定语从句知识点梳理+阅读理解综合复习+名校期末考真题-2020-2021学年上外版高一下册英语期末复习讲义（含答案）

2021年最新期末复习教师辅导教案4
学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数：
学员姓名： 辅导科目： 学科教师：
课程主题： 定语从句知识点梳理+阅读理解综合复习+名校期末考真题
授课时间：
学习目标
状语从句复习，掌握阅读理解解题技巧，提升综合能力
教学内容

基础题
1. ________ we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.
A. Whatever??????????????????? B. However C. Whenever????????????????? D. Whichever
2. Hard-working though he was, ________ there was never enough money to pay the bills.
A. /???????????????????????????? B. and C. but?????????????????????????? ?D. therefore
3. Much hard ________ he tried, he failed to catch up with the first runner.
A. although??????????????????? B. as C. while??????????????????????????D. when
4. ________ , I have to put it away and focus (集中) my attention on?study?this week.
A. However the story is amusing????? B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is????? D. No matter how the story is amusing
5. ________ he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually in the way.
A. Although　?????????? ??B. Unless C. Because　　?????? ??D. When
提高题
6. Paul has many ways to make a class active. _____, he is popular with his students.
A. As he is a young teacher B. He is as a young teacher
C. Young teacher as he is D. A young teacher as is he
7. She won’t leave the computer game _____ her husband is waiting for his supper.
A. as though B. even though C. whether D. whenever
8. _____ cell phones bring convenience to us in our daily life, they have also caused many social problems.
A. Because B. Whether C. While D. As
9._______these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination.
　 A. Even though B. As C. In spite of D. While
10. ______you write on a subject, you join in an ongoing, trans-historical conversation with others who have written about your topic.
A. No matter what B. Wherever C. Whenever D. No matter how
答案：1-5: AABCA 6-10:CBCDC

