牛津译林版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 2 The universal language 讲义（下）（含答案）

2990215328295M4U2 The universal language II
M4U2 The universal language II
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◎课文语法填空
根据P16-17教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Combining Chinese and Western musical elements, Butterfly Lovers is a famous violin concerto 1._________(compose) by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. It takes us through the story of a young couple torn apart by 2._________(they) families. This beautiful piece of music 3._________(express) different moods. First, the music is light and pleasant, telling Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai's first meeting. It is followed by a fast and cheerful section 4._________ represents their three happy years of school. Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is when the lovers 5._________(separate). Finally, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform 6._________ butterflies and fly away.
Country music became popular in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. It grew out of such music types as the blues and folk music, so the 7._________(musician) use many similar instruments. The tunes are easy 8._________(sing), and the lyrics often leave you deep in 9._________(think). The songs are not only about hardship and heartbreak, but also about hope. Country music shows the 10._________(peace) green fields and simple life of the countryside.
【答案】1.composed 2. their 3. expresses 4. which/that 5. separation 6. into 7. musicians
8. to sing 9. thought 10. peaceful
1858645-39370答案：
suitable; suit 2. recording; record; recorder 3. distant; distance; distantly
breath; breathe 5. unusual; usual; usually 6. remarkable; remark
7. prediction; predictable; predict 8. depress; depression; depressive
答案：
suitable; suit 2. recording; record; recorder 3. distant; distance; distantly
breath; breathe 5. unusual; usual; usually 6. remarkable; remark
7. prediction; predictable; predict 8. depress; depression; depressive
语言知识初探
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
_________ adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→_________ v. 适合，使适合；有利于；相配 n. 一套衣服；副；套
_________ n. 录音，视频；录制；记录，记载→_________ n. 记录，记载 v. 记录，将……录音→_________ n. 记录员；录音机；录像机
_________ adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→_________ n. 距离；远处；冷淡，疏远 v. 拉开距离；与……疏远→_________ adv. 冷淡地；遥远地；模糊地
_________ n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象→_________ v. 呼吸；呼气
_________ adj. 特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的→_________ adj. 寻常的，惯常的，通常的→_________ adv. 通常，经常地
_________ adj. 非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的→_________ n. 言论，评论 v. 评论，谈及，谈论
_________n. 预言，预测→_________ adj. 可预见的→_________ v. 预言；预报
_________ vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→_________ n. 不景气；沮丧，消沉→_________ adj. 抑郁的 n. 抑郁症患者
437832598425?[反] think poorly/badly of ...
?[反] think poorly/badly of ...
根据提示补全下列短语
424688010795speak/think highly/well/much of ... 对……评价很高，欣赏
get down to (doing) sth. 开始着手（做）某事
go one’s separate ways 分道扬镳
be capable of doing sth. 能够做某事
every other week 每隔一周；每两周
turn up the volume 调高音量
hold one’s breath 屏息以待，焦急地等待
sweep along =sweep away （常用被动）使深受影响，使醉心
reflect on ... 深思，反省
break into cheers 突然开始喝彩
day and night 夜以继日
enjoy a reputation as 享有……的声誉
music world 音乐界
make predictions about ... 做有关……的预测
be determined to do sth. 决定做某事
a variety of ... 各种各样的……
take in ... 理解，吸收
768985149860desperate lows and uplifting highs 充满绝望的低音和催人奋进的高音
2071370190500 be desperate for sth. 渴望某物
be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事
in desperate/bad need of sth. =need sth. desperately/badly 极/非常需要某物
make desperate efforts to do … 极为努力做某事
be desperate for sth. 渴望某物
be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事
in desperate/bad need of sth. =need sth. desperately/badly 极/非常需要某物
make desperate efforts to do … 极为努力做某事
all of a sudden 突然，猛地





重点知识点解析
suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的
(教材P21) A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music. 一群科学家和艺术家开始着手挑选合适的音乐。
【用法详解】(be) suitable for sb./sth. 适合某人/某物
(be) suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
如：I don’t think he is suitable for the position. 我认为他不适合这个职位。
I don’t have anything suitable to wear for the party. 我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
（1）suit vt. 适合，合（某人）心意 n. [C] 套装
如：No dish suits all tastes.众口难调.
（2）unsuitable adj. 不合适的，不适当的
知识要点2 distant adj.（距离）遥远的, 远处的；不友好的，冷淡的，疏远的；[定] 远亲的 ?[反义] close
(教材P21) We do not know what will happen in the end, but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet. 我们不知道最终会发生什么，但也许有一天在遥远的星球上会听到琴声。
【用法详解】be (+距离) distant from sth. 离某物（……）远
a distant memory 久远的记忆
distant relatives 远亲
如：The airport was about 20 kilometres distant. 机场在大约20公里远的地方。
Peace was just a distant hope (=not very likely). 和平只是遥不可及的希望而已。
Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone. 从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。
There was a distant心不在焉的，恍惚的 look in her eyes; her mind was obviously on something else.
