room玛丽和萨拉共有的房间 Mary’s and Sarah’s rooms 玛丽和萨拉各自的房间
2. 表示无生命的东西的所有格形式,:名词+ of +所有者, 如:the name of the zoo 动物园的名字 the leg of a table 桌子的腿
(五)时态
一、一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常的习惯性动作或存在的状态。在表示客观事实和普遍真理时,也要用一般现在时。如:
I am a student. 我是一个小学生。
The boy is smart. 这个男孩很聪明。
I usually get up at 6:30. 我通常6:30起床。
She likes running. 她喜欢跑步。
His father is a doctor. 他爸爸是个医生。
Summer follows spring. 春去夏来。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
一般现在时常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
哪些主语属于第三人称单数?
1、第三人称代词 he, she, it. 例如:
  She likes English. 她喜欢英语。
  He is strict. 他很严格。
2、单独使用的人名、地名或称呼语。例如:
Jim often plays football with his friends.吉姆经常和他的朋友们踢足球。
Mike has a new friend. 迈克有个新朋友。
  Uncle Wang likes making cakes. 王叔叔喜欢做蛋糕。
3、不可数名词作主语时。例如:
  There is some juice in the fridge. 冰箱里有果汁。
4、单数可数名词作主语时。例如:
  The box is in your room. 箱子在你的房间里。
  What is that girl doing 那女孩在干什么?
5、单个数字、算式或单个字母作主语时。例如:
  Three plus nine is twelve. 三加九等于十二。
  "I" is an English letter. "I" 是个英语字母。
6、指示代词this, that等作主语时。例如:
This is her red pen. 这是她的红钢笔。
That is my aunt. 那是我阿姨。
7、代词one作主语时。例如:
  One of them is watching TV. 他们中的一个人正在看电视。
  The black one is a bird. 黑色的那个是只鸟。
第三人称单数形式(简称三单形式)
A.一般动词在词尾加-s,在清辅音后读/ s /,浊辅音或元音后读/ z /, 在t后读/ ts /,在d后读/ ds /。如:help—helps make—makes swim—swims get—gets find—finds ride—rides
B.以s, x , ch,sh结尾的动词在词尾加-es,读/ iz /。如:fix—fixes teach— teaches wash—washes
C.以o结尾的动词在词尾加-es,读/ z /。如:go—goes do—does
D. 以元音字母加y结尾的动词, 直接加-s,读/ z /。如:buy—buys play—plays。以辅音字母加y结尾的动词, 先将y变为i,再加-es,读/ z /。如:fly—flies study—studies carry—carries
E.不规则变化,如:have---has
二、现在进行时
现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。如:
I am reading a book. 我正在读书。
They are planting trees. 他们正在种树。
现在进行时由主语+ be动词(is/am/are) + doing(ing形式,即现在分词)构成。
现在分词由动词+ ing构成:
A.一般直接加-ing,如:work—working study—studying
B.以不发音的e结尾的词去e后加-ing,如:live—living write—writing
C. 以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾,双写词尾的辅音字母,再加ing。如:stop—stopping run —running swim—swimming begin—beginning
动词的三种形式
动词原形 动词的ing形式 动词的第三人称单数形式
做do doing does
do homework 做作业 do housework 做家务 do the dishes 洗碗碟do an experiment 做实验 do morning exercises 做早操
看 watch watching watches
watch TV 看电视 watch insects 观察昆虫
游泳swim swimming swims
滑冰 skate skating skates
飞 fly flying flies
fly a kite (fly kites) 放风筝
跳 jump jumping jumps
走 walk walking walks
跑 run running runs
爬 climb climbing climbs
climb mountains 爬山 climb trees 爬树
打架 fight fighting fights
荡 swing swinging swings
睡觉 sleep sleeping sleeps
居住 live living lives
教 teach teaching teaches
学习 study studying studies
study in the school 在学校学习
学习 learn learning learns
learn English 学习英语 learn Chinese 学中文
唱歌 sing singing sings
跳舞 dance dancing dances
吃 eat eating eats
eat breakfast 吃早餐 eat lunch 吃午饭 eat dinner 吃晚饭eat good food 吃好东西
读书 read reading reads
read a book (read books) 读书 read newspapers 看报纸
买 buy buying buys
buy presents 买礼物
划 row rowing rows
row a boat划船
看 see seeing sees
see elephants 看大象 see animals 看动物
探望、参观visit visiting visits
visit grandparents 看望外祖母 visit the Great Wall 参观长城
浇水 water watering waters
water the flowers 浇花
有、吃、喝、上课、举行 have having has
have a picnic 举行野餐 have English class 上英语课have some bread吃些面包 have some juice 喝些果汁
