安徽省巢湖市春晖中学2012届高考英语考前冲刺精品讲义阅读理解(5份）

安徽省巢湖市春晖中学2012届高考英语考前冲刺精品讲义阅读理解类猜测词义
按照考纲要求，高考的阅读文章允许有3%以内的生词。这就需要考生尽可能利用这些词所处的语境来猜测词义。高考阅读理解中比重最大也是比较基础的题型就是词义猜测和细节理解题，这类题是考生争取的重点，它要求考生快速而准确地获取信息，从而拿到最基本的分数。考生最常见的问题就是见到生单词就头脑发蒙，无法从已知信息中找到有用的线索，从而造成失分。
【例1】 I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.
Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph？(2010·全国Ⅰ卷)
A．choose B．enjoy
C．prepare for D. carry on
解析：有些学生连particularly也不认识，直接发蒙无法正确猜测。本段画线词的语境说，作者不太喜欢漫长的列车旅途，于是准备了许多本杂志，由此判断画线词的含义是B。她觉得这样的长途火车旅行是很枯燥的，她不喜欢。
答案：B
【例2】 That’s why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause－can have a great effect on one’s life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems－even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.
The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means________。(2010·北京卷)
A．being willing to speak one’s mind
B．being able to increase one’s power
C．being ready to make one’s own judgment
D．being quick to express one’s ideas confidently
解析：本词的前面有个register对于很多考生也是生词，导致学生无法猜测词义。根据本段对这位女士的描述可以得知她的问题出在哪里，因此D项符合题意。
答案：D
【解决方案与复习指南】
考生要利用上下文意所表达的相关关系及生词所处的语法位置，推测出词类和词义。阅读理解中词义猜测题和细节理解题出题知识分类总结如下：
1．词义猜测题
(1)常用提问方式：
①According to the passage...probably means ________.
②The author uses the word...to mean________.
③What does the underlined word...refer to
④The word (phrase, clause, ...) ...refers to (most probable means) ...________.
⑤What does the word...in Para...stand for
⑥What does the writer mean when he says “...”？
⑦Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word...as it is used in the text
⑧Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word
(2)解题方法
猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
解答此类试题，考生可以进行大胆猜测，但却又不是胡乱地、盲目地猜测，应使用一定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种有效的猜测词义的方法，可以在平时的实战演练中注意训练，以期在考场上把失误减少到最低限度。
策略1：利用上下文语境猜测
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键。
策略2：根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示转折意思的连词、副词或短语。如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
此外，我们还可以通过捕捉相关的同义词近义词、反义词，利用有关的例证进行词义推测。
2．指代题
对于指代题，考生应正确理解文段的内容，再根据上下文的句子结构、主谓关系以及上下文之间的语义关系和逻辑关系等来确定所指代的内容。同时，注意以下几个要点：
(1)注意指代条件。it, they, one, that，this都有自己的指代条件，如单数、复数、可数、不可数、先行词的远近(先行词一般紧靠代词。也就是说代词前面有几个可指代的词或词组同时出现，最靠近的词可能性最大)。它要求对代词所在句子以及紧邻几个句子的结构和意思都有准确的理解。
(2)注意文章意思。如果代词周围有好几个名词或词组，而且都符合指代条件，这就要分析哪一选项符合文章意思。
(3)注意搭配意思。把四个选项试着代入原文，看哪一项符合搭配意思，包括句子的语法意义和逻辑意义。
(4)注意综合考虑。综合注意指代条件，文章意思和搭配意思。
总之，遇到猜测词、句义类试题，要依据上下文进行综合推断，一定要注意上下文的联系，不宜只根据某个细节或者某个句子简单下结论。
(5)注意平时积累总结
①总结词类的转化，如：decide—decision, describe description, explain—explanation；形容词与名词的转化，如：anxious—anxiety, angry—anger, free—freedom, various—variety等。
②总结、归纳高频同义、近义词语和表达相同意义的表达方式，如，表示“对……满意”，可以说：be pleased/satisfied/content with..., express one’s satisfaction with...；养成做某事的习惯，可以说：be/become used/accustomed to doing sth.，be in/get into the habit of doing sth., make it a rule to do sth.等。命题者在设计阅读理解题干时，往往使用此类表达方式。如：
One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest (卑微的)to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.
We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked，
“May I get you something？”
“A coffee would be nice.” (2010·重庆卷)
1．What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean
A．Unfriendly. B．Untidy.
C．Gentle. D．Kind.
解析：词义猜测题。由文章第一段信息句I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man(我注意到空桌旁坐的那位年龄较大且满脸胡须的人)和He was wearing a worn out hat(他戴着一顶破旧的帽子)可知，这人外表看起来显得有点不整洁(untidy)。
答案：B
2．The author bought coffee for the old man because________.