1143000269875概念
171450090805 时间状语从句
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
目的状语从句
分类 原因状语从句
状语从句 结果状语从句
方式状语从句
比较状语从句
让步状语从句
关键----连词
263588590805 时间状语从句
重要考点 让步状语从句
条件状语从
状语从句定义
Key concept: 状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，用于修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句一般由连词引导，连词不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。
【知识梳理1】时间状语从句的引导词
引导时间状语从句的从属连询很多，常见的有before，after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as等。
1. 时间状语从句常见的引导词：
1）表示“当……时候”：when
Eg. Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(在)莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。
批注：例句中的两个动作started和was, 都发生在过去，客观描述过去事实，动词既可以用短暂性的，也可以是持续性的。具体辨析见节讲解。
【例题精讲】
例1. It was April 29, 2011 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：2011年4月29日，威廉王子和凯特步入了婚姻的殿堂。
2）在...期间：while
　　He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
他在旅行期间参观了许多地方。
批注：例句中的两个动作visit和was traveling, 都发生在过去，主句用过去式描述过去发生的动作，从句用过去进行式表示一短时间持续的动作，用延续性动词travel.
3）在...的同时；一边...一边...：as
　　We always sing as we walk.
我们总是一边走一边唱。
批注：例句中的两个动作sing和walk几乎是同时发生的，用连词as连接表示一边…一边…的意思。
4）在...之后：after
　　He left the classroom after he had finished his homework.
他做完作业之后就离开教室。
5）在...之前：before
　　Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
布朗先生来这里之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。
【例题精讲】
例1. John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
【答案】C
【解析】所填词引导状语从句, 构成It（will）be+时间段+状语从句, 意思是：过多久才将......, 选C。
常用句型：
It is/was (not) +时间+before+从句
It will (not) be+时间+before+从句
6）until/till
until在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词，表示相应动作结束的时间；在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到……才”。
Eg. He waited until she was about to leave. 他一直等到她准备离开。
I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。
批注：这两个例句中，第一个动词wait是延续性动词表示在某动作结束之前，一致保持的动作。
第二个例句中，第一个动词begin是一个短暂性动词，表示知道他走了之后我才开始工作。
【例题精讲】
例1. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life______ we’ve actually had that lesson.
until B. after C. since D. when
【答案】A
【考点】本题考查状语从句的引导词。
【解析】句意为：对我们来说在生活中得到启示是很难的, 直到我们真正得到了那一启示。A项为 “直到”；B项为 “在……以后”；C项为 “自从……以来”；D项为 “当……的时候”。
7）表示“一……就”:
表示“一……就”除用as soon as外，还可用the minute, the second, the instant, the moment, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner... than, scarcely/hardly... when等。
Eg. I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。
Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。
批注：第一个例句从句用过去式came，主句用过去时called,表示一…就…的意思。
第二个例句中，从句用过去式，主句用过去完成时。
总结：
连词短语表示的意思都是“一…就…的意思”。
当主句是一般现在时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时；
no sooner... than, hardly... when等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。
8）表示“截止…(时间)”：
by the time的意思是“截止…(时间)”，可以引导时间状语从句。By the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。
Eg. By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。
By the time you receive this letter, I will have left this city for my hometown.
批注：这两个例句中，第一个例句从句用过去式got home，主句用过去完成时had already gone to bed。
第二个例句中，从句用一般现在是，主句用将来完成时。
扩展：
“by+时间”还可以构成各种短语，在句子中作时间状语：
By then(截止那时); by nine o’clock（截止9点钟）
By the end of last year（截至去年年底）； by last year（截止去年）；
By the end of next year（截止明年年底）
时间状语从句高考重难点突破
1. when, while和as的区别：
Eg.
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.
当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）
　　 We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。(瞬间动词)
批注：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
Eg.
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
　 　I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）
批注：While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。
Eg.
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
批注：As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后”。
【例题精讲】
例1. In some places women are expected to earn money ______ men work at home and raise their children.
A. but B. while C. because D. though
【答案】B
【考点】本题考查连词的用法。
【解析】句意为：有些地方, 妇女被要求挣钱而男人在家里干活和养育孩子。从该句句意可知, 此题用while表示妇女与男人两种情况的对比。A项but表示转折, C项because表示原因, D项though表示让步, B项while表示并列。
2. before与after的区别：
Eg.
　　It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
　　Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。
（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）
批注：注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。
3. before与since的区别
Eg：
　　I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
　　Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？
批注：since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。
【例题精讲】
例1. It is almost five years____ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since? C. after ? D. when
例2. As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.
A. when B. before C. after D. since
1.【答案】B
【考点】本题考查连词的用法辨析。
【解析】自我们上次见面已经过去5年了
2.【答案】D
【考点】考查状语从句。
【解析】“It is + 时间段 +since + 从句（谓语为一般过去时）”为固定句型，故【答案】选D。句意为：“正如所报道的那样，自从清华大学建校以来已有100年时间了。”
4. “一…就”表达方式：
Eg.
　　He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。
　　No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.
太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。
批注：hardly (scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。
主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。
【巩固练习】（建议 10 分钟）:
基础题：
1. It was quiet ________ those big trucks started coming through the town.
A. before B. after C. until D. unless?
2. It seemed only seconds ________ the boy finished washing his face.
A. when B. before C. after D. even if
3. Hardly had he reached the school gate ________ the bell rang.
A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as?
4. We were told that we should follow the main road _____ we reached the central railway station.
A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever
5. I recognized you ________ I saw you at the airport.
A. the moment B. while
C. after D. once?
6. He was about to go to bed ________ the doorbell rang.
A. while B. as C. before D. when
7.________I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
A. Every time B. When
C. While D. Until
8. _____ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
A. As B. As soon as
C. While D. Till
9. The children ran away from the orchard (果园) ______ they saw the guard.
A. the moment B. after
C. before D. as
10. No sooner had I arrived home _____ it began to rain.
A. when B. while C. as D. than
11. Several weeks had gone by _____ I realized the painting was missing.
A. as B. before C. since D. when
12. It _____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be; will know B. is; will know
C. will not be; know D. is; know
13. –What was the party like?
?? ?--Wonderful.??It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. before C. when D. since
14. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_____.
A. will arrive B. arrives
C. is going to arrive D. is arriving
提升题：
15. _____ got into the room _____ the telephone rang.
A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when
C. He had not; then D. Not had he; when
16. No sooner had he finished his talk _____ he was surrounded by the workers.
A. as B. then C. than D. when
17. --Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
--Yes, I gave it to her _____ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment
C. suddenly D. once
18. I thought her nice and honest _____ I met her.
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
19. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
20. The moment the 28th?Olympic Games _____ open, the whole world cheered.
A. declared B. have been declared
C. have declared D. were declared
答案：CBBBA??DACAD??BCDBB??CBCCD
【巩固练习】
基础题
1. 那位科学家认为，还要好几年这个理论才能付诸于实践。(before)
2. 每次叫他做家务，他总是假装在看书。(every time)
3. 互联网是个人电脑发明以来最重要的进步。（since）
4. 如果你一收到消息就能给我答复的话，我将不胜感激。(the moment)
5. 我们正在散步突然下起了大雨。（when）
提升题
6. 我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（once）
7. 她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner)
8. 不久之后，一些药品的价格就会再一次下调。（before）
1. The scientist believed that it would be years before the theory was put into practice.
The scientist believes that it will be years before the theory is put into practice.
2. Every time he is asked to do housework, he always pretends to be reading.
3.The Internet is the most important development since the creation/invention of the personal computer
4. I would appreciate it very much if you could reply to me/give me a reply the moment you receive the message.
5. We were walking when it rained heavily. /We were having a walk when it rained hard.
6. We all agree that once the conclusion of the investigation is drawn, it will be made known to the public as soon as possible.
7. No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization.
8. It will not be long before the price of some medicine is reduced again.
【知识梳理2】原因状语从句
1. Because, since, as和for的区别
1）语气：都可意为“因为”，但在语气上，because表示内在的、必然的因果关系，语气最强。其次是since，as, for。
Eg. He has to leave because it is too late.
批注：because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。
Eg. You needn’t go with me, as you are busy.
As I was afraid, I hid myself.
批注：as用来表示原因时，只说明一般的因果关系，语气没有because重，它所引导的从句，可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。
2）词性：Because, since, as都是从属连词。
For是一个并列连词，用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由，for引导的并列句，一般放在所要说明的句子的后面。
【例题精讲】
例1. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2006北京)
A. and B. for C. but D. or
【答案】：B
【解析】：“his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因， 因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句。
3）位置：
Eg. I went to see him, for I had something to tell him.
我去见他，因为我有事要告诉他。
As it was late, I had to go.
由于太晚了，我必须走了。
Since everybody is here, let’s begin.
既然大家都知道了，我们开始吧。
【例题精讲】
例1. A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A. so B. but C. and D. for
【答案】：D
【解析】：下划线处之后的句子补充说明“a man cannot smile like a child”的原因， 应选用for表原因
2. 原因状语从句易错点
1）as与since, now that —样表示双方都知道的原因，通常位干主句前，且均不可用于强调结构中被强调。
2）当表示直接的因果关系，回答why时，或有only, just, all, partly, not, but等副词修饰时，或用在强调结构中都只能用because。
3）for有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位干后面，不能位于句首，切前面要有都好与前一分句分开，对前一分句加以解释或推断。
4）不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so连用。
【巩固练习】
基础题
______ he was eating, he remained silent.
A. Since B. For C. While D. Because
______ we have come, let’s stay and enjoy it.
A. For B. As C. Because D. Since
Mary came to France in 1980 and it wasn’t long ______ she became a French citizen.
A. while B. since C. before D. when
______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. As D. While
He can’t have gone out, ______ the light is still on.
A. because B. since C. as D. for
______ journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher.
A. Although B. Even C. No matter D. Now that
Mrs. Green was preparing dinner ______ her husband hurried back.
A. before B. after C. while D. when
It was ______ he wasn’t ready that we went without him.
A. because of B. because C. since D. as
______ you know the importance of English, you should study it harder.
A. Because B. Though C. Even D. Now that
______ you have seen bother fighters, ______ will win?
A. Since…do you think who B. As…who do you think
C. When…whoever D. Since…who do you think
答案：1-5：CDCCD 6-10：ADBDD
【巩固练习】
提高题
1.既然经济舱位的票很畅销，我们应尽快打电话到售票处询问一下，以免坐失良机。(now that)
2.中国达人秀(China Talent Show) 吸引了成千上万名各个年龄层的人，因为它给普通人以展示自我的机会。(because)
3.谈判双方只关心各自利益，且对各自应承担的责任意见相左，至今没有在该问题上达成最终协定。 (As…)
4. 由于粗心的新郎把那枚代表着爱情恒久远的钻戒落在了车上，所以新娘很不高兴。(because)
5. 流行音乐之所以在年轻人中流行是因为它能满足年轻人表达自己情感的需求。(because)
1. Now that the tickets for economy class are popular, we should call the booking/ ticket office to inquire as soon as possible, so that we won’t miss/lose the golden chance.
2. China Talent Show has attracted thousands of people of all ages, because it offers ordinary people opportunities to show themselves.
3. As negotiating parties only care about their own interests and hold different opinions on the duties they should take (respectively), so far no final agreement on the issue has been reached.
4. Because the careless bridegroom left the diamond ring which stands for everlasting love on the car, the bride was so upset.
5. Pop music/ is popular among young people / because it meets their needs/ demands/ requirements/ to express their feelings.
【知识梳理3】让步状语从句
1. 让步状语从句常见的引导词：
1）Though和although: 都表示“尽管…”的意思
（×）: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
（√） : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
（×）: Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
（√）: Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
批注：两者都当虽然讲，但从以上两个例句来看，两者且都可以与yet/still连用，但是不能与but连用。
注意：although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多；
though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
【例题精讲】
例1. Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
A. whether B. although C. for D. so
例2.______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.
A. Although ?B. As long as ?C. If only ? D. As soon as
1.【答案】B
【解析】句意为：尽管我很费力才将他叫醒，但Frank坚持说他没有睡着。Although引导让步状语从句。
2.【答案】A
【解析】根据句意, 引导让步状语从句。故选A。
2）as意为“虽然，尽管……”
　　Eg. Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.
　　 Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….
批注：他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。though 也有这种用法，可以替换as,但although没有这种用法. 引导让步状语从句时，as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。
注意：
1. 名词提句首时，不加冠词：
e.g. Teacher as he is ,he likes Chinese very much
(teacher 前不加a或the）
　　2. though还可以用作副词，放在句末。
e.g It was hard work;; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.
那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。
【例题精讲】
例1.____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
【答案】B
【解析】As作引导让步状语从句的连词时, 从句中的表语要提到as之前。如果表语是单数可数名词, 名词前的不定冠词要省去。【答案】B。
3）ever if, even though.　即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
批注：even if/even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导的让步状语从句的内容既可以是事实，也可以是一种假设。
4）whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however等引导意为“无论……都……”
Eg. No matter what happened, he would not mind.
　　Whatever happened, he would not mind.
批注：要注意连词在让步状语从句中所作的句子成分，例句中，whatever在句中作主语，另外，还要注意从句的语序。
【例题精讲】
例1. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands with.
whichever B. whenever C. whoever D. wherever
例2. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
1.【答案】C
【解析】句意为“我们不论是跟谁握手的时候，我们常常将手套取下，以示尊敬。”shake hands with sb.表示“与某人握手”，本句中的with后缺少宾语，结合句意选C项，whoever在句中引导让步状语从句。
2.【答案】C
【考点】让步状语从句
【解析】根据句意 “无论你有多么严重的问题, 你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”, 而however表让步时其顺序应是：however + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。however做连接副词, 相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词, 意为 “无论、不管” , 引导让步状语从句, 其序为 “however+形容词、副词+主语+谓语”。
5）while意为“尽管，虽然”
eg. While I admit his good points I can see his bad.
尽管我承认他的长处,但我也看到了他的不足。
批注：以上两个例句中，while引导让步状语从句, 多用于句首。意为“尽管,虽然”。while还常常作并列连词用,意思为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折，如下句所示：
Eg. There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast.
东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。（表示对比）
【例题精讲】
例1. __________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：虽然排球是她的主要项目，但她还擅长篮球。while“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。Since“自从”once“一旦”unless“除非”均不合题意。
【知识梳理4】目的、结果状语从句常见的引导词
引导目的、结果状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear, so…that, such…that等。
1）So that: 表示“目的是……结果是……”
Eg. I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.
我租了一条船去约鱼。（目的）
He always studied hard so that he made great progress.
他总是努力地学习，结果他取得了很大的进步。（结果）
批注：第一个例句中表示目的，表示租船的目的就是为了能够去钓鱼，为钓鱼提供了交通便利的结果。
第二个例句中表示结果，通过努力学习，学生实现了成绩提高的结果。
辨析：
So that意思是“目的是……;结果是……”，既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。
引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。而引导结果状语从句时，则通常没有情态动词

