词汇、句型、期末综合复习-2020-2021学年上外版高一下册英语期末复习讲义（含答案）
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| 名称 | 词汇、句型、期末综合复习-2020-2021学年上外版高一下册英语期末复习讲义（含答案） |  | |
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2021年最新期末复习教师辅导教案
学员编号： 年 级： 高一 课 时 数：3
学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：
课程主题：高一 下期末复习（上外版）
授课时间：
学习目标
熟练掌握U3-U4词汇和句型
2.熟练掌握并运用省略句式
3. 熟练掌握并运用情态动词+动词完成时
教学内容
1. After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, where I might have a better chance to find a good job. ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter.
2. Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already ______ (exhaust) shoulder.
3. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight.
4. The machine ______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.
5. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, ______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities’ stores.
6. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady ______ (look) in at me.
7. (31) ______ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.?
8. He has a constant urge (33)?______?(check) for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes!
9. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop ______???(ignore) me, he say, “In a minute.”
10. After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______ (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.
11. Do you find yourself getting impatient or _____ (annoy) with people over unimportant things?
12. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12, etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely _______ (get) ill.
13. In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof that contact with animals can increase a sick person’s chance of survival and has shown 24__________ (lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.
14. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, __________ (result) in a favorable environment for everyone.
15. And yet, the spaces ______ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I've found. I now have the chance ______ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create.
【答案】1. To earn 2.exhausted 3.adapting 4.equipped 5. urging 6. looking 7. shocked 8. to check 9. ignoring
10. Wondering 11. annoyed 12. to get 13. to lower 14. resulting 15. emptied；to see
（教学建议：此部分设计旨在给出一些在情态动词使用方面有错误的例句，让学生找出错误并进行修改。让学生能了解自己在情态动词方面掌握的不足之处，通过例句复习讲过的情态动词的一些用法，并引入这节课对于情态动词的再次系统梳理，此部分建议15分钟）
指出下列句子的语法错误，并加以改正
Experts have warned that many people may aren’t getting enough Vitamin D.
may aren’t getting 改为may not be 或may not get
–I can’t find my purse anywhere.
--You should have lost it while shopping.
把should改成may
I wondered how he dared to say that to the teacher.
去掉dared 后的to; 或者把dared 改为didn’t dare
We suggested that the meeting to be put off.
把to改为should或去掉
It’s time that the bus have arrived to pick up all the passengers.
把have arrived改为should arrive或arrived
【要点总结】
1. 情态动词后直接加not 构成否定式
2. Should have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做，放在此处句意不通
3. 有些情态动词具有特殊性：ought to; have to; dare; need 等
4. 在名词性从句中用(should) do / (should) be done 表示虚拟语气
5. 虚拟语气在It’s (high / right) time (that) + 定语从句中： 谓语动词用did 或 should do
一、核心语法
【知识梳理一】
情态动词 + have done
肯定式
否定式
must have done
can’t have done
may/might have done
may/might not have done
can/could have done
couldn’t have done
should have done
should not have done
need have done
need not have done
重难点1：must+have+done
表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句.
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了
重难点2： “can't+have+done”
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。
1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
2.Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了
重难点3：“can+have+done”
表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。
1.There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
重难点4：‘could+have+done’
是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做.
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能通过考试，但他太粗心
重难点5： “may+have+done”
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。
—What has happened to George?
—I don't know. He may have got lost.
—乔治发生了什么事？
——我不知道，他可能迷路了。
重难点6： “might+have+done”
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.
他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。
2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.
如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
重难点7：“would+have+done”虚拟语气，
表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。
1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
重难点8： “should+have+done”
意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”
“shouldn't+have+done”
表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了.含有指责对方或自责的含意
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.
看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。
重难点9：“ought to+have+done”
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。
与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。
I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。
You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。
重难点10：“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。
“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。
I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
【知识梳理二】省略现象
(一)并列复合句中的省略
在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如：
a) The boy picked a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。
b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。
(二) 主从复合句中的省略
1．状语从句中的省略
一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ，while ，as ，before， after ， till， until， once 等引导的时间状语从句；由 whether ，if ， unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由 though ， although ，even if ，whatever 等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ，than 等引导的比较状语从句；由 as， as if ， as though 等引导的方式状语从句。
上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则：
1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词 be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1) 连词(as， as if ， once)+ 名词； (2) 连词( though， whether ， when)+形容词；(3) 连词(whether， as if ，while )+ 介词短语；(4) 连词 (when ， while ， though )+ 现在分词； (5) 连词 (when ，if ，even if ，unless ，once ，until， than ， as ) + 过去分词； (6) 连词(as if ，as though ) + 不定式。如：
a) Once (he was)a worker ，Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工 人，现在变成一位著名的歌手。
b) Work hard when (you are) young ，or you‘ll regret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。
c) He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到处看似乎在找什么东西。
d) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。
e) Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak。奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。
注意：
1) 当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略，如：
Her father told her to be careful when (she was)crossing the street.当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。
2) 当从句的主语是 it，谓语动词中又含有系动词 be 时 ，可以把 it 和系动词 be 一起省略。此时构成连词(if ， unless ，when ， whenever)+形容词的结构。如：
Unless (it is) necessary ，you’d better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。
2．定语从句中的省略
1) 一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 that ，which ， whom 可以省略；如：
Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗？(2002 上海春季)
而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which ， whom 不可以省略。试比较：
Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.( whom 可以省) 你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。
Tom ， whom you saw yesterday ，fell ill. ( whom 不可以省) 汤姆病倒了，你昨天见到他了。
2) 在口语和非正式用语中，关系副词 when ，where ， 和 why 经常用 that 来代替，甚至还可省略。如：
a) This is the first time (when/that)he had trouble with the boss.这是他第一次麻烦老板。
b) He wants to find a good place (where/that) we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday .他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。
c) Could you tell us the reason (why/that)he was so unhappy ？ 你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗？
3)当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时 ，从句不能用 how 来引导 ，应该用 that 或 in which ，或将它们全部省略。
(三)回答句中的省略：
用so，not或其它手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义。?
1.—Can Emily do this work?? 埃米莉能做这件工作吗??
—I think so.? 我想她行。?
—I think not (或I don?t think so).? 我想她不行。?
2.—Did you know anything about it?? 这件事你以前知道吗??
—Not until you told me. 你告诉了我，才知道。?
3. He has gone. No one knows where (he has gone).? 他走了，谁也不知道他去什么地方了。?
4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)!?珍妮知道都发生了什么！
【例题精讲】
1. Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him_____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
2.—Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?
—_____.
A．I believe not B．I believe not so C．I don’t believe it D．I don't believe
3.—What do you think made the girl so glad?
—_____a beautiful necklace.
A. As she received B. Receiving C. Received D. Because of receiving
4. Father advised me not to say anything until _____ at the meeting.
A. asking B. to ask C. asked D. ask
5.—Have you watered the flowers?
—No, but_____.
A. I am B. I’m going C. I’m just going to D.I will go
6. —He hasn’t gone to the office up to now.
—Well, he_____.
A. should B. ought to C. ought to go D. ought to have
7.—The war is very likely to break out in the near future.
—I _____, if the situation goes as it is.
A. hope so B. hope not C. am afraid not D. am afraid so
8.—You ought to have given them some advice.
—_____, but who cared what I said?
A. So ought you B. So I ought C. So I did D. So did you
9. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _____.whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen
10. _____.he come, the problem would be settled.
A. Would B. Should C. Shall D. If
11.—Can I see you at 3:00 pm next Monday?
—I_____. I will have flown to New York long before then.
A. am afraid not B. am afraid so C. am afraid to D. am afraid not to
12. —Is that a book on farming? If so, I want to borrow_____.
—Yes, it is.
A. this B. it C. one D. the one
13. _____, I will help you with your work.
A. If am possible B. If it possible C. If possible D. Possible
14.—How are you getting on with your work?
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as_____.
A. plans B. planning C. planned D. to plan
15.—Are you a volunteer now?
—No, but I _____. I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.
A. used to B. used to be C. used to do D. was used to
【答案】1-5 AABCC 6-10 DDCCB 11-15ABCCB
【巩固练习】
1. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _____ so once, but I don’t know.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
C. may think D. might think
2. Their answers are exactly the same — one of them ______ from the other.
A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied
3. －There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
－It ________a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
4. —You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?
—No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all.
A. couldn’t have waited B. needn’t have C. didn’t need to D. should wait
5. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken
6．Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
7．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.
A. could B. might C. should D. must
8．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight?”
---“I’m sorry, Mr. Smith _______to a conference before then.”
A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone
9．---Tom took away our teacher’s cell phone without being permitted.
--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing.
A. must B. may C. can D. should
10．--- Was it you that made the suggestion?
--- It _______have been. I can’t remember.
A. need B. must C. should D. may
11．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken
12．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
13．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ________at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. mightn’t have spoken
C. can’t have spoken D. shouldn’t have spoken
14．--- Hi, is that Peter Brown?
---Sorry. You ______ the wrong number.
A. must dial B. must have dialed C. should dial D. should have dialed
15．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
【答案】1-5 ABDCC 6-10 AAADD 11-15 CACBB
【例题精讲】
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not that there is one word more than you need.
A. estimated B. guard C. behavior D. friendly E. cases F. shelter
G. contact H. frightened I. disturb J. survive K. illegally
Visiting animals in their natural homes may sound like a great idea that helps them to (27) _______, but is it?
Researchers writing in Trends in Ecology & Evolution on Oct 9 said that the interactions between wild animals and (28) _______ eco - tourists who want to take their pictures may put animals at greater risk of being eaten.
It is clear that many people visit protected areas every year. “It is (29) _______ that protected areas around the globe have 8 billion visitors per year!” said Daniel Blumstein of the University of California, Los Angeles. “This amount of nature tourism and eco - tourism can be added to the long list of ways in which humans (30) _______ the environment.”
The basic idea of the report is that humans change the ways animals act and those changes might influence other parts of their lives, according to Science Daily. Those changes in (31) _______ and activity may put animals at risk.
“When animals spend time in ‘harmless’ ways with humans, they may let down their (32) _______,” Blumstein said. As animals get used to feeling comfortable with humans, they may become braver in other situations, he says. “If this bravery continues when they meet real predators（捕食者）, then they will die more often when they meet them.”