她眼神恍惚，显然心里在想着别的什么事儿。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
（1）distance n. [C, U] 距离；[U]（时间的）久远，（空间的）遥远；[C, U] 疏远
常见搭配 in the distance 在远处
from a distance 从远处
at/from a distance of ... 在/从……远的地方（of后跟具体的距离）
keep one’s distance 保持距离
distantly adv. 遥远地
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
We saw lights in the distance.
A near neighbor is better than a distant(distance) cousin. 远亲不如近邻。
The coldness and distance(distant) in her voice took me by surprise.
知识要点3和4 stare，breath
(教材P23) I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song. 我把音量调大，站在那里盯着收音机，屏住呼吸，等待这首歌开始的几个音符。
【用法详解】(1)stare vi. 盯着看，凝视，注视 n. [C] 凝视，注视
常见搭配 stare at sb./sth. 盯着某人/某物看
give sb. a rude stare 无礼地盯着某人155321014605
如：She stared at the painting, wondering where she had seen it.
她凝视着这幅画，想知道自己曾在哪里见过它。
易混辨析 stare at、glance at、glare at
易混词组
区别
例句
stare at
指长时间盯着某个目标看，且带有粗鲁、茫然或不礼貌的意味。
It’s impolite to stare at foreign visitors in the street.
glare at
指怒视，强调敌对或威胁的态度。
He didn’t shout but glared at me silently.
glance at
指匆匆一看或瞥一眼，强调看的时间短暂。
She glanced at the envelope and recognized her uncle’s handwriting. “一眼就认出”
【用法详解】(2)breath n. [U] 呼吸的空气；[C] 一次吸入的空气
归纳拓展 短语积累、词性转换
（1）breath相关短语：
hold one’s breath 屏息以待，焦虑地等待；屏息，憋气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
take one’s breath away 令人惊叹
catch one’s breath 缓一口气；歇口气
save one’s breath 免费口舌 →白费口舌 waste one’s breath
(be) out of breath （运动后）上气不接下气
(be) short of breath 呼吸短促，呼吸困难
draw in a breath of fresh air 吸一口清新的空气
如：He recited the whole poem in one breath. 他一口气背出了整篇诗。
We were out of breath after only five minutes. 我们五分钟后便气喘吁吁了。
Save your breath -- you'll never persuade her. 不用白费口舌了——你永远说服不了她。
Walsh muttered something under his breath. 沃尔什小声嘟囔了一句。
（2）词性转换：
breathe vi. ＆ vt. 呼吸
如：When we breathe, the air goes into our lung. 吸气时, 空气就进入了我们的肺部。
Humans take/breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
人吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。
breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的
breathlessly adv. 上气不接下气地；气喘吁吁地
【即时巩固】辨义填空、翻译句子
辨义填空（注意变形）：stare at/glance at/glare at
①I would rather stare at a clear, star-filled sky than a TV set. 我宁可凝视繁星满天的晴朗夜空也不愿盯着电视机。
②Two fierce(凶狠的) eyes glared at them.
③I only had time to glance at the newspapers.
翻译句子
①我屏住呼吸沉入水底。
I held my breath and sank under the water.
②他曾停下来歇口气，同时确定一下方向。
He had stopped to catch his breath and make sure of his directions.
③我是从收音机里听到这首歌的，它令我惊叹不已。
I heard this song on the radio and it just took my breath away.
知识要点5 accompany vt. 陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏
(教材P23) Yes, the Beatles’s music has accompanied me throughout my life. 没错，披头士的音乐陪伴了我一生。
【用法详解】accompany sb. to sp. 陪伴某人去某处
be accompanied by ... 在……的陪同下；伴有……
accompany sb. at/on sth. 用某物为某人伴奏
如：Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult. 不满14岁的孩子必须有大人陪同。
Strong winds are accompanied by heavy rain. 狂风夹杂着暴雨。
Each pack contains a book and accompanying CD. 每包内装书一本，并附光盘一张。
Mary sang and I accompanied her on the piano. 玛丽唱歌，我弹钢琴伴奏。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
companion n. [C] 伙伴，同伴
company n. [U] 陪伴；[C] 公司
常见搭配 keep sb. company =accompany sb 陪伴某人
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
He sang and Alice accompanied him on the piano.
Announcement of the verdict was accompanied by shouts and cheers. 在一片喊叫和欢呼声中宣布了判决。
He accompanied her to Paris.
