中考英语复习---主谓一致及练习

滨湖中学 专项复习-----主谓一致
复习目标：
1 复习主谓一致的定义；
2，复习巩固主谓一致遵循的原则和用法
二、复习过程：
主谓一致的定义：在英语句子中，大部分主语都是名词或代词。名词的单复数形式直接影响着谓语动词的形式，也就是说，谓语动词的单复数形式要和主语保持一致，这种谓语在人称和数方面与主语的一致就叫主谓一致。
例如，Tom does his homework on time every day.
They are good at playing the guitar.
(二)，主谓一致遵循的三项原则：
1 语法一致原则：谓语动词要和它的主语在语法形式上取得一致，即单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。
China _______(be) a big country with a long history.
All the students________(love) their math teacher.
2 意义一致原则：谓语动词的单数或复数要取决于主语表达的意义，而不是形式。
No news ________(be) good news.
The family _______(be) talking about the news.
3 邻近一致原则：谓语动词的数要与它最邻近的名词的数保持一致。
Not only his parents but also his brother _______(go) to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.
(三) 用法：单一主语的主谓一致
1 一般情况下，主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用单数形式。
He _______(like ) playing football.
2 表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织等专有名词作主语，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
The United States ______(lie) in North America.
The New York Times ________(read) all over the United States.
3 以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，如news,　maths,　physics,　plastics等。
Maths　 ______(be) very popular in our class.
Plastics ______(be) a kind of matter.
4 表示时间、距离、重量、长度、价值等复数名词作主语表示整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Ten days ______(be) enough for us to do the work.
Eighty dollars ______(be) a little expensive to buy a coat.
5 一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers, glasses, shoes等作主语时，谓语部分用复数形式，若前面由kind of, pair of, glass of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词应与等的形式一致。
The shoes _______(be) his elder brother’s.
This pair of shoes _______(be) his elder brother’s.
There _______(be) two glasses of water on the table.
There _______(be) many kinds of flowers in the garden.
6 代词something, anything, nothing, everyone, anybody, nobody, each, neither, either, little, much, one 做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Neither of the books ______(be) mine.
Each of them _______(have) an English dictionary.
One of the students __________(have not ) gone to Shanghai.
7非谓语动词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Playing computer games_______(be) my favourite.
What you said _______(be) wrong.
8 people, police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
People here _______(be) very friendly.
The police ________(be) running after a thief yesterday.
9 有些形容词前面加上定冠词the，如 the poor, the rich, the old, the young, the blind等用来表示一类人时，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数。
The blind ______(be) in great need of help.
The rich ______(be) for the plan, but the poor ______(be) against it.
10 family, class, team, group等集体名词做主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
My family ______(be) a large one.
My family all ________(like) playing computer games.
11由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of a number of+名词或分数+名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据名词的单复数而定。
A lot of students _______(be) waiting outside.
Three fifths of the water _______(be) dirty.
One third of the class _______(come) from country.
注：The number of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of the students in our school _______(be) over one thousand.
并列主语的主谓一致
1 两个或两个以上的单数名词用and 连接起来做主语时，谓语动词用以下三种情况：
（1）当两个并列主语不是同一事物时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The boy and the girl _______(come) from Japan.
Both Lily and Lucy _______(invite) to the party yesterday.
（2）当这两个名词是同一个人或事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher and writer ______(be) my friend.
（3）当and 连接的两个主语被each, every或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl _______(have) the right to education.
Every teacher and every student ______(need) dictionaries.
2由either, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等词连接并列主语时，谓语动词常和最接近的主语保持人称和数一致。
Neither you nor LI Hua_______(have) been to Beijing before.
Is he or you ______(be) wrong.
3 名词后跟as well as, with , together with, but, besides, except, like, including, along with 等引导的短语时， 后面的谓语动词的数与前面的名词保持一致。
The teacher as well as the students _______(like) the drawing.
My father, together with his friends, ______(be) going to visit the Great Wall.
Everyone except Tom and John _______(be) there when the meeting began.
There be 结构的谓语
There be结构中的是谓语动词， 它在人称和数上应和其后的主语保持一致，即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is；主语是复数用are.
There _____a picture on the wall.
There _____ some meat on the plate.
There ______some people in the hall.
若be后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，be动词应采取“邻近原则”，即应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。
There _____an apple and some oranges in the basket.
There be结构常见时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等，其时态的变化都是be动词来完成和体现的。
时态 谓语动词 例句
一般现在时 are\is There are two girls in the room.
一般过去时 were\was There was a bike under the tree just now.
一般将来时 will be\is(are) going to be There will______ (be\have) a meeting tomorrow morning.There are going to ______(be\have) two football matches this afternoon.
现在完成时 have(has) been There______( have\has) been great changes in my hometown.
注：There be 结构还可以和情态动词连用，表示推测。
There must be no one in the room.
达标练习
一 选择
1 I think both of them_______ is \are) good works.
2 Thirty-five dollars_________(is\are) too much for this sweater.
3 This pair of glasses_______(is\are) not Mr. Brown’s.
4 Neither I nor classmate _______(has\have) seen the new TV play.
5 I think maths ________(is\are) too difficult for the little boy.
6 Mrs. Smith with her two daughters _________(watch\watches) TV every day.
7 Nothing ________(is\are) different from what we thought.
8 The PRC_________(was\were) founded in 1949.
9 There _______(is\are) some milk in the glass.
10 There ________(is\are) several knives and an eraser in the pencil-box.
二 改错
1 The population of the town are more than one million.
2 The headmaster with three teachers have gone to Guangzhou.
3 This pair of trousers on the bed are new.
4 Neither he nor I are a doctor.
5 We usually have seven lessons a day ,and each of them last forty-five minutes.
6 The old is taken good care of .
8. There are two boys swim in the lake.
三．挑战中考
1.Both Lily and Lucy ___________ to the party yesterday.
A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D.were invited
2. Everyone except Tom and John __________ there when the meeting began.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
3. Henry, with his friends ,__________volleyball every Saturday afternoon.
A. play B. plays C. has played D. have played
4. _________ the books in our library ________ about 20,000.
A. The number of ; are B. A number of; is C. The number of; is D.A number of; are
5.There ______ some children playing on the playground.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
6. There ___________ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have
7.Do you know how many sheep ________ in Australia
A. is there B. there is C. are there D. there are
8. Either of the two books ___________ for you . You can choose one.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
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