Eco - tourism is in some ways similar to making animals live in human homes or in cities. In all three (33) _______, regular interactions between people and animals may lead to animals becoming tame. Evidence has shown that silver foxes that live with people become more care free and less (34) _______; this results from evolutionary changes but also from spending time with humans.
And that’s not all - humans can also scare away natural predators, creating the so-called “human shield（护盾）effect” and a safe (35) _______ for smaller animals that might make them braver, too. When humans are around, for example, monkeys don’t see as many leopards trying to eat them.
Blumstein says they hope to do more research into humans’ (36) _______ with wildlife. Scientists will “now have to understand better how different species and species in different situations react to humans and when humans might put them at risk ,” he says.
（来源： 2018-2019学年上海市南洋模范高一下学期英语期末考试）
答案： 27. J 28. D 29. A 30. I 31. C 32. B 33. E 34. H 35. F 36. G
2019学年上海市杨浦区控江中学高一下学期英语期末考试
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
（A）
A structure, stretching out (1) the peaceful waters of the River Tweed in Peeblesshire, Scotland, is an unlikely record breaker. Measuring 30 meters in length and made entirely out of waste plastic products, the structure is the world’s longest recycled bridge.
Using a super-strength composite (复合的) plastic material， (2) (engineer) by researchers at Rutgers University from items as common as household plastic waste, the bridge can support weights of up to 44 tons. The bridge is one of five such structures now in existence （3） all others are smaller and based in the US.
According to Vertech Composite, the British company behind the project, the bridge is a prototype (维形，蓝本) that has the potential (4) (meet) future road and bridge requirements in an eco-friendly manner.
"There are currently significant bridge and river crossing needs in rural and countryside areas and there will only be (5) (many) in years going forward, "says William Mainwaring, CEO of Vertech Composites.
Mainwaring highlights the re-use of obsolete(废弃的) plastics that would otherwise (6)
(burn) or sent to landfill sites as the primary environmental benefit of the bridge. He also adds that recycled composite plastic provides a more sustainable alternative to existing bridge construction materials and is not as likely to degrade as steel, timber ( 木材)and concrete.
Mainwaring says that this technology creates enhanced stiffness(硬度)and strength(7)
is ideal for structures like a bridge. In addition, (8) the bridge has completed its lifespan(使用寿命)， the plastic can then be recycled again and used for other purposes, meaning it will never have to go to landfill.
Vertech Composites is keen to find new and creative ways to use the plastic technology We see the potential for (9) same recycled plastics to be used in road signs advertising billboards and agriculture, (10) currently uses a huge amount of timber on the inside of livestock buildings, "says Mainwaring.
【答案】1.across 2.engineered 3. while 4. to meet 5 .more 6. be burnt 7.which 8. after 9. the 10. though
【分析】1.考查介词。表示“横穿”，句中表示的是从河流中穿过，因此用介词“across”。
2.考查非谓语。空后面由介词“by”引导，表示被动，而句子的谓语是后面的“can support”，因此空里需要填一个非谓语动词，表示被动用过去分词。
3.考查连词。空后面跟的是句子因此填连词。空前后是在将这座桥和其他的桥做对比，表示对比用“while”。
4.考查非谓语。目的状语用动词不定式，因此填“to meet”。
5.考查形容词。形容词和副词的考点就是比较级和最高级，根据上下文即可判断出答案。
6.考查动词。空在情态动词之后，因此这里需要考虑时态和语态，结合句子结构即可得出答案。
7.考查连词。空引导的是定语从句，先行词表物，在从句中充当主语因此用which。
8.考查连词。状语从句，根据句意可以得出主从句之间是先后的时间关系，因此用after。
9.考查冠词。“the same”表示同样的。
10.考查连词。前后表示转折，因此是让步状语从句。连接词用“though”。
(B)
Away from Asia’s pollution: Firms struggle to woo top talent(吸引项尖人才)
From smog breaks(休息) to pollution bonuses(奖金)， Asia＇s businesses are promising increasingly inventive benefits in a desperate attempt to attract executives to a region(1)______ toxic(有毒的) air covers major cities for much of the year.
Health concerns are putting off those initially (2) (attract ) by Asia's growing economic opportunities, experts warn, so firms are struggling to recruit (招聘)--and retain--people with the expertise they need.
According to the United Nations Environment Programme, some 92 percent of people in the Asia-pacific region(3) (expose) to levels of air pollution (4) pose a significant risk to health.
This means that on top of large salaries, businesses are having to offer extra incentives(奖励). These include paying for smog breaks every few months, or(5) (allow) non-traditional working arrangements so people(6) commute, from less polluted areas.says Lee Quane, Asia director for constantly ECA International.
At "a location with a (7) (high)level of pollution, you're likely to see us recommend allowances of anywhere between 10 to 20 percent of the person's base salary, "he says.
This estimate, obtained from a rating system that his firm(8) (use) to help companies decide appropriate factors (9) crime rates and access to services. he adds.
India has one of the world's fastest growing economies, making it an appealing career option, (10) it is also home to seven of the most polluted cities, according to a recent report by Greenpeace and IQ Air Visual.
All senior executives want to have India experience on their Cvs(履历表) There is however, a fear of pollution related health issues, says Atul Vohra, managing partner of Transearch, a global recruitment firm.
【答案】1.where 2.attracted 3.are exposed 4.which 5.allowing 6.can 7.higher 8. uses 9.such as 10.but
【分析】1. 考察连词.定语从句，先行词表示地点，从句中充当地点状语，因此用关系副词。
2.考查非谓语。由空后的介词“by”可知这里表示被动，所以用过去分词。
3.考查动词。提示词在句子中充当谓语，因此我们需要考虑的是句子的时态和语态，再根据上下文即可知这里用一般现在时的被动语态。
4.考查连词。定语从句，先行词是物在从句中充当主语，因此用which。
5.考查非谓语。and连接两个并列部分，与之前的“paying”并列，因此用“allowing”。
6考查情态动词。空后跟的是动词原形，因此填情态动词，再根据句意可得出答案。
7.考察形容词。形容词考查比较级和最高级，这里结合上下文可知填比较级。
8.考查动词。做谓语考查时态与语态。根据上下文可知这里用一般现在时的主动态。
9.考查介词短语。空后是对前面的距离，两个空，因此填such as。
10.考查连词。前后转折因此用but。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
（A）
A. launched B. boosting C. accepted D. restore E. doubling F. benefits
G. profits H. images I. persuasive J. enormous K. supported
Like all industries, the cosmetics industry wants to make money. It promises to (1)______ your youth. It promises that all your dreams will come true if you use a certain type of shampoo or face cream. These dreams are sold to customers with (2) and expensive advertising campaigns. Pictures of youthful (3) are used to sell anti-aging creams to fifty-year-old women. The products are presented in expensive packaging, often (4) their cost.
Then came The Body Shop. In 1976 an amazing, unconventional woman called Anita Roddick decided to open a small shop in England. She ignored all the (5) principles of the cosmetics industry. Yet, The Body Shop now has over 2,100 shops worldwide. Her company (6) , Anita revolutionized the industry.
She thought that testing cosmetics on animals was a/an (7) problem. She refused to sell such products. As a result, The Body Shop (8) a campaign against animal testing and also funded research into alternative ways of testing product safety.
Remarkably, The Body Shop has become a global business without spending any money on advertising. At first Anita attracted wide publicity by explaining her views and later by holding pro-environment campaigns. These helped the causes which she (9) , and also publicized The Body Shop. She encouraged all her staff to participate in local campaigns. She also taught them to believe that (10) , although important, are not the only aim of a business.
【答案】1-5 DJHEC 6-10 BIAKG
【分析】1.考察动词。根据前文提到的化妆品，可知此处句意为恢复年轻，故选D
2.考察形容词。根据句意，这些梦想通过大量昂贵的广告活动贩卖给顾客，故选J
3.考察名词。句意为年轻形象的图片用来向50多岁的女性售卖抗衰老面霜，故选H
4.考察动词。根据此句语法，此处应填写非谓语动词，句意为这些产品包装昂贵，通常是其价格的两倍，故选E
5.考察形容词。此处过去分词作前置定语修饰principle（原则，准则），句意为她无视了化妆品行业所有广为接受的原则，故选C
6.考察动词。此处根据语法规则应考虑非谓语动词，句意为随着她的公司发展，Anita使这一产业发生了革命。故选B
7.考察形容词。根据句意，她认为在动物身上测试化妆品是一个有说服力的问题，故选I
8.考察动词。根据时态，此处应填谓语动词的过去时，美体小铺发起了一个反对动物测试的活动，故选A
9.考察动词。此处为定语从句中的谓语动词，句意为这帮助了她所支持的事业，故选K
10.考察名词。句意为她也教会他们去相信，尽管利润很重要，但它并非一家企业的唯一目的，故选G
（B）
A. avoidable B. tensions C. suspended(stopped) D. backed E. far-reaching
F. restrictions G. confirmed H. inevitable I. aimed J. steep K.supported
“There will be conflict”: Huawei founder says US underestimates company’s strength
The founder of Huawei, Ren Zhengfei, has said the US "underestimates" the telecom giant’s(电信巨头) strength, and that conflict with America was (1) in the quest(追求) to"stand on top of the world”
Ren, speaking after Donald Trump declared a national emerency(国家紧急状况) (2)________ at preventing Huawei's global 5G ambitions, told Chinese media: The current practice of US politicians underestimates our strength
Huawei's 5G will absolutely not be affected. In terms of 5G technologies, others won’t be able to catch up with Huawei in two or three years.”
The telecoms manufacturer has become the focus of a long-simmering (酝酿已久的) trade war. It was officially added to a trade blacklist on Thursday after Trump (3)_______ an executive order to an the technology and services of "foreign adversaries” (对手). The move immediately led to (4)________ that will make it extremely difficult for the company to do business with US companies.
Google (5)________ on Monday it was restricting Huawei's access to the Android operating system on which the Chinese firms mobile devices depend. Reuters(路透社) reported on Sunday that Google had (6)________ all business with Huawei that required the transfer of hardware, software and technical services, except those publicly available.
But on Monday, the US temporarily eased some restrictions, in a sign of how the prohibitions on Huawei may have (7)________ and unintended consequences.
However, Ren said on Tuesday. "The US 90-day temporary license (许可) does not have much impact on us. We are ready.”