玩 play playing plays
play sports 进行体育运动 play football 踢足球 play basketball 打篮球 play the violin 拉小提琴 play the piano 弹钢琴 play chess 下棋 play computer games 玩电子游戏机
种植 plant planting plants
plant trees 种树 plant flowers 种花
画画 draw drawing draws
draw pictures
take taking takes
take pictures (photos) 照相 take a trip 去旅行 take off 脱下
写 write writing writes
write a report 写报告 write a letter (单数) write letters(复数)写信 write an e-mail (单数) write e-mails (复数)写邮件
数 count counting counts
count insects 数昆虫
收集 collect collecting collects
collect insects 收集昆虫 collect stamps 集邮 collect leaves 收集树叶
摘 pick picking picks
pick up leaves 采摘树叶
捉 catch catching catches
catch butterflies 捉蝴蝶
骑 ride riding rides
ride a bike 骑自行车 ride a horse 骑马
制作 make making makes
make a kite (make kites) 做风筝 make a snowman 堆雪人make the bed 铺床
get getting gets
get up 起床 get on 上车 get off 下车 get to 到达
去 go going goes
go to school 上学 go home 回家 go to bed 睡觉 go hiking 去远足 go to the playground去操场 go skating 去滑雪 go to work 去上班 go on a big trip 去旅行 go back 回去go shopping 买东西
煮 cook cooking cooks
做饭 cook the meals (cook dinner)
喝 drink drinking drinks
喝水 drink water drink juice 喝果汁
打扫 sweep sweeping sweeps
sweep the floor 扫地
清洁 clean cleaning cleans
打扫房间 clean the room 擦窗子clean the window
set setting sets
摆饭桌 set the table
洗 wash washing washes
洗衣服 wash the clothes 擦窗子 wash the windows
用 use using uses
用电脑 use a computer 用筷子use chopsticks
放 put putting puts
收拾衣服 put away the clothes put on the clothes穿上衣服
答 answer answering answers
听listen listening listens
听音乐 listen to music 听我说 listen to me
清空 empty emptying empties
倒垃圾 empty the trash
工作work working works
在…工作 work in (the school, the hospital , the factory)
来come Coming comes
回来come back 来自come from
(六) 句型专项归类
一、陈述句
用来说明一个事实和表达说话人的看法或观点的句子叫陈述句。陈述句通常用降调,句末用句号。如:
She is a good student. 她是一个好学生。
We do our homework after class. 我们课后做家庭作业。
陈述句有肯定陈述和否定陈述两种形式。
A. 肯定句
肯定句是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:
1. I'm a student. 我是学生。
2. She is a doctor. 她是医生。
3. He works in a farm. 他在农场工作。
4. There are four fans in our classroom. 我们教室有四台电扇。
5. He eats lunch at 12:00. 他12点吃午餐。
6. I often watch TV on Saturdays. 星期六我经常看电视。
B. 否定句
否定句是指含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:
1. I'm not a student. 我不是学生。
2. She is not (isn't) a doctor. 她不是医生。
3. He does not (doesn't) work in a farm. 他不在农场工作。
4. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom. 我们教室没有四台电扇。
5. He does not (doesn't) eat lunch at 12:00. 他不在12点吃午餐。
6. I do not (don't) watch TV on Saturdays. 星期六我不看电视。
☆注意:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not"。有系动词be和情态动词can / would等的句子则"not"加在其后,可缩写成"isn't, aren't, can’t, wouldn’t", 但am not 一般都分开写。没有系动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do, does),然后在它后面加上"not", 也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't 。这两个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择, 其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况。
二、疑问句
用来提问的句子叫疑问句。疑问句通常以系动词、情态动词和助动词开头,句末用问号。疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
A. 一般疑问句
  1. 定义
  能用yes / no(或相当于yes / no)回答的问句叫一般疑问句。
  2. 含系动词be的一般疑问句的构成
  当陈述句中有am /is / are时,可直接将它们提至主语前变成一般疑问句,但如遇第一人称,将其置换成第二人称。如:
  I'm a student. → Are you a student 你是一个学生吗?
