牛津译林版（2020）高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 2 The universal language 讲义（上）（含答案）

2990215328295M4U2 The universal language I
M4U2 The universal language I
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267144559690答案：
compose; composer 2. dramatic; drama; dramatically
3. combine; combination; combined
4. surroundings; surrounding; surround 5. sorrow; sorrowful
6. adaptation; adaptable; adapt
答案：
compose; composer 2. dramatic; drama; dramatically
3. combine; combination; combined
4. surroundings; surrounding; surround 5. sorrow; sorrowful
6. adaptation; adaptable; adapt
语言知识初探
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
_________ v. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→_________ n. 作曲家，作曲者2. _________ adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的→drama n. 戏剧；戏剧艺术→_________ adv. 戏剧性地；引人注目地3. _________ vt. & vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并→_________ n. 结合；联合；结合体→_________ adj. 联合的；总计的4. _________ n. 周围，环境→_________ adj. 周围的；附近的→_________ v. 包围，围绕，环绕
_________ n. [U] 悲伤，悲痛；[C] 伤心事→_________ adj. 悲伤的，伤心的6. _________ n. 改编本，改写本；适应→_________ adj. 能适应的；有适应能力的→_________ v. 使适应，使适合；改编，改写；适应
根据提示补全下列短语
a wide range of types 种类繁多
host countries东道国，主办国
watch a music performance live 现场观看音乐表演
take me through the twists and turns of a classic story使我领略一个经典故事的曲折
tear sb. apart 使（关系亲密的人）分离，分开
whisper to sb. 向某人低语
(be) overcome with sorrow 悲痛欲绝
have one’s roots in ... 根植于，扎根于……
big/huge fans of ... ……的狂热爱好者
It turns out +that从句. 原来，结果是，证明是…
grow out of … 产生于……
leave sb. deep in thought 使某人陷入沉思
for good measure作为额外增添；另外
be suggestive of … 提示有/使想起/暗示…
have the power to do sth. 有能力/权力做某事
give the public more access to sth. 使公众更多地接触到……
put on a series of free concerts 举办一系列免费音乐会
deserve a mention =deserve to be mentioned 值得一提

重点知识点解析
知识要点1　compose vt. & vi. 作曲；vt. 撰写（信函、讲稿、诗歌等） vt. 组成（不用于进行时）；使镇静
(教材P16) Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. 昨晚，我观看了《梁祝》的演出，这是一首动听的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪、陈钢创作。
【常见搭配】compose a symphony 创作交响乐
compose a speech 写讲稿
be composed of … =be made up of … =consist of … （整体）由…组成
compose oneself =calm oneself down使自己镇定下来
compose one’s thoughts 镇定思绪
如：England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.
=The island of Great Britain is composed of England, Scotland, and Wales.
英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成了大不列颠岛。
Emma wrinkled her brows, making an effort to compose herself. 埃玛皱起了眉头,努力使自己镇定下来。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
composer n. 作曲家
composition n. [U] 成分，构成；作曲，创作；[C]（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
Mozart's compositions(compose) are undoubtedly among the world's greatest.
The committee is composed mainly of lawyers.
知识要点2 deserve vt. 值得，应得，应受（不用于进行时）
(教材P16) It’s a piece that really deserves to be heard. 这部作品真的值得一听。
【用法详解】deserve?doing/to?be?done?值得被……（主语通常为sth.）
deserve?+n./pron.代词 值得……，应得……
deserve?to?do?sth. 应该做某事（主语通常为sb.）?
如：His?children’s?books?are?classics?that?deserve?knowing?much?better/to?be?much?better known.
他的童书都是经典作品，值得为更多人所知晓。
The parents deserve to know the truth. 家长应该知道真相。
注意 deserve有时可用作反语，表示“罪有应得，活该”，常用于“get what sb. deserves”结构。如：
People who are sent to prison for drunk driving get what they deserve.
那些因酒驾而锒铛入狱的人都是罪有应得。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
deserved a. 理所应当的，应得的
deserving a. 值得……的
如：a well-deserved rest 应得的休息
a problem deserving of attention 值得关注的问题
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
He deserved ________(win) the first prize because he had made enough preparations for the contest.