A．he thought the old man was poor
B．he wanted to start a conversation
C．he intended to show his politeness
D．he would like to thank the old man
解析：事实细节题。由第二段信息句I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat(我担心他可能没钱买吃的)可以得知，作者为那位老人支付咖啡钱的原因就是他认为那位老人可能是很穷。
答案：A
When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so and so’s fault.” or“I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.(2010·广东卷)
　The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.
A．avoid B．accept
C．improve D．consider
解析：词义猜测题。由画线词所在的句子的语境可知，成功者的秘诀在于不是把注意力集中在谁该受到责备而是集中在怎样改善糟糕的境况。此处的动词remedy意为：改进，改正，纠正；所以improve“改善，改进”符合题意。
答案：C
The term “multitasking” originally referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises(大脑训练)involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss.
In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex(前额叶脑皮层). Brain scans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex “moment of rest” yourself if you’ve ever dialed(拨电话)a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you called when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to another thought or task, and then took that “moment” to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency(效率)declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time.
Multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people don’t find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes.
We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names—even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.(2010·浙江卷)
1．Why are some mental aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking
A．To make them more productive.
B．To reduce their stress and anxiety.
C．To develop their communication skills.
D．To help them perform daily tasks more easily.
解析：事实细节题。第一段说，“执行多项任务”成为一种生活方式，甚至被看做成功的关键，但是很多时候，这样的行为使我们降低而不是提高效率。由此判断，大脑训练的初衷是为了让我们提高工作效率，因此选A，其他选项的叙述不符合文章内容。
答案：A
2．According to Paragraph 2, why may a person suddenly forget who he has called
A．He may have his prefrontal cortex temporarily damaged.
B．He is probably interrupted by another task.
C．He is probably not very familiar with the person he has called.
D．He may need a rest between dialing and speaking.
解析：推理判断题。第二段分析该现象说，当大脑从一项工作转到另一项工作时就会出现在任务转换时大脑的“瞬间休息”现象，比如在拨电话号码与接电话的转换中，对方接了电话之后你的大脑从一种思维转到另一种思维，此时你就会忘记了你是给谁打电话，由此判断，这种现象出现的原因是B，他被另外一项工作给打断了。
答案：B
3．People tend to make mistakes when________.
A．they perform several challenging tasks at a time
B．new messages are processed one after another
C．their relationships with others are affected
D．the tasks require little thought
解析：事实细节题。第三段最后说，当尝试同时进行两项或者更多的需要集中注意力工作时，我们就会犯错误。由此判断选A。
答案：A
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Multitasking has become a way of life.
B．Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.
C．Multitasking exercises need to be improved.
D．Multitasking enables people to remember things better.
解析：主旨大意题。随着现代生活节奏的加快，人们 很多时候要同时处理两项甚至更多项工作，但人脑不同于电脑，在不同工作转换的时候、大脑常会出现“瞬间休息”现象，此时我们就会出错，研究表明，“多项任务”行为方式会增加我们的压力与焦虑感，使我们的记忆出现瞬间消失，我们的工作效率会因此而降低。因此全文的主题是B，“多重任务”会降低我们的工作效率。
答案：B安徽省巢湖市春晖中学2012届高考英语考前冲刺精品讲义阅读理解类推理判断
推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。学生在此类问题的失分较多，主要是无法准确找到答案的位置，很难进行正确推理。考生需要能够通过作品的字面意思去推断作者的言外之意，推理判断错误会影响对文章主题的理解。此题型要求考生纵览全文，在汇集全文提供的各项信息的基础上，进行正确的逻辑推理，推断作者的情感态度，人物的动机、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果以及作者写作的手法，此类题属于深层理解题，要把握这类题必须透彻理解全文，认真探究句意，注意逻辑关系及有关的生活常识。考生做题时一定要整体理解语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去把握作者的“弦外之音”。
该类题失分的原因有以下两种：①没有找准文章中的事实依据，直接根据自己的观点，主观臆断，胡乱推理；②有时候虽然找到了推理的依据。但由于理解不当和斟酌不够，导致推理失误。
【例】 They wear the latest fashions with the most up to date accessories(配饰). Yet these are not girls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies. A generation which would once only wear old fashioned clothes is now favouring the same high street looks worn by those half their age.
Professor Julia Twigg, a social policy expert, said, “Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s. In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter. It was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four years—now you can pick one up at the supermarket whenever you wish to. Fashion is a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly.”
Professor Twigg analysed family expenditure(支出)data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the same—at 5 or 6 percent of spending—the amount of clothes bought had risen sharply.