Half of chips used in Huawei equipment come from the US and the other half are made by the Chinese company, he said. “We cannot be isolated from the world”, Ren said. "We can also make the same chips as the US chips, but it doesn't mean we won't buy them
The Huawei confrontation (对抗) has been building for years. as the company has raced to a huge advantage over rivals in next-generation 5G mobile technology.
US intelligence believes Huawei is (8)________ by the Chinese military and that its equipment could provide Beijing’s intelligence services with a backdoor into the communications of rival countries.
The battle over Huawei has added to (9)________ in a trade war that has become worse between the world’s top two economies, with both sides exchanging (10)________ increases in tariffs(关税) as negotiations seem hard to continue.
Asked how long Huawei may face difficult times, Ren said: "You may need to ask Trump about this question, not me.”
【答案】1-5 HIKFG 6-10 CEDBJ
【分析】1.考查形容词。根据文意：美国低估了电信巨头实力，在“谁能站在世界顶端”的竞争追逐中，与美国的冲突已无可避免，可推得选H
2.考查固定搭配及非谓语动词形式。aimed at：目的是，旨在...，此处作后置定语，所以选I
3.考察动词。根据后文的executive order，根据动宾搭配可推得答案为K support，文意：通过行政令
4.考察名词。根据后文定从的文意extremely difficult for the company to do business with US companies.所以是restriction限制，答案为F
5.考察动词。并根据文意，谷歌官方确认对华为对于安卓系统的使用权进行限制，可推得答案为G
6.考查动词。根据前文谷歌确认对华为进行限制，所以根据文意：谷歌已经暂停和华为在软硬件以及技术支持方面的一切业务往来，所以选C
7.考查形容词。文中修饰consequences结果，与unintended（不在意料之内的，计划外的） 所并列，所以根据文意可推得为E far-reaching影响深远的
8.考察动词以及固定搭配。Be backed by由...所支持，根据文意华为由中国军方支持...所以选D
9.考查名词。根据后文that has become worse between the world’s top two economies一句定从的修饰以及文意，可以推得选B tensions，紧张态势之意
10.考查形容词。根据with表伴随以及后文as negotiations seem hard to continue，再结合文意可推得这里文意是：双方都大幅度提高关税。所以选J steep。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Many people believe that listening to music with earphones can not only cut down on background(1)______ but also give employees a sense of control over their aural(听觉的) environment, especially when working in a(n) (2) office.
But does having a soundtrack for the whole day also (3) people from the task at hand? That depends on the task. Recent research shows that under some conditions, music actually improves our performance, (4)________ in other situations music makes it worse, sometimes even more dangerous.
Absorbing and (5) new information is best done with the music off. In an experiment several young adults were asked to recall a series of sounds in a particular order. Participants performed (6) when music was played while they carried out the task as compared to when they completed the task in a (7)________ environment.
Nick Perham, the researcher who conducted the study, notes that the music you like can (8) your mood and inspire you if you listen to it before getting down to work.While it serves as a distraction from cognitively (认知的) (9) tasks as well, a number of studies have found that surgeons who listen to music in the operating room work more (10) than those who don’t (11) .
Research also suggests that singing along might even heighten the distraction. A study reported that singing along with music in a car may(12) driver’s responses to potential dangers.
According to the research, classical or instrumental music enhances mental performance more than music with (13) .Music can make routine tasks, such as fling papers, less boring and more (14) .But when you need to give learning and remembering your full attention, silence is (15) .
1. A. music B.information C. noise D. knowledge
2. A. open B. large C.private D. temporary
3. A. protect B. distract C. suffer D. distinguish
4. A. though B. so C.for D. while
5. A. conveying B. remembering C.creating D. analyzing
6. A. worse B. better C. faster D. harder
7. A. noisy B. relaxing C. working D. quiet
8. A. disturb B. darken C.lift D. reflect
9. A. enormous B. dangerous C. demanding D. household
10. A.happily B. terribly C. effectively D. independently
11. A. in addition B.on average C. as a result D. for example
12. A. add B.slow C. produce D. speed
13. A. sounds B.raps C. rhythms D. lyrics
14. A. enjoyable B. miserable C.invaluable D. inevitable
15. A. silver B. golden C. first D. efficient
【答案】1-5 CABDB 6-10 ADCCC 11-15DBDAB
【分析】1.考查名词。A. music 音乐B. information 信息C. noise 噪音D. knowledge 知识。许多人认为用耳机听音乐不仅可以减少背景噪音，故选C。
2.考查形容词。A. open开着的B.large 大的C. private 私人的D. temporary 暂时的。而且也让员工对自己的听觉(听觉的)环境有一种控制感，特别是在开着的办公室内，选A。
3.考查动词。A. protect 保护，保卫B. distract 使分心C. suffer 受痛苦D. distinguish 区分，辨别，分清。但是，一整天的配乐是否也使人分心手边任务呢？，故选B。
4.考查连词。A. though 虽然，尽管B. so 所以C. for 因为D.while 然而。最近的研究表明，在某些情况下，音乐实际上改善了我们的表演，然而在其他情况下，音乐使它更糟糕，有时甚至更危险，根据句意可知选D。
5.考查动名词。A. conveying 运输，输送B. remembering记得，牢记C. creating创造D. analyzing分析。吸收和记新的信息最好的音乐关掉，故选B。
6.考查形容词比较级。A. A. worse更糟B. better 更好C. faster更快D.harder 更难。当音乐演奏的时候，参与者表演更糟。根据句意可知选A。
7.考查形容词。A. A. noisy 吵闹的B. relaxing 放松的C. working 工作的D. quiet 安静的。与他们在安静的环境中完成任务的时间相比，选D。
8.考查动词。A. disturb打扰，妨碍 B. darken （使）变暗C.lift 举起，抬起D.reflect 反射（光、热、声或影像）。主持这项研究的研究员尼克·佩勒姆(Nick Perham)指出，你喜欢的音乐能激发你的情绪，如果你在开始工作之前听它，就会给你灵感，故选C。
9.考查形容词。A. enormous 巨大的B. dangerous 危险的C. demanding 要求高的D. household 家庭，户。虽然它也能分散人们对认知(认知的)要求高的任务的注意力，根据句意可知选C。
10.考查副词。A. happily 快乐地B. terribly 很C. effectively 有效地D. independently 独立地，自立地，无关地。句意：许多研究发现，在手术室听音乐的外科医生比那些不听音乐的医生工作得更有效，根据句意可知选C。
11.考查副词。A. in addition 另外B. on average 平均起来C. as a result 结果， 因此D. for example例如， 譬如。虽然它也能分散人们对认知(认知的)任务的注意力，但许多研究发现，在手术室听音乐的外科医生比那些不听音乐的医生工作更有效，比如说。故选D。
12.考查动词。A. add 增加B.slow 减慢C. produce 生产D. speed 速度。研究还表明，一起唱歌甚至会增加人们的注意力。一项研究报告说，与汽车里的音乐一起唱歌可能会引起司机对减慢潜在危险的反应，根据句意和逻辑推理可知选B。
13.考查名词。A. sounds 声音B. .raps 敲击（声）(C. rhythms 节奏(D. lyrics 歌词。根据这项研究，古典或器乐音乐有歌词的音乐能更好地提高精神表现，选D。
14.考查形容词。A. enjoyable 愉快的，快乐的B. miserable 悲惨的 C. invaluable 非常宝贵的D.inevitable不可避免的。音乐可以使日常的任务，如扔纸，不那么无聊和愉快的，快乐的，故选A。
15.考查形容词。A. silver 银的B. golden 金的C. first 首先的D. efficient 有效率的。但是当你需要全神贯注的时候，沉默就是金色的”，根据句意可知选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
When I was young, it wasn't the parental love that filled my thoughts in the spring. It was baseball.
I loved everything about the game-the crack of a bat, the excitement of chasing a ground ball across short green grass, even watching the games on our old black-and-white TV. Yet looking back now, nothing was quite as important to me as the annual ritual（老规矩）of playing catch with my dad.
Dad was never much of a baseball fan, but as green leaves began to shoot on bare branches and warmth returned to the air, he would grab his old mitt（棒球手套）and head out to the yard with me just the same. There was something beneficial about playing catch with him, the hum of the ball as it sailed through the air, and the friendly pop as it hit the leather netting. We may have been 50feet apart, but the flight of that ball connected us, forming as strong a relationship as any father-son talk ever could have.
I was never the star of my Little League team, yet Dad never cared about that. Every year, he would be out there, waiting to field any false throw I sent his way.
As I grew older, I realized that our game was a reflection of our relationship-that even if a problem didn't involve a glove and a ball, Dad would always be there to handle anything I threw in his direction. His devotion to our springtime ritual showed his devotion to me-not only to my love of baseball but also to my life.
I've often heard it said that "the devil is in the details." Now I realize that in my relationship with my father, love was in the details.
1.When?the?author?was?young, he?didn't?care?much?about .
A. the?sound?of?hitting?a?ball?
B. the?company?of?his?father
C. the?joy?of?running?after?a?ball
D. the?games?broadcast?on?TV
2.The?author’s?father?practiced?catching?baseball?with?him?on?warm?spring?days, .
A. having?a?father-son?conversation?with?him
B. killing?time?while?doing?some?physical?exercise
C. making?him?an?excellent?baseball?player
D. giving?him?a?guiding?hand?in?his?life
3.We?can?learn?from?the?passage?that .
A. a?yearly?celebration?was?held?to?start?their?spring?baseball?catching?ritual
B. the?author?and?his?father?used?to?have?a?loose?relationship?with?each?other
C. the?author?fully?realized?his?father's?love?for?him?when?he?was?young
D. the?author's?father?always?stood?by?him?whenever?he?was?in?trouble
4.What?is?the?passage?mainly?about?
A.The?same?hobby?shared?between?the?author?and?his?father.