知识要点6 expectation n. [U, C] 预料，期待；[C, usu pl.] 期望，指望；[C, usu pl., U] 希望，盼望
(教材P23) It has helped me look to the future with expectation and now it helps me reflect on my life with quiet satisfaction. 它帮助我满怀期待地展望未来，现在它帮助我暗自得意地反思自己的生活。
【用法详解】contrary to/(be) against/(be) beyond expectations 出乎意料/超出预期
in (the) expectation of ... 预计会有……，预料……；以期获得……
have high expectations of ... 对……怀有远大期望
with expectations 怀有希望
live up to/come up to /be up to/meet one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望，如某人所愿
如：He took an umbrella with him in expectation of rain. 他预料天会下雨，带了一把伞。
Contrary to expectations, interest rates did not rise. 出乎意料的是利率并未上升。
Against all expectations, she was enjoying herself. 完全没想到她过得非常快活。
We are in momentary expectation of the arrival of you. 我们无时无刻不在盼望你的到来。
She went to college with great expectations. 她满怀希望地进入大学。
The event did not live up to expectations. 这项比赛有负众望。
Some parents have unrealistic expectations of their children. 有的父母对孩子的指望不切实际。
The results exceeded our expectations. 结果比我们希望的还好。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
expect vt. 期待，预料
常见搭配 expect (sb.) to do sth. 期待/预计（某人）做某事
expect sth. of/from sb. 要求；指望
expect +that从句 期待……
如：Her parents expected high standards from her. 她的父母对她的期望很高。
（2）expected adj. 预料的，预期的
?unexpected adj. 出乎意料的，始料未及的
→unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
He had determined to live up to the expectations(expect) of the Company.
The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his expectation. 西湖的春景要比他所预想的更加美丽。
You can't expect to learn(learn) a foreign language in a few months.
He's still getting over his illness, so don't expect too much from/of him. 他仍处于康复期，所以不要对他期望过高。
知识要点7 enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的，热烈的
(教材P25) The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special, and they broke into enthusiastic cheers at the end of the symphony. 听众很快意识到他们所听绝非凡品，演出结束的那一刻，全场爆发出热情的欢呼。
【用法详解】be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对（做）某事热心/感兴趣
如：an enthusiastic supporter 热心的支持者
You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea. 你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
（1）enthusiastically adv. 热情地
（2）enthusiasm n. 热情，热心
常见搭配 with enthusiasm 怀着热情
enthusiasm for (doing) sth. 对（做）某事的热情
be short of/be full of enthusiasm 缺乏/充满热情
如：She never lost her enthusiasm for teaching. 她从未失去过教书的热忱。
“How wonderful!” she said with simulated enthusiasm.
“多棒啊！”她装出一副兴致勃勃的样子说道。
知识要点8 reputation n. [C, U] 名誉，名声
(教材P25) By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 十多岁的时候，他已经是有名的杰出少年音乐家了。
【常见搭配】have a good/bad reputation 有好/坏名声
have a reputation for ... =be famous for ... 以……著称
acquire/earn/build/enjoy a reputation 获得/赢得/树立/享有声誉
ruin one’s reputation 毁坏某人的名声
live up to one’s reputation 名副其实
如：She soon acquired a reputation as a first-class cook. 她不久就获得了顶级厨师的名声。
I'm aware of Mark's reputation for being late. 我知道马克迟到是出了名的。
The weather in England is living up to its reputation (=is exactly as expected).
英格兰的天气真是名副其实。
【易混辨析】reputation和fame
易混词
区别
搭配
reputation
可指好名声，也可指坏名声，强调人们心目中的印象。
have a good/bad reputation 有好/坏名声
fame
仅指好名声，强调较高的知名度，反义词为notoriety。
rise to fame 声名鹊起
achieve/gain/win fame 获得/赢得名声
fame and fortune 名利
知识要点9 possess vt. [不用进行时] 有，拥有；具有（特质）
(教材P25) In a letter to his brothers, he wrote, “... how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfection ...” 在给他兄弟的一封信里，他写道：“……我怎么能承认我应该比别人更完美、我曾经拥有过的最完美的感官成为弱点……”
【用法详解】possess sth. =have sth. 拥有/具有某物
如：The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works. 这座画廊藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。
I'm afraid he doesn't possess a sense of humour. 恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
possession n. [U] 具有，拥有；[C, usu pl.] 私人物品，个人财产（=belongings）
常见搭配 take possession of ... 拥有/占有……
sb. be in possession of ... 某人拥有/占有……（主语通常是人）
sth. be in the possession of sb./sth. be in sb.’s possession 某物为某人所有（主语通常是物）
如：The girl is in possession of the car. =The car is in the possession of the girl./... is in the girl’s possession.
We have already bought the house, but we won’t take possession of it until May.
我们已经买了房子，但要到五月份才能拿到。
When her father died, she came into possession of a large fortune. 父亲去世后，她继承了一大笔财产。
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
He was charged with possessing(possess) a shotgun without a licence.
The manuscript is just one of the treasures in their(they) possession.
The gang was caught in possession of stolen goods. 人赃俱获
Those documents are now in the possession of the Guardian.
