(共22张PPT)
单元总结
重点词汇
1.aid
n.&
vt.
?
first
aid(对伤患者的)急救 with
the
aid
of
sb.=with
one’s
aid在某人的帮助下 in
aid
of用以援助,作为援助……之用
aid
sb.to
do
sth.=aid
sb.in
(doing)
sth.帮助某人做某事 aid
sb.with
sth.在某方面帮助某人
例如:My
uncle
aided
me
(继续我的学习).?
2.fall
ill (侧重动作)?
be
ill生病(侧重状态),可以与短时间连用;fall
ill不能与一段时间连用
例如:His
wife
suddenly
(生病)
last
week.?
帮助,援助,资助
to
continue
my
study/in
continuing
my
study
生病
fell
ill
3.in
place
?
out
of
place在不适当的位置,不恰当;take
place发生;take
the
place
of=be
in
one’s
place代替
例如:You’d
better
put
everything
(在适当的位置).?
4.a
number
of
;
the
number
of
?
例如: (许多学生)
like
the
English
teacher
and
(学生的数目)
is
increasing.?
在适当的位置,适当
in
place
若干,许多
A
number
of
students
……的数目
the
number
of
the
students
5.apply
vt. vi. ?
apply
(to
sb.)
for
sth.(向某人)申请得到某物 apply...to...把……应用于……
application
n.申请;applicant
n.申请人;applied
adj.实用的
例如:He
decided
to
(把这项技术应用于农业).?
涂,敷,搽,应用,运用
申请,请求,使用,有效
apply
this
technology
to
agriculture
重点句型
1.So
,if
your
skin
gets
burned
it
can
be
very
serious.?
因此,你可以想象到,如果你的皮肤烧伤了,就可能非常严重。
2.You
can
by
a
variety
of
things:hot
liquids,steam,fire,radiation
(by
being
close
to
high
heat
or
fire,etc),the
sun,electricity
or
chemicals.?
你可能由于各种原因而被烧伤:灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或大火等)、阳光、电或化学物品。
3.
the
bandage
with
tape.用胶布把绷带固定。?
as
you
can
imagine
get
burned
Hold
in
place
4. John’s
quick
action
and
knowledge
of
first
aid
saved
Ms.Slade’s
life.?
正是约翰快捷的反应和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。
5.
John’s
quick
thinking
and
the
first
aid
skills
he
learned
at
school
saved
Ms.Slade’s
life.?
毫无疑问,是约翰逊敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的命。
It
was
that
There
is
no
doubt
that
重点语法
省略
1.When
it
was
published,the
novel
was
popular
with
the
readers.(改为省略形式)
When
,the
novel
was
popular
with
the
readers.?
2.Anything
I
can
do
for
you?(把该句省略的部分补充出来)
there
anything
I
can
do
for
you??
published
Is
功能
Giving
instructions(指示)
1.Now
listen
carefully...(现在仔细听……)
2.Follow
these
instructions.(按照这些指示做。)
3.Don’t...because...(不要做……,因为……)
4.Take
care
to...(小心……)
5.Be
careful
(not)
to...(小心<不>……)
6.Watch
out
for...(当心……)
7.Look
out
for...and...(当心……和……)
8.Make
sure
that...(务必……)
9.If
it
is...go
to
the
hospital.(如果……要去医院。)
10.Mind
you
do/don’t...(注意你做/不做……)
11.Never...(绝不要……)
阅读理解之细节理解解题技巧
一、速读文章,定位题干信息
首先,认真阅读题干,根据关键词明确答题方向;然后速读文章寻找题干内容,要有重点地、有针对性地阅读,冗余无效的信息可以略读甚至不读。最后,仔细比较所给选项,与原文信息对应,锁定正确选项。
【例1】
Cherry
Blossom
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,D.C.
Duration:3
hours
This
small
group
bike
tour
is
a
fantastic
way
to
see
the
world-famous
cherry
trees
with
beautiful
flowers
of
Washington,D.C.Your
guide
will
provide
a
history
lesson
about
the
trees
and
the
famous
monuments
where
they
blossom.Reserve
your
spot
before
availability—and
the
cherry
blossoms—disappear!
21.Which
tour
do
you
need
to
book
in
advance?
A.Cherry
Blossom
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,D.C.
B.Washington
Capital
Monuments
Bicycle
Tour.
C.Capital
City
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,D.C.
D.Washington
Capital
Sites
at
Night
Bicycle
Tour.