The professor said, “Clothes are now 70 percent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in the Far East. In the 1960s Leeds was the heart of the British fashion industry and that was where most of the clothes came from, but now almost all of our clothes are sourced elsewhere. Everyone is buying more clothes but in general we are not spending more money on them.”
Fashion designer Angela Barnard, who runs her own fashion business in London, said older women were much more affected by celebrity(名流)style than in previous years.
She said, “When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties, they want to follow them. Older women are much more aware of celebrities. There’s also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change their look, and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties. When I started my business a few years ago, my older customers tended to be very rich, but now they are what I would call ordinary women. My own mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a way she would never have done ten years ago.”(2010·湖北卷)
1．Professor Twigg found that, compared with the 1960s，________.
A．the price of clothes has generally fallen by 70%
B．the spending on clothes has increased by 5% or 6%
C．people spend 30% less than they did on clothes
D．the amount of clothes bought has risen by 5% or 6%
解析：事实细节题。在第二段，Twigg教授说，75岁以上的老年妇女比她们在60年代年轻时买衣服更频繁，“(如今的)时装更便宜了，而且人们更容易对事物产生厌倦感”，第四段说，“如今的衣服价格比60年代便宜了70%”；由此判断A项陈述正确。B项意为“服装方面的花费上涨了5%～6%”；D项意为“如今购买的服装比60年代上升了5%～6%”都与第三段的叙述不一致：女性在服装与鞋子方面的花费占总花费的5%～6%。文章说如今的服装价格比60年代便宜70%，但不能据此说人们在服装方面的花费比原先减少了30%(C项)。
答案：A
2．What can we learn about old women in terms of fashion
A．They are often ignored by fashion designers.
B．They are now more easily influenced by stars.
C．They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion.
D．They are more interested in clothes because of their old age.
解析：推理判断题。最后一段开头说，“当人们看见像Judi Dench和Helen Mirren这样的明星在60多岁依然穿的时尚，魅力十足，他们就想模仿这些人，而且老年妇女对名人效应更感兴趣”，由此推断B项正确：老年妇女更容易受到明星的影响。A项意为“她们常被时装设计师忽视“，C项意为“她们被视为最新时尚的先锋”，D项意为“因为她们年纪大了才对时装感兴趣”，都不符合该段及文章的叙述。
答案：B
3．It can be concluded that old women tend to wear the latest fashions today mainly because________.
A．they get tired of things more quickly
B．TV shows teach them how to change their look
C．they are in much better shape now
D．clothes are much cheaper than before
解析：推理判断题。关于本文所谈论的现象：六七十岁的老人青睐时装，文章提到的原因有：在60年代，服装价格昂贵，每三四年才能买一件，而如今的时装更便宜。由此判断D项正确。从第二段最后一句可知A项不是针对老年女性说的；最后一段说，电视节目教育她们如何改变自己的观点，很多老年妇女学瑜伽来保持形体美，但B、C两项都不是“主要原因”。
答案：D
4．Which is the best possible title of the passage
A．Age Is No Barrier for Fashion Fans
B．The More Fashionable, the Less Expensive
C．Unexpected Changes in Fashion
D．Boom of the British Fashion Industry
解析：主旨大意题。全文讲述女性生活的一个新变化：随着社会的发展，在追逐时尚的主力军中，活跃着六七十岁的女性。随后作者分析其中的原因。全文围绕老年妇女追逐时尚展开，因此本文的标题应该是A项。B项意为“越时尚的东西越不贵”；C项意为“时装界出乎意料的变化”；D项意为“英国时装界的繁荣”，都不能作为全文的标题。
考生在推理判断题类型中出错的主要原因是没有依据文章的细节展开合理推断，而是根据想当然或一知半解的常识做出选择，导致误选失分。
答案：A
【解决方案与复习指南】
这类题型要求考生通过表面的文字叙述“读出”隐藏在字里行间的深层含义，捕捉作者提供的暗示，追踪作者写作时的发展思路，从而悟出作者的言外之意。
1．常用提问方式为
①It can be inferred that________.
②Which of the following conclusions can we draw/come to according to the passage
③We can conclude from the passage that________.
④According to the passage, we can infer that________.
⑤The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that________.
⑥The tone of the passage is________.
⑦The author of the article is probably a________.
⑧The writer suggests that________.
⑨We can infer from the article that________.