【例题精讲】
例1.Pop music is such an important part of society ________it has even influenced our language.
A. As B. that C. which D. where
例2．I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.
A .as soon as B .as a result? C .in case D .so that
1.【答案】：B
【解析】流行音乐是我们社会的那么重要的一部分以至于已经影响了我们的语言。这说明流行音乐带来的
结果，本句是结果状语从句。结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so…that，such…that.结果状语放在主句之
后。注意：在so…that，such…that结构中一般成分齐全。这也是与as引导定语从句的区别。在so…as，
such…as这一结构中，as引导定语从句，在句中做成分
2.【答案】D
【解析】句意为：我早到20分钟的目的是能有时间喝点茶。as soon as一……就……, 引导时间状语从句；
as a result结果；in case以免, 万一（发生……）。故【答案】为so that。
2）in order that意思是“以便……，为了……”
He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam.
他努力学习是为了能通过考试。
批注：例句中前后句都是意义完整的两句话，用in order that连接表示前句做事的目的是什么，此外In
order that和so that表示目的是一样，从句的谓语里常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动
词。
3）so…that/such…that表示“如此……以至于……”的意思
　　He was so angry that he couldn't speak.
他气得话都说不出来。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.
他关窗子用力太大，玻璃都震破了。
批注：两个例句中，二者都可引导结果状语从句，且含义相同，但在用法上有一定的区别。