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。根据Cherry
Blossom
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,D.C.中的“Reserve
your
spot
before
availability—and
the
cherry
blossoms—disappear!”可知,华盛顿特区的樱花自行车之旅需要提前预订。
二、转换选项语义,找准关键词
间接信息题不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息,而且还要将获取的信息用同义或者近义的语言形式进行复述或者转换。首先,阅读题干,有针对性地扫读原文,锁定相关词句等信息。准确理解每个选项的意思,寻找与原文信息相关的同义、近义或者反义的词或者短语,有时候选项通过转变词性和结构来表达原文信息,需要仔细比对选项和原文信息,选择最佳选项。
【例2】
No
statistics
show
the
number
of
grandparents
like
Garza
who
are
moving
closer
to
adult
children
and
grandchildren.Yet
there
is
evidence
suggesting
that
the
trend
is
growing.Even
President
Obama’s
mother-in-law,Marian
Robinson,has
agreed
to
leave
Chicago
and
move
into
the
White
House
to
help
care
for
her
granddaughters.According
to
a
study
by
,83
percent
of
the
people
said
Mrs.Robinson’s
decision
will
influence
grandparents
in
the
American
family.Two-thirds
believe
more
families
will
follow
the
example
of
Obama’s
family.
26.What
was
the
reaction
of
the
public
to
Mrs.Robinson’s
decision?
A.17%
expressed
their
support
for
it.
B.Few
people
responded
sympathetically.
C.83%
believed
it
had
a
bad
influence.
D.The
majority
thought
it
was
a
trend.
答案:D
解析:题干中的关键词是
Mrs.Robinson’s
decision。用Mrs.Robinson’s
decision寻读,在文中找到信息源:“...83
percent
of
the
people
said
Mrs.Robinson’s
decision
will
influence
grandparents
in
the
American
family.Two-thirds
believe
more
families
will
follow
the
example
of
Obama’s
family.”根据最后一句内容可推断出,三分之二的人认为会有更多的家庭仿效Mrs.Robinson的做法;D项的意思是:“大多数人认为老人搬到成年的子女身边和子女共同生活是一种社会发展趋势”。选项中的a
trend也是非常重要的关键词与原文的more
families
will
follow相匹配。故D项是原文的同义替换。
三、定位信息段落,分析整合归纳
考生要从文段中获得回答细节理解题的具体信息,可以直接找到包含所需信息的段落,迅速划定关键词语,然后重点理解。对于离散型的细节理解或者数字运算题,需要找到与之相关的事实或者数据,对其进行分析整合。注意根据文段结构和写作顺序,有针对性地寻读,迅速锁定相关内容。如:
【例3】
...
When
a
secretary
in
my
office
first
called
him
“motorhead”,I
was
shocked.“Hey,he’s
a
good
kid,”
I
wanted
to
say.“And
smart,really.”
...
These
kids
are
happiest
when
doing
repairs.They
joke
and
laugh
and
are
living
in
their
own
relaxed
world.And
their
minds
are
bright
despite
their
dirty
hands
and
clothes.
I
have
learned
a
lot
from
my
motorhead:publishers
need
printers,engineers
need
mechanics,and
architects
need
builders.Most
important,I
have
learned
that
fathers
don’t
need
clones
in
footsteps
or
anywhere
else.
My
son
may
never
make
the
school
honor
roll.But
he
made
mine.
44.In
the
author’s
eyes,motorheads
are
.?
A.tidy
and
hardworking
B.cheerful
and
smart
C.lazy
but
bright
D.relaxed
but
rude
答案:B
解析:题干中的关键词motorheads。扫视全文结构就可以看出此题答案分散在第四段和倒数第三段。根据第四段的“And
smart,really.”和倒数第三段第二句“They
joke
and
laugh
and
are
living
in
their
own
relaxed
world.”以及第三句“And
their
minds
are
bright...”可知,作者认为这些孩子们在工作的时候非常快乐,同时他们也非常聪明。原文的cheerful,smart,bright与题干中的cheerful
and
smart相呼应。
语篇导读:1666年9月2日凌晨,伦敦市布丁巷一间面包店失火,由于当时所建房屋大多为木质结构,导致满城大火持续燃烧了4天,著名的圣保罗大教堂也在火灾中被毁,火灾造成重大人员伤亡和经济损失,数万人无家可归。
It
was
1
am
on
Sunday
2
September,1666.London
was
sleeping.In
a
small
bakery
in
Pudding
Lane,Thomas
Farriner
and
his
workers
were
busily
making
bread
for
the
coming
day
when,suddenly,a
fire
broke
out.
In
the
bakery,a
worker
didn’t
look
after
the
ovens
properly.They
got
too
hot
and
sparks
from
the
fire
began
to
fly.The
blaze①
spread
swiftly②
after
the
sparks
fell
on
hay
in
the
yard
of
an
inn
next
door.
The
weather
that
year
had
been
very
hot.It
hadn’t
rained
for
months.A
strong
wind
was
blowing
from
the
east.The
situation
provided
the
perfect
conditions
for
flames
to
spread
quickly.What
followed
was
one
of
the
biggest
disasters
of
the
17th
century
world.?
The
fire
spread
quickly,but
it
was
also
very
difficult
to
fight.It
started
in
a
poor
area
of
the
city,where
houses
were
built
very
close
to
one
another.As
the
disaster
happened,people
lost
their
head.
