Unit
9
Lesson
3
1．arrangement
n．[C,
usually
pl.]安排；[C,U]排列；约定→arrange
vi．&
vt．安排，筹备；整理，布置
2．emotional
adj．情感上的；情绪上的→emotion
n．[U,C]情感→emotionally
adv．感情上;
情绪上;
令人激动地;
情绪冲动地
3．excitement
n．[U]兴奋，激动；[C]令人激动（或兴奋）的事→excite
vt．使兴奋；激发→excited
adj．兴奋的，激动的→exciting
adj．令人激动的，使人兴奋的
4．photographic
adj．详细准确的；照片的；摄影的→photograph
n．[C]
照片
5．digit
n．[C]（0-9的任何一个）数字→digital
adj．数码的；数字式的
6．sharp
adj．急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的；adv．（时间）整点→sharply
adv．猛烈地；急剧地；明显地→sharpen
vi．&
vt．（使）变得锋利→sharpener
n．[C]
磨具，削具
7．digit
n．[C]（0-9的任何一个）数字→digital
adj．数码的；数字式的
8．timely
adj．适时的，及时的→time
n．[U]时间；[C]时刻；次数；倍数
9．memorisation
n．[U]记忆→memorise
vt．记住
10．periodically
adv．定期地→periodical
adj．定期的
n．(学术)期刊
文化知识：人物小传
1.
Daniel
Tammet丹尼尔·塔梅，英国人，有超常的运算能力和记忆力。可以背到圆周率小数点后22514位。
2.
Stephen
Wiltshire斯蒂芬·威尔夏，英国人，拥有惊人的记忆和绘画天赋，有“人肉照相机”之称。
3.
Hermann
Ebbinghaus赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯(1850-1909)，德国心理学家。艾宾浩斯一生致力于有关记忆的实验心理学研究，在1885年出版了《关于记忆》一书，提出了著名的“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”。
短语过关
1．很久以前long
ago
3．结果as
a
result
3．牢记某事
fix
sth.
in
one’s
memory/mind
4．例如
for
example
5．第一次for
the
first
time
6．根据
according
to
7．在…岁的时候…
at
the
age
of...
8．达到
up
to
9．把……联系起来
connect...to...
10．别紧张；放松点take
it
easy
11．就……而言；在……方面
in
terms
of
12．充分利用
make
good
use
of
13．专注于
focus
on
14．对……感到好奇be
curious
about
15．热情地，狂热地
with
enthusiasm
16．趋向于做……
tend
to
do...
重点单词与短语精析
★课标词
▲高频词
★1.
arrangement
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)n．[C]安排，筹备。通常用复数形式。
make
arrangements(for)...
(为……)做安排
?I’ll
make
arrangements
for
you
to
be
met
at
the
airport.我会安排人到机场接你。
(2)n．[C]布置，安排方式。常用复数形式。
?The
arrangements
of
the
furniture
in
our
new
house
took
a
long
time.我们新房里的家具布置花了很长时间。
(3)相关词语积累：
arrange
vi．&vt．安排，筹备；整理，布置
arrange
for
sth.
安排某物
arrange
to
do
sth.
安排做某事
arrange
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
安排某人做某事
?It’s
not
necessary
for
parents
to
arrange
everything
for
their
children.父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。
?The
company
will
arrange
for
a
taxi
to
collect
us
from
the
airport.公司将安排一辆出租车到机场接我们。
?I’ve
arranged
to
see
her
tonight.我已安排今晚同她见面。
?He’ll
arrange
for
someone
to
show
you
round.他将安排人带你转转。
【练习】1.语法填空
①(2020·山东新泰期中)
Whatever
she
says
will
not
make
any
difference
to
our
arrangements
.(arrange)
②My
schedule
is
quite
flexible,
so
I
could
arrange
to
meet
(meet)
you
any
day
next
week.
When
you’re
free,
just
call
me.
③The
manager
will
arrange
for
you
to
visit
the
big
company
next
week.
2.完成句子
他们已经为下周五晚上举行的晚会做好了所有准备。
They
have
make
all
the
arrangements
for
the
party
to
be
held
next
Friday
evening.
[高频短语]2.
as
a
result
【用法归纳与拓展】
as
a
result意为“因此，结果”，常位于句首，且常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
?He
made
one
big
mistake.
As
a
result,
he
lost
his
job.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
result构成的其他短语：
as
a
result
of
作为……的结果，因为(后接原因)
result
from
因……发生，随……产生(后接原因)
result
in=
cause/
lead
to/
bring
about
造成，导致(后接结果)
?He
was
late
as
a
result
of
the
snow.
由于下雪，他迟到了。
?We’re
still
dealing
with
the
problems
resulting
from
errors
made
in
the
past.
我们仍在处理因过去的失误而产生的问题。
?The
car
accident
resulted
in
his
death.
这场车祸导致了他的死亡。
【练习】1.语法填空
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解改编)As
a
result,
she
says,
some
of
the
injuries
associated
with
running,
such
as
runner’s
knee,
are
uncommon
among
race
walkers.
[一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见]
②Too
much
stress
can
result
in
anger,
depression
and
other
related
problems,
which
we
need
to
take
seriously.
③As
a
result
of
bad
management,
the
company
was
closed.
2.一句多译(result)
①据说缺乏信心导致他面试失败了。
It
was
said
that
lack
of
confidence
resulted
in
his
failure
in
the
interview.
It
was
said
that
his
failure
in
the
interview
resulted
from
lack
of
confidence.
②由于购物太多，珍妮差点儿误了班机。
Jenny
nearly
missed
the
flight
as
a
result
of
doing
too
much
shopping.
Jenny
did
too
much
shopping.
As
a
result
,
she
nearly
missed
the
flight.
[高频短语]3.
up
to
【用法归纳】
(1)表示“达到(某数量、程度等)，至多有”
?Up
to
ten
people
can
sleep
in
this
tent.
这个帐篷至多能睡十个人。
?Our
football
team
played
up
to
its
best
in
the
last
match.我们的足球队在上一次的比赛中发挥了最佳水平。
(2)表示“直到，不迟于”，相当于
up
till
up
to
now直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)
up
to
then直到那时(常与过去完成时连用)
?The
No.5
bus
runs
up
to
9
o’clock
in
the
evening.
5路公共汽车运行到晚上九点。
?Up
to
now,
the
writer
has
written
six
stories,
three
of
which
are
about
country
life.
到前为止，这位作家写了六个故事，其中有三个是关于乡村生活的。
(3)表示“(体力或智力上)能胜任”。
?Michael
is
not
really
up
to
the
job.
迈克尔不太能胜任那份工作。
?My
German
isn’t
up
to
translating
that
letter.
我的德语还不行，翻译不了那封信。
(4)表示“由……决定；是……的职责(或责任)”。
It’s
up
to
sb.
to
do
sth.
由某人决定做某事/某人有义务做某事。
It’s
up
to
sb.
+
whether...
是否……由某人决定。
It’s
up
to
you.