B. The?way?the?author?and?his?father?used?to?spend?spring?days.
C. The?author's?sweet?memory?of?his?father's?love?for?him.
D. The?analysis?made?by?the?author?about?father-son?relationship.
【答案】BDDC
【分析】1.推理判断题，定位到第二段，根据第二段Yet looking back now,nothing was quite as important to me as the annual ritual（老规矩）of playing catch with my dad.可知现在回想起来没有什么比我和爸爸玩接球更重要，小时候作者没有意识到这一点，因此可推知他当时没有太在意父亲的陪伴，故选B。
2.细节理解题，根据第五段As I grew older, I realized that our game was a reflection of our relationship-that even if a problem didn't involve a glove and a ball，Dad would always be there to handle anything I threw in his direction．可知在作者长大后他意识到了父亲与他玩棒球是在他生命中给他一个指导，故选D。
3.细节理解题，根据第四段Every year，he would be out there, waiting to field any false throw I sent his way.可知当作者遇到麻烦的时候父亲总是在他旁边陪伴他，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题，全文出现了多次父子之间的描写，通读全文可知本文主要讲述了作者与他父亲之间的甜蜜的回忆，故选C。
（B）
Subject Art &Design, Craft& Creative, Beauty
Delivery method Online
Study level Professional development, Short, Accredited
Ref FACE-GUARD
Price ￡30, was ￡299, use code: GUARD90
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Module 2 The Equipment and Materials You Will Need for Face Painting
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Module 5 Pricing and Costs
Module 6 Marketing Your Business &Social Media
Module 7 The Do's and Don'ts and What to Do If Your Business Doesn’t Go Well
Module 8 How to do a Dog/Cat Face Paint Design
Module 9 How to do a Butterfly/ Dolphin Face Paint Design
Module 10 How to do a Monkey/Frog Face Paint Design
Module 11 How to do a Rabbit/Swan Face Paint Design
Module 12 How to do a Tiger/Dinosaur Face Paint Design
Module 13 How to do a Spiderman/Batman Face Paint Design
Module 14 How to do a Minnie Mouse/Princess Face Paint Design
1. The course is intended mainly for those .
A. keen on showing off new skills
B. eager to get an academy diploma
C. interested in learning face painting
D. equipped with a unique taste for art
2. You can save ＄_ if signing up for the course now.
A.30 B.329 C.299 D.269
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the course?
A. It is presented both online and offline
B. It provides not only lessons on business
C. The diploma can be obtained in one day.
D. Some clients will be invited to examine your qualification
【答案】 C D B
【分析】1.根据文中“Start a career in Face Painting or simply learn for fun” 这句，可以看出课程主要是为有兴趣学习face painting的人设计的。
2. 细节理解题，根据右上角最后一行“Price ￡30, was ￡299, use code: GUARD90”可以看出，花费30元相当于299元，299减去30是269。
3.细节理解题，A选项中的offline不对，没有线下课程；C选项中的 “in one day”不符合文章内容；D选项中的“will be invited”不对，并不是被动邀请来检查你的证书。
(C)
War is expensive and it is bloody. That is why America's Department of Defence wants to replace a third of its armed vehicles and weaponry with robots by 2015. Such a change would save money, as robots can be much cheaper to replace than people. Just as importantly for the generals, it would make waging war less prey to the politics of body bags. Nobody mourns a robot.
The US military force already routinely uses robotic airplanes known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In November 2001 two missiles fired from a remote-controlled Predator UAV killed a top terrorist, Atef, as he drove his car near Kabul. But whereas UAVs are usually controlled by distant human operators, the military force would like to give these robots increasing amounts of autonomy (自主), including the ability to decide when to use destructive force.
To achieve this, Ronald Arkin of the Georgia Institute of Technology, in Atlanta, is developing a set of rules of engagement for battlefield robots to ensure that their use of lethal force follows the rules of ethics. In other words, he is trying to create an artificial conscience. Dr Arkin believes that there is another reason for putting robots into battle, which is that they have the potential to act more humanly than people. Stress does not affect a robot's judgment in the way it affects a soldier's.
His approach is to create what he calls a "multidimensional mathematical decision—space of possible behavior actions". Based on inputs ranging from radar data and current position to mission status and intelligence feeds, the system would divide the set of all possible actions into those that are ethical and those that are not. If, for example, the drone(无人机) from which the fatal attack on Atef was launched had sensed that his car was overtaking a school bus, it might then have held fire.
There are comparisons to be drawn between Dr Arkin's work and the famous Three Laws of Robotics drawn up in the 1950s by Isaac Asimov, a science-fiction writer ,to govern robot behaviour. But whereas Asimov's laws were intended to prevent robots from harming people in any circumstances, Dr Arkin's are supposed to ensure only that they are not unethically killed.
This is an admirable goal in theory, but even if ethics can be neatly encoded into software, pitfalls remain. Although a completely rational robot might be unfazed by the chaos and confusion of the battlefield, it could still make mistakes. Surveillance and intelligence data can be wrong, and conditions and situations on the battlefield can change.
1. America's Department of Defence wants to replace people with robots not because.
A. war costs a lot and it is bloody
B. the armed vehicles and weaponry are too expensive
C. people mourns a person not a robot
D. the general would received less impugnment from the masses
2. which of the following statements is true ?
A. Atef was killed by two missiles fired from a remote-controlled manned aerial vehicles.
B. The department of force already uses UAVs with relatively high autonomy.
C. The study done by Dr. Arkin is similar to Three laws of Robotics.
D. In Arkin's opinion , a soldier's judgment can be affected by stress but robot's won't.
3. What's the main idea of this article?
A. Ronald Arkin is developing a set of rules to increase autonomy.
B. Ronald Arkin is making efforts to create an artificial conscience.
C. Atef was precisely bombed by a remote -controlled Predator UVA.
D. There are comparisons between Dr Arkin's work and the famous Three Laws of Robotics.
4. What's the author's attitude about Arkin's approach ?
A. His approach is an admirable goal and it can be realize.
B. If Dr. Arkin does a very good job , robot would fight without any mistakes in the battlefield.
C. Robot are no substitute for people.
D. Dr. Arkin's approach is perfect and ethical.
【答案】BDAD
【分析】1.细节理解题，根据第一段内容可知，机器比人便宜，故明显B错误。
2.推理判断题，根据第二段第一句，A中的manned是错误的，应该是不载人的，B答案的already不符合文意，C答案的similar无处谈起，D答案可以从文章第三段最后一句找到。
3.主旨大意题，根据文章每段的主要内容我们可以排除掉C,D，相关性不大，在A，B中重点是后半句的表达，B答案中机器人的良心只在第三段的“in other words...”中出现，因此不是贯穿全文的表达，相对的，rules则在全文都有体现，故选A。
4.推理判断题，根据文章最后一段可知，A为正确选项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Apart from influencing athletic ability, being overweight affects young people’s mental health.
B. There are currently a few initiatives in place that could help combat(与...战斗) this problem.
C. While it sounds like a good idea, the course should only be a part of a larger movement to maintain a healthy body through changes in diet and lifestyle.
D. Aside from that, working out with like-minded people can provide moral support.
E. Due to the current cultural views on obesity there is a significant need for anti-obesity education.
F. With this in mind, we can see that such classes should only be the first step of many when it comes to solving the obesity problem in China.
Obesity is a problem often associated with North America. However, China is preparing that East Asians are having issues battling the problem as well. In fact, it is estimated that there are over 40 million obese people in China. To address weight problems of its students, Nanjing Agricultural University is offering weight reduction classes in which the students who loses the most weight gets the highest mark. (1)________
Given the many complications that come with it, it’s not hard to realize that obesity is a problem that needs to be acted upon. It was not long age that a plus size student in Nanjing University fainted during a 1,000-meter race and died tragically. He was 168 centimeters and 92 kilograms, which was not exactly an ideal shape for competitive racing. (2)________ In fact, depression and social anxiety often go hand in hand with obesity along with heart and breathing problems.
In terms of motivation, signing up for a course like the one offered in Nanjing Agricultural University is very likely to inspire individuals. It’s like signing a contract for a goal that promises rewards and recognition. (3)_________ Meanwhile, students get college credits for completing course by submitting a paper related to weight loss at the end of the semester.
However, there’s also a dark side to offering a course that resembles the plot of a reality television show. While entertaining and possibly inspiring for students, this course could lead to an extreme lifestyle change. As a result, there is no guarantee that students will still keep their new found good habits with respect to eating and exercising after the course is completed.
(4)________ The goal should be to find out the reason why people become overweight and change people’s habits in general instead of focusing on the effects.
【答案】 CADF
【分析】1. 上文讲到南京农业大学给减肥的同学学分来解决肥胖的问题，所以这一句是对南京农业大学的方案做出评论，故选C。
2. 上一句讲的是对于赛跑的人来说，肥胖非常不利，后一句论及depression and social anxiety，属于心理问题,故选A。
3. 这一段的观点为，参与一个减肥课程能激发个体去减肥。且上一句讲到这种处理方式的好处，所以这一空也可以是论及这种处理方式的好处，故选D。
4. 后一句The goal should be to find out the reason，表明后续还要去找根本原因，那这一空则是表明现在所作的情况，故选F。
VI. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.到明年大学毕业，他学习英语有八年了。( by the time)
2.我不喜欢这本畅销书，因为我无法与其中的任何主角产生共鸣。( identify)
3.他们已经得知了当地政府将采取行动阻止疾病蔓延的消息。( inform)
4.这个组织将发起一项运动旨在唤起人们的环保意识。( launch;aim; arouse)
5.解决这个问题可能的方法包括引入更好的循环用水方法和限制人口增长。（solution; include)
6.就你所提出的关于保护自然资源的建议，我们同意一次性用品( disposable goods）不如再生产
产品。 ( reference; inferior)
【答案】
1. By the time he graduates from university next year, he will have learned English for eight years.
2. I don't like this best-selling novel/best-seller, because I can't identify with any main character in it.
3. They are informed of the news that the local government will take action to stop the sprea d of the disease.
4.The organization will launch a campaign which is aimed at arousing people's awareness of environmental protection.
5.Possible solutions to the problem include introducing better ways of recycling water and limiting the population growth.
6. With reference to your suggestions about conserving natural resources, we agreed that disposable goods are inferior to recycled products.
【分析】1.考点：by the time到…时间为止，主句用将来完成时，从句用一般现在时
2.考点：identify with与....产生共鸣；畅销书best-seller/best-selling novel/book
3.考点：be informed of 得知…；消息的内容是一个完整的句子，所以要用同位语句来补充消息的内容
4.考点：唤起人们....的意识arouse people’s awareness/consciousness of.....；发起一项运动launch a campaign；旨在be aimed at
5.考点：solution to....的解决方法；include doing sth ；population growth
6. 考点：with reference to 关于，就...而言；be inferior to 不如…好
课后巩固
● 请将本次课错题组卷，进行二次练习，培养错题管理习惯
● 学霸笔记复习，培养复习习惯
● 建议课后及时巩固复习省略句和情态动词的完成时，注意本节课词汇和词组的整理和记背。
学员编号： 年 级： 高一 课 时 数：3
学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：
课程主题：高一 下期末复习（上外版）
授课时间：
学习目标
熟练掌握U3-U4词汇和句型
2.熟练掌握并运用省略句式
3. 熟练掌握并运用情态动词+动词完成时
教学内容
1. After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, where I might have a better chance to find a good job. ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter.
2. Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already ______ (exhaust) shoulder.
3. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight.
4. The machine ______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.
5. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, ______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities’ stores.
6. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady ______ (look) in at me.
7. (31) ______ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.?
8. He has a constant urge (33)?______?(check) for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes!
9. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop ______???(ignore) me, he say, “In a minute.”
10. After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______ (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.
11. Do you find yourself getting impatient or _____ (annoy) with people over unimportant things?
12. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12, etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely _______ (get) ill.
13. In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof that contact with animals can increase a sick person’s chance of survival and has shown 24__________ (lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.
14. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, __________ (result) in a favorable environment for everyone.
15. And yet, the spaces ______ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I've found. I now have the chance ______ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create.
【答案】1. To earn 2.exhausted 3.adapting 4.equipped 5. urging 6. looking 7. shocked 8. to check 9. ignoring
10. Wondering 11. annoyed 12. to get 13. to lower 14. resulting 15. emptied；to see
（教学建议：此部分设计旨在给出一些在情态动词使用方面有错误的例句，让学生找出错误并进行修改。让学生能了解自己在情态动词方面掌握的不足之处，通过例句复习讲过的情态动词的一些用法，并引入这节课对于情态动词的再次系统梳理，此部分建议15分钟）
指出下列句子的语法错误，并加以改正
Experts have warned that many people may aren’t getting enough Vitamin D.
may aren’t getting 改为may not be 或may not get
–I can’t find my purse anywhere.
--You should have lost it while shopping.
把should改成may
I wondered how he dared to say that to the teacher.
去掉dared 后的to; 或者把dared 改为didn’t dare
We suggested that the meeting to be put off.
把to改为should或去掉
It’s time that the bus have arrived to pick up all the passengers.
把have arrived改为should arrive或arrived
【要点总结】
1. 情态动词后直接加not 构成否定式
2. Should have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做，放在此处句意不通
3. 有些情态动词具有特殊性：ought to; have to; dare; need 等
4. 在名词性从句中用(should) do / (should) be done 表示虚拟语气
5. 虚拟语气在It’s (high / right) time (that) + 定语从句中： 谓语动词用did 或 should do
一、核心语法
【知识梳理一】
情态动词 + have done
肯定式
否定式
must have done
can’t have done
may/might have done
may/might not have done
can/could have done
couldn’t have done
should have done
should not have done
need have done
need not have done
重难点1：must+have+done
表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句.
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了
重难点2： “can't+have+done”
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。
1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
2.Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了
重难点3：“can+have+done”
表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。
1.There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
重难点4：‘could+have+done’
是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做.
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能通过考试，但他太粗心
重难点5： “may+have+done”
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。
—What has happened to George?
—I don't know. He may have got lost.
—乔治发生了什么事？
——我不知道，他可能迷路了。
重难点6： “might+have+done”
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.
他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。
2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.
如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
重难点7：“would+have+done”虚拟语气，
表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。
1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
重难点8： “should+have+done”
意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”
“shouldn't+have+done”
表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了.含有指责对方或自责的含意
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.
看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。
重难点9：“ought to+have+done”
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。
与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。
I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。
You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。
重难点10：“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。
“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。
I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
【知识梳理二】省略现象
(一)并列复合句中的省略
在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如：
a) The boy picked a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。
b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。
(二) 主从复合句中的省略
1．状语从句中的省略
一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ，while ，as ，before， after ， till， until， once 等引导的时间状语从句；由 whether ，if ， unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由 though ， although ，even if ，whatever 等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ，than 等引导的比较状语从句；由 as， as if ， as though 等引导的方式状语从句。
上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则：
1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词 be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1) 连词(as， as if ， once)+ 名词； (2) 连词( though， whether ， when)+形容词；(3) 连词(whether， as if ，while )+ 介词短语；(4) 连词 (when ， while ， though )+ 现在分词； (5) 连词 (when ，if ，even if ，unless ，once ，until， than ， as ) + 过去分词； (6) 连词(as if ，as though ) + 不定式。如：
a) Once (he was)a worker ，Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工 人，现在变成一位著名的歌手。
b) Work hard when (you are) young ，or you‘ll regret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。
c) He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到处看似乎在找什么东西。
d) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。
e) Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak。奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。
注意：
1) 当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略，如：
Her father told her to be careful when (she was)crossing the street.当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。
2) 当从句的主语是 it，谓语动词中又含有系动词 be 时 ，可以把 it 和系动词 be 一起省略。此时构成连词(if ， unless ，when ， whenever)+形容词的结构。如：
Unless (it is) necessary ，you’d better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。
2．定语从句中的省略
1) 一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 that ，which ， whom 可以省略；如：
Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗？(2002 上海春季)
而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which ， whom 不可以省略。试比较：
Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.( whom 可以省) 你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。
Tom ， whom you saw yesterday ，fell ill. ( whom 不可以省) 汤姆病倒了，你昨天见到他了。
2) 在口语和非正式用语中，关系副词 when ，where ， 和 why 经常用 that 来代替，甚至还可省略。如：
a) This is the first time (when/that)he had trouble with the boss.这是他第一次麻烦老板。
b) He wants to find a good place (where/that) we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday .他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。
c) Could you tell us the reason (why/that)he was so unhappy ？ 你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗？
3)当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时 ，从句不能用 how 来引导 ，应该用 that 或 in which ，或将它们全部省略。
(三)回答句中的省略：
用so，not或其它手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义。?
1.—Can Emily do this work?? 埃米莉能做这件工作吗??
—I think so.? 我想她行。?
—I think not (或I don?t think so).? 我想她不行。?
2.—Did you know anything about it?? 这件事你以前知道吗??
—Not until you told me. 你告诉了我，才知道。?
3. He has gone. No one knows where (he has gone).? 他走了，谁也不知道他去什么地方了。?
4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)!?珍妮知道都发生了什么！
【例题精讲】
1. Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him_____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
2.—Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?
—_____.
A．I believe not B．I believe not so C．I don’t believe it D．I don't believe
3.—What do you think made the girl so glad?
—_____a beautiful necklace.
A. As she received B. Receiving C. Received D. Because of receiving
4. Father advised me not to say anything until _____ at the meeting.
A. asking B. to ask C. asked D. ask
5.—Have you watered the flowers?
—No, but_____.
A. I am B. I’m going C. I’m just going to D.I will go
6. —He hasn’t gone to the office up to now.
—Well, he_____.
A. should B. ought to C. ought to go D. ought to have
7.—The war is very likely to break out in the near future.
—I _____, if the situation goes as it is.
A. hope so B. hope not C. am afraid not D. am afraid so
8.—You ought to have given them some advice.
—_____, but who cared what I said?
A. So ought you B. So I ought C. So I did D. So did you
9. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _____.whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen
10. _____.he come, the problem would be settled.
A. Would B. Should C. Shall D. If
11.—Can I see you at 3:00 pm next Monday?
—I_____. I will have flown to New York long before then.
A. am afraid not B. am afraid so C. am afraid to D. am afraid not to
12. —Is that a book on farming? If so, I want to borrow_____.
—Yes, it is.
A. this B. it C. one D. the one
13. _____, I will help you with your work.
A. If am possible B. If it possible C. If possible D. Possible
14.—How are you getting on with your work?
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as_____.
A. plans B. planning C. planned D. to plan
15.—Are you a volunteer now?
—No, but I _____. I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.
A. used to B. used to be C. used to do D. was used to
【答案】1-5 AABCC 6-10 DDCCB 11-15ABCCB
【巩固练习】
1. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _____ so once, but I don’t know.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
C. may think D. might think
2. Their answers are exactly the same — one of them ______ from the other.
A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied
3. －There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
－It ________a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
4. —You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?
—No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all.
A. couldn’t have waited B. needn’t have C. didn’t need to D. should wait
5. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken
6．Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
7．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.
A. could B. might C. should D. must
8．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight?”
---“I’m sorry, Mr. Smith _______to a conference before then.”
A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone
9．---Tom took away our teacher’s cell phone without being permitted.
--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing.
A. must B. may C. can D. should
10．--- Was it you that made the suggestion?
--- It _______have been. I can’t remember.
A. need B. must C. should D. may
11．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken
12．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
13．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ________at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. mightn’t have spoken
C. can’t have spoken D. shouldn’t have spoken
14．--- Hi, is that Peter Brown?
---Sorry. You ______ the wrong number.
A. must dial B. must have dialed C. should dial D. should have dialed
15．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
【答案】1-5 ABDCC 6-10 AAADD 11-15 CACBB
【例题精讲】
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not that there is one word more than you need.
A. estimated B. guard C. behavior D. friendly E. cases F. shelter
G. contact H. frightened I. disturb J. survive K. illegally
Visiting animals in their natural homes may sound like a great idea that helps them to (27) _______, but is it?
Researchers writing in Trends in Ecology & Evolution on Oct 9 said that the interactions between wild animals and (28) _______ eco - tourists who want to take their pictures may put animals at greater risk of being eaten.
It is clear that many people visit protected areas every year. “It is (29) _______ that protected areas around the globe have 8 billion visitors per year!” said Daniel Blumstein of the University of California, Los Angeles. “This amount of nature tourism and eco - tourism can be added to the long list of ways in which humans (30) _______ the environment.”
The basic idea of the report is that humans change the ways animals act and those changes might influence other parts of their lives, according to Science Daily. Those changes in (31) _______ and activity may put animals at risk.
“When animals spend time in ‘harmless’ ways with humans, they may let down their (32) _______,” Blumstein said. As animals get used to feeling comfortable with humans, they may become braver in other situations, he says. “If this bravery continues when they meet real predators（捕食者）, then they will die more often when they meet them.”
Eco - tourism is in some ways similar to making animals live in human homes or in cities. In all three (33) _______, regular interactions between people and animals may lead to animals becoming tame. Evidence has shown that silver foxes that live with people become more care free and less (34) _______; this results from evolutionary changes but also from spending time with humans.