Some
had
to
break
their
doors
down
to
get
out
of
their
homes.The
streets
were
blocked
with
people
and
with
things
that
had
fallen
from
houses.Many
people
were
carrying
their
most
important
things
and
were
trying
to
run
away
from
flames
and
the
smoke.They
cried
out
in
fear.Some
left
the
city
on
boats.Others
simply
jumped
into
the
river
to
save
themselves.?
The
fire
had
been
burning
almost
four
days
when
the
Duke
of
York
put
a
plan
into
action.His
soldiers
knocked
down
a
large
storehouse
full
of
paper.This
created
a
“fire
break”
that
flames
could
not
jump
over.At
about
this
time,the
wind
also
changed
direction,driving
the
fire
back
into
itself.
At
last,the
flames
died
down
enough
to
be
controlled.?
Amazingly,only
six
people
were
definitely③
known
to
have
died
in
the
flames.However,historians
suspect
the
true
death
toll④
was
much
higher.Though
casualties⑤
were
light,thousands
were
financially
ruined.At
least
13,000
houses—80
percent
of
the
city’s
buildings—had
been
destroyed.Thousands
of
people
had
lost
everything
they
owned.Many
Londoners
moved
away
from
their
city
and
never
returned.
词海拾贝
①blaze[bleIz]
n.火焰,烈火
v.燃烧
②swiftly
[?swIftlI]
ad.很快地,即刻
③definitely
[?defInItlI]
adv.明确地,确切地,肯定地
④toll[t??l]
n.代价
⑤casualty
[?k??u?ltI]
n.伤亡者
典句欣赏
①What
followed
was
one
of
the
biggest
disasters
of
the
17th
century
world.
紧接着发生的就是17世纪全世界最大的灾难之一。
②As
the
disaster
happened,people
lost
their
head.
灾难发生的时候,人们丧失了理智。
③At
about
this
time,the
wind
also
changed
direction,driving
the
fire
back
into
itself.
在这个时候,风转了向,使得火苗刮向了它自己。(共6张PPT)
Section
Ⅳ Writing
如何写新闻报道类文章
新闻写作由于记者写作风格不同,文体结构无定格。但大体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成,因此要写好这类文章,就要抓好以下几方面:
标题(headline):浓缩概括全文的中心问题。用来说明消息内容,通常以醒目的文字出现在消息之上的简短文字,能简明扼要地向读者揭示新闻的主要内容,使其在最短的时间内获取最多的信息。
导语(lead
or
introduction):通常为文章的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事实。它是新闻文体区别于其他文体的特有概念。
正文(body):在导语的基础上,引入更多的与主题相关的事实,使之更加翔实、具体,并展开评论,进而得出结论。
优化文章结构:尽量做到详略得当、层次分明、条理清晰。
1.There
are
two
pieces
of
breathtaking
news
that
happened
this
week.
以下是本周两条激动人心的消息。
2.A
group
of
students
from
a
British
school
came
to
our
school
for
an
exchange
visit
on
July
1.
7月1日一个英国学生访问团对我校进行了交流访问。
3.In
the
morning
they
had
a
nice
talk
with
some
student
representatives
from
our
school.
上午他们和来自我们学校的学生代表们进行了友好的座谈。
4.Details
of
what
happened
are
still
unclear.
事件的详情仍不清楚。
5.Witness
said
that...
目击者说……
6.We
must
sing
high
praise
for
the
good
deeds.
对于这些好的行为,我们必须高度赞扬。
7.In
our
survey,we
interviewed...
在调查中,我们采访了……
8.It
is
important
for
us
to
solve
the
problem.
对我们来说解决这个问题非常重要。
9.It
was
not
immediately
clear
whether...
目前尚不清楚是否……
10.Further
details
will
be
reported
when
it
becomes
available.
更多详情有待随时报道。
2019年7月1日,来自英国某中学的学生访问团来你校进行了访问交流。假定你是学校英语报记者,请写一篇短文,报道此次活动。内容包括:
1.上午与你校学生代表就校园生活、文化差异等话题进行座谈;
2.中午与你校学生共进中餐;
3.下午观看你校学生的文艺表演。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
A
group
of
students
from
a
British
school
came
to
our
school
for
an
exchange
visit
on
July
1,2019.
In
the
morning
they
had
a
nice
talk
with
some
student
representatives
from
our
school.The
topics
included
campus
life,culture
differences,and
so
on.
Then
they
had
a
traditional
Chinese
dinner
with
us.They
were
offered
some
typical
food
like
Mapo
Tofu,Boiled
Beef,noodles
and
dumplings.In
the
afternoon,they
watched
a
fine
performance
given
by
our
students,such
as
dance,singing,magic
show
and
classical
drama.
The
activity
was
really
good
for
us
and
all
the
people
learned
a
lot
from
it.(共33张PPT)
Section
Ⅲ Grammar
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.The
rescuers
sent
the
(injure)to
the
nearby
hospital.?
2.Look!His
nose
is
(bleed).?
3.She
got
a
foot
(sprain)
when
she
was
playing
football.?
4.The
boy
was
(infect)with
AIDS,a
disease
hard
to
cure.?