There is no doubt that the man is guilty and that he deserves __________(punish).
【答案】1. to win 2. punishing/punishment/to be punished
知识要点3 overcome (overcame-overcome) vt. 受到……的极大影响（常用被动）；克服（困难），解决，战胜
(教材P16) Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave. 不胜伤悲，她跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。
【用法详解】be overcome by/with ... 被……（某种情绪）控制；受到……的极大影响
overcome the enemy/the difficulties/anxiety 战胜敌人、克服困难/焦虑
如：If you work hard, you will overcome this problem. 如果你努力的话，就会克服这个困难。
Her parents were overcome with great sadness at the funeral. 在葬礼上，她的父母悲痛欲绝。
知识要点4 rely on/rely upon ... =depend on/count on ... 依赖，依靠；信任，信赖
(教材P17) My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs. 我寄宿家庭的一家人都是乡村音乐的狂热爱好者，所以我总依赖他们给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲。
【用法详解】rely on/upon sb./sth.　依靠某人或某物
rely on sb. for sth.　依靠某人提供某物
rely on/upon sb. to do sth. ＝rely on/upon sb. doing sth. 指望/相信某人做某事
rely on/upon it that从句　指望/相信某人做某事
如：You shouldn’t always rely just on the Internet for your research. 你不能总是依靠网络进行研究。
I can rely on David to keep my secret. 我信任大卫，他一定会为我保密。
You can rely on it that I can finish the work on time. 你相信我好了，我会及时完成工作的。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
（1）reliable a. 可信赖的；可靠的（=dependable）
如：a reliable friend
reliance n. 依赖
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
We should rely on ourselves rather than others ________ what we need.
You may rely on/upon ________ that the lecture hall built last year can admit 1,000 people at a time.
3. Our information comes from a ________(rely) source.
【答案】1. for 2. it 3. reliable
知识要点5 surroundings =environment n. 周围，环境
(教材P17) The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings ... 简单的曲调和唯美自然风光很容易使人联想到乡村环境……
如：live in pleasant surroundings 生活在令人愉快的环境中
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 一开始，新环境让我难以忍受。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
（1）surrounding adj. [定] 周围的，附近的；与……有关的
如：the surrounding area(s) 周边地区
the surrounding scenery四周的风景
the evidence surrounding the case 与案子有关的证据
（2）surround vt. 围绕，包围
常见搭配 be surrounded with/by … 被……包围　
如：Armed police surrounded a house in the street. 武装警察包围了街上的一栋房子。
To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
对有些人来说，幸福就是一直有家人和朋友陪伴在身边。
知识要点6 guarantee vt. 保证，担保 n. [C] 保证，保证书，起保证作用的事物
(教材P17) I guarantee you’ll enjoy it. 我保证你会喜欢它的!
【用法详解】guarantee sb. sth. 向某人保证某事
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee that ... 保证……
under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb. a guarantee that ...同位语从句 向某人担保/保证……
a guarantee of ... ……的保障/保证
如：He will guarantee us possession of the house by May. 他保证我们在五月可搬入这间房子。
The radio is guaranteed for twelve months.　这台收音机保修期12个月。
I guarantee/promise that you'll enjoy yourself. 我包你玩得痛快。
【即时巩固】翻译句子
我们保证克服困难，按时完成任务。
①___________________________________________________________________________
②___________________________________________________________________________
③___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】We guarantee to overcome the difficulty and finish the task on time.
We guarantee that we will overcome the difficulty and finish the task on time.
We give a guarantee that we will overcome the difficulty and finish the task on time.
知识要点7 adaptation n. [C] 改编本，改写本；[U] 适应
(教材P19) The musical piece, an adaptation of Xian Xinghai’s Yellow river Cantata, tells how the Chinese people, led by the Communist Party of China, fought to overcome the Japanese invaders. 这部音乐作品，改编自冼星海的《黄河大合唱》，讲述中国人民是如何在中国共产党的带领下努力打败日本侵略者的。
【用法详解】adaptation to ... 对……的适应
如：a screen adaptation of Shakespeare’s “Macbeth” 莎士比亚悲剧《麦克佩斯》的电影改写本
the adaptation of desert species to the hot conditions 沙漠物种对炎热环境的适应
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
adapt vt. 改编，改写 vt./vi.（使）适应（新情况）
常见搭配 adapt A for B 把A改编成B
adapt A from B 把B改编成A →[被动] be adapted from ... 由......改编而来
adapt (oneself) to ... （使自己）适应……
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings(surround).