⑩What is the writer’s attitude toward________？
2．解题方法
所有推理判断都应围绕原文进行。因此，在做推理判断题时，一定要认真寻找有关的依据，通过作品的字面意思去推断作者的言外之意，要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。对于那些作者没把意图说出来的，要善于通过语篇的逻辑关系，研究细节暗示，推敲作者的意图，理解文章的含义，从而找到“不言自明”的答案和结论。一定要注意：这些推断一定要以阅读材料所提供的事实为依据，决不能凭空想象。
(1)抓住特定信息，逆向或正向推理
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
(2)整合全文(段)信息，合理进行推断
做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目有关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论，切忌“见树不见林”。
(3)利用语境褒贬，适当进行信息推断
几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此，利用好文章的语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子，对我们掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处。
(4)根据文章结论，推断作者态度
作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词。
(5)根据上下文逻辑，大胆得出结论
逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路，预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来描写。必须注意的是：①读者不可根据自己的主观臆断毫无根据地下结论；②所得结论必须符合作者的意图。
(6)结合已有知识，正确进行推断
知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都针对细节。解答此类题，不仅需要考生有一定的社会基础知识，而且需要对文章细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。
(7)根据文件篇章结构，进行判断推理
根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。如：
Christopher Thomas, 27, was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast. Diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病)，Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素)three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage, blindness, and even death. And if that weren’t bad enough, he had no health insurance.
After a month of feeling upset, Thomas decided he’d better find a way to fight back. He left Canton, Michigan for New York, got a job waiting tables, nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar, and created , a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, information, and resources.
Jason Swencki’s son, Kody, was diagnosed with type diabetes at six. Father and son visit the online children’s forums(论坛)together most evenings.“Kody gets so excited, writing to kids from all over，” says Swencki, one of the site’s volunteers.“They know what he’s going through, so he doesn’t feel alone.”
Kody is anything but alone: Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, with 24 million diagnosed cases. And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages.
These days, Thomas’s main focus is his charity(慈善机构), Fight It, which provides medicines and supplies to people－225 to date－who can’t afford a diabetic’s huge expenses. Fight it. org has raised about $ 23, 000－in products and in cash. In May, Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean.
Even with a staff of 22 volunteers, Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause, while still doing his full time job waiting tables. “Of the diabetes charities out there, most are putting money into finding a cure，” says Bentley Gubar, one of Rockstar’s original members. “But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.”(2010·山东卷)
1．Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas
A．He needs to go to the doctor every day.
B．He studies the leading cause of diabetes.
C．He has a positive attitude to his disease.
D．He encourages diabetics by writing articles.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，Christopher Thomas对于自己的疾病采取了积极的态度，所以C项正确。A项与Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素)three times a day for the rest of his life不符；B项与文中的Thomas开办网站，与病人及其家属分享有关的信息和资源不符；D项提到的写作是Thomas的专职工作，而他的志愿工作才是运作Fight It这个慈善机构。
答案：C
2．According to the text, Kody________.
A．feel lonely because of his illness
B．benefits from
C．helps create the online kid’s forums
D．writes children’s stories online
解析：推理判断题。根据Father and son visit the online children’s forums(论坛)together most evenings.“Kody gets so excited, writing to kids from all over，” says Swencki, one of the site’s volunteers. “They know what he’s going through, so he doesn’t feel alone.”可知B项正确。
答案：B
3．The last paragraph suggests that Thomas________.
A．works full time in a diabetes charity
B．employs 22 people for his website
C．helps diabetics in his own way
D．tries to find a cure for diabetes
解析：推理判断题。根据But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.可知Thomas在用自己的方式帮助糖尿病人，所以C项正确。A项与Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause, while still doing his full time job waiting tables不符；B项与Even with a staff of 22 volunteers不符；D项与“Of the diabetes charities out there, most are putting money into finding a cure，” says Bentley Gubar, one of Rockstar’s original members.“But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.”不符。
答案：C安徽省巢湖市春晖中学2012届高考英语考前冲刺精品讲义阅读理解类内容题材
高考阅读理解文章的材料一般都出自英美国家阅读材料原文或适当修改，体现原汁原味。文章更加注重语言材料的真实性。
阅读理解试题体裁广泛，一般有记叙文，议论文，说明文和应用文。题材涉及内容广，在选材方面，突出生态环保、人物传记、名人轶事、社会风俗文化、大众科普、广告、文学作品、社会热点、时文报道等，这些题材能使考生扩大对异域文化的接触。
记叙文
The engineer Camillo Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivrea, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter, Today the company’s head office is still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.
By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13, 000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.
Camillo’s son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists. The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators(计算机). In 1959 it produced the ELEA computer system. This was the first mainframe(主机)computer designed and made in Italy.
After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problems. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company.
In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marketing and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon it became one of the world’s leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group—one for personal computers, one for other office equipment, one for systems and services, and two for telecommunications.(2010·安徽卷)
1．From the text we learn that________.