目的、结果状语从句引导词用法辨析
1）so… that与such…that
So…that…: 句型中的so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词，意思是“如此/这么……以致于……”
1529080146051.主语+谓语+so+adj. / adv. + that从句。
The boy ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.
He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.
1.主语+谓语+so+adj. / adv. + that从句。
The boy ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.
He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.
108394586995
284480121285so…
that…
so…
that…
15316201384302. so+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+that从句。例如：
She made so good a meal that we all ate far too much.
她做的饭菜那么好吃，结果我们都吃得太多了。
It was so good an exhibition that I went to see it several times.
展览是那么好，结果我就去看了好几次。
2. so+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+that从句。例如：
She made so good a meal that we all ate far too much.
她做的饭菜那么好吃，结果我们都吃得太多了。
It was so good an exhibition that I went to see it several times.
展览是那么好，结果我就去看了好几次。
1531620977903. so+ many / much / few / little（少）+名词+that从句。
I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
我跌了那么多跤，全身跌得青一块，紫一块的。
3. so+ many / much / few / little（少）+名词+that从句。
I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
我跌了那么多跤，全身跌得青一块，紫一块的。
在such... that...句型中，such修饰名词，意思也是“如此……以致于……”
1862455419101. such + a (n)+形容词+单数名词+that从句
This is such a good book that all of us like it very much.
这是一本很好的书，我们大家都喜欢读一读。
1. such + a (n)+形容词+单数名词+that从句
This is such a good book that all of us like it very much.
这是一本很好的书，我们大家都喜欢读一读。
122682059690
1848485-165102. such+形容词+复数名词+that从句
He had such long arms that he could almost touch his knees.
他的胳膊很长，几乎就能够到他的膝盖。
It was so good an exhibition that I went to see it several times.
展览是那么好，结果我就去看了好几次。
2. such+形容词+复数名词+that从句
He had such long arms that he could almost touch his knees.
他的胳膊很长，几乎就能够到他的膝盖。
It was so good an exhibition that I went to see it several times.
展览是那么好，结果我就去看了好几次。
160020204470such…that…
such…that…
18624551441453. such+（形容词）+不可数名词+that从句
It was such fine weather yesterday that we went swimming.
昨天天气很好，我们去游泳了。
3. such+（形容词）+不可数名词+that从句
It was such fine weather yesterday that we went swimming.
昨天天气很好，我们去游泳了。
1862455158754. one (no, any, all, many, some, several, 等)+such+可数名词+that从句
There are many such good books that I can’t decide which one
to choose.
有这么多的好书，我无法决定选择哪一本。
4. one (no, any, all, many, some, several, 等)+such+可数名词+that从句
There are many such good books that I can’t decide which one
to choose.
有这么多的好书，我无法决定选择哪一本。
【例题精讲】
例1. His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it. (2006陕西)
A. so B. and C. that D. as
例2. We were in ____ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海)
A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush
1.【答案】：B
【解析】流行音乐是我们社会的那么重要的一部分以至于已经影响了我们的语言。这说明流行音乐带来的
结果，本句是结果状语从句。结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so…that，such…that.结果状语放在主句之
后。注意：在so…that，such…that结构中一般成分齐全。这也是与as引导定语从句的区别。在so…as，
such…as这一结构中，as引导定语从句，在句中做成分
2.[答案] D
[解析] 表示“如此匆忙”可以用“in so anxious a rush”或者“in such an anxious rush”。
so that 和 in order that的区别
a) so that引导的从句只能放在主句之后;而in order that引导的从句既可放在主句前也可放在主句后。
b) that还可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”，但in order that不能。
Eg. He was very humorous so that we liked him very much.
他非常幽默，因此我们非常喜欢他。
to, in order to，so as to, so that，in order that来表示目的的区别：
Eg. He got up early to /in order to/ so as to catch the first bus.
他早起为了赶上第一趟车。
批注：to, in order to，so as to引导的是目的状语短语，构成简单句；
Eg. Speak clearly so that everybody can understand you.
请说清楚一点，这样每个人都能听懂。
批注：so that, in order that 引导的是目的状语从句，构成复合句，并且从句中谓语动词常与can, could,
may, might等情态动词连用。
【巩固练习】（建议 3 分钟）
Read it aloud _____ the class can hear you.
A. so that B. if C. when D. although
She was _____ tired _____ she could not move an inch.
A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that D. so, as
Although it's raining, _____ are still working in the field.
A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they
Speak to him slowly _____ he may understand you better.
A. since B. so that C. for D. because
I hurried _____ I wouldn't be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
【巩固练习】（建议 5 分钟）
1.大厅里座位太少了，以至于不少人不得不站着听报告。 （so… that …）
2.各个地区采取了措施，使未能回家的人一起过了个快乐年。(so that)
3.他是一个热心肠的人，把大量的时间花在了志愿者工作上。（such…that）
答案：1-5：AAABB
1. There are so few seats in the hall that quite a lot of persons have to stand for the lecture.
2. Measures were taken in different areas so that those who had failed to go back home celebrated the New Year with delight.
3. He is such a warm-hearted person that he has devoted a lot of his spare time to volunteering work.
【知识梳理5】条件状语从句条件状语从句常见的引导词
1.In case表示 “如果”、“万一”
Eg. -- In case I forget, please remind me about it.
如果我忘了，请提醒我。
批注：in case 的意思是“万一，以防”，常用来引导条件状语从句。
197929552070in case 的用法注意事项：
in case 的用法注意事项：
扩展：