  3. 含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成
  情态动词can/may/must/would等与am / is / are一样,也可直接将它们提至主语前,就变成了一般疑问句。如遇主语为第一人称,也要将其置换成第二人称。如:I can sweep the floor. →Can you sweep the floor 你会扫地吗?
  4. 含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成
  含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成稍微有点复杂,要在句首加助动词do或does, 如逢主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词为一般现在时的第三人称单数形式时,在句首加does,并将动词变回原形(如has→have, likes→like等),其他情况加助动词do,陈述句中的some还要变作any。如:
  She lives in Beijing. →Does she live in Beijing 她住在北京吗?
  I like English. →Do you like English 你喜欢英语吗?
  There are some books on my desk. →Are there any books on your desk
  5. 少数口语化的一般疑问句
  如问一个与前文相同的问句时,可省略成"And you "或"What about... " 或“How about... "等,甚至只抓关键词,读作升调。如:Your pen 你的钢笔?
  6. 小插曲:一般疑问句的语调
  大部分的一般疑问句都应读作升调(↗),并落在最后一个单词身上。如:Is it a Chinese book↗
  7. 一般疑问句的应答
用yes / no(或相当于yes / no的词)回答,并怎么问怎么答,简略回答时要注意缩写(否定的n't)和采用相应的人称代词以避免重复:即"Yes,主语(代词)+can或am / is / are或do / does."表示肯定, "No,主语(代词)+can或am / is / are或者do / does + not(n't)."表示否定。如:
1. Is Mary an American girl 玛丽是个美国女孩吗?
 Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. 是的,她是。/不,她不是。
2.Is she quiet 她文静吗?
No, she isn’t. She’s very active. 不,她不。 她很活跃。
3.Is she strict 她严格吗?
Yes, she is, but she’s very kind.是的,她是,但是她很和蔼。
4.Is this a teacher’s desk 这是一张讲桌吗?
Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
5. Is it cold 冷吗?Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t.
6. Is her birthday in June 她的生日在六月吗?
Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t. / Sorry, I don't know. 是的,在。/ 不,不在。/ 对不起,我不知道。