A．by 1930 Olivetti produced 13, 000 typewriters a year
B．Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s
C．some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy
D．Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning
解析：事实理解题。根据第二段第一句可知Olivetti公司到1930年时每年可生产13, 000台打字机。故选A。由第四段第一句中的the company had a period of financial problems可知公司在20世纪60年代出现了经济问题，故排除B；由第二段第二句可知C中的regularly错误，故排除C；由第一段第二句可知D中的from the very beginning错误。
答案：A
2． What was probably the direct result of Olivetti’s falling behind in electronic technology
A．Adriano’s death.
B．A period of financial problems.
C．Its faster progress.
D．Its agreements with other companies.
解析：推理判断题。由第四段可知Olivetti公司在1960年存在经济问题，而其他公司却在飞速发展，故推断出B。
答案：B
3．What do we know about Olivetti
A．It produced the best typewriter in the world.
B．It designed the world’s first mainframe computer.
C．It exported more typewriters than other companies.
D．It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea.
解析：事实细节题。由第一段最后一句和最后一段最后一句可知Olivetti公司的总部在Ivrea，另外有五个分公司。故选D。A中的the best typewriter错误；由第三段最后一句可知它设计出意大利的第一台电脑主机，而不是世界第一台，故排除B；由第二段最后一句可知“它向其他国家出口更多打字机”，而不是“比其他国家出口更多的打字机”，故排除C。
答案：D
4．The best title for the text would be________.
A．The Origin of Olivetti B．The Success of Olivetti
C．The History of Olivetti D．The Production of Olivetti
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知：作者从第一段开始以时间为线索分别向我们叙述了Olivetti公司的发展史，故选C。而A、B和D只是文章中的部分内容，比较片面，故排除。
答案：C安徽省巢湖市春晖中学2012届高考英语考前冲刺精品讲义阅读理解类考察角度
阅读理解题型是高考英语试卷中的重中之重，分值最高；在时间和速度上也最难操作，从某种程度说，它决定高考的成功与否。高考阅读理解要求考生在35分钟左右的时间内，完成对四到五篇短文的理解。这几篇短文涵盖了记叙文、说明文、议论文和报刊、广告、书信应用文等多种体裁，涉及人物、故事、社会、文化、政治、经济、科普、新闻和广告等多种题材。
纵观近五年的高考试题，我们也能看得出，阅读理解选材特点是：鲜明的时代感、丰富多样的题材、灵活多样的形式和浓厚的原汁原味性，体现了现代英语的特点，加大了内容的复杂程度和长难句子，反映了现代科学及现实生活中的新发展、新变化。如果没有良好的阅读素养和英语语感，读起来晦涩难懂、不知所云。它考查的不仅是考生对整篇文章的把握能力，还考查了他们快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节，以及复杂句子的能力；考生不仅要理解文章的表层意思，更重要的是要通过文章的表层去合理推断、挖掘文章的隐含意义、延伸意义。这是对考生能力、智力、心理的一个综合检验。
阅读理解的常见题型为：主旨大意题、分析推理题、细节理解题、猜测词义题；其中以细节判断试题为主，并加大深层次理解试题和篇章结构试题的考查力度。
近几年阅读理解的题型特点：
1．词汇量不断攀升
近几年高考阅读理解部分的阅读量一直保持增长的趋势，阅读量的增加意味着对阅读速度的要求在提高，因此我们要提醒和培养考生提高阅读速度。
2．更加注重综合理解能力的考查
阅读理解能力测试的主要设题方式有：(1)理解所读材料的主旨和大意；(2)理解文中用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；(3)根据上下文推断词、短语或句子的含义；(4)根据文章的叙述，作出简单的推断判断；(5)理解文章的基本篇章结构；(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
【问题描述与分析】
有一类阅读理解题，要求考生为短文找出最佳标题(title)或中心思想(main idea)等，这是考查领悟文章主旨大意的能力。此题型要求考生在理解全文后归纳短文大意，概括中心思想，或选择短文的标题，这些都暗含在文章中。要充分注意文章的首尾句、段。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的梗概，尤其是新闻类的，第一段常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达文章的中心思想。文章的段落则经常由开头的一句作主题句，来概括该段的中心思想。但不少文章或段落中，中心思想贯穿在整个文章中。必须具备一定的归纳和概括能力，才能选对答案。因此，此类题有些属于浅层次理解上的档次，而很多考生缺乏领悟文章主旨大意的能力，常常被一些枝节问题缠绕，导致题目做错而失分。
新课标区的高考阅读理解试题的一大特点就是倾向于从语篇的角度进行考查，文章的主题要根据全文的信息进行推理判断，在考试的过程中，如果过分纠缠细节，容易以偏概全，或者归纳的主题太泛；如果碰到有的文章所涉及的素材是自己所熟悉的，考生容易主观臆断而背离命题意向。解答主旨大意题时，考生容易将文章中出现的细节误认为是文章或段落的中心思想。虽然细节内容与主旨大意有一定联系，但不可以偏概全。如果过于纠缠文章中的细节，而不从总体上把握作者要阐明的内容，就容易做错题。
【例】 Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws(爪子)on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6 m above the river, an important feature(特征)for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.