5.I
believe
you
can
find
(variety)
plants
in
the
forest.?
injured
bleeding
sprain
infected
various
二、完成下列句子(练习省略结构)
1.如果加热,水就会沸腾。
,water
will
boil.?
2.他不像过去那样早起床了。
He
doesn’t
get
up
early
as
he
.?
3.如果我是你,我就不去那儿。
,I
would
not
go
there.?
4.请让你的朋友帮助你。
Please
let
your
friend
.?
5.听起来是个好主意。
a
good
idea.?
If
heated
used
to
Were
I
you
help
you
Sounds
like
三、将下列句子改为省略句
1.Don’t
move
the
broken
leg
if
it
is
possible.
2.He
tried
to
save
the
people
buried
in
the
ruins
as
others
saved
the
people.
3.You
carry
the
heavy
box
for
the
old
man.
4.If
we
had
gone
to
the
party,we
would
have
known
the
fact.
5.Do
you
know
the
gentleman
whom
our
teacher
is
talking
with?
答案:1.Don’t
move
the
broken
leg
if
possible.
2.He
tried
to
save
the
people
buried
in
the
ruins
as
others.
3.Carry
the
heavy
box
for
the
old
man.
4.Had
we
gone
to
the
party,we
would
have
known
the
fact.
5.Do
you
know
the
gentleman
our
teacher
is
talking
with?
省略
一、省略的定义
省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法手段。
凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,但在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子都是省略句。
一般说来,只要不损害语法结构或者引起歧义,能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑,而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。
二、省略的用法
1.简单句中的省略
(1)主语的省略
祈使句可省去主语。
①Don’t
be
late
for
supper.
回来吃晚饭不要迟到。
除祈使句外,还有其他省去主语的情况。
阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的主语是什么
②Haven’t
seen
you
for
ages!好久不见!
省略了:
?
答案:I
③Looks
like
rain.像是要下雨了。
省略了:
?
答案:It
(2)谓语或谓语的一部分的省略
阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的谓语是什么
④Tired?累了吗?
省略了:
?
答案:Are
you
⑤The
students
still
waiting?学生们还在等吗?
省略了:
?
答案:Are
(3)主语和谓语,或主语和谓语的一部分的省略
阅读下列句子,指出句子省略了什么
⑥—The
movie
starts
at
8:30,and
we
can
have
a
quick
bite
before
we
go.
——电影8:30开始,我们可以快速地吃点东西就走。
—Sounds
great.See
you
at
8:10.
——听起来很好。8:10见。
省略了:
?
答案:It
(4)宾语的省略
阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的宾语是什么
⑦—Where
should
we
go?
——我们去哪里?
—I
don’t
care.Anywhere
you
want.
——我无所谓,你想去哪儿就去哪儿。
省略了:
?
答案:where
we
go
(5)表语的省略
阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的表语是什么
⑧—Are
these
your
friends?
——这些人是你的朋友吗?
—Yes,they
are.
——是的,他们是我的朋友。
省略了:
?
答案:my
friends
(6)系动词的省略
有些省略结构省去了系动词,尤其在口语中。
阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的系动词是什么
⑨Everything
in
good
condition.
一切都完好无损。
省略了:
?
答案:is
(7)不定式的省略
A.答语中的有些动词后跟不定式作宾语时,可将其动词省略,而保留to,这样的动词或短语常见的有want,wish,expect,hope,like,love,try,forget,prefer,mean,be
going
to,be
about
to,be
supposed
to等。
⑩—Will
you
go
with
me?
——你要和我一起去吗?
—Yes,I’d
like
to
(go
with
you).
——是的,非常乐意(和你一起去)。
B.如果作宾语的不定式是be动词或完成时态,则须在to之后加上be或have。
11
—Are
you
a
doctor?
——你是医生吗?
—No,but
I
want
to
be.
——不,但我希望是。
C.两个或两个以上的不定式并列,第一个带to,后面的常可省略to。
12
My
job
is
to
look
after
the
children
and
teach
them
English.?
我的任务是照顾孩子并教他们英语。
D.当不定式作表语时,如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及其各种形式,则不定式中的to常可省略。
13
What
he
wants
to
do
is
go
home.?
他想做的就是回家。
E.感官动词和使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to
(help后的to可带可不带)。
14
I
saw
a
boy
fall
down
from
the
tree.
我看见一个男孩从树上掉下来了。
F.介词but前面有动词do,后面的不定式可省略to。
15
He
can
do
nothing
but
lie
down
and
sleep.?
他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。
2.并列句中的省略
并列句中后面分句与前面分句的相同部分常可省略。
阅读下列句子,指出句子中省略了什么
16
His
suggestion
made
John
happy,but
Mary
angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴,但让玛丽生气。
省略了: ?
答案:his
suggestion
made
3.复合句中的省略
(1)宾语从句中的省略
A.以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,若有与前面主句重复的内容,则可将重复内容省略,只保留特殊疑问词。
阅读下列句子,指出句子中省略了什么
17
You
are
unhappy.Can
you
tell
me
why?