7. Is this your T-shirt 这是你的T恤衫吗?
Yes, it is. 是的。No, it isn’t. / No, it’s not. 不,不是的。
8. Is he playing chess 他正在下棋吗?
Yes, he is. 是的,他是。 No, he isn’t. 不,他没有。
9. Is she counting insects 她正在数昆虫吗?
Yes, she is. 是的,她是。No, she isn’t.不,她没有。
10. Are they ducks 它们是鸭子吗?
Yes, they are. 是的,它们是。 No, they aren’t. 不,它们不是。
11. Are they eating the bananas 它们正在吃香蕉吗?
Yes, they are. 是的,它们是。 No, they aren’t. 不,它们不是。
12. Are you eating lunch 你(们)正在吃午餐吗?
Yes, I am. / Yes, we are. 是的,我正在吃。/ 是的,我们正在吃。
No, I am not. / No, we aren’t. 不,我没有在吃。/ 不,我们没有在吃。
13. Is there a forest in the park 公园里有一片森林吗?
Yes, there is. 是的,那里有。
14. Is there a river 那里有条河吗?No, there aren’t. 不,那里没有。
15. Are there any pandas in the mountains 山里有一些熊猫吗?
Yes, there are. 是的,那里有。
16. Are there any fish in the rivers 河里有一些鱼吗?
No, there aren’t. 不,那里没有。
17. Can Lily cook dinner 莉莉会做饭吗?
Yes, she can. / No, she can't. / Sorry, I don't know. 是的,她会。/ 不,她不会。/对不起,我不知道。
18. Can you make the bed 你会铺床吗?Yes, I can. 是的,我会。
19. Can you use a computer 你会使用电脑吗? No, I can’t. 不,我不会。
20. Do you like English 你喜欢英语吗?
 Yes, very much. 是的,非常喜欢。
21. Does she/he like painting 她(他)喜欢画画吗? Yes, she/he does. 是的,她(他)是。No, she/he doesn’t. 不,她(他)不是。
B. 特殊疑问句
1. 定义
  以特殊疑问词开头,对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问 / 进行发问的句子叫特殊疑问句。
2. 特殊疑问词
(1). wh-开头外加能与之结伴同行的名词,如:What什么,why为什么,who谁, where哪里, which哪一个, what class什么课, what time几点, what colour 什么颜色 what number什么号码,what size 多少码
(2). how及和其他一些形容词连用组成的特殊疑问词组如: how 怎么样,how many 多少数量, how much 多少钱, how old 多大,how tall 多高, how long 多长, how big 多大, how heavy 多重
3. 特殊疑问句的构成:由"特殊疑问词+一般疑问句"构成:
  How old are you 你多大了?
  What's this in English 这个用英语怎么讲?
  但特殊疑问句有时也要"特殊解":即如果问的是主语或主语的定语时,这时的特殊疑问句成了"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。如:
  Who's in the bathroom 谁在卫生间里面?
  Which pen is red 哪枝钢笔是红色的?
4. 特殊疑问句的语调
  一般说来,特殊疑问句都要读成降调(↘),并往往让最后一个单词承担此重任。如:
  Which room are you in(↘) 你在哪个房间?
  Where is cat(↘) 小猫在哪里?
5. 对特殊疑问句的答复
  回答特殊疑问句,不能用"yes / no", 而应根据它所询问的内容直接作出回答,问什么答什么(尤其是简略回答更明显)。如:
  How old is your sister 你妹妹多大了?
She's five. / Five. 她5岁。
在回答时,问句中的名词在答句中常用代词代替,this和that指物常用it来代替,these和those指人或指物时常用 they来代替。例如:
Where is Mr. Black from He’s from New York.
What’s that It’s a pear.
What are those? They are potatoes.
特殊疑问词:
单词 意思 用法 what about …怎么样 问意见
when 什么时侯 问时间 what day 星期几 问星期
who 谁 问人 what date 什么日期 问具体日期
whose 谁的 问主人 what for 为何目的 问目的
where 在哪里 问地点 how …怎么样 问情况
which 哪一个 问选择 how old 多大 问年龄
why 为什么 问原因 how many 多少 问数量
what 什么 问东西 how much 多少 问价钱
what time 几点 问时间 how about …怎么样 问意见
what colour 什么颜色 问颜色 how far 多远 问路程
练一练
1、A: __________ is the boy in blue B: He’s Mike.
2、A: __________ sweater is it B: It’s Mike’s.
3、A: __________ is the library B: It’s on the second floor.
4、A: __________ is the Christmas Day B: It’s on the 25th of December.
5、A: __________ are the pears B: They are 25 yuan.
6、A: __________ is the notebook B: It’s blue.
7、A: __________ is it today B: It’s Sunday.