And that’s not all - humans can also scare away natural predators, creating the so-called “human shield（护盾）effect” and a safe (35) _______ for smaller animals that might make them braver, too. When humans are around, for example, monkeys don’t see as many leopards trying to eat them.
Blumstein says they hope to do more research into humans’ (36) _______ with wildlife. Scientists will “now have to understand better how different species and species in different situations react to humans and when humans might put them at risk ,” he says.
（来源： 2018-2019学年上海市南洋模范高一下学期英语期末考试）
答案： 27. J 28. D 29. A 30. I 31. C 32. B 33. E 34. H 35. F 36. G
2019学年上海市杨浦区控江中学高一下学期英语期末考试
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
（A）
A structure, stretching out (1) the peaceful waters of the River Tweed in Peeblesshire, Scotland, is an unlikely record breaker. Measuring 30 meters in length and made entirely out of waste plastic products, the structure is the world’s longest recycled bridge.
Using a super-strength composite (复合的) plastic material， (2) (engineer) by researchers at Rutgers University from items as common as household plastic waste, the bridge can support weights of up to 44 tons. The bridge is one of five such structures now in existence （3） all others are smaller and based in the US.
According to Vertech Composite, the British company behind the project, the bridge is a prototype (维形，蓝本) that has the potential (4) (meet) future road and bridge requirements in an eco-friendly manner.
"There are currently significant bridge and river crossing needs in rural and countryside areas and there will only be (5) (many) in years going forward, "says William Mainwaring, CEO of Vertech Composites.
Mainwaring highlights the re-use of obsolete(废弃的) plastics that would otherwise (6)
(burn) or sent to landfill sites as the primary environmental benefit of the bridge. He also adds that recycled composite plastic provides a more sustainable alternative to existing bridge construction materials and is not as likely to degrade as steel, timber ( 木材)and concrete.
Mainwaring says that this technology creates enhanced stiffness(硬度)and strength(7)
is ideal for structures like a bridge. In addition, (8) the bridge has completed its lifespan(使用寿命)， the plastic can then be recycled again and used for other purposes, meaning it will never have to go to landfill.
Vertech Composites is keen to find new and creative ways to use the plastic technology We see the potential for (9) same recycled plastics to be used in road signs advertising billboards and agriculture, (10) currently uses a huge amount of timber on the inside of livestock buildings, "says Mainwaring.
【答案】1.across 2.engineered 3. while 4. to meet 5 .more 6. be burnt 7.which 8. after 9. the 10. though
【分析】1.考查介词。表示“横穿”，句中表示的是从河流中穿过，因此用介词“across”。
2.考查非谓语。空后面由介词“by”引导，表示被动，而句子的谓语是后面的“can support”，因此空里需要填一个非谓语动词，表示被动用过去分词。
3.考查连词。空后面跟的是句子因此填连词。空前后是在将这座桥和其他的桥做对比，表示对比用“while”。
4.考查非谓语。目的状语用动词不定式，因此填“to meet”。
5.考查形容词。形容词和副词的考点就是比较级和最高级，根据上下文即可判断出答案。
6.考查动词。空在情态动词之后，因此这里需要考虑时态和语态，结合句子结构即可得出答案。
7.考查连词。空引导的是定语从句，先行词表物，在从句中充当主语因此用which。
8.考查连词。状语从句，根据句意可以得出主从句之间是先后的时间关系，因此用after。
9.考查冠词。“the same”表示同样的。
10.考查连词。前后表示转折，因此是让步状语从句。连接词用“though”。
(B)
Away from Asia’s pollution: Firms struggle to woo top talent(吸引项尖人才)
From smog breaks(休息) to pollution bonuses(奖金)， Asia＇s businesses are promising increasingly inventive benefits in a desperate attempt to attract executives to a region(1)______ toxic(有毒的) air covers major cities for much of the year.
Health concerns are putting off those initially (2) (attract ) by Asia's growing economic opportunities, experts warn, so firms are struggling to recruit (招聘)--and retain--people with the expertise they need.
According to the United Nations Environment Programme, some 92 percent of people in the Asia-pacific region(3) (expose) to levels of air pollution (4) pose a significant risk to health.
This means that on top of large salaries, businesses are having to offer extra incentives(奖励). These include paying for smog breaks every few months, or(5) (allow) non-traditional working arrangements so people(6) commute, from less polluted areas.says Lee Quane, Asia director for constantly ECA International.
At "a location with a (7) (high)level of pollution, you're likely to see us recommend allowances of anywhere between 10 to 20 percent of the person's base salary, "he says.
This estimate, obtained from a rating system that his firm(8) (use) to help companies decide appropriate factors (9) crime rates and access to services. he adds.
India has one of the world's fastest growing economies, making it an appealing career option, (10) it is also home to seven of the most polluted cities, according to a recent report by Greenpeace and IQ Air Visual.
All senior executives want to have India experience on their Cvs(履历表) There is however, a fear of pollution related health issues, says Atul Vohra, managing partner of Transearch, a global recruitment firm.
【答案】1.where 2.attracted 3.are exposed 4.which 5.allowing 6.can 7.higher 8. uses 9.such as 10.but
【分析】1. 考察连词.定语从句，先行词表示地点，从句中充当地点状语，因此用关系副词。
2.考查非谓语。由空后的介词“by”可知这里表示被动，所以用过去分词。
3.考查动词。提示词在句子中充当谓语，因此我们需要考虑的是句子的时态和语态，再根据上下文即可知这里用一般现在时的被动语态。
4.考查连词。定语从句，先行词是物在从句中充当主语，因此用which。
5.考查非谓语。and连接两个并列部分，与之前的“paying”并列，因此用“allowing”。
6考查情态动词。空后跟的是动词原形，因此填情态动词，再根据句意可得出答案。
7.考察形容词。形容词考查比较级和最高级，这里结合上下文可知填比较级。
8.考查动词。做谓语考查时态与语态。根据上下文可知这里用一般现在时的主动态。
9.考查介词短语。空后是对前面的距离，两个空，因此填such as。
10.考查连词。前后转折因此用but。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
（A）
A. launched B. boosting C. accepted D. restore E. doubling F. benefits
G. profits H. images I. persuasive J. enormous K. supported
Like all industries, the cosmetics industry wants to make money. It promises to (1)______ your youth. It promises that all your dreams will come true if you use a certain type of shampoo or face cream. These dreams are sold to customers with (2) and expensive advertising campaigns. Pictures of youthful (3) are used to sell anti-aging creams to fifty-year-old women. The products are presented in expensive packaging, often (4) their cost.
Then came The Body Shop. In 1976 an amazing, unconventional woman called Anita Roddick decided to open a small shop in England. She ignored all the (5) principles of the cosmetics industry. Yet, The Body Shop now has over 2,100 shops worldwide. Her company (6) , Anita revolutionized the industry.
She thought that testing cosmetics on animals was a/an (7) problem. She refused to sell such products. As a result, The Body Shop (8) a campaign against animal testing and also funded research into alternative ways of testing product safety.
Remarkably, The Body Shop has become a global business without spending any money on advertising. At first Anita attracted wide publicity by explaining her views and later by holding pro-environment campaigns. These helped the causes which she (9) , and also publicized The Body Shop. She encouraged all her staff to participate in local campaigns. She also taught them to believe that (10) , although important, are not the only aim of a business.
【答案】1-5 DJHEC 6-10 BIAKG
【分析】1.考察动词。根据前文提到的化妆品，可知此处句意为恢复年轻，故选D
2.考察形容词。根据句意，这些梦想通过大量昂贵的广告活动贩卖给顾客，故选J
3.考察名词。句意为年轻形象的图片用来向50多岁的女性售卖抗衰老面霜，故选H
4.考察动词。根据此句语法，此处应填写非谓语动词，句意为这些产品包装昂贵，通常是其价格的两倍，故选E
5.考察形容词。此处过去分词作前置定语修饰principle（原则，准则），句意为她无视了化妆品行业所有广为接受的原则，故选C
6.考察动词。此处根据语法规则应考虑非谓语动词，句意为随着她的公司发展，Anita使这一产业发生了革命。故选B
7.考察形容词。根据句意，她认为在动物身上测试化妆品是一个有说服力的问题，故选I
8.考察动词。根据时态，此处应填谓语动词的过去时，美体小铺发起了一个反对动物测试的活动，故选A
9.考察动词。此处为定语从句中的谓语动词，句意为这帮助了她所支持的事业，故选K
10.考察名词。句意为她也教会他们去相信，尽管利润很重要，但它并非一家企业的唯一目的，故选G
（B）
A. avoidable B. tensions C. suspended(stopped) D. backed E. far-reaching
F. restrictions G. confirmed H. inevitable I. aimed J. steep K.supported
“There will be conflict”: Huawei founder says US underestimates company’s strength
The founder of Huawei, Ren Zhengfei, has said the US "underestimates" the telecom giant’s(电信巨头) strength, and that conflict with America was (1) in the quest(追求) to"stand on top of the world”
Ren, speaking after Donald Trump declared a national emerency(国家紧急状况) (2)________ at preventing Huawei's global 5G ambitions, told Chinese media: The current practice of US politicians underestimates our strength
Huawei's 5G will absolutely not be affected. In terms of 5G technologies, others won’t be able to catch up with Huawei in two or three years.”
The telecoms manufacturer has become the focus of a long-simmering (酝酿已久的) trade war. It was officially added to a trade blacklist on Thursday after Trump (3)_______ an executive order to an the technology and services of "foreign adversaries” (对手). The move immediately led to (4)________ that will make it extremely difficult for the company to do business with US companies.
Google (5)________ on Monday it was restricting Huawei's access to the Android operating system on which the Chinese firms mobile devices depend. Reuters(路透社) reported on Sunday that Google had (6)________ all business with Huawei that required the transfer of hardware, software and technical services, except those publicly available.
But on Monday, the US temporarily eased some restrictions, in a sign of how the prohibitions on Huawei may have (7)________ and unintended consequences.
However, Ren said on Tuesday. "The US 90-day temporary license (许可) does not have much impact on us. We are ready.”
Half of chips used in Huawei equipment come from the US and the other half are made by the Chinese company, he said. “We cannot be isolated from the world”, Ren said. "We can also make the same chips as the US chips, but it doesn't mean we won't buy them
The Huawei confrontation (对抗) has been building for years. as the company has raced to a huge advantage over rivals in next-generation 5G mobile technology.