(交际用语)由你决定。
?It’s
up
to
you
to
lead
what
kind
of
life
in
the
future.将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。
?—Shall
we
go
out
for
dinner
or
eat
at
home?
我们是出去吃饭还是在家吃呢?
—It’s
up
to
you.由你决定。
(5)表示“从事着(尤指坏事)，在捣鬼”。用于非正式文体中。
?The
children
are
very
quiet;
I
wonder
what
they
are
up
to
there!孩子们很安静，我想知道他们在那儿捣什么鬼!
【练习】1.判断下列句子中up
to的含义
①It’s
up
to
you
whether
we
accept
the
present
or
not.
由……决定
②(2020·山东阅读理解改编)
Judges
will
choose
up
to
50
honorable
mention
winners,
who
will
each
receive
a
T-shirt
in
memory
of
Earhart’s
final
flight.
达到(某数量、程度等),至多有
③He’s
up
to
the
role
of
Othello
in
the
play.
(体力或智力上)能胜任
[
他将在剧中扮演奥赛罗。]
④Up
to
now,
he
has
visited
five
European
countries,
including
the
UK
and
France.
直到
2.语法填空
①Up
to
now
no
conclusion
has
been
reached
(reach)
about
who
the
first
prize
should
go
to.
②It
is
up
to
you
to
find
(find)
out
what
your
goals
really
are.
③He,
up
to
then,
had
have
(have)
a
good
subject
to
write
about.
▲★4.
connect
vt.
&
vi.
(使)连接；vt.
接通；把……联系起来；与……有联系(或关联)
【用法归纳】
connect...to...
把……和……接通/相连
connect...with...
把……与……联系起来
be
connected
with与……有关系；与……相关
?You
can
connect
the
speakers
to
your
CD
player.你可以将这些扬声器与你的激光唱机连接起来。
?Have
you
ever
had
any
skin
problems
that
are
connected
with
exposure
to
the
sun?
你曾出现过与日晒有关的皮肤问题吗？
?He
is
connected
with
the
Smiths
by
marriage.他与史密斯家有姻亲关系。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
connection
n.[C]联系，关联；[U,C]连接，接通
have
a/no
connection
with...
和……有/无联系
in
connection
with
sb./sth.
与某人/某物有关
【练习】语法填空
①(2020·河北保定期中)
There
is
no
evidence
to
connect
(connect)
them
with
the
attack.没有证据表明他们与这次袭击有关
②Experts
say
turning
to
the
right
when
people
walk
into
a
shop
is
connected
with
most
people’s
preference
for
using
their
right
hand.
句意[专家说，当人们走进商店时向右转与大多数人对食物的偏好有关用右手。]
③(2019·全国I卷阅读理解七选五改编)
Recently,
people
have
begun
studying
the
connection
(connect)
between
the
natural
world
and
healing(治愈).
句意[最近，人们开始研究自然界与治疗之间的联系。]
▲★5.
doubt
What
are
your
doubts?你有什么疑惑？（教材P60）
【用法归纳】
(1)n.
[U,C]疑惑，疑问，不确定
There
is
no
doubt
that...
毫无疑问……
There
is
some
doubt
about/whether...
不确定……（whether不可用if替换）
without
doubt/beyond
doubt
毫无疑问，的确
?There
is
no
doubt
that
their
football
team
will
win
the
match.
毫无疑问他们的足球队将会赢得这场比赛。
?There
is
some
doubt
about
the
best
way
to
do
it.
有点拿不准做这件事的最佳办法。
?The
event,
without
doubt,
is
one
of
the
most
important
things
in
our
school.这件事无疑是我们学校最重要的事情之一。
(2)vt.
无把握，不能肯定，认为……未必可能；怀疑，不信任
doubt
+
that从句
怀疑……，不确信……（常用于否定句、疑问句中）
doubt
+
whether/if
从句
不敢肯定……（常用语肯定句中）
?I
don’t
doubt
that
he
can
finish
the
task
on
time.
我相信他能按时完成任务。
?You
can
complain,
but
I
doubt
if
it’ll
make
any
difference
.
你可以投诉，但是我看未必有用。
【练习】1.语法填空
①Although
most
of
them
have
no
doubt
that
he
will
pass
the
exam,
I
still
wonder
if/whether
he
has
really
got
everything
ready.
②People
doubt
whether/if
the
rising
house
prices
will
be
under
control.
③（2020·江苏镇江开学考）There
is
no
doubt
that
China
is
a
great
country
with
a
long
history
and
rich
culture
in
the
world.
2.单句写作
①我怀疑他们两天内是否能完成这项艰巨的任务。
I
doubt
whether/if
they
can
finish
the
hard
task
in
two
days.
②毋庸置疑，在新的一年里我们会有一个好的开端。
There
is
no
doubt
that
we’ll
have
a
good
beginning
in
the
new
year.
▲★6.
tend
When
we
do
things
with
enthusiasm,we
tend
to
remember
them
well.
当我们热情地做事情时，往往会牢记这些事情。（教材P60）
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)vi.
&
vt.
往往会；趋向，趋于
tend
to
do
sth.
常常会做某事，往往会做某事
tend
to/towards...
趋向……，趋于……
?We
tend
to
blame
TV,
he
says,
for
problems
it
doesn’t
really
cause,
overlooking
our
own
roles
in
shaping
children’s
minds.他说，我们往往因为其实并不是电视引起的问题而归咎于电视，却忽略了我们自己在塑造孩子思维方面的影响。（广东高考）
?His
views
tend
towards
the
extreme.他的观点趋于极端。
(2)相关词语积累：
tendency
n.[C]趋向；倾向
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.有做某事的倾向
?I
have
a
tendency
to
talk
too
much
when
I’m
nervous.
我紧张时总爱唠叨。
【练习】1.语法填空
①There
is
a
widespread(普遍的)
tendency
(tend)
that
more
and
more
young
people
choose
online
shopping
rather
than
go
to
real
stores
to
buy
what
they
like.
②(浙江高考单项填空改编)
We
tend
to
have
(have)
a
better
memory
for
things
that
excite
our
senses
or
appeal
to
(吸引)
our
emotions
than
for
straight
facts.句意：我们往往更容易记住那些刺激我们的感官、吸引我们的情感的东西，而非纯粹的事实。
③Some
people
have
a
natural
tendency
to
compare
(compare)themselves
with
others
with
the
hope
of
getting
satisfaction.
④The
sort
of
music
I
listen
to
varies,
but
it
tends
to/towards
light
music.
语法
主谓一致
主谓一致是指句子的谓语必须与其主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。
【挖教材·语法示例】
用括号内词的适当形式完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征
1.
Asking
questions
is
(be)
the
easiest
way
to
promote
active
learning.
2.
One
of
the
best
ways
to
promote
active
learning
is
(be)
to
ask
questions.
3.
Also,
interesting
or
funny
stories
from
our
childhood
are
(be)
often
told
again
and
again.
4.