4826045720in case 与in case of性质不同：
in case 可用作连词和副词；
in case of 用作介词。
Eg. In case of fire, ring the bell.
如发生火灾，请按铃。
The wall was built along the river in case
of floods.
沿江筑了堤坝以防有洪水。
in case 与in case of性质不同：
in case 可用作连词和副词；
in case of 用作介词。
Eg. In case of fire, ring the bell.
如发生火灾，请按铃。
The wall was built along the river in case
of floods.
沿江筑了堤坝以防有洪水。
3190875514352. in case与if有时意思不同
Eg. I’ll come tomorrow in case Ann wants
me.
明天我要来，以备安找我。
I’ll come tomorrow if Ann wants me. 如果安找我，我明天就来。
介词短语 in case of…与 if there is…的意思却相同
2. in case与if有时意思不同
Eg. I’ll come tomorrow in case Ann wants
me.
明天我要来，以备安找我。
I’ll come tomorrow if Ann wants me. 如果安找我，我明天就来。
介词短语 in case of…与 if there is…的意思却相同
2）if和unless 表示“如果，除非……;如果不……”的意思,相当于if…not…,有时二者可以换用。
　　Eg. If you have any questions or comments, you can voice them now.
你们如果有任何疑问或意见，可以现在提出。
【例题精讲】
例1. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water______ they are not managed carefully.?
A. though B. before C. until D. if
例2. In time of serious accidents, we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.
A. whether B. until C. if D. unless
1.【答案】D
【解析】句意为：如果小帆船没有被仔细掌控好的话, 那么在水中就很容易被打翻。if如果, 引导条件状
语从句。
2.【答案】C
【解析】本题考查连词的用法, 根据句意, 此处为条件状语从句, 故C项正确。
3）as long as和so long as表示“只要”的意思
　　 Eg. 1. Naturally, so long as they can understand.
当然可以，只要他们能理解。
2.as long as one lives; so long as there is still breath left in one 一息尚存
【例题精讲】
例1. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy.
A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though
【答案】C
【解析】根据题干意思可知此处是条件状语从句, 引导词意思是：只要, 选C。even though引导让步状语
从句, 意思是：即使；as soon as引导时间状语从句, 意思是：一……就……；as though引导方式状语从
句, 意思是：仿佛, 好像。
4）Provided/supposing/on condition that表示“在……的条件下”
Eg. We can finish the job in time provided/on condition that there is a stable supply of material.
在材料供应稳定的前提下，我们能够按时完成任务。
批注：provided that表示“在……的前提/条件下”，就是on condition that，其格式固定，不用providing
that。
Supposing that now you are at the airport, then you can directly take the blue bus to get to the hotel.
如果你现在到了机场，你可以直接乘坐巴士到酒店。
批注：supposing that也表示“在……的前提/条件下”. 假设你已经到达了机场的条件下，你就可以选择巴
士公共交通去酒店了。
5）once表示“一旦……就……”
Eg. Once I killed you, you are not able to live on.
一旦我杀了你，你就不能存活了。
批注：once引导条件状语从句，表示“一旦”。Once可以用作时间状语从句，也可以翻译成为一……就……，
只是哪个更贴切的不同。
【例题精讲】
例1. environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem（生态系统）to recover.?
A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once
【答案】D
【解析】even if即使, 即便, 用于引导让步状语从句；if only要是……就好了, 多用于感叹句, 要用虚拟语
气；while可引导时间状语从句；once一旦……引导条件状语从句。此题意为：一旦环境遭到破坏, 生态
系统就要花费很多年的时间才能得到恢复。
条件状语从句的时态
1）遵循原则
主句与从句时态上保持一致的原则。
Eg. He’ll be a doctor when he finishes studying here.
他结束在这儿的学习之后，将会成为一名医生。
批注：条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时，有时也可以用现在进行时和现
在完成时。两个例句中的主句都是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
Eg. If you get the book, let me know.
如果你弄到了那本书，告诉我一声。
批注：有时主句中用祈使句和情态动词来替代将来时态。
3）Eg. What do you want to do if you have much money?
如果你有很多钱，你想要做什么？
批注：如果主句谓语动词是want, hope等词，则条件状语从句用一般现在时。
4）在有些句子中，主、从句都可用一般现在时
Eg. If you ring this number, no one answers.
如果你打这个电话号码，不会有人接。
—What would you do if it tomorrow?
—We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
【答案】B
【解析】第二句的语境已经暗示：我们得继续执行（计划）, 因为一切已经准备就绪。第一句中的would
为情态动词, 表示意愿, 并非过去时态。
（建议 10 分钟）
翻译练习：
如果你有任何疑问或意见，可以现在提出。
除非你吃肉，否则这种旅行就不适合你，因为这个地方的人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。
带上些钱，万一你想要买一些东西呢。
只要你不放弃，我们就能找到克服困难的办法。
答案：
If you have any questions or comments, you can voice them now.
Unless you eat meat, this tour is not for you as people there live on animals, birds and fish.
Take some money with you in case you want to buy something.
As/so long as you don’t give up, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.