知识要点10 abandon vt. 放弃，中止；抛弃；舍弃；| 陷入，沉湎于（某种情感）
(教材P26) Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope. 然而，即使在那些最晦暗的时刻，贝多芬都不曾放弃希望。
【用法详解】abandon one’s hope/plan/idea 放弃某人的希望/计划/想法
abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于（某种情感），陷入（to为介词，后跟名词或v-ing）
如：The baby had been abandoned by its mother. 这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces. 他们不得不舍弃土地，让侵略军占领。
We are scared to abandon ourselves to our feelings in case we seem weak or out of control.
我们不敢放纵自己的情感，以免显得太过软弱或缺乏自制。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
abandoned adj. [可作表语或前置定语] 被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的
如：an abandoned car/house 被抛弃的轿车/弃置的房子
The child was found abandoned but unharmed. 该弃儿被人们发现时安然无恙。
知识要点11 ease n. [U] 容易，舒适，自在 vt. & vi. 减轻；缓解（=relieve, soothe）
(教材P26) The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease, showing his genius as a composer. 即使技术难度很高的段落，音乐也都从容流过，展现了他作为作曲家的才华。
【用法详解】with ease 轻易，毫不费劲
at ease 不拘束，放松
put ab. at ease 让某人放松
easerelieve the pain/stress/tension/burden 减轻疼痛/压力/紧张/负担
如：He was intelligent and capable of passing his exams with ease. 他很聪明，能轻而易举地通过考试。
Knowing that the children were safe, his mind was at ease. 得知孩子们安然无恙，他才放心。
√小试身手（1）-翻译句子
这该有助于减轻痛苦。
This should help ease the pain.
他陷入绝望。
He abandoned himself to despair.
迈克尔在数学上可能不太灵光，但在语言方面很有天赋。（be gifted in ...）
Michael may have been a dunce at mathematics, but he was gifted in languages.
咱们别说废话了，开始干正事吧。
Let's cut the crap and get down to business.
她的话说得很清晰，以至于我们每个人都听懂了她的意思。（so ... that ...）
Her words were so clear that each of us can understand her.

◎单元重点语法—动词-ing形式动名词作主语和宾语
1. 构成与特点（主宾不过分：分词<尤其是过去分词>不作主语或宾语）
动名词与现在分词同形，均由动词原形+ing构成。
动名词具有名词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。同时，动名词仍保留着动词的一些特征，可以带宾语和状语，并有完成式和被动语态。
动名词的的各种时态、语态变化如下:
形 式
及物动词
不及物动词
主动
被动
主动
一般式
doing
being done
doing
完成式
having done
having been done
having done
时态
动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式，否则都用一般式。如：
We are interested in playing chess.
He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.
语态
若动名词的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象（即构成动宾关系），动名词用被动语态。如：
We must do something to prevent water from being polluted.
I remember having been told a story.
He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.
2. 用法
作主语
如：例1 Talking is no good. 空谈是没有用的。
例2 Working for him is fun. 为他工作很有意思。
例3 Sitting there was pleasant. 坐在那里很愉快.
注意 ①由以上例句可知，动名词作主语时，一般表示一般性、习惯性的动作。作主语的动名词有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词常用单数。
②动名词（短语）作主语时，也可用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（即动名词）放在后面，有以下结构：
(1)It is no use (no good, fun, a new experience, a great honour, etc) + doing sth.
因此，上述例2就可以改为：It’s fun working for him.
(2)It is good (nice, useless, interesting, pleasant, tiring, etc) + doing或to do sth. 如：
因此，上述例句3就可以改为：It was pleasant sitting there.
又如：It is useless speaking. 光说没有用。
(3)It is?worthwhile doing sth.
如：It’s worthwhile doing the work.?这项工作值得做。
(4)There is
166878074295-381076200no way
doing sth.
no sense/point/good in
nothing worse than
注意 ③动名词作主语时，如果要突出动作的执行者，要在动名词前加上所表动作的逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语通常为名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。如：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
Mike’s returning back to work is a great help to us.
√小试身手（2）-单句语法填空
It’s no use _______(complain) without taking any action.
It is a waste of time _______(warn) him–he is determined to go his own way.
【答案】1. complaining 2. warning
作宾语
如：I enjoy listening to music.
He often practices playing the piano in the evening.
He is fond of playing basketball.
He has given up smoking.
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
①只能接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：
考虑建议盼原谅（consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon）
承认推迟没得想（admit, delay/put off, fancy）
避免错过继续练（avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise）
否认完成就欣赏（deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate）
禁止想象才冒险（forbid, imagine, risk）
不禁介意准逃亡（can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape）
难以忍受始反对（can’t stand, set about, object to）
想要成功坚持忙（feel like, succeed in, stick to/insist on, be busy）
习惯放弃有困难（be used/accustomed to, give up, have difficulty/trouble/problems ）
导致专心防道款（lead to, devote to, prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from, apologize for）
be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 be proud of 以……为骄傲 be afraid of 害怕……
②后接动名词、不定式均可，且意义相同的动词或短语有：
like, love, dislike, hate, begin/start, continue, prefer, can’t bear/endure（无法忍受）, cease（停止）, etc.