US intelligence believes Huawei is (8)________ by the Chinese military and that its equipment could provide Beijing’s intelligence services with a backdoor into the communications of rival countries.
The battle over Huawei has added to (9)________ in a trade war that has become worse between the world’s top two economies, with both sides exchanging (10)________ increases in tariffs(关税) as negotiations seem hard to continue.
Asked how long Huawei may face difficult times, Ren said: "You may need to ask Trump about this question, not me.”
【答案】1-5 HIKFG 6-10 CEDBJ
【分析】1.考查形容词。根据文意：美国低估了电信巨头实力，在“谁能站在世界顶端”的竞争追逐中，与美国的冲突已无可避免，可推得选H
2.考查固定搭配及非谓语动词形式。aimed at：目的是，旨在...，此处作后置定语，所以选I
3.考察动词。根据后文的executive order，根据动宾搭配可推得答案为K support，文意：通过行政令
4.考察名词。根据后文定从的文意extremely difficult for the company to do business with US companies.所以是restriction限制，答案为F
5.考察动词。并根据文意，谷歌官方确认对华为对于安卓系统的使用权进行限制，可推得答案为G
6.考查动词。根据前文谷歌确认对华为进行限制，所以根据文意：谷歌已经暂停和华为在软硬件以及技术支持方面的一切业务往来，所以选C
7.考查形容词。文中修饰consequences结果，与unintended（不在意料之内的，计划外的） 所并列，所以根据文意可推得为E far-reaching影响深远的
8.考察动词以及固定搭配。Be backed by由...所支持，根据文意华为由中国军方支持...所以选D
9.考查名词。根据后文that has become worse between the world’s top two economies一句定从的修饰以及文意，可以推得选B tensions，紧张态势之意
10.考查形容词。根据with表伴随以及后文as negotiations seem hard to continue，再结合文意可推得这里文意是：双方都大幅度提高关税。所以选J steep。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Many people believe that listening to music with earphones can not only cut down on background(1)______ but also give employees a sense of control over their aural(听觉的) environment, especially when working in a(n) (2) office.
But does having a soundtrack for the whole day also (3) people from the task at hand? That depends on the task. Recent research shows that under some conditions, music actually improves our performance, (4)________ in other situations music makes it worse, sometimes even more dangerous.
Absorbing and (5) new information is best done with the music off. In an experiment several young adults were asked to recall a series of sounds in a particular order. Participants performed (6) when music was played while they carried out the task as compared to when they completed the task in a (7)________ environment.
Nick Perham, the researcher who conducted the study, notes that the music you like can (8) your mood and inspire you if you listen to it before getting down to work.While it serves as a distraction from cognitively (认知的) (9) tasks as well, a number of studies have found that surgeons who listen to music in the operating room work more (10) than those who don’t (11) .
Research also suggests that singing along might even heighten the distraction. A study reported that singing along with music in a car may(12) driver’s responses to potential dangers.
According to the research, classical or instrumental music enhances mental performance more than music with (13) .Music can make routine tasks, such as fling papers, less boring and more (14) .But when you need to give learning and remembering your full attention, silence is (15) .
1. A. music B.information C. noise D. knowledge
2. A. open B. large C.private D. temporary
3. A. protect B. distract C. suffer D. distinguish
4. A. though B. so C.for D. while
5. A. conveying B. remembering C.creating D. analyzing
6. A. worse B. better C. faster D. harder
7. A. noisy B. relaxing C. working D. quiet
8. A. disturb B. darken C.lift D. reflect
9. A. enormous B. dangerous C. demanding D. household
10. A.happily B. terribly C. effectively D. independently
11. A. in addition B.on average C. as a result D. for example
12. A. add B.slow C. produce D. speed
13. A. sounds B.raps C. rhythms D. lyrics
14. A. enjoyable B. miserable C.invaluable D. inevitable
15. A. silver B. golden C. first D. efficient
【答案】1-5 CABDB 6-10 ADCCC 11-15DBDAB
【分析】1.考查名词。A. music 音乐B. information 信息C. noise 噪音D. knowledge 知识。许多人认为用耳机听音乐不仅可以减少背景噪音，故选C。
2.考查形容词。A. open开着的B.large 大的C. private 私人的D. temporary 暂时的。而且也让员工对自己的听觉(听觉的)环境有一种控制感，特别是在开着的办公室内，选A。
3.考查动词。A. protect 保护，保卫B. distract 使分心C. suffer 受痛苦D. distinguish 区分，辨别，分清。但是，一整天的配乐是否也使人分心手边任务呢？，故选B。
4.考查连词。A. though 虽然，尽管B. so 所以C. for 因为D.while 然而。最近的研究表明，在某些情况下，音乐实际上改善了我们的表演，然而在其他情况下，音乐使它更糟糕，有时甚至更危险，根据句意可知选D。
5.考查动名词。A. conveying 运输，输送B. remembering记得，牢记C. creating创造D. analyzing分析。吸收和记新的信息最好的音乐关掉，故选B。
6.考查形容词比较级。A. A. worse更糟B. better 更好C. faster更快D.harder 更难。当音乐演奏的时候，参与者表演更糟。根据句意可知选A。
7.考查形容词。A. A. noisy 吵闹的B. relaxing 放松的C. working 工作的D. quiet 安静的。与他们在安静的环境中完成任务的时间相比，选D。
8.考查动词。A. disturb打扰，妨碍 B. darken （使）变暗C.lift 举起，抬起D.reflect 反射（光、热、声或影像）。主持这项研究的研究员尼克·佩勒姆(Nick Perham)指出，你喜欢的音乐能激发你的情绪，如果你在开始工作之前听它，就会给你灵感，故选C。
9.考查形容词。A. enormous 巨大的B. dangerous 危险的C. demanding 要求高的D. household 家庭，户。虽然它也能分散人们对认知(认知的)要求高的任务的注意力，根据句意可知选C。
10.考查副词。A. happily 快乐地B. terribly 很C. effectively 有效地D. independently 独立地，自立地，无关地。句意：许多研究发现，在手术室听音乐的外科医生比那些不听音乐的医生工作得更有效，根据句意可知选C。
11.考查副词。A. in addition 另外B. on average 平均起来C. as a result 结果， 因此D. for example例如， 譬如。虽然它也能分散人们对认知(认知的)任务的注意力，但许多研究发现，在手术室听音乐的外科医生比那些不听音乐的医生工作更有效，比如说。故选D。
12.考查动词。A. add 增加B.slow 减慢C. produce 生产D. speed 速度。研究还表明，一起唱歌甚至会增加人们的注意力。一项研究报告说，与汽车里的音乐一起唱歌可能会引起司机对减慢潜在危险的反应，根据句意和逻辑推理可知选B。
13.考查名词。A. sounds 声音B. .raps 敲击（声）(C. rhythms 节奏(D. lyrics 歌词。根据这项研究，古典或器乐音乐有歌词的音乐能更好地提高精神表现，选D。
14.考查形容词。A. enjoyable 愉快的，快乐的B. miserable 悲惨的 C. invaluable 非常宝贵的D.inevitable不可避免的。音乐可以使日常的任务，如扔纸，不那么无聊和愉快的，快乐的，故选A。
15.考查形容词。A. silver 银的B. golden 金的C. first 首先的D. efficient 有效率的。但是当你需要全神贯注的时候，沉默就是金色的”，根据句意可知选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
When I was young, it wasn't the parental love that filled my thoughts in the spring. It was baseball.
I loved everything about the game-the crack of a bat, the excitement of chasing a ground ball across short green grass, even watching the games on our old black-and-white TV. Yet looking back now, nothing was quite as important to me as the annual ritual（老规矩）of playing catch with my dad.
Dad was never much of a baseball fan, but as green leaves began to shoot on bare branches and warmth returned to the air, he would grab his old mitt（棒球手套）and head out to the yard with me just the same. There was something beneficial about playing catch with him, the hum of the ball as it sailed through the air, and the friendly pop as it hit the leather netting. We may have been 50feet apart, but the flight of that ball connected us, forming as strong a relationship as any father-son talk ever could have.
I was never the star of my Little League team, yet Dad never cared about that. Every year, he would be out there, waiting to field any false throw I sent his way.
As I grew older, I realized that our game was a reflection of our relationship-that even if a problem didn't involve a glove and a ball, Dad would always be there to handle anything I threw in his direction. His devotion to our springtime ritual showed his devotion to me-not only to my love of baseball but also to my life.
I've often heard it said that "the devil is in the details." Now I realize that in my relationship with my father, love was in the details.
1.When?the?author?was?young, he?didn't?care?much?about .
A. the?sound?of?hitting?a?ball?
B. the?company?of?his?father
C. the?joy?of?running?after?a?ball
D. the?games?broadcast?on?TV
2.The?author’s?father?practiced?catching?baseball?with?him?on?warm?spring?days, .
A. having?a?father-son?conversation?with?him
B. killing?time?while?doing?some?physical?exercise
C. making?him?an?excellent?baseball?player
D. giving?him?a?guiding?hand?in?his?life
3.We?can?learn?from?the?passage?that .
A. a?yearly?celebration?was?held?to?start?their?spring?baseball?catching?ritual
B. the?author?and?his?father?used?to?have?a?loose?relationship?with?each?other
C. the?author?fully?realized?his?father's?love?for?him?when?he?was?young
D. the?author's?father?always?stood?by?him?whenever?he?was?in?trouble
4.What?is?the?passage?mainly?about?
A.The?same?hobby?shared?between?the?author?and?his?father.
