中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit
10
I've
had
this
bike
for
three
years.
SectionA
Grammar
focus-4c
导学案
【学习目标】
继续学习与since，for
连用的现在完成时。
2.学会使用带有for或since的现在完成时表达持续性的动作或状态。
【教学重难点】
学会分辨现在完成时中for和since的区别。
2、能熟练运用现在完成时态中延续性动词的用法。
【自主预习】
翻译句子
1.A:那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？
_____
_____
____
you____
that
bike
_______
_______
?
B:我买了它3年了。I've
_____
it
_____
______
______.
2.A:他的儿子拥有那套火车和铁路轨道的玩具多长时间了？
_____
____
_____
his
son
____
the
train
and
railway
set?
B:自从他的4岁生日起，他就拥有它了。He's
______
it
____
his
fourth
birthday.
3.A:你曾经玩过橄榄球吗？_____
you
_____
played
football?
B:是的，我小的时候玩过，但是我现在已经有一段时间不玩了。
Yes,
I
did
____
I
was
little,
but
I
____
_____
____
____
____now.
【合作探究】
1.大声齐读Grammar
Focus,
圈出句中的现在完成时结构。
2.语法探究
现在完成时（Ⅲ）
用法：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，常与“_______+一段时间”或“______+过去的时间点或从句”连用。在这种完成时的肯定句中，谓语动词必须是_________动词（延续性动词/非延续性动词），如果是非延续性动词通常是用相应的________动词来代替。
探究一：观察以下句子总结出现在完成时的特殊疑问句的结构以及询问拥有时间的疑问词。
①A:How
long
have
you
lived
here?你们在这里住了多长时间了？B:Since
2005.
自2005年以来。
②A:How
long
has
he
been
a
soldier?
他参军多长时间了？
B:For
three
years.
三年了。
【归纳】1.现在完成时的特殊疑问句的结构：疑问词+
_______
+主语+
_________
+
其他成分。
2.询问拥有时间的疑问词用__________，意为“________”,强调______(时间/空间）的延续，对一段时间或物体的长度进行提问。在现在完成时中，常对“since+________________”或“for+__________”进行提问。（注意谓语动词必须是延续性动词，如遇到非延续性动词，则要换成对应的延续性动词。）
即学活用：完成课本P80-2练习。
探究二：since、for在现在完成时态中的用法。
①My
uncle
has
worked
here
for
ten
years.
②My
uncle
has
worked
here
since
ten
years
ago.
③My
uncle
has
worked
here
since
2006.[
④My
uncle
has
worked
here
since
he
came
here.
【归纳】在现在完成时态中，
1）for表示时间的持续，后接________(时间段/时间点），指某个动作或情况到现在为止持续了多久。
2）since
意为
________,
作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句。指某个动作或情况从过去某一时间一直持续到现在。有三种用法：
①since
+
__________(时间段/时间点）+
ago（例②）；
②since
+
_________（时间段/时间点）（例③）；
③since
+
________
，since引导的时间状语从句用______________(时态）（例④）
3）for和since二者在句中可以转换
_______
+一段时间=since+________+_______.
即学活用：完成课本P76-4a练习。
探究三：延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换。
观察请观察例句，思考下列句子中的动词有什么共同特点？
①How
long
has
Mary
left?
×
How
long
has
Mary
been
away?
√
②How
long
has
he
borrowed
the
book?
×
How
long
has
he
kept
the
book?
√
③Maria
has
come
back
since
Monday.
×
Maria
has
been
back
since
Monday.
√
④Tony
has
bought
the
computer
for
two
years.
×
Tony
has
had
the
computer
for
two
years.
√
【归纳】
1.与how
long,for或者since搭配使用在现在完成时中的动词
必须是_______________（延续性动词/非延续性动词）。
2）非延续性动词&延续性动词
_________，表示不能延续的动作，这种动词发生后立即结束，所以不能与时间段连用,_________表示能够延续的动作，可以和时间段连用，所以当和时间段连用时，短暂性动词要转换成延续性动词。
常用的短暂性动词及与之对应的延续性动词之间的转换：
become-be
2)
borrow-_____
3)
buy-
______
4)close
-
________
5)
die
-
_______
6)
lose
-
________
7)open
-
be
open
8)
join
-
be
in
9)
leave
-
_______
10)
begin
-
be
on
11)
marry
=_______
12)fall
asleep
-_________
13)
come
back
-_________14)come
/
arrive
/
reach
-
_________
即学活用：完成下列句子以及课本P76-4b练习。
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人教新目标版
八年级下
Section
A
Grammar
Focus-4c
公开课
Unit
10
I’ve
had
this
bike
for
three
years.
