高中英语-五种基本句型练习 课件（31张ppt）

(共31张PPT)
基本句型汉译英练习????
主谓结构（S十V）
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,
常用来表示主语的动作。如：The
sun
rises.
主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The
red
sun
rises.
谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，The
red
sun
rises
in
the
east
翻译练习:
1.你应当努力学习。
2.她昨天回家很晚。
3.那天早上我们谈了很多。
4.会议将持续两个小时。
5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
7.1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动The
May
Fourth
Movement
。
8.每天八时开始上课。
9.这个盒子重五公斤。
10.五年前我住在北京。
11.爱丽丝Alice很会游泳。
12.约翰John的父亲昨晚去世了。
13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。
14.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。
15.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
Check
the
answers:
1.
You
should
study
hard.
2.
She
went
home
very
late
yesterday
evening.
3.
That
morning
we
talked
a
great
deal.
4.
The
meeting
will
last
two
hours.
5.
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
my
home
town
in
the
past
ten
years.
6.
Things
of
that
sort
are
happening
all
over
the
world
every
day.
7.
The
May
Fourth
Movement
broke
out
in
Beijing
in
1919.
8.
Classes
begin
at
eight
every
day.
9.
This
box
weighs
five
kilos.
10.
I
lived
in
Beijing
five
years
ago.
11.
Alice
swims
very
well.
12.
John’s
father
died
last
night.
13.
In
autumn,
some
birds
fly
to
the
south.
14.
My
grandfather
gets
up
early
in
the
morning.
15.
Every
afternoon
a
lot
of
students
come
to
the
library
to
borrow
books.
2．S十V十O主谓宾结构
此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语构成。在此句式中V代表及物动词或及物动词词组(vt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
（名词，名词短语或代词）例如：
eg:
I?saw?a?film?.译：我看了一部电影。?
（I是主语，saw是谓语，a
film宾语）
eg:
They?took?good?care?of?the?children
译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。
(they是主语
,took
good
care
of是谓语,其中took是take的过去式，the
children是宾语)
说明：
???
此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组,分两种情况:
1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词即变成及物动词词组
1.动词+副词：get
in(收割),hand
in（提交，交进）
动词+介词：persist
in(坚持)，succeed
in
(在…成功)
2.动词+副词：如，turn
on(开),move
on（走开）,
pass
on（传递）,
put
on（穿上）,
have
on（穿着）.
动词+介词：work
on（从事于…）,
operate
on（在…上动手术）,
agree
on（同意）get
on（上车，上船）,ride
on（骑上）
有的含有介词
at,
for,
from,
into,
of,
with,
to
等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如，look
after（照顾）,
look
at（瞧）,
look
for（寻找）,
belong
to（属于）,
refer
to（参考，提及）,
think
of（考虑，评价）,
send
for（派人去请）,
care
for（喜欢）,suffer
from（受…之苦）,
deal
with(对付，应付),
object
to（反对）,
pay
for（付…的钱）,等
。
总结：动+副构成的短语动词，宾语是名词可以置中或置后，宾语是代词只能置中
1.含有away,
out,
forward,
up
等副词的动副词组是可拆分的。如，
They
carried
out
the
plan
successfully.我们还可以说，?
They
carried
the
plan
out
successfully.
但我们只说??
As
the
plan
was
practical,
they
carried
it
out
successfully.
动副词组都可以这样用，如，point
out（指出）,
carry
out（执行）,
put
forward（提出）,
work
out（做出，算出）,
find
out（找出）,
give
up（放弃）,
give
away（赠送，分发）,pick
up（拣起）,
put
up（挂上）,
等。
Exercise
practice
1.昨晚我写了一封信。
I
wrote
a
letter
last
night.
2.这本书他读过多次了。
He
has
read
this
book
many
times.
3.他们成功地完成了计划。(carry
out)
They
have
carried
out
the
plan
successfully.
4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finish
doing)
You
must
finish
reading
these
books
in
two
weeks.
5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
That
gentlemen
can
speak
three
languages
fluently.
6.我开窗户你在意吗？
Do
you
mind
my
opening
the
window?
7.Jim
还不会自己穿衣服。(dress
oneself)
Jim
cannot
dress
himself.
8.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。
I
received
a
letter
from
my
pen
friend
in
Australia.