B. The?way?the?author?and?his?father?used?to?spend?spring?days.
C. The?author's?sweet?memory?of?his?father's?love?for?him.
D. The?analysis?made?by?the?author?about?father-son?relationship.
【答案】BDDC
【分析】1.推理判断题，定位到第二段，根据第二段Yet looking back now,nothing was quite as important to me as the annual ritual（老规矩）of playing catch with my dad.可知现在回想起来没有什么比我和爸爸玩接球更重要，小时候作者没有意识到这一点，因此可推知他当时没有太在意父亲的陪伴，故选B。
2.细节理解题，根据第五段As I grew older, I realized that our game was a reflection of our relationship-that even if a problem didn't involve a glove and a ball，Dad would always be there to handle anything I threw in his direction．可知在作者长大后他意识到了父亲与他玩棒球是在他生命中给他一个指导，故选D。
3.细节理解题，根据第四段Every year，he would be out there, waiting to field any false throw I sent his way.可知当作者遇到麻烦的时候父亲总是在他旁边陪伴他，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题，全文出现了多次父子之间的描写，通读全文可知本文主要讲述了作者与他父亲之间的甜蜜的回忆，故选C。
（B）
Subject Art &Design, Craft& Creative, Beauty
Delivery method Online
Study level Professional development, Short, Accredited
Ref FACE-GUARD
Price ￡30, was ￡299, use code: GUARD90
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Module 1 Your Introduction to Becoming a Face Painter
Module 2 The Equipment and Materials You Will Need for Face Painting
Module 3 Health &Safety and Risk Assessments
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Module 5 Pricing and Costs
Module 6 Marketing Your Business &Social Media
Module 7 The Do's and Don'ts and What to Do If Your Business Doesn’t Go Well
Module 8 How to do a Dog/Cat Face Paint Design
Module 9 How to do a Butterfly/ Dolphin Face Paint Design
Module 10 How to do a Monkey/Frog Face Paint Design
Module 11 How to do a Rabbit/Swan Face Paint Design
Module 12 How to do a Tiger/Dinosaur Face Paint Design
Module 13 How to do a Spiderman/Batman Face Paint Design
Module 14 How to do a Minnie Mouse/Princess Face Paint Design
1. The course is intended mainly for those .
A. keen on showing off new skills
B. eager to get an academy diploma
C. interested in learning face painting
D. equipped with a unique taste for art
2. You can save ＄_ if signing up for the course now.
A.30 B.329 C.299 D.269
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the course?
A. It is presented both online and offline
B. It provides not only lessons on business
C. The diploma can be obtained in one day.
D. Some clients will be invited to examine your qualification
【答案】 C D B
【分析】1.根据文中“Start a career in Face Painting or simply learn for fun” 这句，可以看出课程主要是为有兴趣学习face painting的人设计的。
2. 细节理解题，根据右上角最后一行“Price ￡30, was ￡299, use code: GUARD90”可以看出，花费30元相当于299元，299减去30是269。
3.细节理解题，A选项中的offline不对，没有线下课程；C选项中的 “in one day”不符合文章内容；D选项中的“will be invited”不对，并不是被动邀请来检查你的证书。
(C)
War is expensive and it is bloody. That is why America's Department of Defence wants to replace a third of its armed vehicles and weaponry with robots by 2015. Such a change would save money, as robots can be much cheaper to replace than people. Just as importantly for the generals, it would make waging war less prey to the politics of body bags. Nobody mourns a robot.
The US military force already routinely uses robotic airplanes known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In November 2001 two missiles fired from a remote-controlled Predator UAV killed a top terrorist, Atef, as he drove his car near Kabul. But whereas UAVs are usually controlled by distant human operators, the military force would like to give these robots increasing amounts of autonomy (自主), including the ability to decide when to use destructive force.
To achieve this, Ronald Arkin of the Georgia Institute of Technology, in Atlanta, is developing a set of rules of engagement for battlefield robots to ensure that their use of lethal force follows the rules of ethics. In other words, he is trying to create an artificial conscience. Dr Arkin believes that there is another reason for putting robots into battle, which is that they have the potential to act more humanly than people. Stress does not affect a robot's judgment in the way it affects a soldier's.
His approach is to create what he calls a "multidimensional mathematical decision—space of possible behavior actions". Based on inputs ranging from radar data and current position to mission status and intelligence feeds, the system would divide the set of all possible actions into those that are ethical and those that are not. If, for example, the drone(无人机) from which the fatal attack on Atef was launched had sensed that his car was overtaking a school bus, it might then have held fire.
There are comparisons to be drawn between Dr Arkin's work and the famous Three Laws of Robotics drawn up in the 1950s by Isaac Asimov, a science-fiction writer ,to govern robot behaviour. But whereas Asimov's laws were intended to prevent robots from harming people in any circumstances, Dr Arkin's are supposed to ensure only that they are not unethically killed.
This is an admirable goal in theory, but even if ethics can be neatly encoded into software, pitfalls remain. Although a completely rational robot might be unfazed by the chaos and confusion of the battlefield, it could still make mistakes. Surveillance and intelligence data can be wrong, and conditions and situations on the battlefield can change.
1. America's Department of Defence wants to replace people with robots not because.
A. war costs a lot and it is bloody
B. the armed vehicles and weaponry are too expensive
C. people mourns a person not a robot
D. the general would received less impugnment from the masses
2. which of the following statements is true ?
A. Atef was killed by two missiles fired from a remote-controlled manned aerial vehicles.
B. The department of force already uses UAVs with relatively high autonomy.
C. The study done by Dr. Arkin is similar to Three laws of Robotics.
D. In Arkin's opinion , a soldier's judgment can be affected by stress but robot's won't.
3. What's the main idea of this article?
A. Ronald Arkin is developing a set of rules to increase autonomy.
B. Ronald Arkin is making efforts to create an artificial conscience.
C. Atef was precisely bombed by a remote -controlled Predator UVA.
D. There are comparisons between Dr Arkin's work and the famous Three Laws of Robotics.
4. What's the author's attitude about Arkin's approach ?
A. His approach is an admirable goal and it can be realize.
B. If Dr. Arkin does a very good job , robot would fight without any mistakes in the battlefield.
C. Robot are no substitute for people.
D. Dr. Arkin's approach is perfect and ethical.
【答案】BDAD
【分析】1.细节理解题，根据第一段内容可知，机器比人便宜，故明显B错误。
2.推理判断题，根据第二段第一句，A中的manned是错误的，应该是不载人的，B答案的already不符合文意，C答案的similar无处谈起，D答案可以从文章第三段最后一句找到。
3.主旨大意题，根据文章每段的主要内容我们可以排除掉C,D，相关性不大，在A，B中重点是后半句的表达，B答案中机器人的良心只在第三段的“in other words...”中出现，因此不是贯穿全文的表达，相对的，rules则在全文都有体现，故选A。
4.推理判断题，根据文章最后一段可知，A为正确选项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Apart from influencing athletic ability, being overweight affects young people’s mental health.
B. There are currently a few initiatives in place that could help combat(与...战斗) this problem.
C. While it sounds like a good idea, the course should only be a part of a larger movement to maintain a healthy body through changes in diet and lifestyle.
D. Aside from that, working out with like-minded people can provide moral support.
E. Due to the current cultural views on obesity there is a significant need for anti-obesity education.
F. With this in mind, we can see that such classes should only be the first step of many when it comes to solving the obesity problem in China.
Obesity is a problem often associated with North America. However, China is preparing that East Asians are having issues battling the problem as well. In fact, it is estimated that there are over 40 million obese people in China. To address weight problems of its students, Nanjing Agricultural University is offering weight reduction classes in which the students who loses the most weight gets the highest mark. (1)________
Given the many complications that come with it, it’s not hard to realize that obesity is a problem that needs to be acted upon. It was not long age that a plus size student in Nanjing University fainted during a 1,000-meter race and died tragically. He was 168 centimeters and 92 kilograms, which was not exactly an ideal shape for competitive racing. (2)________ In fact, depression and social anxiety often go hand in hand with obesity along with heart and breathing problems.
In terms of motivation, signing up for a course like the one offered in Nanjing Agricultural University is very likely to inspire individuals. It’s like signing a contract for a goal that promises rewards and recognition. (3)_________ Meanwhile, students get college credits for completing course by submitting a paper related to weight loss at the end of the semester.
However, there’s also a dark side to offering a course that resembles the plot of a reality television show. While entertaining and possibly inspiring for students, this course could lead to an extreme lifestyle change. As a result, there is no guarantee that students will still keep their new found good habits with respect to eating and exercising after the course is completed.
(4)________ The goal should be to find out the reason why people become overweight and change people’s habits in general instead of focusing on the effects.
【答案】 CADF
【分析】1. 上文讲到南京农业大学给减肥的同学学分来解决肥胖的问题，所以这一句是对南京农业大学的方案做出评论，故选C。
2. 上一句讲的是对于赛跑的人来说，肥胖非常不利，后一句论及depression and social anxiety，属于心理问题,故选A。
3. 这一段的观点为，参与一个减肥课程能激发个体去减肥。且上一句讲到这种处理方式的好处，所以这一空也可以是论及这种处理方式的好处，故选D。
4. 后一句The goal should be to find out the reason，表明后续还要去找根本原因，那这一空则是表明现在所作的情况，故选F。
VI. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.到明年大学毕业，他学习英语有八年了。( by the time)
2.我不喜欢这本畅销书，因为我无法与其中的任何主角产生共鸣。( identify)
3.他们已经得知了当地政府将采取行动阻止疾病蔓延的消息。( inform)
4.这个组织将发起一项运动旨在唤起人们的环保意识。( launch;aim; arouse)
5.解决这个问题可能的方法包括引入更好的循环用水方法和限制人口增长。（solution; include)
6.就你所提出的关于保护自然资源的建议，我们同意一次性用品( disposable goods）不如再生产
产品。 ( reference; inferior)
【答案】
1. By the time he graduates from university next year, he will have learned English for eight years.
2. I don't like this best-selling novel/best-seller, because I can't identify with any main character in it.
3. They are informed of the news that the local government will take action to stop the sprea d of the disease.
4.The organization will launch a campaign which is aimed at arousing people's awareness of environmental protection.
5.Possible solutions to the problem include introducing better ways of recycling water and limiting the population growth.
6. With reference to your suggestions about conserving natural resources, we agreed that disposable goods are inferior to recycled products.
【分析】1.考点：by the time到…时间为止，主句用将来完成时，从句用一般现在时
2.考点：identify with与....产生共鸣；畅销书best-seller/best-selling novel/book
3.考点：be informed of 得知…；消息的内容是一个完整的句子，所以要用同位语句来补充消息的内容
4.考点：唤起人们....的意识arouse people’s awareness/consciousness of.....；发起一项运动launch a campaign；旨在be aimed at
5.考点：solution to....的解决方法；include doing sth ；population growth
6. 考点：with reference to 关于，就...而言；be inferior to 不如…好
课后巩固
● 请将本次课错题组卷，进行二次练习，培养错题管理习惯
● 学霸笔记复习，培养复习习惯
● 建议课后及时巩固复习省略句和情态动词的完成时，注意本节课词汇和词组的整理和记背。
同课章节目录