1.A:那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？
_____
_____
____
you____
that
bike
_______
_______
?
B:我买了它3年了。
I've
_____
it
_____
______
______.
2.A:他的儿子拥有那套火车和铁路轨道的玩具多长时间了？
_____
____
_____
his
son
____
the
train
and
railway
set?
Warming-up
Fill
in
the
blanks.
How
long
have
had
over
there
had
for
three
years
How
long
has
owned
B:自从他的4岁生日起，他就拥有它了。
He's
______
it
____
his
fourth
birthday.
3.A:你曾经玩过橄榄球吗？
_____
you
_____
played
football?
B:是的，我小的时候玩过，但是我现在已经有一段时间不玩了。
Yes,
I
did
____
I
was
little,
but
I
____
_____
____
____
____now.
owned
since
Have
ever
since
haven’t
played
for
a
while
How
long
have
you
had
that
bike
over
there?
I’ve
had
it
for
three
years.
How
long
has
his
son
owned
the
train
and
railway
set?
He’s
owned
it
since
his
fourth
birthday.
Have
you
ever
played
football?
Yes,
I
did
when
I
was
little,
but
I
haven’t
played
for
a
while
now.
Find
adverbials
of
time
beginning
with
for
and
since.
for+一段时间
for+一段时间
since+过去的时间点
Grammar
Focus
How
long
have
you
had
that
bike
over
there?
I’ve
had
it
for
three
years.
How
long
has
his
son
owned
the
train
and
railway
set?
He’s
owned
it
since
his
fourth
birthday.
Have
you
ever
played
football?
Yes,
I
did
when
I
was
little,
but
I
haven’t
played
for
a
while
now.
用什么疑问词来询问拥有某物品的时间？
询问拥有时间的疑问词用how
long。
How
long
have
you
had
that
bike
over
there?
I’ve
had
it
for
three
years.
How
long
has
his
son
owned
the
train
and
railway
set?
He’s
owned
it
since
his
fourth
birthday.
Have
you
ever
played
football?
Yes,
I
did
when
I
was
little,
but
I
haven’t
played
for
a
while
now.
现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构是什么？
疑问词（不作主语）+have/
has+主语+过去分词+其他成分?
现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语(从句)连用。
现在完成时的“未完成用法”
“未完成”的句式：
（1）现在完成时+for+一段时间
例：我好久没有见到她了。
I
haven’t
seen
her
for
a
long
time.
（2）现在完成时+since+表示过去的时间点
例：自1984年以来，史密斯先生就在这里工作。
Mr.
Smith
has
worked
here
since
1984.
（3）现在完成时+since+从句
例：自上大学以来他学了大约5000个英语单词。
He
has
learned
about
5000
English
words
since
he
went
to
college.
时间状语
1.
for
+一段时间
e.g.
for
8
years
2.
since
+过去的时间点
e.g.
since
1999\
last
spring
3.
since
+
一段时间+
ago
e.g.
since
23
years
ago
4.
since
+
从句（一般过去时态）e.g.
Since
I
was
a
child
He
has
worked
here
for
over
twenty
years.
He
has
learned
about
5,000
English
words
since
he
went
to
college.
She’s
been
at
this
school
since
five
years
ago.
【拓展延伸】含
for
和含
since
的现在完成时的句子有时可互相转换。
我从13年前开始就住在这里。
I’ve
lived
here
since
13
years
ago.
=
I’ve
lived
here
for
13
years.
=
It
has
been
13
years
since
I
began
to
live
here.
思考:
与how
long,
for
或者since搭配使用在现在完成时中的动词有什么共同特点？
How
long
has
Mary
left?
How
long
has
Mary
been
away?
B.
How
long
has
he
borrowed
the
book?
How
long
has
he
kept
the
book?
C.
Maria
has
come
back
since
Monday.
Maria
has
been
back
since
Monday.
D.
Tony
has
bought
the
computer
for
two
years.
Tony
has
had
the
computer
for
two
years.
×
√
×
√
×
√
×
√
“在现在完成时中，与“for
+
时间段”
“since
+
过去的时间点或从句”或
“since
＋时间段＋ago”连用的动词
必须为延续性动词。
动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
延续性动词与非延续性动词
1)延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,也可以表示经验与经历。
Eg:
learn,
work,
stand,
lie,
walk,
sleep,
keep,
wait,
watch,
sing,
read,
stay,
live
…
延续性动可以与for和
since引导的时间状语连用:
(他在这儿住了六年了,一直住在这儿,live是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住)
I
have
known
her
since
then.