专项讲解---阅读理解综合复习
【知识梳理】
知识点1
细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。??
设题方式??
? 此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。
技巧点拨?
做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来设置陷阱，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。?
知识点2
主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和归纳能力。主要有主题型和标题型两类，题干中一般有main idea, topic, title, mainly about等字眼。
答题基本步骤
①阅读文章开头几句和最后几句，以便获得有关主题和中心思想的信息。
②浏览文章的其余部分，寻找能支撑和论证主题、中心思想的关键词。
③仔细推敲各个选项，排除有明显错误或无关信息的选项，从而选出最佳答案。
【教学建议】梳理事实细节题和主旨大意题的常用方法，帮助学生理清阅读思路，提高阅读效率。
【例题精讲】
Well, parents, surprise! Lots of us are using Twitter and Facebook to find rides, and not just to school. It’s awkward to call a friend and ask for a ride, and half the time they’ll say, “Sorry, my car is full.” But with Twitter, you just look for other people heading the same way.
It may sound risky, but many teens stay within their own social circles to find rides, and don’t branch out beyond friends of friends when asking on Twitter. For me, I only rideshare with people I know, but to some young people, especially those taking longer trips, stranger danger is less of a concern.
The sharing economy got big during the recession（经济衰退）. It allows people to access more goods and services using technology, while also allowing them to share cost. And that technology, for me, is what the car was for my mom, a gateway to more freedom.
According to the researchers at the University of Michigan, 30 years ago, eight in ten American 18-year-olds had a driver’s license. Today it’s six in ten. So it’s not that surprising that on my 16th birthday I wasn’t rushing to get a license. All I wanted was an iPhone. Juliet Schor (Sociology professor at Boston College) knows people my age love being connected and for young people driving means they have to disconnect from their technology, and that’s a negative. So if they could sit in the passenger side and still be connected, that’s going to be a plus.
To me, another plus is ridesharing represents something much bigger than trying to save money. I see it as evidence that people still depend on each other. My generation shares their cars and apartments the way neighbors used to share cups of sugar. For the system to work, some of us still need our own cars. But until I get my own version of the silver Super Beetle, you can find me on Twitter.
1.The writer usually rideshares with _____.
A. anyone heading the same way B. people he knows
C. friends of friends D. strangers of his age
2.Fewer young people choose to ride by themselves because _____.
A. driving means offering free rides to others.
B. getting a driving license becomes more difficult.
C. driving one’s own cars causes a negative impression.
D. driving makes them disconnected from technology.
3.We can conclude from the passage that _____.
A. the writer rideshares just to save money
B. people under 18 are not allowed to drive
C. silver Super Beetle is the writer’s favorite
D. the older generation had to fight for freedom
4.Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Teens use Twitter to thumb rides.
B. Tips on reducing risks in ridesharing.
C. Car is no longer a gateway to freedom.
D. New generation knows how to save money.
【答案解析】
1 B。细节题。根据第二自然段For me, I only rideshare with people I know, but to some young people, especially those taking longer trips, stranger danger is less of a concern.可知选择B。
2 D。细节题。根据第四自然段for young people driving means they have to disconnect from their technology, and that’s a negative. 所以选择D。
3 C。推理判断题。根据第五自然段To me, another plus is ridesharing represents something much bigger than trying to save money.排除A；根据第四自然段eight in ten American 18-year-olds had a driver’s license. 排除B；C选项属于无中生有，根据最后一自然段But until I get my own version of the silver Super Beetle, you can find me on Twitter. 可推知选择D。
4 A。主题归纳题。本篇文章开篇说了一个现象，那就是Teens use Twitter to thumb rides.
接着讲解了利用Twitter 去请求搭乘车的利弊。另外文章一直出现一个词 rideshares ，高频词一般都会出现在主题句中，所以综合选择A。
【教学建议】语篇精讲时，引导学生先从整体上抓住文章主旨，然后从上下文找到题目中所需的事实细节依据。
【巩固练习】
(1)
In October 1961 at Crowley Field in Cincinnati Ohio an old deaf gentleman named William E. Hoy stood up to throw the first ball of the World Series. Most people at Crowley Field on that day probably did not remember Hoy because he had retired(退休) from professional baseball 58 years earlier in 1903. However he had been an outstanding player and the deaf people still talk about him and his years in baseball.
William E. Hoy was born in Houckstown Ohio on May 23, 1862. He became deaf when he was two years old. He attended the Columbus Ohio School for the deaf. After graduation he started playing baseball while working as a shoemaker.
Hoy began playing professional baseball in 1886 for Oshkosh(Wisconsin) of the Northwestern League. In 1888 he started as an outfielder(外场手) with the old Washington Senators. His small figure and speed made him an outstanding base runner. He was very good at stealing bases during his career. In the 1888 major league season he stole 82 bases. He was also the Senators’ leading hitter in 1888. Hoy was clever and he threw right-handed and batted left-handed. On June 19,1889 he threw out three batters(击球手) at the plate from his outfield position.
The arm signals used by judges today to show balls and strikes began because of Hoy. The judge lifted his right arm to show that the pitch was a strike and his left arm to signal that it was a ball.
For many years people talked about Hoy’s last ball game in 1903. He was playing for Los Angeles of the Pacific Coast Winter League. It was a memorable game because Hoy hit a wonderful ball which won the game. It was a very foggy day and therefore very hard to see the ball. In the ninth inning(棒球的一局) with two men out, Hoy managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. Los Angeles defeated their opposition and won the game.
　　After he retired Hoy stayed busy. He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years. He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches. Until a few years before his death he took 4-10 mile walks several mornings a week. On December 15, 1961 William Hoy died at the age of 99.
　　1. In which order did the following things happen in Hoy’s life?
　　a. Hoy worked as a shoemaker.
　　b. Hoy began to run a diary farm.
　　c. Hoy played a memorable game in the heavy fog.
　　d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series.
　　e. Hoy became deaf.
A. d e a c b
B. e a c b d
C. d a e c b
D. e a b c d
　　2. We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy _______ in his late years.
A. became famous
B. led a relaxed life
C. traveled around the world
D. was in good physical condition
　　3. This passage is mainly about _______.
　　A. a deaf player devoted to the game of baseball
　　B. baseball game rules and important players
　　C. the rise in the social position of the deaf people
　　D. where the baseball judge hand signals came from
　　4. What can be inferred from this passage?
　　A. Hoy was the greatest baseball player in his time.
　　B. Speaking and listening are not necessary in baseball games.
　　C. The judge had to study the hand signals very seriously.
D. Hoy’s family encouraged him to become a baseball player.
【答案解析】本文介绍了美国20世纪初最杰出的棒球选手Hoy不平凡的一生。
1. B。细节题。此题要求对事件发生的先后顺序进行排序。可用首尾定位法，即找到第一个发生的事件 (e. Hoy became deaf.)，再找到最后一个发生的事件 (d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series.)，故可排除A、C。再进行比较可知B最佳。
2. D。推断题。根据Until a few years before his death he took 4-10 mile walks several mornings a week.，可见在他生命的最后岁月里，他的身体状况很好。
3. A。主旨题。纵观全文可知。
4. A。推断题。根据he stole 82 bases…the Senators’ leading hitter…threw out three batters…managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. 等细节，可以判断Hoy是他那个时代最杰出的棒球选手。
【教学建议】对于学生做错的题目，先引导学生分析出错的原因、并在阅读中积累高频词汇。
建平中学高一下期末考试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Directions: Choose the best answer according to the meaning of the sentence.
___ is mentioned above, the number of violent crimes will increase this year about 15%.
Which B. As C. That D. It
Being unable yo afford a car, going shopping for the two of us meant ___ down to the shops and going back home again with full arms.
to walk B. walked C. is to build D. will be built
Opposite the bus station ___ a new commercial center, which the nearby residents are currently discussing a lot.
to build B. built C. is to build D. will be built
As of Friday, the money ___ totalled more than 8.5 million yuan ($1.38 million) for China-Dolls Center for Rare Disorders, a non-commercial organization.
having been raised B. raising C. raised D. was raised
___ gender differences follow essentially old ideas on achievement tests in which boys typically score higher on math and science, females have the advantages on school grades regardless of the subject.
While B. When C. If D. Because
The most important part of what children’s minds have and many animals’ don’t is ___ scientists call shared intentionally, which is the ability to infer what others know or are thinking.
that B. which C. what D. the
It was not until then ___ the girl would receive an operation the next day.
did we know B. we knew C. that we knew D. when we knew
Before 1973, fingerprints at the scene of a crime used to be photographed for ___ purpose and the object carrying the prints were shown in court as well.
qualification B. identification C. estimate D. possession
25. When it comes to leadership roles, in some cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually ___ as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection.
A. arise B. distinguish C. occur D. emerge
26. There are many factors in people’s daily lives that can affect posture and throw the body off balance, such as sitting at a desk for long periods, frequently holding a phone between the ear and the shoulders, bending over a laptop, or ___ looking down at a smartphone.
A. continually B. eventually C. temporarily D. accidentally
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The first DC movie of 2017, Wonder Wonder Woman, is a few days away from release. With the DC Extended University (DCEU) so far ___27__ (look) dangerously underpowered compared with Marvel’s Chinematic University, the pressure is on to ensure this latest comic book adaptation from Warner Bros is a hit.
The DCEU has offered the world a handful of heroes, but it seems to be confused about what makes a good hero. We’ve seen a Superman suffering from doubt and lacking his unusual optimism, and a hopeless Batman who ___28__ (motivate) almost entirely by evil. So untrustworthy are the supposed good guys in the DCEU, the world turned to a group of super villains (恶棍) when it wanted to take down a villain in Suicide Squad.
Wonder Woman, an Amazonian princess warrior who is a demigoddess (半神), is supposed to be different. She presents a very feminine sense of peace, justice and ___29__ Gal Gadot has described as “emotional intelligence.” In Wonder Woman, ___30__ American pilot Steve Trevor crashes on Themyscira and tells Princess Diana of the island nation about Word War I, she leaves her home to try to stop the war and becomes Wonder Woman.