8、A: __________ is the date today B: It is the 1st of October.
9、A: __________ is your uncle B: He is a bus driver.
10、A: __________ fingers can you see B: I can see three.
11、A: __________ can you do? B: I can make a kite.
12、A: __________ are your sneakers B: They are blue.
13、A: __________ is your brother B: He’s 15 years old.
14、A: __________ season do you like best B: I like spring best.
15、A: __________ is your father’s name B: His name is Li Ming.
16、A: __________ are you B: I’m fine, thanks.
17、A: __________ is it now B: It’s eight o’clock.
18、A: __________ do you get up B: At six thirty.
19、A: __________ is your math teacher like B: He is young and tall.
20、A: __________ is the weather like today B: It’s rainy.
C. 选择疑问句
选择疑问句是提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择的疑问句。选择疑问句的回答不用yes或no,要根据实际情况选择一种情况作为回答。选择疑问句全句用or连接,朗读时前升后降。
选择疑问句有以下三种结构:
1、 一般疑问句+ or +可选择部分
Do you like coffee or tea 你喜欢咖啡还是茶?
2、 特殊疑问句+可选择部分+ or +可选择部分
Who is your math teacher, Miss White or Mr. Black 你们的数学老师是谁,怀特小姐还是布莱克先生
3、一般疑问句+ or not
Would you like to go or not 你愿不愿意去?
三、祈使句
表示请求、命令、劝告、建议别人做某事或不要做某事的句子叫祈使句。祈使句习惯上常常省略主语,句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时一般用降调。
1、肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),如:
Please stand up. 请起立。
Sit down, please.请坐下。
Look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
Turn on the light, please. 请打开灯。
2、 否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有please),如:
Don’t talk, please be quiet. 别讲话,请保持安静。
Don’t sit down, please. 不准坐下。
Don’t worry. 不要担心。
3、 以Let’s/ Let me开头的祈使句,如:
Let’s clean the classroom. 让我们一起来打扫教室。
Let’s have some fruit! 来吃些水果吧!
Let me clean the board. 让我来擦黑板。
4、不含动词的祈使句。如:
Quickly! 快点!
No parking! 请勿停车!
No smoking! 不准吸烟!
No photos. 禁止拍照。
No swimming. 禁止游泳。
四、感叹句
1. 由what引导的感叹句
what在句中修饰名词,其中的主语和谓语可以省略。如:
What a good student she is! 她是一个多好的学生啊!
What a big fish! 好大的一条鱼啊!
2. 由how引导的感叹句
how在句中修饰形容词和副词,其中的主语和谓语可以省略。如:
How beautiful the flower is! 这朵花多漂亮啊!
How funny! 太有趣了!
3. 特殊形式的感叹句
感叹句还可以有陈述句、疑问句、祈使句甚至是一个单词或词组构成,如:
Wonderful! 太棒了!
Cool! 太酷了!
Wow! 哇塞!
Year! 耶!