③某些及物动词后，可加动名词（doing）也可用动词不定式（to do）作宾语，但意义不同。如：
remember doing
remember to do
forget doing
forget to do
regret doing 后悔做过某事
regret to do 遗憾去做某事
mean doing 意味着
mean to do 打算做某事（=plan to do）
try doing 尝试着做某事
try to do 尽力做某事
stop doing 停止正在做的事
stop to do 停下来做别的事（to do表目的）
go on doing 继续做原来做的事
go on to do 接着做别的事
want/need/require doing 表示被动含义
=want/need/require to be done
be worth doing 主动形式表示被动含义
be/get used to dong 习惯于做某事
used to do 过去常常做某事（现在不做了）
be used to do 被用来做某事（被动语态）
can’t help doing =can’t help but do 情不自禁做某事
can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做某事
like/hate +doing 喜欢/讨厌某种行为（经常性）
like/hate +to do 喜欢/讨厌去做某事（特定的某一次）
*dislike后只跟doing
be considered to have done 被认为已经做了某事
consider doing 考虑做某事
consider (think, find) … (to be) 认为……是……

④动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语以构成复合结构，其形式有：
(1)形容词性物主代词
(2)名词所有格
(3)人称代词宾格
(4)名词
+动名词
如：He left the city without our knowing it.
Do you mind my/me opening the window?
I knew nothing about the window being open.

√小试身手（3）-单句语法填空
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______(wait) for another hour.
It is difficult to imagine his _______(accept) the decision without any consideration.
She didn’t feel like _______(work), so he suggested _______(spend) the day in the garden.
I regret _______(be able) to come to your birthday party yesterday.
Considerable resources have been devoted to _______(prove) him a liar.
—I’m sorry, but I didn’t mean _______(let) out your secret.
—But you know, letting out a secret mean _______(hurt) one’s feelings.
Who is considered _______(invent) the telephone, do you know?
Mr. Smith is considering ______(buy) a computer, which is considered _______(be) a great help in his work and study.
【答案】1. waiting 2. accepting 3. working, spending 4. being unable 5. proving 6. to let, hurting
7. to have invented 8. buying; to be

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
（一）单词拼写
1. Jack took a deep b_________ and then dived into the water.
2. He wanted to get away from everything so he moved to a d_________ land.
3. She s__________ at the painting, wondering where she had seen it.
4. The cooling wind s__________ through our bedroom windows.
5. It is not u___________ for new business owners to work seventy or eighty hours a week.
6. We have achieved such r___________ growth and development over the past decade.
7. She was ____________(陪同) by an experienced ski instructor and she learnt very quickly.
8. I learnt that ____________(期盼) at weddings in different countries can be quite different.
9. The rules of the game are too ___________(复杂的，难懂的) to explain in a few words.
10. The _________(太阳的) system is the sun and all the planets that go round it.
【答案】1. breath 2. distant 3. stared 4. swept 5. unusual 6. remarkable 7. accompanied
8. expectations 9. complicated 10. solar
（二）单句语法
1. The man in the river ___________(desperate) tried to reach the side.
2. His mind was __________ ease knowing that the children were safe.
3. After careful consideration, they agreed to abandon ___________(carry) out the project.
4. Having been cheated by that company, he lost all his ___________(possess).
5. With tears ____________(stream) down his face, she kissed her family members good-bye.
6. Parents are proud but worried about ___________(predict) future of children.
7. His wife is good to him but she has a tendency to talk too much, which sometimes ___________(upset) him.
8. We shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures. Rather, we should keep trying with _____________(enthusiastic).
9. It is predicted that about one?third of European populations will be ___________(age) over 65 in 2050.
10. People have to think about how to protect themselves from _____(depress), low subjective well?being and early death.
【答案】1. desperately 2. at 3. carrying 4. possessions 5. streaming 6. unpredictable 7. upsets
8. enthusiasm 9. aged 10. depression
II. 用合适的非谓语形式填空
A
Having an office lunch buddy(伙伴) is fun, but it’s also truly important. Studies have shown these friends can improve your productivity at work and make you happier.
Tom Rath explains this idea in his book. “When (1)___________(ask) if they would rather have a best friend at work or a 10% pay raise, people chose friendship.” In his surveys, he found that not only are “people with at least three close friends” more likely (2)___________(be) satisfied with their lives, but it also doubles their salary satisfaction. As is explained, “people (3)___________(have) a best friend at work are more likely to focus on their job.