___31__ the upcoming movie, DC has an opportunity to steal a march on Marvel, because the Disney-owned studio has yet to deliver a movie led by a female superhero. Besides, director Patty Jenkins has ___32__ impressive history of telling women’s stories, including writing and directing the Oscar-winning crime drama Monster.
Making her first comic book appearance in October 1941, Wonder Woman was the brainchild of the American psychologist and writer William Moulton Marston, ___33__ intended her as a feminist icon. But is her impressive physical beauty a problem for a feminist reading of the character? Jenkins doesn’t think so, describing her take on the character as “total wish-fulfillment.”
“I, ___34__ a woman, want Wonder Woman to be hot as hell, fight bad guys and look great at the same time,” she said, “the same way men want Superman to have huge chest muscles and an impractically big body. That makes them feel like the the hero they want to be. And my hero, in my head, has really long legs.”
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
estimate B. recognition C. tricked D. accurate E. volume F.engaged
G. separate H. stimulating I. function J. measuring
Time seems to pass faster or slower depending on the language you speak, new research has revealed, because of the way your native tongue speaks about time. A team from the University of Lancaster say their work also shows how bilingualism(双语) may affect pur perceptions of time, __35__ the brain to think in new ways.
In one experiment, 40 Spanish speakers and 40 Swedish speakers were __36__ in seeing a computer animation(动画) of a slowly line. All the animations lasted 3 seconds, but the line didn't always grow to the same length. The researchers expected that because Swedes talk about time in terms of distance, they would find it harder to __37__ how much time had passed, and they were right. Meanwhile the Spanish speakers, who refer to time in terms of __38__ (as in a “small” break rather than a “short” break), were much better at realizing that the same 3 seconds had fled, no matter how far the line grew. “The Swedish speakers tend to think that the line that grows longer takes longer,” one of the researchers explained. “Spanish speakers aren't __39__ by that. They seem to think that it doesn't matter how much the line grows in distance, it still takes the same time for it to grow.”
In another experiment, participants were shown animations of a jug(水壶) slowly being filled up: the length of the animation was fixed, but the jug filled up by __40__ amounts. Sure enough, this time it was the Spanish speakers who had more trouble __41__ the passage of time.
Interestingly, when the spoken instructions in a particular language were taken away, the volunteers were much better at judging time, as if being asked out loud how much time had passed triggered something in the brain. To gain __42__ insight into what was happening, 74 bilingual speakers of both Spanish and Swedish were also recruited, and shown similar animations. The end results were the same: when instructed in Swedish, the volunteers were more easily fooled by the line animations, and when instructed in Spanish, it was the jug animations that interfered with their __43__ of time.
III. Reading comprehension.
Section A
Directions: For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a _44_ society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover,an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment.Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and _45_ source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society.There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents,is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous _46_ in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti nuclear group says,it is wrong to _47_ a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil rights.
Furthermore,it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a(n) _48_ source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Russian and, of course, in Japan.The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium in addition to the cost of greater safety _49_ could demand too much money for nuclear power. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could _50_ the destruction of the human race.Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are _51_, which assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. _52_, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having considered the arguments on both sides carefully, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy _53_ nuclear power.
A. material B. transforming C. consumer D. modern
A. economical B. commercial C. clean D. financial
A. increase B. step C. change D. demand
A. estimate B. identity C. reject D. expect
A. cheap B. sufficient C. legal D. economic
A. possessions B. supplies C. expenses D. investments
A. bring up B. bring about C. bring to D. bring in
A. suffering B. surviving C. forming D. expanding
A. However B. For example C. Therefore D. Besides
A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than
Section B
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Seek Out a Unique Beach
VISIT
Oregon. For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches pf Florida, check out the Oregon coast and its 363 miles of gorgeous shoreline, stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California. Every beach is public and free. “The coast is a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves(小海湾), ” says Bramblett. July and August aren’t peak gray whale migration season, but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the 200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.
SLEEP
Next to a lighthouse. Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking the Pacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats, Oregon. The working lighthouse, which dated to 1894, cast a bright beam 21 miles out to sea, making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast. The cliff-top rooms at the Light Keeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap — you’ll sell out up to $385 for a weekend night during peak season (price includes a seven-course breakfast).
BEWARE
Dangerous currents Unless you love cold water (or wear a wet suit), you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast, even during the summer. But if you do, be prepared for the U.S. Lifesaving Association. Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulled out to sea, then swim diagonally(成对角线地) toward the shore.
BRING
Baby powder. Use a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand from your hands, feet or hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture, allowing sand to fall off easily.
What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?
Avoid wearing wet suits.
Never dive into the cold water off the coast.
Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.
Don’t swim straight toward the shore when there’re dangerous currents.
Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences except ___.
a perfect view of sea lions
a mariner like stay in the more than 100-year-old lighthouse
a seafood feast in the popular local community
sun and fun of the less crowed beach
(B)
In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren” , John Keynes, a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) , this is not true of absolute needs.
Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.
Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demands for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.
There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the market Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the prices.
By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.
56. According to the passage, John Keynes Believed that_______.
A.desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs
B.absolute needs come from our sense of superiority
C.relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands
D.absolute needs are stronger than relative needs
57. What does the word “escalation” paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Understanding. B.Increase.
C.Difference . D. Expectation.
58. The author of the passage argues that ______.
A. absolute needs have no limits
B. demands for quality are not insatiable
C. human desires influence ideas of quality
D. relative needs decide most of our spending
Section C
Directions: Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note there are tow more sentences than you need.
Researchers say this method could be especially useful for children.
C. If the cavity is not too deep, the experience can be unpleasant.
D. The dentist covers the problem area with a mineral solution, and then uses an electrical current to harden this material.
E. It also says the technology speeds up a natural process of tooth repair.
F. Researchers say they believe it will save a lot of trips to the dentist’s.
Many people fear a visit to the dentist. They are not so much afraid of the doctor, but of the dental equipment and treatments.
Well, fear no more! A British company says it has developed technology that will end the need for mechanical cleaning of dental cavities(龋齿). __59_.
For over a century, dentists have been repairing cavities the same way. They first remove the decayed, or bad, tooth tissue with an electric-powered drill.Then, they fill the hole in the bone with a metallic or plastic substance. __60_. However, if it is deep, near the nerve of the tooth, it can be very painful. The worst part is that the process of drilling and filling the cavity has to be repeated for the entire life of that tooth.
Rebecca Moazzez is a senior lecturer at King’s College London. She says that this cycle lasts the rest of the tooth’s life. “You’re really in that cycle of repair and replacement for the rest of the tooth’s life.” Tooth enamel(牙釉质) is what we see on the outside of the tooth. The enamel of a damaged tooth can be replaced naturally. This process is called re-mineralization. But it is too slow to stop bacteria from building up in small, narrow areas of the enamel.
A British business called Reminova has developed a method for speeding-up this natural re-mineralization of early-stage cavities. Jeff Wright is head of the company. “We’ve just found a way to make that a much faster process. Driving healthy calcium and phosphate minerals into your enamel and, through a natural process, it will bind on and add to the enamel that’s there.” The process begins with a cleaning of the cavity. This does not require power tools. __61_. The electricity is too weak for the patient to feel.And the hardened mineral completely fills the cavity.
__62_. Sometimes children have bad experiences at the dentist. They fear the drilling and injections. Who wouldn’t be afraid? Better experiences as a child might lead to more visits to the dentist as an adult.