(七) 句型转换方法归纳
几种动词
动词表示人或物的动作或状态。动词有数、人称、时态的变化。按照动词的词义和在句中所起的作用来划分,动词可以分为四类:
1. 实义动词:play fly jump run
2. 系动词,也叫be动词: is am are
3. 助动词: do does
4. 情态动词: can may must would
改为一般疑问句
1、先找be动词 am, is, are或情态动词can, may, must, would等。如果有这些词,直接把这些词放在句子最前面, some 改成any,如果主语是第一人称则变成第二人称,句号改成问号,其余照抄。
2、如果句子中没有be动词或者是情态动词,要在句子最前面加助动词 do 或does。如果主语是第三人称单数,要在句子最前面前加助动词does,后面动词用原形,some 改成any,句号改成问号,如果主语是第一人称则变成第二人称,其余部分照抄。其他情况均要在句子最前面加助动词do,some改成any,句号改成问号,如果主语是第一人称则变成第二人称,其它部分照抄。
改为否定句
1、先找be动词 am, is, are或情态动词can, may ,must, would等。如果有这些词,直接在这些词的后面加not,some 改成any,其余照抄。
2、如果句子中没有be动词或者是情态动词,要在动词前面加don’t 或doesn’t。 如果主语是第三人称单数,要在动词前面前加doesn’t,后面的动词还原,some 改成any,其余部分照抄。 其他情况均要在句子动词前面加don’t,some改成any,其它部分照抄。
对划线部分提问(改为特殊疑问句)
第一步:先把句子改成一般疑问句
第二步:把提问部分省略,在句子最前面加特殊疑问词。如划线部分为主语,则用who代替,其余照抄。如果提问部分是动词词组,要把它改成do,是动名词词组,改成doing。句前加what。
人称代词
人称 单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I我 me我 we我们 us我们
第二人称 you你 you你 you你们 you你们
第三人称 he他 him他 they他们,她们,它们 them他们,她们,它们
she她 her她
it它 it它
物主代词
人称 单数 复数
第一人称 my我的 our我们的
第二人称 your你的 your你们的
第三人称 his他的 their他们的,她们的,它们的
her她的
its它的
系动词的搭配
人称 单数 系动词 复数 系动词
第一人称 I我 am we我们 are
第二人称 you你 are you你们 are
第三人称 he他 is they他们,她们,它们 are
she她
it它
(八) 复习加油站
1. 定冠词the和不定冠词a / an的选择:
定冠词the通常对修饰的名词有指定作用,表示“这个,那个,这些,那些”,世界上独一无二的东西,前面一般加定冠词the。表示某一类人或物中的任何一个,或表示人或物中的某一类,强调整体,用不定冠词a / an起介绍作用。
2. 不用冠词的情况:
(1) 在国名、地名、人名等专有名词前不用冠词
(2) 在季节、月份、星期、节日等名词前不用冠词
(3) 在一日三餐、球类名词、娱乐名称前不用冠词,如:play football play chess play computer games , 但乐器名称前一定要用定冠词the,如:play the piano play the violin play the guitar
3. a, an的选择: 元音音素(21个)开头的单词用an, 辅音音素(24个)开头的单词用a.
4. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
5. have , has 的选择: 表示某人、某物有某物。单数用has ,复数用have. I, you 用 have .
6. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物、某人或某时、某地有某事发生。单数、不可数名词用there is , 复数用there are, 如有几个并列的主语,be 动词由最靠近be 动词的那个主语决定,简称就近原则。如:
There is a table and two chairs in the room.
There are two chairs and a table in the room.
7. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.
8. how many 与how much 的选择:
(1).how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以下三种句式搭配,
How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少……
How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少……
How many + 名词复数 + are there… 有多少……
例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51.
(2). how much 用来提问不可数名词的数量,还可以问价钱。
例句:How much milk in the fridge 冰箱里有多少牛奶?
How much is your schoolbag? 你的书包多少钱?
How much are your socks 你的袜子多少钱?
9. of 的用法:
(1). …… 的
the first day of this year 今年的第一天 a photo of Jim’s family 吉姆的全家福
the name of the school 这所学校的名字
(2). 量词里的运用
a cup of 一杯 a pair of 一双 a piece of 一片 a glass of 一瓶
10. 动词→名词
teach—teacher work—worker swim—swimmer drive—driver
play—player speak—speaker write—writer run—runner
learn—learner sing—singer dance—dancer visit—visitor
climb—climber
11. 名词→形容词
在一些名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)。例如:rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, salt—salty, health—healthy, luck—lucky等。
注意:如果名词以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾,这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。如:sun—sunny, fun—funny
12. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事(表示一种长期的习惯、爱好)
like to do sth. 想要做某事(表示目前要做的动作)如:
I like swimming, but I wouldn’t like to swim. 我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游泳。
She doesn’t like painting, but she would like to paint. 她不喜欢画画,但她现在想画画。