There are many reasons American workers have decreased their focus on (4)___________(build) relationships in the office. For one, job longevity has gone down. Most millennial(千禧年的) workers spend an average of four years or less at their workplace, so (5)___________(make) friends can seem pointless. Employees are also putting in more hours each week, so they try to keep their personal time (6)___________(leave) to themselves.
However, it’s important (7)___________(open) up to coworkers with non-work-related conversations. In addition to (8)___________(improve) productivity and general happiness, friendship encourages sharing and creativity in the workplace. Instead of (9)___________(focus) inward on growth, Rath advises leadership teams (10)___________(promote) a work environment with a friendly culture.
【答案】1. asked 2. to be 3. having 4. building 5. making
6. left 7. to open 8. improving 9. focusing 10. to promote
B
Source water refers to sources of water, such as rivers, streams, lakes, springs, and groundwater (1)___________(provide) water to public drinking water supplies and private wells.
Protecting source water can reduce risks by preventing exposure to (2)___________(pollute) water. Drinking water services that meet the definition of a public water meeting system are responsible for (3)___________(meet) the requirements of state drinking water programs under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Protecting source water from pollution helps (4)__________(reduce) costs and may avoid the need (5)___________(treat) water with difficulty.
There are many additional benefits (6)___________(connect) with source water protection, such as protecting water quality for wildlife use, and protecting the quantity of water supplies.
Source water protection includes a wide variety of actions (7)___________(aim) at safeguarding, keeping, or improving the quality and quantity of sources of drinking water and their contributing areas (水流区域). These activities may depend on the type of source (8)___________(protect) at that moment.
Even though most community drinking water, especially from surface water sources, is treated before (9)___________(enter) the home, the cost of it and the risks to public health can be reduced by (10)___________(protect) source water from pollution.
So far, many communities have formed organizations or groups that plan and carry out source water protection.
【答案】1. providing 2. polluted 3. meeting 4. (to) reduce 5. to treat
6. connected 7. aimed 8. being protected 9. entering 10. protecting
III. 阅读理解
A
68859400Heaven and Hell
In a remote part of Iceland, a boy and his friend Barour join a boat to fish for cod.
A winter storm surprises them out at sea and Barour, absorbed in a book, gives in to the cold and dies. Distraught from Barour's death, the boy leaves the village, intending to return the book to its original owner. The extreme hardship and danger of the journey is of little consequence to him一he has already decided to join his friend in death. But once in the town he immerses himself in the stories and lives of itsinhabitants, and decides that he cannot be with his friend just yet.
336550Ebenezer Le Page
Eighty years old, Ebenezer Le Page has lived his whole life in a place caught between the coasts of England and France. As Ebenezer reaches the end of his life, he is determined to tell his own story and the stories of those he has known. He writes of family secrets and feuds, unforgettable friendships and friendships betrayed, love glimpsed and lost.
68408550Play Anything
In Play Anything, Ian Bogost shows how we can overcome our daily anxiety; transforming the boring, ordinary world around us into one of endless, playful possibilities. The key to this playful mindset lies in discovering the secret truth of fun and games and its setting limitations. Play is what happens when we accept these limitations, narrow our focus, and, consequently, have fun. Which is also how to live a good life. Kick a soccer ball into a goal is no different than treating ordinary circumstances as sources for meaning and joy.
-1841576200Option B
After the sudden death of her husband, Sheryl Sandberg felt certain that she and her children would never feel pure joy again. Her friend Adam Grant, a psychologist at Wharton, told her there are concrete steps people can take to recover and rebound from life-shattering experiences. We are not born with a fixed amount of resilience. It is a muscle that everyone can build.
51 . How is Heaven and Hell recommended in the passage?
A. By describing the author's experience. B. By introducing some of its contents.
C. By presenting the book review. D. By comparing it with the other three books.
52. Which of the following statements is true?
A. In Heaven and Hell, both the boy and his friend Bardur died at the end of the story."
B. Ebenezer Le Page spent his whole life travelling in England and France.
C. Play Anything is about how to deal with daily anxiety and how to live a good life.
D. Sheryl Sandberg helped Adam Grant recover from the death of his family member.
B
As far as live spectator sports go, the Tour de France has to be one of the strangest, For hours, thousands of enthusiasts line the route under a baking sun. Fans bring folding chairs and picnics. At last, there is action on the road. But it is the long caravan（大篷车） of advertising vehicles which precedes the racers. And then suddenly, in a flash of lime green and yellow, the breakaway cyclists, followed by cycling pack, pass. It all lasts a matter of seconds. But then again the world's most famous cycling race is as much about the geography and national identity of France as it is about the sport.