As
a
result,
we
remember
them
much
better,
as
retelling
events
helps
(help)fix
experiences
in
our
memories.
5.
Yet,
there
are
(be)
some
people
who
do
have
amazing
memories.
6.
They
are
(be)
both
good
at
remembering
particular
things
for
a
limited
time.
7.
According
to
him,
the
sharpest
loss
of
memory
occurs
(occur)during
the
very
early
period
after
learning.
【考点1】语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
1.不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
?Every
part
is
to
be
carefully
checked
before
they
are
put
together.
组装之前，每一个部件都要仔细检查。
?A
big
part
of
the
corn
is
used
to
feed
chickens,
pigs
and
cattle
in
that
country.
在那个国家，一大部分玉米被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。
?These
toys
are
designed
for
children
under
three
years
old.
这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的
2.复合不定代词anyone,
anything,
someone,
somebody,
something,
everyone,
everybody,
everything,
nobody,
nothing及不定代词either,
each等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?Everyone
is
ready
for
the
sports
meeting.每个人都为运动会做好准备了。
?Two
boys
entered.
Each
was
carrying
a
suitcase.进来两个男孩。每人提着一个手提箱。
3.单个的动词不定式(短语)、v-ing(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
?Listening
to
music
makes
me
relaxed
after
a
busy
day.听音乐使我在忙碌了一天之后得到放松。
?When
they
can
finish
the
task
is
not
known
yet.他们何时能完成这项任务还未知。
4.
由
as
well
as,
along
with,
together
with,
with,
rather
than,
but,
except,
besides,
in
addition
to,
like,
including等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与(短语)介词前面的主语保持一致。
?The
teacher
as
well
as
the
students
likes
the
painting.老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。
?Tom,
along
with
his
friends,
goes
skating
every
Saturday.
每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。
5.“many
a(n)(许多)/
more
than
one(不止一个)+可数名词单数”作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
?Many
a
parent
has
had
to
go
through
this
painful
process.
很多父母都不得不经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
?
More
than
one
person
is
against
the
proposal.不止一个人反对这个提议。
6.
用and连接的并列主语被each,
every或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?In
our
country
every
boy
and
every
girl
has
the
right
to
receive
education.
在我国,男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。
7.“one
and
a
half+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
?One
and
a
half
apples
were
left
on
the
table.一个半苹果剩在了桌子上。
8.一些形式为复数但表达单数意义的名词如
trousers,
shoes,
glasses,
scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但当这类名词前有量词pair时，谓语动词的数由pair的数决定。
?Her
glasses
are
new.
她的眼镜是新的。
?This
pair
of
scissors
is
made
in
Hangzhou.
这把剪刀是在杭州制造的。
9.“one
of+可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而“the(only)
one
of+可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。
?He
is
one
of
the
students
who
have
been
to
Shanghai.他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。
?He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
has
been
to
Shanghai.
他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。
10.在“It+is/was+被强调部分+
that/
who...”结构中，如被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语动词与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。
?It
is
they
who
have
worked
there
for
five
years.是他们在那里工作了五年。
【考点2】意义一致原则
这一原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式来确定，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。
意义一致原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
1.and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。
?The
owner
and
the
editor-in-chief
of
the
newspaper
are
to
attend
the
conference.
这家报纸的老板和主编将参加这次会议。
?The
knife
and
fork
is
on
the
desk.这套刀又在桌子上。
?The
teacher
and
writer
is
going
to
give
us
a
talk.那位老师兼作家将要给我们做一次演讲。
2.all,
none,
some,
any等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。
?All
are
here
and
all
is
ready.
所有的人都到了，一切就绪。
?All
who
have
studied
this
question
have
come
to
the
same
conclusion.所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。
?None
have
arrived
yet.
还无人到来。
?None
is
more
qualified
for
the
task
than
him.
没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。
3.“all/most/ha/
the
rest
of+名词/代词”或“分数/百分数+名词/代词”作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
?The
rest
of
the
buildings
were
easy
to
get
to
and
the
rest
of
his
time
was
spent
in
enjoying
the
beautiful
scenes.
其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。
?He
got
back
home,
finding
that
some
of
the
honey
was
spilled
on
the
floor.他回到家，发现一些蜂蜜酒落在地上。
4.
表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待，谓语动词常用单数形式，但为了强调数量之多，也可用复数形式。
?Twenty
kilometers
is
quite
a
long
distance.
20千米是相当长的一段距离。
?Fifty
dollars
was
a
large
sum
for
me
at
that
time.
那时50美元对我来说是一大笔钱。
5.
集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
(1)有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如
cattle,
people,
police等。
?How
many
people
were
at
the
meeting?有多少人参加了会议?
?The
cattle
are
grazing
at
the
foot
of
the
hill.
牛群正在山脚下吃草。
(2)有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强
调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如family,
class,
audience,
team,
group,
band,
committee(委员会)等
①强调整体，谓语动词用单数：
?There
was
a
big
audience
at
the
evening
party.晚会上观众很多。
?Class
One
suggests
a
second
visit
to
the
Great
Wall.
一班提议再游览一次长城。
?The
football
team
is
being
reorganized.
这支足球队正在重组。
②强调成员，谓语动词用复数：
?The
audience
were
all
deeply
impressed
by
the
plot.
故事情节给观众留下了极为深刻的印象。
?Class
One
are
all
out
on
the
playground
to
cheer
for
the
athletes.一班的同学都到操场上为运动员加油去了。
?The
committee
agree
to
discuss
the
proposal
at
the
next
meeting.委员们同意在下次会议中讨论该提议。
(3)有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如clothing,
equipment,
furniture,
jewellery,
poetry
等。
?The
furniture
in
this
room
has
been
made
to
order.这个房间的家具是定做的。
?All
their
clothing
is
bright
and
attractive.
他们所有的衣服都颜色鲜艳，引人注目。
?Most
of
their
equipment
has
been
shipped
ahead
of
schedule.
他们的大部分设备已提前运走了。
6.“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the+形容词”表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?The
wounded
were
saved
by
the
villagers
at
last.
最后，村民救了伤员。
?The
beautiful
is
not
always
useful.
好看的并不总是有用的。
7.
a
number
of...
作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the
number
of...
作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?A
number
of
trees
are
cut
down.
许多树被砍倒了。
?The
number
of
students
in
our
class
is
32.
我们班的学生人数是32。
8.以-s结尾的表示学科名称(如physics,
politics)，国名(如the
United
States)，报纸书籍名称(如
The
New
York
Times,
Great
Expectations)等的词语等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
?The
New
York
Times
is
one
of
the
most
influential
newspapers
in
the
world.
《纽约时报》是世界上最具影响力的报纸之一。
?Great
Expectations
was
written
by
Charles
Dickens.《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯所著。
9.以-s结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
?The
Rocky
Mountains
stand
in
the
west
of
North
America.
落基山脉坐落在北美洲西部。
【考点3】就近原则
这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。
该原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
l.
either...or...，...or...，neither...nor...，not
only...
but
also...，not...but...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称
和数由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。
?Are
you
or
he
good
at
English?是你还是他擅长英语?
?Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
wants
to
go
climbing.
不仅学生想去爬山，老师也想。
2.
there
be句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
?There
is
a
pen,
two
books
and
many
pencils
on
the
desk.
桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。
?There
are
two
books,
a
pen
and
many
pencils
on
the
desk.
桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。
巩固练习
A
基础练｜
知识巩固
｜
建议时间：15
mins
一、单词拼写（用本部分所学单词）
1.
Judging
from
her
face,
she
must
have
news
of
great
excitement
to
tell
us.
2.
After
the
doctors’
timely
treatment,
Mary
began
to
pick
up
and
would
go
back
to
school
soon.
3.
The
year
2019
saw
a
sharp
increase
in
the
number
of
people
who
went
climbing
and
camping.
4.
If
you
are
finding
it
hard
to
fall
asleep,
try
a
relaxation
technique
——deep
breathing,
which
can
be
done
without
even
getting
out
of
bed.
5.
As
far
as
I
know,
everyone
is
happy
about
this
new
arrangement
(安排)
of
things.
6.
It’s
when
those
negative
moments
control
your
life
that
your
emotional
(情感的)balance
is
at
risk.
7.
He
had
a
photographic
(摄影的)
memory
for
maps.
8.
Periodically
(定期地)
some
of
the
trash
was
burned
and
the
rest
was
buried.
9.(2020·天津市耀华中学模拟)
Thanks
to
advances
in
technology,
how
we
make
friends
and
communicate
with
them
has
changed
significantly
(明显地).
10.
The
students
of
Class
3
had
a
discussion
about
whether
it
is
necessary
to
start
learning
English
from
childhood
（童年时期）.
二、语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.
It
is
your
considerate
arrangements
(arrange)
that
make
it
convenient
and
comfortable
for
me
to
live,
study
and
travel
in
the
UK.
2.
The
only
reason
was
that
the
theory
he
stuck
to
(was)
proved
(prove)
wrong.句意[唯一的原因是他坚持的理论被证明是错误的]
3.
The
traffic
accidents
have
decreased
sharply
(sharp)
as
a
result
of
the
recent
ban
on
drunk
driving.[交通事故急剧减少]
4.
And
there
was
a
strange
thing
connected
(connect)
with
it;
it
then
became
a
symbol
of
honor
and
authority(权威).
5.
There
is
no
doubt
that
people
with
high
EQ
adapt
to
a
new
environment
more
easily.
6.
There
is
a
growing
tendency
(tend)
for
people
to
work
at
home
instead
of
in
offices.
7.(2020·广东深圳期末)
As
a
result
of
Yuan
Longping’s
discoveries,
China’s
rice
production
rose
greatly
in
the
1990s.
三、用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项)
tend
to，
in
terms
of
，because
of
，take
it
easy，as
a
result，arrange
for，deal
with
1.
In
general,
the
airfare(机票)
tends
to
go
down
in
the
autumn
and
rise
again
at
the
Spring
Festival.
2.
(2020·黑龙江哈三中期中)It’s
a
mistake
to
think
of
Harbin
only
in
terms
of
its
ice-snow
tourism.
3.
All
you
can
do
is
do
your
best
each
day,
hope
for
the
best,
and
when
something
does
happen,
take
it
easy
.
4.
People
have
better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to,
and
they’re
living
longer
as
a
result
.
5.
It’s
strongly
suggested
that
we
arrange
for
a
car
to
pick
up
the
speaker
for
the
school
art
festival.
B
语法练｜
专项突破
｜
建议时间：10
mins
一、用括号内词的适当形式填空
1.
Lots
of
medicine
as
well
as
equipment
such
as
tents
has
been
offered
(offer)
to
the
area
since
the
earthquake
occurred.
2.
East
of
our
city
stands
(stand)
a
world-famous
tower
dating
from
Tang
Dynasty.
3.
He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
has
been
(be)
a
winner
of
scholarship
for
three
years.
4.The
first
question
was
difficult,
but
the
rest
were
(be)
pretty
easy.
5.
There
was
a
fire
last
night
and
more
than
one
house
was
burnt
(burn).
6.
Every
boy
and
every
girl
wishes
(wish)
to
attend
the
English
evening
party
to
be
held
on
Saturday.
7.
A
survey
of
the
opinions
of
experts
shows
(show)
that
they
all
believe
that
three
hours
of
outdoor
exercise
a
week
is
(be)
good
for
one’s
health.
8.The
White
family
is
very
large.
All
the
family
are
animals
lovers.(be)
9.
The
Arabian
Nights
is
(be)
well
known
all
over
the
world.
10.
The
number
of
people
present
at
the
meeting
was
about
1000,
a
large
number
of
whom
were
experts
from
abroad.
(be)
11.
Collecting
stamps
is
my
father’s
favorite
hobby
and
reading
novels
is
my
mother’s
favorite
pastime.
(be)
C
综合练｜
能力提升
｜
建议时间：7
mins
课文语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Memory
expert
Jemima
Gryaznov
answers
some
of
common
questions
about
memory.
According
to
him,
we
can
remember
events
in
our
childhood
but
not
what
1
(happen)
last
week.
That’s
2
childhood
memories
have
strong
connections
in
our
mind,
especially
emotional
connections.
When
we
experience
things
3
the
first
time,
we
often
have
strong
feelings
of
fear
or
4
(excite)and
they
are
often
told
repeatedly.
Therefore,
we
remember
them
much
better,
as
retelling
events
helps
fix
experiences
in
our
memories.
We
also
learn
that
no
one
really
5
(
have)
a
photographic
memory.
However,
some
people
do
have
amazing
memories.
For
example,
Daniel
Tammet
can
remember
the
first
22,
514
digits
of
pi
(π)and
Stephen
Wiltshire
can
draw
a
detailed
picture
of
a
city
from
memory
after
flying
over
it
in
a
helicopter.
They
are
both
good
at
6
(remember)
particular
things
for
a
limited
time.
It
is
no
surprise
7
you
forget
the
new
words
you
learnt
yesterday.
According
to
the
famous
memory
expert
Hermann
Ebbinghaus
who
published
a
book
8
(call)
Memory
in
1885.
People
learn
something
following
the
forgetting
curve.
The
sharpest
loss
of
memory
occurs
during
the
very
early
period
after
learning.
That’s
to
say,
timely
review
during
this
period
can
significantly
help
us
to
remember
the
information.
It’s
natural
that
those
people
as
young
as
16
may
forget
things
sometimes.
Our
memory
reaches
its
full
power
at
9
age
of
25,
when
we
can
remember
up
to
200
pieces
of
information
in
a
second.
After
this
age
the
brain
starts
to
get
smaller.
By
middle
age,
our
memory
is
significantly
10
(bad)
than
when
we
were
young.