(自从那时起我就认识她了,一直都
认识,know是延续性动词)
Eg:
He
has
lived
here
for
6
years
非延线性动词不能与for和since引导的时间状语连用。
He
has
died
for
two
years.
(X)
He
has
been
dead
for
two
years.
(√)
I
have
bought
the
bike
for
2
months.
(X)
I
have
had/owned
the
bike
for
2
months.
(√)
2)非延续性动词:也称终止性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
Eg:
open,
close,
begin,
finish,
come,
go,
move,
borrow,
lend,
buy,
die
…
在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间状语，则句中谓语一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法有：
begin
(start)
(开始)
go
there
(去哪里)
come
back
(回来)
come
here
(来这里)
①将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”
be
on
be
there
be
back
be
here
open
close
die
marry
finish
go
to
bed
leave
be
open
be
closed
be
dead
be
married
be
over
be
in
be
away
return
get
out
fall
asleep
lose
fall
ill
get
(arrive,
reach)
join
(become)
be
back
be
out
be
asleep
be
lost
be
ill
be
in
/
at
be
in
/
be
a
member
of
②有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词：
borrow
→
keep(借)
become
→
be
(成为)
receive
→
have
(收到)
go
to
sleep
→
sleep
(睡觉)
(穿)
put
on
(认识)
get
to
know
(买)
buy
(感冒)
catch
a
cold
wear
/
be
on
know
have
(own)
have
a
cold
练一练
Becky
(has
been,
has
become)
a
doctor
for
ten
years.
She
likes
her
job
very
much.
2)
We
are
late.
The
movie
(has
started,
has
been
on)
for
ten
minutes.
3)
Ken,
you
should
return
the
book
to
the
library.
You______________
(have
borrowed,
have
kept)
it
for
more
than
two
weeks.
4)
I
(have
bought,
have
had)
this
bike
since
I
was
ten,
so
I
want
to
buy
a
new
one.
has
been
has
been
on
have
kept
have
had
1.
Jim
is
in
Japan.
He
arrived
there
three
days
ago.
____________________________________________
2.
They
are
very
hungry.
Their
last
meal
was
ten
hours
ago.
____________________________________________
3.I
have
a
camera.
I
bought
it
in
2009.
____________________________________________
Rewrite
the
sentences
using
for
or
since.
4a
Jim
has
been
in
Japan
for
three
days.
They
have
not
eaten
for
ten
hours.
I
have
had
a
camera
since
2009.
一直待在日本
Can
we
say:
They
have
been
hungry
for
ten
hours?
4.
I
know
Anna.
I
first
met
her
three
years
ago.
________________________________________________
5.
Linda
is
ill.
She
became
ill
on
Monday.
________________________________________________
I
have
known
Anna
for
three
years.
Linda
has
been
ill
since
Monday.
have
been
in
+
地点名词，常与时间段连用，表示“待在某地（多长时间）”。当
have
been
in
后面接地点副词时，省略
in。
—
How
long
have
you
been
in
China?
—
I
have
been
here
since
six
years
ago.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
correct
forms
of
the
words
in
brackets.
4b
I
_______________
(never
be)
to
the
water
park
before.
I
want
to
_______
(go)
next
month
before
the
weather
gets
too
cold.
They
________________
(never
own)
any
pets,
but
they
___________________
(always
want)
to
have
a
dog.
We
____________
(have)
a
piano
since
last
November.
We
________________
(buy)
it
from
the
Li
family
when
they
moved
to
the
US
last
year.
have
never
been
Tip:
Find
the
key
words
to
identify
which
form
to
use.
go
have
never
owned
have
always
wanted
have
had
bought
Cathy
and
Amy
__________________
(not
be)
back
to
their
hometown
for
two
years.
They
___________
(miss)
their
hometown
a
lot
and
hope
to
visit
the
place
next
year.
This
museum
_____________
(be)
here
for
over
20
years.
It
______
(be)
one
of
the
oldest
buildings
in
this
small
town.
have
not/haven’t
been
miss
has
been
is
n.
家乡；故乡
Fill
in
the
questions
and
ask
two
students.
Then
complete
the
chart.
4c
Things
How
long
Tony
favorite
book
for
two
years
basketball
since
he
was
10
years
old
Student
1
Student
2
1.
Do
you
have
a(n)
__________?
How
long
have
you
had
it?
2.
Do
you
own
a(n)
__________?
How
long
have
you
owned
it?
Any
difference
between
the
two
questions?
Groupwork
1.
Work
in
groups
of
four.
2.
Take
turns
to
ask
others
questions
and
write
down
their
answers.
3.
If
your
answer
to
the
question
is
negative,
you
should
provide
an
alternative
answer.
4.
Report
to
class.
Tips:
谢谢
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