The tour is thrilling the French this year. For the first time in 34 years, a Frenchman -- either Thibaut Pinot or Julian Alaphilippe -- has a chance of winning when the race finishes on the Champs-Elysees on July 28th. For decades,the French have watched with disappointment the Spanish, Americans and British get the trophy（奖杯）. French suspicions of cheating used to seem like sour grapes. But in 2012 Lance Armstrong, a seven time American winner, was stripped of his titles after a doping（兴奋剂） scandal. Today, the tour has recovered its credibility as an extreme test of muscular endurance, and with it the country's enthusiasm. The French airwaves have been filled with breathless live coverage of the race, with its 21 separate stages covering 3,480km. This year is also the centenary（一百周年） of the maillotjaune（黄衫） awarded daily to the race leader To celebrate, on July 20th President Emmanuel Macron was at the Col du Tourmaletin the Pyrenees to congratulate maillotjaune-wearing Mr Alaphilippe as well as the day's winner, who happened to be Mr Pinot. In 1903 Henri Desgrange, an early cycling enthusiast, designed the tour to help publicise his sports newspaper. Yet these days the tour also serves to promote France. On July 24th cyclists sped past the medieval village of Faucon, having started at the Roman aqueduct of the Pont du Gard, before ending in the foothills of the Alps. More of the French think of the race as a chance to admire the scenery than see it as a great sporting event.
The tour, said Christian Prudhomme, its director, is "life ... all the wonderful, exceptional, disconcerting, unfortunate things that can happen: it is life."
53. What makes the Tour de France thrilling the French this year?
A. Live spectator sports. B. Thousands of enthusiasts.
C. The national identity of France. D. The possible victory of a Frenchman.
54. Henri Desgrange planned the Tour de France in order to .
A. make his newspaper popular B. promote France
C. broadcast the race live D. show medieval villages
55. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. The meaning of the Tour de France. B. The history of the Tour de France.
C. The separate stages of the Tour de France. D. The participants in the Tour de France.
C
Scientists in the United Kingdom and China have announced plans to use artificial（人工的）intelligence（Al） on chicken farms in order to fight the problem of antibiotic（抗生素） resistance （耐药性） in both farm animals and humans.
The new plan will use machine learning to find ways to track and prevent disease on farms, reducing the need for antibiotic treatment in chickens and therefore lowering the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria（细菌） spreading to people.
The research will be led by animal health experts from the University of Nottingham and Nimrod Veterinary Products in the UK as well as two Chinese partners -- New Hope Liuhe in Chengdu and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment.
“Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem and it's getting worse and worse. Some of these superbugs are resistant to everything. We don't know how to treat them,” University of Nottingham veterinary professor Tania Dottorini told China Daily. "On farms, superbugs are not limited to animals. They spread to humans and to the environment at a fast spread. If we don't understand how to stop this, it's going to be really bad.”
Around 700,000 deaths a year result from antibiotic resistance, according to a report announced by the UK government. If left unchecked, drug resistance could lead to 10 million deaths a year by 2050, which is more than the number of people who now die from cancer every year.
Antibiotics work by interrupting function in certain parts of a bacterial cell. Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics through genetic mutations（突变） that change those areas of the cell, meaning medicine can no longer influence them.
The more a bacterium is exposed to an antibiotic, the more likely it is to become resistant. Large numbers of people and animals are given antibiotics when they don't need them, so reducing unnecessary consumption is very important in the fight against so-called superbug.
“When you have large amounts of data, the human mind can't deal with that. It's too complex," Dottorini said of machine learning. "We need something that is able to understand the relationship across a big amount of information."
Dottorini said that, if successful, these methods should be used to other farm studies in China and abroad.
56. Why do scientists in the UK and China plan to use artificial intelligence on chicken farms?
A. To find the existence of superbugs.
B. To explore the origin of drug resistance.
C. To reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance in both animals and people.
D. To confirm the need for antibiotic treatment in chickens.
57. What do we know about superbugs according to Tania Dottorini?
A. Superbugs are only limited to animals on farms.
B. Researchers have figured out how to cope with superbugs.
C. People will get rid of superbugs successfully in China and abroad.
D. The spread of some superbugs may bring about serious consequences.
58. Which of the following is true according to the last four paragraphs?
A. Antibiotics can preserve certain parts of bacteria cell.
B. Medicine is ineffective to the bacteria resistant to antibiotics.
C. Bacteria will become resistant unless it is exposed to an antibiotic.
D. The key to fighting against superbugs is to avoid giving antibiotics to animals and people.
59. What does the underlined word "something” in Paragraph 8 refer to?
A. Superbugs. B. Artificial intelligence. C. Antibiotic. D. Human mind.
60. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Ways to improve Al technology B. A research to prevent drug resistance
C. Al used to fight drug resistance D. Superbugs remaining to be treated
D
Rich countries are racing to dematerialize（无纸化） payments. They need to do more to prepare for the side-efffects .
For the past 3,000 years, when people thought of money they thought of cash, from buying food to settling bar bills or daily dealings.
Over the past decade, however, digital payments have taken off. Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies. That will make the economy more efficient?but it also brings new problems.