你不高兴。能告诉我为什么吗?
省略了:
?
答案:you
are
unhappy
18
—Do
you
think
it
will
rain?
——你认为会下雨吗?
—I
guess
so.
——我猜会。
常用表达:
I
hope
so.我希望如此。
I
hope
not.我希望不会。
I’m
afraid
so/not.恐怕如此/不是。
I
think/believe/guess/expect/suppose
so.
我认为/相信/猜/希望/认为是这样的。
B.当用I’m
afraid,I
think,I
believe,I
hope,I
guess等做答句时,后面常用省略形式。
C.在宾语从句中常省略连词,但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个连词that可省略。
19
He
told
me
(that)
she
was
a
beautiful
girl
and
that
she
was
clever.
他告诉我她是一个漂亮的女孩,而且很聪明。
(2)定语从句中的省略
A.在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可省略。
20
He
is
one
of
the
men
(whom)
I
can
trust.
他是我信任的人之一。
B.修饰way的关系副词that
(=in
which)可以省略。
(3)状语从句中的省略
A.在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中,如果其主语和主句的主语一致,或从句的主语是it且从句中谓语动词包含be动词,常把从句的主语和be动词省略。
阅读下列句子,指出句子省略了什么
21
Unless
necessary,you’d
better
not
refer
to
the
dictionary.
除非有必要,否则你最好别查词典。
省略了:
?
答案:it
is
22
Be
careful
when
crossing
the
street.
过马路时要小心。
省略了:
?
答案:you
are
B.在比较状语从句中,than或as后面的部分可省略。
阅读下列句子,指出句子省略了什么
23
I’m
taller
than
she.我比她高。
省略了:
?
答案:is
24
I
hate
him
as
much
as
you.
我和你一样恨他。
省略了:
?
答案:hate
him
(4)虚拟语气中的省略
在if引导的虚拟语气中,如果从句中含有助动词were,had
(done),should,则可省去if,把were,had,should提到从句句首。
25
Had
the
governments
and
scientists
not
worked
together,AIDS-related
deaths
would
not
have
fallen
since
their
highest
in
2005.
如果政府和科学家们没有联手工作,与艾滋病相关的死亡人数不会从2005年的最高值降下来。
同义句转换
26
If
John
were
here,he
would
know
what
to
do.
= John
here,he
would
know
what
to
do.?
要是约翰在这儿,他会知道怎么做。
答案:Were
27
If
anything
had
happened,he
would
have
let
her
know.
=
anything
happened,he
would
have
let
her
know.?
要是发生了什么事,他会让她知道的。
答案:Had
4.介词的省略
(1)在英语中一些动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词往往被省略,只保留后面的动词-ing形式,如:
spend
time/money
(in)
doing
sth.花费时间/钱做某事
have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难
prevent
sb.(from)
doing
sth.阻止某人做某事
28
Trees
can
prevent
the
earth
(from)
being
washed
away.
树木能阻止泥土流失。
29
I
have
some
difficulty
(in)
learning
English.
我学英语有困难。
(2)在表示时间的介词at,on和in在next,last,this,these,yesterday,every等词之前,一般省略。
30
We
will
have
an
exam
this
week.
本周我们要考试。(共57张PPT)
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language,Using
Language,Summing
Up
&
Learning
Tip
一、词义匹配
1.treat a.to
request
sth.by
writing
2.apply
b.the
force
you
produce
when
pressing
sth.
3.bravery
c.to
behave
towards
someone
4.pressure
d.(kept
or
held)
firmly
or
closely
5.tight
e.brave
behaviours
6.ceremony
f.a
set
of
form
acts,often
traditional
答案:1.c 2.a 3.e 4.b 5.d 6.f
二、短语识义
1.a
number
of ?
2.put
one’s
hands
on ?
3.make
a
difference
?
若干;许多
找到
区别对待;有影响;起(重要)作用
三、词汇延伸
1.tight
adj.牢的;紧的;紧密的→ (反义词)
adj.松散的?
2.firm
adj.(动作)稳定有力的;坚定的→ adv.坚固地?
3.brave
adj.勇敢的→ n.勇敢?
4.treat
vt.&
vi.治疗→ n.治疗?
5.apply
vt.涂;敷;搽;应用;运用 vi.申请;请求;使用;有效→
n.应用;申请?
6.pressure
n.压力;挤压;压迫(感)→
vt.挤压?
loose
firmly
bravery
treatment
application
press
四、学习下面的单词、短语,并选择合适的单词、短语完成句子
apply
vt.应用;运用
vi.申请;请求
a
number
of若干;许多
treat
vt.&
vi.治疗;对待;款待
make
a
difference
区别对待;有影响;起
(重要)作用
put
one’s
hands
on
找到
pressure
n.压力;挤压;压迫(感)
1.One
national
newspaper
in
Canada
ran
a
number
of
articles
and
reviews
full
of
words
of
praise,even
with
the
conclusion
that
“After
Lomborg,the
environmental
movement
will
begin
to
die
down”.?