In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak(喙)，they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done, When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.(2010·全国Ⅰ卷)
　What is the text mainly about
A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.
B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.
C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.
D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.
解析：本文第一段说，在亚马逊河流域有一种鸟，先学会游泳后学会飞翔，第二段说它们的外表，第三段叙述这种鸟从幼鸟到学会飞翔的蜕变，第四段讲述其生活特性，即在每年的12月到次年的3月以及4月份雨季来临时它们的生活习性。从这些叙述看，本文的主题是D，介绍这种叫hoatzin的鸟的外表和生活习性。B项“hoatzin的天敌与亲戚”在本文没有提到，A项“在雨季和干燥季节的hoatzin”，C项“始祖鸟与亚马逊的hoatzins”都是文章的部分内容。考生由于看不懂或者理解片面，都有可能导致选错。
答案：D
【解决方案与复习指南】
做此类题目时，首先要搞清题意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中蕴涵的信息往往是关键信息。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点就是有一个反复出现的中心词即主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
此外，还要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句(topic sentence)来表达。一篇文章的中心思想常常在开始段或结尾段点出，因此，要特别注意段首、段尾及主题句。对于没有明显的主题句的文章，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，归纳出主题句进而概括出文章的中心思想。
略读是阅读的第一步。特别是在考场上时间紧、阅读量大的情况下，要获取答题所需要的信息，有时不能按常规逐字逐句地读，而是要一个意群一个意群地扫描，省略大量与所寻信息无关的词句，以求提高答题效率。重点掌握以下三点：
1．抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨
仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法。浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句。重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
2．抓住段落大意，概括中心思想
寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语，或光看文章的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的重点，考虑文章中材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心来安排的。最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
3．抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心
要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。如：
To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.
Common sense is not all that common.
Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse
These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature. To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do.The original quote about human nature went like this：“To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的)．”This saying mirrors an ideal people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite—find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity.
Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for mon sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company, “the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.”
And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people, get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary(直接推论)to that: if a good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth？(2010·天津卷)
　What would be the best title for this passage
A．A Mirror of Human Nature
B．To Blame or to Forgive
C．A Mark of Maturity
D．Truth of Excuse
解析：本题要选出最佳标题，应从文章的主旨大意出发，升华一个最佳标题。A.人性的镜子；B.责备或原谅；C.成熟的标志；D.借口的真相。B、C、D都是文章的一个方面，标题不能以偏赅全，因此选A。
答案：A
L1PITOR
ABOUT LIPITORLipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise, it lowers “bad” cholesterol(胆固醇) in your blood. It can also raise “good” cholesterol.[Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking.]
WHO IS LIPITOR FOR？Who can take LIPTTOR：·People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise·Adults and children over 10Who should NOT take LIPITOR：·Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may become pregnant. Lipitor may harm your unborn baby.·Women who are breast feeding. Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.·People with liver(肝脏)problems
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITORSerious side effects in a small number of people：·Muscle(肌肉)problems that can lead to kidney(肾脏)problems, including kidney failure·Liver problems. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking it.Call your doctor right away if you have：·Unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially if you have a fever or feel very tired·Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing·Stomach painSome common side effects of LIPITOR are：·Muscle pain·Upset stomach·Changes in some blood tests
HOW TO TAKE LIPITORDo：·Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.·Try to eat heart healthy foods while you take Lipitor.·Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food.·If you miss a dose(一剂), take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose, wait. Take the next dose at your regular time.Don’t：·Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.·Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.
(2010·湖南卷)
1．What is a major function of Lipitor
A．To help quit smoking.
B．To control blood pressure.
C．To improve unhealthy diet.
D．To lower “bad” cholesterol.
解析：事实细节题。根据第一栏中首段内容可得知，本药品主要功效是降低身体有害胆固醇的含量，同时增加有益胆固醇的含量。故答案为D项。
答案：D
2．Taking Lipitor is helpful for________.
A．breast feeding women
B．women who are pregnant
C．adults having heart disease
D．teenagers with liver problems
解析：事实细节题。根据第二栏内容可知，孕妇和哺乳期妇女以及肝脏有问题的人群不宜服用本药品，故可排除A、B和D项；根据第一栏中第二段的内容可知，本药品可降低病人患心脏病的风险。故答案为C项。
答案：C
3．If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should________.