9.我们大家都相信Jack
是一个诚实男孩。
All
of
us
believe
that
Jack
is
an
honest
boy.
10.他不知道说什麽好。
He
did
not
know
what
to
say.
11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。(take
a
bath)
He
takes
a
cold
bath
every
morning.
12.他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。
(sing
praise
for)
They
sang
high
praise
for
the
deeds
of
the
hero.
翻译练习
我不信任那个人。（believe
in)
他指出了我的作文中的错误。
(point
out)
圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call
on
)
你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand
in)
五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work
out)
这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take
good
care
of)
你在工作中可依靠他。(depend
on)
沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。
(give
off)
写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go
over)
脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(take
off)
人们会把她找出来的。(find
out)
我们必须派人去请医生
(send
for)
我不信任那个人。（believe
in)
他指出了我的作文中的错误。
(point
out)
圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call
on
)
你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand
in)
五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work
out)
I
don’t
believe
in(介)
that
man.
He
pointed
out（副）
the
mistakes
in
my
composition.
On
Christmas
Day,
we
will
call
on（介）our
foreign
teachers.
You
must
hand
in（副）
your
exercise-books
after
class.
We
cannot
work
out（副）
the
problem
in
five
minutes.
Check
the
answers
这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take
good
care
of)
你在工作中可依靠他。(depend
on)
沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。
(give
off)
写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go
over)
脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(take
off,
put
on)
人们会把她找出来的。(find
out)
我们必须派人去请医生
(send
for)
The
nurse
will
take
good
care
of
your
father.
You
can
depend
on（介）
him
in
your
work.
Boiling
water
gives
off（副）
steam.
After
writing
a
composition,
we
must
go
over（介）it.
Take
off
your
coat
and
put
it
on（副）
before
you
leave.
People
will
find
her
out（副）.
We
must
send
for（介）
a
doctor
3.S十V十P主系表结构
说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。
P一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的短语，V是系动词,常见的系动词有
（1）表示特征和存在状态的
be,
seem,
feel,
appear,
look,
smell,
taste,
sound.
（2）表示状态延续的
remain,
stay,
keep,
continue,
stand.
（3）表示状态变化的
become,
get,
turn,
go,
run,
fall,
come,
grow.
eg:
He?is?handsome．译：他长得帅。
(he做主语，is是系动词，handsome是形容词，做表语)
eg:
He?is
a
clever
boy。
译：他是一个聪明的男孩
（he是主语，is
是系动词，a
clever
boy是名词短语〔不定冠词a/an
+
形容词＋名词单数〕，做表语）
eg:
The?desk?feels?hard．译：书桌摸起来很硬。
(The
desk是主语，feel是系动词，hard是形容词)
翻译练习：
我的兄弟都是大学生。
冬季白天短，夜晚长。
布朗夫人看起来很健康。
十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
孩子们，请保持安静。
My
brothers
are
all
college
students.
In
winter,
the
days
are
short
and
the
nights
are
long.
Mrs
Brown
looks
very
healthy.
At
the
age
of
fifteen
he
became
a
famous
pianist.
Children,
keep
quiet
please.
这本书是有关美国历史的书。
她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
他失业了。
树叶已经变黄了。
这个报告听起来很有意思。
This
book
is
about
the
history
of
the
United
States.
Her
job
is
to
look
after
the
children
in
the
nursery.
He
is
out
of
work.
The
leaves
have
turned
yellow.
The
report
sounds
interesting.
4.S十V十O十C?主谓宾补结构?
说明:
此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，?还需要一个名词，形容词，副词,?动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。
宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如，
???
The
sun
keeps
us
warm.
I
heard
him
singing.
You
must
get
your
hair
cut.
We?elected?Li?Yang?our?monitor.
The?news?made?us?sad.?
She?saw?the?thief?steal?into?the?shop?.
The?teacher?asked?me?to?answer?the?question?.
I?found?the?man?stealing?the?money?.
I?found?my?money?stolen?.
用
it
做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足
的后面，是英语常用句型.即
主语
+
谓语
+
it
+
宾补
+
真正宾语
如，
I
found
it
very
pleasant
to
be
with
your
family.
特别提醒
??A.?现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间
是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与
过去分词之间是被动关系。
We
saw
the
thief
caught
by
the
police.