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
知识要点8和9 consist of, defend
(教材P19) It consists of four movements: “The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”, “Ode to the Yellow River”, “The Yellow River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”. 它由四个乐章组成：《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》《黄河愤》《保卫黄河》。
【用法详解】(1)consist of ... =be made up of ... =be composed of ... （整体）由……组成/构成
如：Rock music consists of many different styles.
注意 不用于被动语态或进行时态，但可以用consisting of作后置定语。如：
It’s a simple dish to prepare, consisting of rice and vegetables.
归纳拓展 相关短语：
①consist in ... =lie in ... 存在于；在于
如：The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。
True education does not consist in simply being taught facts.
真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。
②be consistent with ... 和……一致；相符合
如：The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。
【用法详解】(2)defend vt. & vi. 保卫，防御；vt. 辩解，辩白，为……辩护
常见搭配 defend ... against/from ... 保护/保卫……免受……之害（=protect ... from ...）
defend against/from ... 抵御……
defend oneself 自卫
defend sb./sth. 为某人/某事辩解
如：Troops have been sent to defend the borders. 已派出部队去守卫边疆。
It is impossible to defend against an all-out attack. 防御全面进攻是不可能的。
When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick. 那条狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。
归纳拓展 词性转换
①defensive adj. 防御的
②defender n. 保卫者，卫士；辩护者
③defence/defense n. 防御（物）；保卫；辩解
常见搭配 in defence of ... 为了保卫……
come to one’s defence 为某人辩护
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
___________(consist) of two campuses, this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4, 000 students and teachers.
True wealth does not consist ______ what we have but what we are.
Our actions must be __________(consist) with words.
Politicians are skilled at defending themselves _______ their critics. 从政者都善于为自己辩解，反驳别人的批评。
I have to say in her ___(defend) that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
【答案】1. Consisting 2. in 3. with 4. against 5. defence
(教材P16) When the two lover, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience. 当梁山伯与祝英台这一对恋人初次相见时，音乐轻柔愉悦，像是对观众呢喃私语。
【句式剖析】此句中，开头为when引导的时间状语从句，“the music is light and pleasant”为主句；as if部分为as if引导的方式状语从句的省略形式，as if后省略了it is。
【考点提炼】状语从句的省略
连 词
由when, while, as, before, after, until/till, once等引导的时间状语从句
由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句
由although, though, even if/though等引导的让步状语从句
由as, as if/though等引导的方式状语从句
由as, than等引导的比较状语从句
在以上连词引导的状语从句中，如果：
①主从句的主语相同或从句主语为it，且②从句的谓语动词为be动词时，
则从句部分省去“主语 + be动词”，只留“连词 + 表语”的结构。即有：
连 词
+ adj./adv.
+ n.
+ doing/done/to do [非谓语]
+ 介词短语
如：If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 　　
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping. 　（连词+形容词）
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.　　（连词+名词）
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.（连词+现在分词）
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.（连词+过去分词）
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.（连词+不定式）
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 　　（连词+介词短语）
注意 当从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分要么使用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构来表达。如：
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
When _________(complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
He won't go there with us unless _________(invite).
The concert was a great success than _________(expect).
She looked anxious as though _____ trouble. 她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻烦。
【答案】1. completed 2. invited 3. expected 4. in

Ⅰ. 词汇练习
（一）单词拼写
1. He w_______________ to her so that no one else could hear what he said.
2. A small gesture can have a d_______________ impact on others less fortunate.
3. At the funeral, everyone was w______________ with sadness over the young boy’s death.
4. To his great s_______________, his grandfather died in a car accident yesterday.
5. Faced so confusing situation, the young boy hardly c______________ his thoughts.
6. If you are in trouble, you can always _______________(依靠) on Bob to help you out.
7. He had a _____________(和蔼的，和善的) manner and was a gifted public speaker.
8. I have to say in her _____________(辩护) that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
9. I think the team from our city played well and _______________(应得) the victory.
10. The salesman ______________(保证) that the TV would not break in the first 5 years with normal use.
【答案】1. whispered 2. dramatic 3. weeping 4. sorrow 5. composed 6. rely/depend/count
7. pleasant 8. defence 9. deserved 10. guaranteed
（二）单句语法填空
1. His latest book, I think, deserves _______________(read) several times.
2. _____________(pleasant) things were whispered about Joe Biden’s election victory.