IV. Translating
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words in the brackets.
大部分读者都与这部畅销小说里的助教有共鸣。(identity)

如遇意外情况，请立刻和老师取得联系。(hesitate)

她总是喜欢花很多钱网购很多她并不需要的东西。(typical)

一个会理财的人， 会量入为出，而不是花钱如流水。(balance)



V. Guided writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
目前很多学生使用各种学习软件(app) 来辅助学习。大家对这种做法褒贬不一，你是怎么认为的？请你结合自己体验，谈谈你的看法。

Key:
17-26 CABDA CCBCA
looking 28. is motivated 29. what 30. after 31. With 32. an 33. who 34. as
35-43 G F A I C J H D B
44-53 CABDA BBDAA
54-58 DBCBA
59-62 BCEA
Most of the readers can identify with the brief character in this novel which sells well.
Don’t hesitate to communicate with the teacher if you meet unexpected situations.
It’s typical for her to spend lots of money buying many unnecessary things on the Internet.
A person who can manage money can balance expenses and income instead of spending money like water.
1) 时间状语从句：
时
间
状
语
从
句
连词
例句
说明
when


whenever
①When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.
当我进屋时，他正在写信。
②We shall go there whenever we are free.
我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。
① when指的是“某一具体的时间”。
② whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
while
① While it was raining, they went out.
正当天下雨的时候时，他们出去了。
②I stayed while he was away.
他不在的时候而我在。(然而)
③All of us are working hard while he is sleeping.(然而，并列连词)
while指“在某一段时间里”，“在┉期间”，
while引导的动作必须是持续性的。

as
① He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他赶快回家，一边走一边向后看。
② As time goes by, I like China better.
随着时间的流逝，我越来越喜欢中国。
as （“一边……一边”）引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；
“随着……”
before
① We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.
②It will be two years before he leaves this school.
③The tailor had measured me before I could get in a word .( 还没来得及…就…)
④ I finished my task before I went home.
我做完作业才回家。
⑤ Be a pupil before you become a
teacher.
先做学生，再做先生。
before的常用句式：
①肯定句：“好久……才……”；否定句：“不久……就……”
②主语+had (not) done sth for something before …
③ It was (not) + 一段时间 + before….
It will (not) be + 一段时间 + before
肯定：“要过多久……才……”否定：“不久……就……”
④主句+before sb. can(could) do“还没来得及……就……”
after
He arrived after the game started.
比赛开始后，他到了。
after“在┉之后”
till

until
①We waited till(until)he came back .
我们一直等到他回来。
②She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .
她到11点钟才停止工作。
③Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.
她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。
①如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到……为止”；
如主句动词是瞬间动词，要用否定式。
②not…until…表示“直到…才…”“在…以前不”。
③ 如果从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until。
④by也可以表示时间，意为“到…为止，不晚于…”


since

Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。

主句动词为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。
①如果状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开；②如果从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。
as soon as
Hardly/scarcely had…when
No sooner had
…than….
the momen