2.She
has
been
doing
very
well
in
school,but
some
friends
of
mine
keep
telling
me
that
I
put
too
much
on
her.?
3.British
Airways
also
says
its
customer
care
policies
are
within
the
company.?
4.When
you
live
in
London,it
to
master
some
useful
spoken
English.?
5.In
a
childlike
act,she
left
the
hospital
and
herself
to
a
box
of
doughnuts
(甜甜圈).?
6.The
poor
boy
tried
to
something
that
could
be
eaten
in
the
ruins.?
a
number
of
pressure
applied
makes
a
difference
treated
put
his
hands
on
五、阅读课文
“HEROIC
TEENAGER
RECEIVES
AWARD”,并找出其中的一个省略句和一个强调句
1.省略句:?
?
2.强调句:?
?
When
congratulating
John,Mr.Alan
Southerton,Director
of
the
Young
Lifesaver
Scheme
said...
It
was
John’s
quick
action
and
knowledge
of
first
aid
that
saved
Ms.Slade’s
life.
六、阅读课文“HEROIC
TEENAGER
RECEIVES
AWARD”,回答下列问题
1.What
was
John
doing
when
he
heard
the
screaming?
2.What
happened
to
Anne?
3.What
saved
Ms.Slade’s
life?
4.What
first
aid
did
John
perform
on
Anne?
5.What
adjectives
would
you
use
to
describe
John’s
actions?Give
at
least
three.
答案:1.He
was
studying
in
his
room.
2.She
had
been
stabbed
repeatedly
with
a
knife.She
was
lying
in
her
front
garden
bleeding
very
heavily.Her
hands
had
almost
been
cut
off.
3.It
was
John’s
quick
action
and
knowledge
of
first
aid
that
saved
her
life.
4.John
treated
her
injuries
with
tea
towels
and
tape,and
applied
pressure
to
the
wounds
to
slow
the
bleeding.
5.Brave,heroic,courageous,quick-thinking,quick-minded,helpful,fearless,unselfish/selfless,warm-hearted...
1.She
could
not
decide
whether
to
send
him
to
hospital
or
not
to
send
him
to
hospital.(P37)
她不能决定是送他去医院还是不送他去医院。
剖析whether...or...意为“或者……或者……”,“是……还是……”(表选择关系);还表示“不管……还是……”(引导让步状语从句)
①He
just
doesn’t
care
whether
his
neighbour
gets
fed
or
not.
他只是不关心他的邻居是否吃饭。
②Whether
you’re
looking
at
wallpaper
or
paint,the
time,effort
and
relative
expense
put
into
it
are
significant.
无论你是在看壁纸还是油漆,投入到这方面的时间、精力和相关费用都是很重要的。
2.John
was
studying
in
his
room
when
he
heard
screaming.(P38)
约翰正在房里学习,这时突然听到一阵尖叫声。
剖析句中when为并列连词,意为“这时突然”,相当于and
then或and
at
that
time。
①Just
last
year,I
was
conducting
a
workshop
when
someone
knocked
at
the
classroom
door.
就在去年,我正在进行一个研讨会,这时候有人敲教室的门。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的句型及含义
②I
was
about
to
leave
home
when
it
started
to
rain.
句型
be
about
to
do
sth.when...?
含义
正准备做某事,就在这时……
③We
were
on
the
point
of
giving
up
when
Captain
Cook
encouraged
us
to
go
on.
句型
be
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.when...?
含义
马上就要做某事,正在这时……
④I
had
just
finished
my
work
when
my
mother
asked
me
to
help
her
clean
the
house.
句型
had
just
done
sth.when...?
含义
刚完成了某事,就在这时……
⑤Hardly
had
I
opened
the
door
when
he
rushed
in.
句型
hardly...when...
含义
一……就……
be
about
to
do
sth.when...正准备做某事,就在这时……
be
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.when...马上就要做某事,正在这时……
had
just
done
sth.when...刚完成了某事,就在这时……
hardly...when...一……就……
3.She
was
lying
in
her
front
garden
bleeding
very
heavily.(P38)
她躺在前花园的地上,血流不止。
剖析本句中的短语bleeding
very
heavily作伴随状语。
①Newly-built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street,turning
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
新建成的木屋沿街排列,把这座旧城变成了一个梦幻之地。
②All
night
long
he
lay
awake,thinking
of
the
problem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。
③They
stood
there
for
an
hour,watching
the
game.
他们在那儿站了一个小时,观看比赛。
4.It
was
John’s
quick
action
and
knowledge
of
first
aid
that
saved
Ms.Slade’s
life.(P39)
正是约翰快捷的反应和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。
剖析本句是一个强调句,强调句子的主语“John’s
quick
action
and
knowledge
of
first
aid”。
强调句是英语中最常用的句型之一,用来强调除谓语以外的任何成分。其构成形式是:It
is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。在本结构中,it无意义,构成一个句子的结构,使某一成分得到强调。若原句属于现在或将来时态范畴,be用is的形式;若原句属于过去时态范畴,be用was的形式。
①You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.It
is
at
the
hotel
that
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
你等错地方了。长途汽车是在宾馆接游客的。
②It
was
only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house
that
we
saw
Lily
in
the
passenger
seat.