3. Mum whispered ___________ us, “Be quiet! Your little sister’s sleeping.”
4. Events could have developed in a ____________(dramatic) different way.
5. The couple _____________(weep) at the bad news that their hero son died in the battle.
6. Eleven people were killed in the highway accident, which was a _____________(sorrow) event.
7. John is very ____________(rely) -- if he promises to do something he’ll do it.
8. The manager firmly believes _____________(transform) is not only a choice, but also a strategy.
9. _______________(overcome) by curiosity, the boy looked out of the window.
10. To be successful in living abroad, you must learn to change yourself to fit in your new ___________(surround).
【答案】1. reading/to be read 2. Unpleasant 3. to 4. dramatically 5. wept 6. sorrowful 7. reliable
8. transformation 9. Overcome 10. surroundings
II. 根据汉语提示将句子补充完整
1. 在所有我们应该感激的人当中，我们的父母是最值得我们感激（appreciation）的人。
Among all the people we should appreciate，our parents are the ones who ____________________________________.
2. 你可以相信，这个作曲家一定会及时出现的。他一直是一个守时的人。
You can _________________ the composer will appear in time. He is always a punctual man.
面对这些困难，许多学生发现自己不能全心全意地学习。
_______________________________，many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their study.
他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。
It took him a while ______________________ the new surroundings.
【答案】1. deserve our appreciation most 2. rely on it that 3. Faced with these difficulties
4. to adapt himself to
III. 完形填空
One morning in September 2015, Shirley Curry woke up to a surprise. Her email inbox had been 31 with 11, 000 emails from strangers 32 on her first Skyrim video. For the then 79-year-old Shirley, the sudden wave of 33 was overwhelming（压倒性的）,"I hadn't even thought of anything like that happening so I didn't know what to do.”
So Shirley did the only thing that seemed 34 to her: She began opening each email, one after another, and writing back. 35 , Shirley’s dread（恐惧） turned to joy. “When I realized the kind of comments I was getting, it got really 36 . Some of them were really touching, and I started getting attached to these people. They were all so 37 .”
That Skyrim video was her first 38 into the pantheon（万神殿） of YouTube celebrities. The formula（公 式） for becoming a popular YouTube gamer is about as 39 as the meaning of life. 40 Shirley is just Shirley，a twice-widowed mother of four and grandmother of nine who lives in Virginia.
“I have my own picture on there and I talk about my age, 41 I wanted my viewers to know me and I wanted to know them. I'm not going to hide behind some cartoonish-looking avatar（化身） and never mention the 42 that I'm an older woman."
Shirley's 43 on YouTube isn't because she's a skilled gamer or has witty commentary. It's because she's sympathetic and accepting. She creates a 44 space where no matter who you are, you are still her sweet 45 .
"I'm Grandma to all of them,” she says matter-of-factly. “That's the young ones, to those in their 30s and 40s, and even the 46 ones -- all of them call me Grandma. You can't help but 47 about them. There are children who make comments in such a（n） 48 way that makes me feel like they don’t have anyone. And then I get people who say that they are 49 or told that they can't do this or that, and I inspire them to go 50 and do whatever they want to do.”