1.happened
2.because
3.for
4.excitement
5.has
6.remembering
7.that
8.called
9.the
10.worseUnit
9
Lesson
3
1．arrangement
n．[C,
usually
pl.]安排；[C,U]排列；约定→arrange
vi．&
vt．安排，筹备；整理，布置
2．emotional
adj．情感上的；情绪上的→emotion
n．[U,C]情感→emotionally
adv．感情上;
情绪上;
令人激动地;
情绪冲动地
3．excitement
n．[U]兴奋，激动；[C]令人激动（或兴奋）的事→excite
vt．使兴奋；激发→excited
adj．兴奋的，激动的→exciting
adj．令人激动的，使人兴奋的
4．photographic
adj．详细准确的；照片的；摄影的→photograph
n．[C]
照片
5．digit
n．[C]（0-9的任何一个）数字→digital
adj．数码的；数字式的
6．sharp
adj．急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的；adv．（时间）整点→sharply
adv．猛烈地；急剧地；明显地→sharpen
vi．&
vt．（使）变得锋利→sharpener
n．[C]
磨具，削具
7．digit
n．[C]（0-9的任何一个）数字→digital
adj．数码的；数字式的
8．timely
adj．适时的，及时的→time
n．[U]时间；[C]时刻；次数；倍数
9．memorisation
n．[U]记忆→memorise
vt．记住
10．periodically
adv．定期地→periodical
adj．定期的
n．(学术)期刊
文化知识：人物小传
1.
Daniel
Tammet丹尼尔·塔梅，英国人，有超常的运算能力和记忆力。可以背到圆周率小数点后22514位。
2.
Stephen
Wiltshire斯蒂芬·威尔夏，英国人，拥有惊人的记忆和绘画天赋，有“人肉照相机”之称。
3.
Hermann
Ebbinghaus赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯(1850-1909)，德国心理学家。艾宾浩斯一生致力于有关记忆的实验心理学研究，在1885年出版了《关于记忆》一书，提出了著名的“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”。
短语过关
1．很久以前long
ago
3．结果as
a
result
3．牢记某事
fix
sth.
in
one’s
memory/mind
4．例如
for
example
5．第一次for
the
first
time
6．根据
according
to
7．在…岁的时候…
at
the
age
of...
8．达到
up
to
9．把……联系起来
connect...to...
10．别紧张；放松点take
it
easy
11．就……而言；在……方面
in
terms
of
12．充分利用
make
good
use
of
13．专注于
focus
on
14．对……感到好奇be
curious
about
15．热情地，狂热地
with
enthusiasm
16．趋向于做……
tend
to
do...
重点单词与短语精析
★课标词
▲高频词
★1.
arrangement
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)n．[C]安排，筹备。通常用复数形式。
make
arrangements(for)...
(为……)做安排
?I’ll
make
arrangements
for
you
to
be
met
at
the
airport.我会安排人到机场接你。
(2)n．[C]布置，安排方式。常用复数形式。
?The
arrangements
of
the
furniture
in
our
new
house
took
a
long
time.我们新房里的家具布置花了很长时间。
(3)相关词语积累：
arrange
vi．&vt．安排，筹备；整理，布置
arrange
for
sth.
安排某物
arrange
to
do
sth.
安排做某事
arrange
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
安排某人做某事
?It’s
not
necessary
for
parents
to
arrange
everything
for
their
children.父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。
?The
company
will
arrange
for
a
taxi
to
collect
us
from
the
airport.公司将安排一辆出租车到机场接我们。
?I’ve
arranged
to
see
her
tonight.我已安排今晚同她见面。
?He’ll
arrange
for
someone
to
show
you
round.他将安排人带你转转。
【练习】1.语法填空
①(2020·山东新泰期中)
Whatever
she
says
will
not
make
any
difference
to
our
arrangements
.(arrange)
②My
schedule
is
quite
flexible,
so
I
could
arrange
to
meet
(meet)
you
any
day
next
week.
When
you’re
free,
just
call
me.
③The
manager
will
arrange
for
you
to
visit
the
big
company
next
week.
2.完成句子
他们已经为下周五晚上举行的晚会做好了所有准备。
They
have
make
all
the
arrangements
for
the
party
to
be
held
next
Friday
evening.
[高频短语]2.
as
a
result
【用法归纳与拓展】
as
a
result意为“因此，结果”，常位于句首，且常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
?He
made
one
big
mistake.
As
a
result,
he
lost
his
job.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
result构成的其他短语：
as
a
result
of
作为……的结果，因为(后接原因)
result
from
因……发生，随……产生(后接原因)
result
in=
cause/
lead
to/
bring
about
造成，导致(后接结果)
?He
was
late
as
a
result
of
the
snow.
由于下雪，他迟到了。
?We’re
still
dealing
with
the
problems
resulting
from
errors
made
in
the
past.
我们仍在处理因过去的失误而产生的问题。
?The
car
accident
resulted
in
his
death.
这场车祸导致了他的死亡。
【练习】1.语法填空
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解改编)As
a
result,
she
says,
some
of
the
injuries
associated
with
running,
such
as
runner’s
knee,
are
uncommon
among
race
walkers.
[一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见]
②Too
much
stress
can
result
in
anger,
depression
and
other
related
problems,
which
we
need
to
take
seriously.
③As
a
result
of
bad
management,
the
company
was
closed.
2.一句多译(result)
①据说缺乏信心导致他面试失败了。
It
was
said
that
lack
of
confidence
resulted
in
his
failure
in
the
interview.
It
was
said
that
his
failure
in
the
interview
resulted
from
lack
of
confidence.
②由于购物太多，珍妮差点儿误了班机。
Jenny
nearly
missed
the
flight
as
a
result
of
doing
too
much
shopping.
Jenny
did
too
much
shopping.
As
a
result
,
she
nearly
missed
the
flight.
[高频短语]3.
up
to
【用法归纳】
(1)表示“达到(某数量、程度等)，至多有”
?Up
to
ten
people
can
sleep
in
this
tent.
这个帐篷至多能睡十个人。
?Our
football
team
played
up
to
its
best
in
the
last
match.我们的足球队在上一次的比赛中发挥了最佳水平。
(2)表示“直到，不迟于”，相当于
up
till
up
to
now直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)
up
to
then直到那时(常与过去完成时连用)
?The
No.5
bus
runs
up
to
9
o’clock
in
the
evening.
5路公共汽车运行到晚上九点。
?Up
to
now,
the
writer
has
written
six
stories,
three
of
which
are
about
country
life.
到前为止，这位作家写了六个故事，其中有三个是关于乡村生活的。
(3)表示“(体力或智力上)能胜任”。
?Michael
is
not
really
up
to
the
job.
迈克尔不太能胜任那份工作。
?My
German
isn’t
up
to
translating
that
letter.
我的德语还不行，翻译不了那封信。
(4)表示“由……决定；是……的职责(或责任)”。
It’s
up
to
sb.
to
do
sth.
由某人决定做某事/某人有义务做某事。
It’s
up
to
sb.
+
whether...
是否……由某人决定。
It’s
up
to
you.