只有当汽车停在我们的房子前时,我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。
③Thinking
back,I
realize
it
was
the
Chinese
university
life
that
gave
me
the
deepest
impression.
回顾过去,我意识到是在中国的大学生活给我留下了最深刻的印象。
强调结构用于疑问句中,其构成是:Was/Is
it...that/who...?;Who/When/Where
was/is
it
that...?
当这种疑问句中的强调结构出现在宾语从句中时,要注意其语序为陈述语序。
①Was
it
Tom
who
saw
our
teacher
in
the
park
last
Sunday?
是汤姆上周日在公园里看见我们老师的吗?
②Where
was
it
that
Tom
saw
our
teacher
last
Sunday?
汤姆上周日是在哪里看见我们老师的?
③Did
you
know
when
it
was
that
Tom
saw
our
teacher?
你知道汤姆是什么时间见到我们老师的吗?
5.He
immediately
asked
a
number
of
nearby
people
for
bandages,but
when
nobody
could
put
their
hands
on
any,his
father
got
some
tea
towels
and
tape
from
their
house.(P38)
他立即向附近的一些人要绷带,但当他们都找不到绷带的时候,他的父亲就从屋里拿出一些茶巾和胶布。
★考点一 a
number
of若干;许多
①Over
the
years,there
have
been
a
number
of
different
techniques
to
help
designers
approach
this
important
point.
这些年来,已经有了很多不同的技巧来帮助设计者达到非常重要的这一点。
②You
will
be
able
to
take
part
in
a
number
of
activities
from
canoeing
to
wild
camping
on
Dartmoor.
在达特姆尔你能参加从划船到野营的很多活动。
归纳a
number
of修饰可数名词复数,被其修饰的短语做主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的不同用法
③A
number
of
people
attended
the
memorial
service.
许多人参加了追悼会。
a
number
of意为“许多,大量”,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。
④The
average
number
of
electronic
devices
rose
from
four
per
household
in
1992
to
13
in
2007.
每一个家庭使用电子设备的平均数目从1992年的4件增加到了2007年的13件。
the
number
of
意为“……的数目”,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
(2)表示“许多”的短语还有:
修饰可数名词复数的有a
good/great
many,quite
a
few,a
large/great/small
number
of等。
修饰不可数名词的有a
great
deal
of,quite
a
little,an
amount
of等。
既能修饰可数名词,又能修饰不可数名词的有a
lot
of,lots
of,plenty
of,a
great
quantity
of,quantities
of等。
★考点二 put
one’s
hands
on
找到
⑤With
great
interest,he
read
everything
he
could
put
his
hands
on.
他会带着极大的兴趣读他能找到的任何东西。
hand的相关短语:
at
hand在手边
by
hand用手工
from
hand
to
hand从一人手中传到另一人手中
hand
in
hand手拉手;共同地
in
hand在手里;在控制之下
on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand一方面……另一方面
out
of
hand
无法控制
6.John
used
these
to
treat
the
most
severe
injuries
to
Ms.Slade’s
hands.(P38)
约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。
★考点 treat
vt.&
vi.治疗;对待;款待 n.款待;招待
①Do
you
know
which
doctor
will
treat
Mr.Zhang
for
his
cancer?
你知道哪一位医生将治疗张先生的癌症吗?
归纳treat当“治疗”讲时,常与介词
for连用。
②—Did
you
enjoy
the
party?
你在聚会上玩得开心吗?
—Yes.We
were
treated
well
by
our
hosts.
是的。我们得到了主人们很好的款待。
③Most
important,I
began
to
treat
them
like
winners.
最重要的是,我开始把他们作为赢家来对待。
归纳treat当“对待”讲时,常与介词like或as连用。
④It
was
summer,and
my
dad
wanted
to
treat
me
to
a
vacation
like
never
before.
那是一个夏天,我爸爸想给我一个前所未有的假期。
⑤Let’s
go
out
for
dinner—my
treat
this
time.
我们出去吃饭吧——这次我请客。
⑥A
day
in
the
country
is
a
real
treat
for
a
city
person.
对一个生活在城市中的人来说,在乡下待上一天真是一件乐事。
归纳treat为名词时,意为“乐事或令人愉快的事情”。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下面句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义
⑦Anyone,once
tested
positive
for
the
flu
virus,will
receive
free
medical
treatment
from
our
government.
词性
名词 含义
治疗
The
sick
boy,who
received
free
treatment,was
treated
very
well
by
his
friends.He
decided
to
treat
them
to
dinner.