31. A. covered B. blocked C. flooded D. greeted
32. A. debating B. commenting C. disagreeing D. relying
33. A. terror B. opposition C. support D. attention
34. A. natural B. hopeful C. valuable D. regular
35. A. Originally B. Basically C. Regularly D. Slowly
36. A. absurd B. fun C. tough D. awkward
37. A. similar B. sweet C. strange D. ordinary
38. A. study B. escape C. step D. transformation
39. A. mysterious B. simple C. instructive D. useful
40. A. And B. Then C. So D. But
41. A. once B. though C. because D. if
42. A. fact B. risk C. promise D. choice
43. A. focus B. trust C. failure D. success
44. A. dark B. empty C. physical D. warm
45. A. colleague B. assistant C. grandkid D. relative
46. A. closer B. older C. poorer D. richer
47. A. talk B. pity C. care D. read
48. A. sad B. effective C. proper D. positive
49. A. brought up B. put down C. carried away D. piled up
50. A .about B. across C. around D. ahead
【答案】31-35BBDAD 36-40 BBCAD 41-45 CADDC 46-50 BCABD
IV. 七选五
Managing your time is a lot like managing your money. 36 ?With 24 hours a day multiplied by seven days a week, your weekly time budget is 168 hours per week.
Step No. 1: 37
Estimate(估计) the amount of time per week you spend on each activity, such as class time, athletics fitness, socializing with friends and other hobby time and so on.
Step No. 2: Assess your use of time.
a) Add together the total time you will use per week.
b) Now subtract(减去) the total time from 168 hours.
If the number you get is negative, you have used more time than there is in a week. You should cut back in certain areas.
If you have time left over, ask yourself what choices can be made. ?38 ?Volunteering? Friends? If your time used equals 168, great! Now take a look at any hours you may be spending in some areas that you want to start using in other ways.
Step No. 3: Determine a goal and plan of action for better time use.
What would you most like to do to better manage your time? You should consider using a calendar or planner(备忘记事本). ?? 39
Some tips: Color-code your calendar or planner by the activities listed above, and once you make a schedule, do your best to stick with it.
Step No. 4: ? 40
You'll want to take a look at this again at the start of each term, if you get a job, or if you notice any changes in your physical or emotional condition.
Besides, it is advisable to make a long-term goal in the first year and work towards it in the very beginning.
You are in trouble.
This is a good start.
Repeat, when necessary.
D. Do you have time for more sleep?
E. Figure out how you use your time each week.
F. Once you spend it, it's gone, so you have to make it all count.
G. It can help you keep track of time, projects, tasks and be more efficient.
【答案】FEDGC

单元单词默写
____________ adj. 奥地利的，奥地利人的
____________ n. 作曲家，作曲者
____________ n. 交响乐，交响曲
____________ n. 协奏曲
____________ adj. 波兰的，波兰人的，波兰语的
____________ vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静
____________ vt. 值得，应得
____________ 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开
____________ adj. 令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的
____________ vi. & vt. 耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响
n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言
___________ adj. 激动人心的，引人瞩目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的
____________ vi. & vt. 哭泣，流泪
____________ vt. 受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜
____________ n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事
____________ n. 坟墓；死去，死亡 adj. 严重的；严肃的
____________ vi. & vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化
____________ adv. 永远；长久地；老是
____________ vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合；(使)混合；兼做；合并
____________ 依赖，依靠；信任
____________ n. 布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤
____________ adj. 民间的，民俗的 n. 民间音乐；人们；各位；家人
____________ n. 曲调，曲子 vt. 调音；调频道；调整
____________ n. 歌词；抒情诗 adj. 抒情的；吟唱的
____________ 奉送，额外赠送
____________ 作为额外添加
____________ adj. 乡村的，农村的
____________ n. 周围，环境
____________ n. 极乐之地
____________ n. 微风，和风
____________ vt. 保证,担保；确保；为（产品）提供保修
n. 保证，担保；保修单
____________ n. 爵士乐
____________ n. 拱门；拱
____________ n. 改编本，改写本；适应
____________ adj. 共产主义的 n. 共产主义者
____________ n. 武装入侵的军队（或国家），侵略者
____________ 由……组成（或构成）
____________ vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解
____________ n. 独奏，独唱 adj. 独自的；独唱的，独奏的
Austrian
composer
symphony
concerto
Polish
compose
deserve
tear apart
pleasant
whisper
dramatic
weep
overcome
sorrow
grave
transform
forever
combine
rely on
blues
folk
tune
lyric
throw in
for good measure
rural
surroundings
heaven
breeze
guarantee
jazz
arch
adaptation
communist
invader
consist of
defend
sole