A．change the amount of your next dose
B．eat more when taking your next dose
C．have a dose as soon as you remember
D．take the next dose at your regular time
解析：事实细节题。根据最后一栏Do的最后一点可知，如果漏服一剂药品超过12个小时，按规定时间服用下一剂就可以了，故答案为D项。
答案：D
4．Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor
A．Face swelling. B．Upset stomach.
C．Kidney failure. D．Muscle weakness.
解析：事实细节题。根据第三栏中Some common side effects of LIPITOR are 的内容可知答案为B项。
答案：B
5．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To teach patients ways for quick recovery.
B．To present a report on a scientific research.
C．To show the importance of a good lifestyle.
D．To give information about a kind of medicine.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文概括可知，文章主要介绍了一种降低胆固醇含量的药品，故答案为D项。
答案：D
应用文
Columbus College, 241Queen Elizabeth Drive, Kowloon CityMemoTo: All StaffFrom: Jakie Mok, Secretary; Sports Development CommitteeDate: May 20, 2010A week ago, “Sports for Life” programme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play. Since then, our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it. Here is a memo(备忘录)for your reference when you answer the phones.Sports 1: Basketball.We expect that this will be the most popular of the four sports. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. Students will take a private bus to and from Kwun Tong Sports Park. To cover the cost of hiring a bus, each student will have to pay $10 each time. There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game.Sports 2: GymWe will be using St. Peter’s Memorial Park. There are two reasons for choosing this park. First, it is not very busy and crowded before 6∶00p.m. Second, it has lots of trees with plenty of shade. Students must bring along two bottles of water to prevent thirst. Three activities, skipping, jogging, outdoor aerobics(有氧运动), all of which are free of charge, will be arranged. And there will be a teacher on duty for each of the activities.Sports 3：HikingHiking(远足)will take place at Kowloon Peak. The activitiy will start at 2∶30 p．m. and finish 90 minutes later. Three teachers will accompany the students, and a hiking instructor will accompany each group of 15 hikers. Each instructor will cost $75/hr. Studenty are advised to bring plenty of water and sunscreen.Sports 4: SwimmingThe Kowloon City Aquatic Centre is a 10 minute walk from our school. Four teachers will go to the pool and conduct the goings on from the poolside. We will only be able to reserve the pool for one hour (i. e. 2∶45p.m. to 3∶45p.m.). Only students skilful at swimming can take up this activity. The pool will have two lifeguards present. Girls must wear a swimming suit. The cost is $10 per visit.
(2010·福建卷)
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Students selecting basketball had better register early.
B．Students participating in gym should arrive at 6∶00 p．m.
C．Hiking usually begins at 2∶30 pm and lasts 2 hours.
D．Students having swimming suits can take up swimming.
解析：事实细节题。由Basketball所在栏第二句“...students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible”可知要打篮球的话，要尽快登记，因此A项正确。由Gym所在栏目第三句可知：此处虽然说了6点之前比较空，不拥挤，但没说一定6点前到，故B项有误；由Hiking所在栏第二句可知远足在一个半小时后结束，而不是延续两个小时，故C项有误；由Swimming所在栏目可知只有游泳技术好的人才可以参与游泳，而不是有泳衣的人就可以参加这项活动，故D项有误。
答案：A
2．It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A．students taking part in basketball will walk to the courts
B．every student can gain admission to one of the four sports
C．hiking students can have a regular rest in the shade of trees
D．students taking up the four sports should bring bottles of water
解析：推理判断题。由第一段第一句“...requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play”可知每个孩子应该只能参加四项运动中的一项，因此B项正确。
答案：B
3．It can be concluded that________.
A．each sport will take only an hour
B．students will be charged for the four sports
C．all the sports will take place at Kowloon Peak
D．teachers will accompany students on each sport
解析：推理判断题。由Basketball所在栏目及由Gym所在栏的最后一句可知两项活动均有一位教师陪伴；由Hiking所在栏目第三句可知此项活动有三位教师陪伴；由Swimming所在栏第二句可知此项活动有四位教师陪伴。故得出在每项活动中都有教师陪伴，因此D项正确。
答案：D
4．The purpose of the memo is to________.
A．attract students’ interest in the programme
B．require the parents to select a sport for their child
C．help the staff explain the programme to the parents
D．remind teachers and lifeguards to be present on time
解析：主旨大意题。由第一段最后一句“Here is a memo(备忘录)for your reference when you answer the phones”可知本文的目的是为了帮助职员回答父母对这些活动的询问，故C项正确。
答案：C安徽省巢湖市春晖中学2012届高考英语考前冲刺精品讲义阅读理解类布局体裁
作者谋篇布局，无论其体裁、内容和行文风格如何不同，表现主题的主旨都需要无数个细节支撑，而细节理解题是高考阅读理解题中分量最重的题目，而很多学生或者找不到问题的着眼点，或者是错误理解细节，而导致基础分的丢失。
【例】 Science can’t explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure(血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all round good cheer.
Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people—half of them pet owners—while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed (放松) around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.
A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet and exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about 11 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall—mostly with their dogs—and found it worth doing.(2010·全国Ⅰ卷)
1．We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if________.
A．he has a pet companion
B．he has less stress of work
C．he often does mental arithmetic
D．he is taken care of by his family
解析：事实细节题。第一段说，很多研究表明，有宠物陪伴能提高心脏病恢复的几率。 由此可知A项正确。
答案：A
2．According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks
A．They have lower blood pressure.
B．They become more patient.
C．They are less nervous.
D．They are in higher spirits.
解析：事实细节题。第二段最后一句说，“艾伦说，有宠物陪伴的时候，人们会觉得 更放松，这是因为宠物不会对其主人进行任何评价”，由此判断C项正确，因为有宠 物相伴的时候，人们就会觉得更放松。
答案：C
3．The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that________.
A．people with dogs did more exercise
B．dogs lost the same weight as people did
C．dogs liked exercise much more than people did
D．people without dogs found the program unhelpful
解析：推理判断题。最后一段叙述最新的一项研究：去年秋季的一项研究表明，喂养 宠物能提高你的精神状态，还能有利于你的饮食习惯。从对比研究发现，喂养宠物的 人比不喂养宠物的人减肥的重量不一定多，但是喂养者得到的锻炼更多。
此题是细节理解题，这类题约占全部高考阅读理解的80%，而很多考生是由于对这种 题型有畏难情绪，于是无法合理地找到细节的推理点，有时还会错误地理解个别词句 的内容。
答案：A
【解决方案与复习指南】
(1)常用提问方式：
①In the passage, which of the following is mentioned/Not mentioned
②It is commonly accepted that...
③All the statements are true EXCEPT________.
④Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
⑤The reason for...is that...
⑥How would you describe the end of...
⑦Choose the right order of the events given in the following.
⑧Which of the following maps shows the right position of ...
⑨Which statement is True
⑩What does the writer pay least attention to
(2)解题方法
①平时训练应学会带着问题寻找答案的方法。
②将注意力集中在与who, what, when, where等问题有关的细节或数字方面。
③略读材料，大概了解文章，注意作者表例证的词或短语，如for example, for instance, that is to say, in fact, 等。
④按文章题材，预测到何处找自己需要的事实。
⑤把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节，找到后，放慢速度，细读要查找的内容，特 别注意表因果或转折的词或短语，如because, for, since, as , therefore, and, as a result, but, however, while, though, yet, on the other hand, etc. 如：
When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”. My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her, then there were baths, playing catch and many other games. Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around.
One day, as I was getting her food, she chewed up (咬破) one of Dad’s shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl，” she looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes.
Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet. She went everywhere with us. People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course she’d let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when we’d be out walking and a small child would come over and pull on her hair. She never barked (吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she loved everyone.
Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age. I still miss the days when she was with us.(2010·全国Ⅱ卷)
1．What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family
A．Look at them sadly. B．Keep them company.
C．Play games with them. D．Touch them gently.
解析：事实细节题。根据第一段倒数第二句话．..she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.可知答案为B项。
答案：B
2．We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie__________.
A．would eat anything when hungry
B．felt scary for her mistake
C．loved playing hide and seek
D．disliked the author’s dad
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句，小狗挨骂之后she looked down at the ground...I saw a tear in her tears.可知小狗感到抱歉。故答案为B项。
答案：B
3．Why does the author say that Brownie was more than just a family pet
A．She was treated as a member of the family.
B．She played games with anyone she liked.
C．She was loved by everybody she met.
D．She went everywhere with the family.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段，无论去哪里，都有大人、孩子要求(pet her)，而她也 对所有人友好，可知她受到所有人的喜爱。故答案为C项。
答案：C
4．Some people got frightened by Brownie when she________.
A．smiled B．barked
C．rushed to them D．tried to be funny
解析：事实细节题。根据第三段后半部分关键词(this)得知她微笑时，别人以为她在龅 牙，所以使人害怕。故答案为A项。
答案：A
5．Which of the following best describes Brownie
A．Shy. B．Polite. C．Brave. D．Caring.
解析：推理判断题。shy害羞的；polite有礼貌的；brave勇敢的；caring关心人的， 体贴的。综合全文得知：Brownie是一只乐于助人的、体贴的、善良的小狗。故答案为 D项。
答案：D