(交际用语)由你决定。
?It’s
up
to
you
to
lead
what
kind
of
life
in
the
future.将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。
?—Shall
we
go
out
for
dinner
or
eat
at
home?
我们是出去吃饭还是在家吃呢?
—It’s
up
to
you.由你决定。
(5)表示“从事着(尤指坏事)，在捣鬼”。用于非正式文体中。
?The
children
are
very
quiet;
I
wonder
what
they
are
up
to
there!孩子们很安静，我想知道他们在那儿捣什么鬼!
【练习】1.判断下列句子中up
to的含义
①It’s
up
to
you
whether
we
accept
the
present
or
not.
由……决定
②(2020·山东阅读理解改编)
Judges
will
choose
up
to
50
honorable
mention
winners,
who
will
each
receive
a
T-shirt
in
memory
of
Earhart’s
final
flight.
达到(某数量、程度等),至多有
③He’s
up
to
the
role
of
Othello
in
the
play.
(体力或智力上)能胜任
句意[他将在剧中扮演奥赛罗。]
④Up
to
now,
he
has
visited
five
European
countries,
including
the
UK
and
France.
直到
2.语法填空
①Up
to
now
no
conclusion
has
been
reached
(reach)
about
who
the
first
prize
should
go
to.
②It
is
up
to
you
to
find
(find)
out
what
your
goals
really
are.
③He,
up
to
then,
had
have
(have)
a
good
subject
to
write
about.
▲★4.
connect
vt.
&
vi.
(使)连接；vt.
接通；把……联系起来；与……有联系(或关联)
【用法归纳】
connect...to...
把……和……接通/相连
connect...with...
把……与……联系起来
be
connected
with与……有关系；与……相关
?You
can
connect
the
speakers
to
your
CD
player.你可以将这些扬声器与你的激光唱机连接起来。
?Have
you
ever
had
any
skin
problems
that
are
connected
with
exposure
to
the
sun?
你曾出现过与日晒有关的皮肤问题吗？
?He
is
connected
with
the
Smiths
by
marriage.他与史密斯家有姻亲关系。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
connection
n.[C]联系，关联；[U,C]连接，接通
have
a/no
connection
with...
和……有/无联系
in
connection
with
sb./sth.
与某人/某物有关
【练习】语法填空
①(2020·河北保定期中)
There
is
no
evidence
to
connect
(connect)
them
with
the
attack.没有证据表明他们与这次袭击有关
②Experts
say
turning
to
the
right
when
people
walk
into
a
shop
is
connected
with
most
people’s
preference
for
using
their
right
hand.
句意[专家说，当人们走进商店时向右转与大多数人对食物的偏好有关用右手。]
③(2019·全国I卷阅读理解七选五改编)
Recently,
people
have
begun
studying
the
connection
(connect)
between
the
natural
world
and
healing(治愈).
句意[最近，人们开始研究自然界与治疗之间的联系。]
▲★5.
doubt
What
are
your
doubts?你有什么疑惑？（教材P60）
【用法归纳】
(1)n.
[U,C]疑惑，疑问，不确定
There
is
no
doubt
that...
毫无疑问……
There
is
some
doubt
about/whether...
不确定……（whether不可用if替换）
without
doubt/beyond
doubt
毫无疑问，的确
?There
is
no
doubt
that
their
football
team
will
win
the
match.
毫无疑问他们的足球队将会赢得这场比赛。
?There
is
some
doubt
about
the
best
way
to
do
it.
有点拿不准做这件事的最佳办法。
?The
event,
without
doubt,
is
one
of
the
most
important
things
in
our
school.这件事无疑是我们学校最重要的事情之一。
(2)vt.
无把握，不能肯定，认为……未必可能；怀疑，不信任
doubt
+
that从句
怀疑……，不确信……（常用于否定句、疑问句中）
doubt
+
whether/if
从句
不敢肯定……（常用语肯定句中）
?I
don’t
doubt
that
he
can
finish
the
task
on
time.
我相信他能按时完成任务。
?You
can
complain,
but
I
doubt
if
it’ll
make
any
difference
.
你可以投诉，但是我看未必有用。
【练习】1.语法填空
①Although
most
of
them
have
no
doubt
that
he
will
pass
the
exam,
I
still
wonder
if/whether
he
has
really
got
everything
ready.
②People
doubt
whether/if
the
rising
house
prices
will
be
under
control.
③（2020·江苏镇江开学考）There
is
no
doubt
that
China
is
a
great
country
with
a
long
history
and
rich
culture
in
the
world.
2.单句写作
①我怀疑他们两天内是否能完成这项艰巨的任务。
I
doubt
whether/if
they
can
finish
the
hard
task
in
two
days.
②毋庸置疑，在新的一年里我们会有一个好的开端。
There
is
no
doubt
that
we’ll
have
a
good
beginning
in
the
new
year.
▲★6.
tend
When
we
do
things
with
enthusiasm,we
tend
to
remember
them
well.
当我们热情地做事情时，往往会牢记这些事情。（教材P60）
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)vi.
&
vt.
往往会；趋向，趋于
tend
to
do
sth.
常常会做某事，往往会做某事
tend
to/towards...
趋向……，趋于……
?We
tend
to
blame
TV,
he
says,
for
problems
it
doesn’t
really
cause,
overlooking
our
own
roles
in
shaping
children’s
minds.他说，我们往往因为其实并不是电视引起的问题而归咎于电视，却忽略了我们自己在塑造孩子思维方面的影响。（广东高考）
?His
views
tend
towards
the
extreme.他的观点趋于极端。
(2)相关词语积累：
tendency
n.[C]趋向；倾向
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.有做某事的倾向
?I
have
a
tendency
to
talk
too
much
when
I’m
nervous.
我紧张时总爱唠叨。
【练习】1.语法填空
①There
is
a
widespread(普遍的)
tendency
(tend)
that
more
and
more
young
people
choose
online
shopping
rather
than
go
to
real
stores
to
buy
what
they
like.
②(浙江高考单项填空改编)
We
tend
to
have
(have)
a
better
memory
for
things
that
excite
our
senses
or
appeal
to
(吸引)
our
emotions
than
for
straight
facts.句意：我们往往更容易记住那些刺激我们的感官、吸引我们的情感的东西，而非纯粹的事实。
③Some
people
have
a
natural
tendency
to
compare
(compare)themselves
with
others
with
the
hope
of
getting
satisfaction.
④The
sort
of
music
I
listen
to
varies,
but
it
tends
to/towards
light
music.
语法
主谓一致
主谓一致是指句子的谓语必须与其主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。
【挖教材·语法示例】
用括号内词的适当形式完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征
1.
Asking
questions
is
(be)
the
easiest
way
to
promote
active
learning.
2.
One
of
the
best
ways
to
promote
active
learning
is
(be)
to
ask
questions.
3.
Also,
interesting
or
funny
stories
from
our
childhood
are
(be)
often
told
again
and
again.
4.