Countries are getting rid of cash at varying speeds. But the direction of travel is clear, and in some cases the journey is nearly complete. In Sweden the number of retail（零售的） cash deals per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years. Cash accounts for just 6% of purchases by value in Norway. Outside the rich world, cash is still king. But even there its dominance is being shaken. In China, digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.
Cash is dying out because of two forces. One is demand—younger consumers want payment systems that plug seamlessly（无缝地） into their digital lives.
But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets) and telecoms companies (in emerging ones) are developing fast, easy-to-use payment technologies from which they can pull data and pocket fees.
There is a high cost to running the infrastructure（基础设施） behind the cash economy -- ATMs, vans carrying notes, tellers who accept coins. Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or try to prevent old-fashioned customers with high fees.
In general, the prospect of a cashless economy is excellent news. Cash is inefficient. In rich countries, producing, sorting, storing and distributing it costs about 0. 5% of GDP.
But that does not begin to capture the gains? When payments dematerialise, people and shops are less easy to meet theft. Governments can keep a closer eye on cheating or tax evasion（漏税）. Digitalisation enlarges the playground of small businesses and sole traders by enabling them to sell beyond their borders. It also creates a credit history, helping consumers borrow.
Yet set against these benefits are a lot of worries. Electronic payment systems may be easy to meet technical failures, power blackouts and cyber-attacks. In a cashless economy the poor, the elderly and country folk may be left behind. And getting rid of cash for a digital system could let governments spy on people's shopping habits and private titans（巨头） exploit their personal data.
61. China is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to show that .
A. cash is disappearing in rich countries at a fast speed
B. cash only accounts for a small part in business nowadays
C. cash is still the most important means of payment outside rich countries
D. cash doesn’t seem as important as it used to be in developing countries
62. What does the underlined word “dominance” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Power and influence. B. Limit and possibility.
C. Future and potential . D. Structure and style.
63. Digital payment is developing fast partly because .
A. most financial firms are in favor of cash
B. younger consumers have less pocket money nowadays
C. it can bring both data and profit to its suppliers
D. it is well-received by old-fashioned consumers
64. Which of the following statements is the possible consequence of getting rid of cash?
A. Cyber-attacks can be monitored easily.
B. Personal data may be used for other purposes.
C. Electronic payment system will have no technical failures.
D. It costs more to run the infrastructure of digital payment.
65. The passage is mainly about .
A. the side effects of digital payment
B. the benefits of dematerialising payments
C. protecting personal data due to digital payment
D. changes in payment methods and its possible influences
【答案】51-52 BC 53-55 DAA 56-60 CDBBB 61-65 DACBD

单元单词默写
_________ vi. 流，流动；充满；涨起 n. 流，流动；连贯；涨潮
_________ n. 航天（飞行）器，宇宙飞船
_________ adj, 太阳的；太阳能的
_________ vt, 问候，欢迎，招呼
_________ 开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事
_________ adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的
_________ n. 录音，视频；录制；记录，记载
_________ adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的
_________ n. 音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额
_________ vi. 盯着看，凝视，注视 n. 盯，凝视，注视
_________ n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象
_________ adj. 特别的，不寻常的；独特的；与众不同的
_________ vt. & vi. 吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧
_________ vt. & vi. 席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除 n. 打扫，清扫
_________ n. 唱片；光碟，光盘；圆盘，圆片
_________ adj. 复杂的，难懂的
_________ n.（乡间）小路，小巷；车道；跑道；航线
_________ vt. 陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏
_________ n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望
_________ adj. 非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的
_________ vi. & vt. 鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动
n. 小溪；（人）流，（车）流
_________ adj. 热情的，热心的
_________ n. 手帕，纸巾
_________ adj. 大量的，辽阔的，巨大的
_________ adj. 有才华的，有天赋的
_________ n. 名誉，名声
_________ adj. 聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的
_________ n. 预言，预测
_________ adj 不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的
_________ vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气
_________ adj. 难过的，失望的 vt. 使烦恼；搅乱；打翻
_________ vt. 具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制
_________ vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃
_________ 突然，猛地
_________ n. 管弦乐队
_________ adj. 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的
_________ adj. 令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的
_________ n. 容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vt. & vi.（使）宽慰，减轻
_________ n. 天赋，天资；天才
_________ n. 变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种
_________ n. 唱歌曲；副歌；合唱团
_________ adj. 宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的
_________ n. 末乐章，终场，结局；结尾
_________ n. 节奏，韵律，律动；规律
flow
spacecraft
solar
greet
get down to (doing) sth.
suitable
recording
distant
volume
stare
breath
unusual
grab
sweep
disc
complicated
lane
accompany
expectation
remarkable
stream
enthusiastic
handkerchief
vast
gifted
reputation
brilliant
prediction
extraordinary
depress
upset
possess
abandon
all of a sudden
orchestra
desperate
uplifting
ease
genius
variation
chorus
grand
finale
rhythm