People
found
the
water
polluted.
I
heard
the
girl
singing
in
the
classroom.
I
noticed
a
long
queue
outside
the
bank
waiting
for
it
to
open.
The
next
morning
she
found
the
man
lying
in
bed,
dead.
I
often
hear
this
song
sung
in
the
street.
B.?在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen?to?(倾听)，look?at?(看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，?则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，?则要带”to”.
e.g
The?teacher?asked?me?to?answer?the?question.
We?hear?her?sing?next?door.
She?is?heard?to?sing?next?door.
翻译练习：
我们叫她Alice.
他的父母给他取名为John.
我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
他们把门推开了。
他们把小偷释放了。
We
call
her
Alice.
His
parents
named
him
John.
All
of
us
considered
him
honest.
They
pushed
the
door
open.
They
have
set
the
thief
free.
我们要使学校变得更美丽。
他请我们参加做游戏。
我要你把真相告诉我。
卫兵命令我们立即离开。
明天我要找人来修理机器。
We
will
make
our
school
more
beautiful.
He
asked
us
to
join
in
the
game.
I
want
you
to
tell
me
the
truth.
The
guards
ordered
us
to
leave
at
once.
Tomorrow
I’ll
have
someone
repair
the
machine.
痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
他每个月理一次发。
我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。
那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
The
pain
made
him
cry
out.
We
won’t
let
her
go
out
at
night.
He
has
his
hair
cut
once
a
month.
I’ll
get
my
recorder
mended.
The
terrible
sound
made
the
children
frightened.
她正在听人家讲故事。
男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。
我从来没看见这个字这样用过。
他感到很难跟你交谈。
She
is
listening
to
someone
telling
stories.
The
boys
were
watching
the
soldiers
drilling.
I
have
never
seen
the
word
used
that
way
before.
He
felt
it
very
difficult
to
talk
with
you.
我想乘船去那里更舒服些。
我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。
我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
I
think
it
more
comfortable
to
go
there
by
ship.
I
consider
it
possible
to
work
out
the
problem
in
another
way.
The
school
made
it
a
rule
that
the
students
should
stand
up
when
class
begins.
I
thought
it
no
use
talking
with
that
man
5.S十V十O1十O2?主谓双宾结构
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get等。
eg:
He?gave?me?a?book.(he
是主语gave是谓语动词，是give
的过去式，me是间宾，a
book是直宾)===
He?gave
a?book?to?me．
译：他给我一本书。
eg:
He?brought?me?a?pen.===He?brought
a?pen?to?me．（brought是bring的过去式,译为“带来”）
译：他带给我一枝钢笔。
eg:
Mother?bought?me?a?book===
Mother?bought
a?book?for?me.
（bought是buy的过去式）
译：妈妈给我买了一本书。
?
说明：
此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，
He
brings
me
cookies
every
day.
She
made
me
a
beautiful
dress.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，He
brings
cookies
to
me
every
day.
She
made
a
beautiful
dress
for
me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for
侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：
（需借助to的）bring,
give,
lend,
hand,
offer,
pass,
pay,
promise,?return,
send,
show,
teach,
tell,
write,
ask,等。
（需借助for
的）
buy,
call,
cook,
choose,
draw,
find,
get,
make,
order,?sing,
save,
spare,等。
翻译练习：
1.Johnson
先生去年教我们德语。
?2.
奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
?3.
Mary把钱包交给校长了。
?4.
请把那本字典递给我好吗？
?5.
他把车票给列车员看。
?6.
这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了
Mr
Johnson
taught
us
German
last
year.
Grandma
told
me
an
interesting
story
last
night.
Mary
handed
the
wallet
to
the
schoolmaster.
Would
you
please
pass
me
the
dictionary?
He
showed
the
ticket
to
the
conductor.
This
term
I
have
written
three
letters
to
my
parents.
7.
我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。
?8.
Robinson
Crusoe
给自己做了一只小船。
?9.
请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？
10.
我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
11.
新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。
My
father
has
bought
me
a
new
bike.
Robinson
Crusoe
made
himself
a
boat.
Will
you
please
get
me
a
new
copy?
Shall
I
call
you
a
taxi?
The
new
machine
will
save
you
a
lot
of
labour