As
a
result,
we
remember
them
much
better,
as
retelling
events
helps
(help)fix
experiences
in
our
memories.
5.
Yet,
there
are
(be)
some
people
who
do
have
amazing
memories.
6.
They
are
(be)
both
good
at
remembering
particular
things
for
a
limited
time.
7.
According
to
him,
the
sharpest
loss
of
memory
occurs
(occur)during
the
very
early
period
after
learning.
【考点1】语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
1.不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
?Every
part
is
to
be
carefully
checked
before
they
are
put
together.
组装之前，每一个部件都要仔细检查。
?A
big
part
of
the
corn
is
used
to
feed
chickens,
pigs
and
cattle
in
that
country.
在那个国家，一大部分玉米被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。
?These
toys
are
designed
for
children
under
three
years
old.
这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的
2.复合不定代词anyone,
anything,
someone,
somebody,
something,
everyone,
everybody,
everything,
nobody,
nothing及不定代词either,
each等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?Everyone
is
ready
for
the
sports
meeting.每个人都为运动会做好准备了。
?Two
boys
entered.
Each
was
carrying
a
suitcase.进来两个男孩。每人提着一个手提箱。
3.单个的动词不定式(短语)、v-ing(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
?Listening
to
music
makes
me
relaxed
after
a
busy
day.听音乐使我在忙碌了一天之后得到放松。
?When
they
can
finish
the
task
is
not
known
yet.他们何时能完成这项任务还未知。
4.
由
as
well
as,
along
with,
together
with,
with,
rather
than,
but,
except,
besides,
in
addition
to,
like,
including等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与(短语)介词前面的主语保持一致。
?The
teacher
as
well
as
the
students
likes
the
painting.老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。
?Tom,
along
with
his
friends,
goes
skating
every
Saturday.
每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。
5.“many
a(n)(许多)/
more
than
one(不止一个)+可数名词单数”作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
?Many
a
parent
has
had
to
go
through
this
painful
process.
很多父母都不得不经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
?
More
than
one
person
is
against
the
proposal.不止一个人反对这个提议。
6.
用and连接的并列主语被each,
every或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?In
our
country
every
boy
and
every
girl
has
the
right
to
receive
education.
在我国,男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。
7.“one
and
a
half+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
?One
and
a
half
apples
were
left
on
the
table.一个半苹果剩在了桌子上。
8.一些形式为复数但表达单数意义的名词如
trousers,
shoes,
glasses,
scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但当这类名词前有量词pair时，谓语动词的数由pair的数决定。
?Her
glasses
are
new.
她的眼镜是新的。
?This
pair
of
scissors
is
made
in
Hangzhou.
这把剪刀是在杭州制造的。
9.“one
of+可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而“the(only)
one
of+可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。
?He
is
one
of
the
students
who
have
been
to
Shanghai.他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。
?He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
has
been
to
Shanghai.
他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。
10.在“It+is/was+被强调部分+
that/
who...”结构中，如被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语动词与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。
?It
is
they
who
have
worked
there
for
five
years.是他们在那里工作了五年。
【考点2】意义一致原则
这一原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式来确定，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。
意义一致原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
1.and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。
?The
owner
and
the
editor-in-chief
of
the
newspaper
are
to
attend
the
conference.
这家报纸的老板和主编将参加这次会议。
?The
knife
and
fork
is
on
the
desk.这套刀又在桌子上。
?The
teacher
and
writer
is
going
to
give
us
a
talk.那位老师兼作家将要给我们做一次演讲。
2.all,
none,
some,
any等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。
?All
are
here
and
all
is
ready.
所有的人都到了，一切就绪。
?All
who
have
studied
this
question
have
come
to
the
same
conclusion.所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。
?None
have
arrived
yet.
还无人到来。
?None
is
more
qualified
for
the
task
than
him.
没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。
3.“all/most/ha/
the
rest
of+名词/代词”或“分数/百分数+名词/代词”作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
?The
rest
of
the
buildings
were
easy
to
get
to
and
the
rest
of
his
time
was
spent
in
enjoying
the
beautiful
scenes.
其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。
?He
got
back
home,
finding
that
some
of
the
honey
was
spilled
on
the
floor.他回到家，发现一些蜂蜜酒落在地上。
4.
表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待，谓语动词常用单数形式，但为了强调数量之多，也可用复数形式。
?Twenty
kilometers
is
quite
a
long
distance.
20千米是相当长的一段距离。
?Fifty
dollars
was
a
large
sum
for
me
at
that
time.
那时50美元对我来说是一大笔钱。
5.
集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
(1)有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如
cattle,
people,
police等。
?How
many
people
were
at
the
meeting?有多少人参加了会议?
?The
cattle
are
grazing
at
the
foot
of
the
hill.
牛群正在山脚下吃草。
(2)有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强
调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如family,
class,
audience,
team,
group,
band,
committee(委员会)等
①强调整体，谓语动词用单数：
?There
was
a
big
audience
at
the
evening
party.晚会上观众很多。
?Class
One
suggests
a
second
visit
to
the
Great
Wall.
一班提议再游览一次长城。
?The
football
team
is
being
reorganized.
这支足球队正在重组。
②强调成员，谓语动词用复数：
?The
audience
were
all
deeply
impressed
by
the
plot.
故事情节给观众留下了极为深刻的印象。
?Class
One
are
all
out
on
the
playground
to
cheer
for
the
athletes.一班的同学都到操场上为运动员加油去了。
?The
committee
agree
to
discuss
the
proposal
at
the
next
meeting.委员们同意在下次会议中讨论该提议。
(3)有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如clothing,
equipment,
furniture,
jewellery,
poetry
等。
?The
furniture
in
this
room
has
been
made
to
order.这个房间的家具是定做的。
?All
their
clothing
is
bright
and
attractive.
他们所有的衣服都颜色鲜艳，引人注目。
?Most
of
their
equipment
has
been
shipped
ahead
of
schedule.
他们的大部分设备已提前运走了。
6.“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the+形容词”表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?The
wounded
were
saved
by
the
villagers
at
last.
最后，村民救了伤员。
?The
beautiful
is
not
always
useful.
好看的并不总是有用的。
7.
a
number
of...
作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the
number
of...
作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?A
number
of
trees
are
cut
down.
许多树被砍倒了。
?The
number
of
students
in
our
class
is
32.
我们班的学生人数是32。
8.以-s结尾的表示学科名称(如physics,
politics)，国名(如the
United
States)，报纸书籍名称(如
The
New
York
Times,
Great
Expectations)等的词语等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
?The
New
York
Times
is
one
of
the
most
influential
newspapers
in
the
world.
《纽约时报》是世界上最具影响力的报纸之一。
?Great
Expectations
was
written
by
Charles
Dickens.《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯所著。
9.以-s结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
?The
Rocky
Mountains
stand
in
the
west
of
North
America.
落基山脉坐落在北美洲西部。
【考点3】就近原则
这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。
该原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
l.
either...or...，...or...，neither...nor...，not
only...
but
also...，not...but...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称
和数由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。
?Are
you
or
he
good
at
English?是你还是他擅长英语?
?Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
wants
to
go
climbing.
不仅学生想去爬山，老师也想。
2.
there
be句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
?There
is
a
pen,
two
books
and
many
pencils
on
the
desk.
桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。
?There
are
two
books,
a
pen
and
many
pencils
on
the
desk.
桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。
巩固练习
A
基础练｜
知识巩固
｜
建议时间：15
mins
一、单词拼写（用本部分所学单词）
1.
Judging
from
her
face,
she
must
have
news
of
great
excitement
to
tell
us.
2.
After
the
doctors’
timely
treatment,
Mary
began
to
pick
up
and
would
go
back
to
school
soon.
3.
The
year
2019
saw
a
sharp
increase
in
the
number
of
people
who
went
climbing
and
camping.
4.
If
you
are
finding
it
hard
to
fall
asleep,
try
a
relaxation
technique
——deep
breathing,
which
can
be
done
without
even
getting
out
of
bed.
5.
As
far
as
I
know,
everyone
is
happy
about
this
new
arrangement
(安排)
of
things.
6.
It’s
when
those
negative
moments
control
your
life
that
your
emotional
(情感的)balance
is
at
risk.
7.
He
had
a
photographic
(摄影的)
memory
for
maps.
8.
Periodically
(定期地)
some
of
the
trash
was
burned
and
the
rest
was
buried.
9.(2020·天津市耀华中学模拟)
Thanks
to
advances
in
technology,
how
we
make
friends
and
communicate
with
them
has
changed
significantly
(明显地).
10.
The
students
of
Class
3
had
a
discussion
about
whether
it
is
necessary
to
start
learning
English
from
childhood
（童年时期）.
二、语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.
It
is
your
considerate
arrangements
(arrange)
that
make
it
convenient
and
comfortable
for
me
to
live,
study
and
travel
in
the
UK.
2.
The
only
reason
was
that
the
theory
he
stuck
to
(was)
proved
(prove)
wrong.句意[唯一的原因是他坚持的理论被证明是错误的]
3.
The
traffic
accidents
have
decreased
sharply
(sharp)
as
a
result
of
the
recent
ban
on
drunk
driving.[交通事故急剧减少]
4.
And
there
was
a
strange
thing
connected
(connect)
with
it;
it
then
became
a
symbol
of
honor
and
authority(权威).
5.
There
is
no
doubt
that
people
with
high
EQ
adapt
to
a
new
environment
more
easily.
6.
There
is
a
growing
tendency
(tend)
for
people
to
work
at
home
instead
of
in
offices.
7.(2020·广东深圳期末)
As
a
result
of
Yuan
Longping’s
discoveries,
China’s
rice
production
rose
greatly
in
the
1990s.
三、用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项)
tend
to，
in
terms
of
，because
of
，take
it
easy，as
a
result，arrange
for，deal
with
1.
In
general,
the
airfare(机票)
tends
to
go
down
in
the
autumn
and
rise
again
at
the
Spring
Festival.
2.
(2020·黑龙江哈三中期中)It’s
a
mistake
to
think
of
Harbin
only
in
terms
of
its
ice-snow
tourism.
3.
All
you
can
do
is
do
your
best
each
day,
hope
for
the
best,
and
when
something
does
happen,
take
it
easy
.
4.
People
have
better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to,
and
they’re
living
longer
as
a
result
.
5.
It’s
strongly
suggested
that
we
arrange
for
a
car
to
pick
up
the
speaker
for
the
school
art
festival.
B
语法练｜
专项突破
｜
建议时间：10
mins
一、用括号内词的适当形式填空
1.
Lots
of
medicine
as
well
as
equipment
such
as
tents
has
been
offered
(offer)
to
the
area
since
the
earthquake
occurred.
2.
East
of
our
city
stands
(stand)
a
world-famous
tower
dating
from
Tang
Dynasty.
3.
He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
has
been
(be)
a
winner
of
scholarship
for
three
years.
4.The
first
question
was
difficult,
but
the
rest
were
(be)
pretty
easy.
5.
There
was
a
fire
last
night
and
more
than
one
house
was
burnt
(burn).
6.
Every
boy
and
every
girl
wishes
(wish)
to
attend
the
English
evening
party
to
be
held
on
Saturday.
7.
A
survey
of
the
opinions
of
experts
shows
(show)
that
they
all
believe
that
three
hours
of
outdoor
exercise
a
week
is
(be)
good
for
one’s
health.
8.The
White
family
is
very
large.
All
the
family
are
animals
lovers.(be)
9.
The
Arabian
Nights
is
(be)
well
known
all
over
the
world.
10.
The
number
of
people
present
at
the
meeting
was
about
1000,
a
large
number
of
whom
were
experts
from
abroad.
(be)
11.
Collecting
stamps
is
my
father’s
favorite
hobby
and
reading
novels
is
my
mother’s
favorite
pastime.
(be)
C
综合练｜
能力提升
｜
建议时间：7
mins
课文语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Memory
expert
Jemima
Gryaznov
answers
some
of
common
questions
about
memory.
According
to
him,
we
can
remember
events
in
our
childhood
but
not
what
1
(happen)
last
week.
That’s
2
childhood
memories
have
strong
connections
in
our
mind,
especially
emotional
connections.
When
we
experience
things
3
the
first
time,
we
often
have
strong
feelings
of
fear
or
4
(excite)and
they
are
often
told
repeatedly.
Therefore,
we
remember
them
much
better,
as
retelling
events
helps
fix
experiences
in
our
memories.
We
also
learn
that
no
one
really
5
(
have)
a
photographic
memory.
However,
some
people
do
have
amazing
memories.
For
example,
Daniel
Tammet
can
remember
the
first
22,
514
digits
of
pi
(π)and
Stephen
Wiltshire
can
draw
a
detailed
picture
of
a
city
from
memory
after
flying
over
it
in
a
helicopter.
They
are
both
good
at
6
(remember)
particular
things
for
a
limited
time.
It
is
no
surprise
7
you
forget
the
new
words
you
learnt
yesterday.
According
to
the
famous
memory
expert
Hermann
Ebbinghaus
who
published
a
book
8
(call)
Memory
in
1885.
People
learn
something
following
the
forgetting
curve.
The
sharpest
loss
of
memory
occurs
during
the
very
early
period
after
learning.
That’s
to
say,
timely
review
during
this
period
can
significantly
help
us
to
remember
the
information.
It’s
natural
that
those
people
as
young
as
16
may
forget
things
sometimes.
Our
memory
reaches
its
full
power
at
9
age
of
25,
when
we
can
remember
up
to
200
pieces
of
information
in
a
second.
After
this
age
the
brain
starts
to
get
smaller.
By
middle
age,
our
memory
is
significantly
10
(bad)
than
when
we
were
young.
答案：1.happened
2.because
3.for
4.excitement
5.has
6.remembering
7.that
8.called
9.the
10.worse