那个生病的男孩接受了免费治疗,他的朋友们对他很好,他决定请他们吃饭。
(2)辨析:treat,cure与heal
treat多指治疗活动,强调动作过程。这种治疗包括外伤,可以指药物治疗,也可指非药物治疗。treat为及物动词时其宾语可以是人或动物,亦可以是疾病。如表达“治疗某人某病”,须用treat
sb.for
sth.结构。
cure表示“治好”,强调治疗的结果,常用词组cure
sb.of
sth.(治好某人的某种疾病)。
heal表示“痊愈”,强调创伤、外伤的复原,如伤口、断骨等。
⑧It
cures
their
mental
illnesses.
这能治愈他们的心理疾病。
⑨Although
this
medicine
will
cure
you
of
your
illness,it
has
some
side
effects.
尽管这种药能治愈你的疾病,但是有一些副作用。
⑩It
took
a
long
time
for
the
wounds
to
heal.
伤口过了很长时间才愈合。
7.He
slowed
the
bleeding
by
applying
pressure
to
the
wounds
until
the
police
and
ambulance
arrived.(P38)
他使劲按住伤口,使血流得慢些,一直等到警察和救护车的到来。
★考点 apply
vt.涂;敷;搽;应用;运用 vi.申请;请求;使用;有效
①The
nurse
applied
some
medicine
to
the
wound.
护士把一些药敷到伤口上。
归纳apply
sth.to...的意义是“把某物涂到/敷到……上”。
②Now
researchers
are
applying
scientific
methods
to
the
study
of
art.
现在研究者们把这些科学方法用在了艺术研究方面。
归纳apply
sth.to
sth.的意义是“把某物用在某事上”。
③And
I
am
now
writing
to
apply
for
this
position.
现在我正在写信申请这个职位。
归纳apply
(to
sb.)
for
sth.的意义是“(向某人)申请得到某物”。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的搭配及含义
④If
the
constitution
said
that
all
people
were
free
and
equal,then
she
thought
it
should
apply
to
her.
搭配
apply
to
sb. 含义
适用于某人?
⑤These
methods
apply
to
learning
English.
搭配
apply
to
doing
sth. 含义
适用于做某事?
⑥He
is
applied
to
studying
the
plants
in
the
sea.
搭配
be
applied
to
doing
sth. 含义
致力于做某事?
apply
sth.to把某物涂到/敷到……上
apply
sth.to
sth.把某物用在某事上
apply
(to
sb.)
for
sth.(向某人)申请得到某物
?
apply
to
sb.适用于某人
apply
to
doing
sth.适用于做某事
be
applied
to
doing
sth.致力于做某事
8.It
shows
that
a
knowledge
of
first
aid
can
make
a
real
difference.(P38)
这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。
★考点一 a
knowledge
of...了解,知道;有……知识
①She
has
a
good
knowledge
of
French.
她有丰富的法语知识。
归纳knowledge为不可数名词,但在指“某学科/领域的知识”时,常与不定冠词a连用。a
(good)
knowledge
of
“(丰富的)……知识”。
★考点二 make
a
difference区别对待;有影响;起(重要)作用
②Little
people
can
make
a
big
difference.
小人物也可以大有作为。
③They
have
a
different
kind
of
superpower
that
all
of
us
possess:the
power
to
make
a
difference
in
the
lives
of
others.
他们拥有一种我们都有的不同的超能量:一种对别人的命运有重大影响的能量。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的搭配和含义
④It
makes
no
difference
to
me
what
you
say:I’m
not
going.
搭配
make
no
difference
to
sb./sth.?
含义
对某人/某事物没有作用或影响
⑤The
sea
air
has
made
some
difference
to
her
health.
搭配
make
some
difference
to
sb./sth.?
含义
对某人/某事物有一些作用或影响
⑥She
makes
no
difference
between
her
two
sons.
搭配
make
no
difference
between?
含义
没有区别对待
make
no
difference
to对……没有影响
make
some
difference
to对……有些影响
make
no
difference
between没有区别对待
一、写作词汇检测
根据每一组的提示词,完成或翻译下列句子
1.apply
(1)His
father
was
?to
repairing
his
car.?
(2)我们应该把新单词应用到英语写作中。
答案:(1)applied (2)We
should
apply
new
words
to
English
writing.
2.treat
(1)Mark
was
never
?with
much
respect.?
(2)那位医生正在用音乐给他的病人治病。
答案:(1)treated (2)That
doctor
is
treating
his
patient
with
music.
3.put
one’s
hands
on
(1)They
finally
their
lost
books.?
(2)我找不到我的戒指了。
答案:(1)put
their
hands
on (2)I
can’t
put
my
hands
on
my
ring.
4.这场雨对比赛没多大影响。(difference)
答案:The
rain
didn’t
make
much
difference
to
the
game.
5.图书馆里的很多书被偷了。(a
number
of)
答案:A
number
of
books
have
been
stolen
from
the
library.
6.我在想是今天去呢还是明天去。(whether...or...)
答案:I
was
wondering
whether
to
go
today
or
tomorrow.
二、阅读词汇检测
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的含义
1.The
pressure
of
the
crowd
made
it
impossible
for
me
to
stand
still.
含义
?
答案:压力
2.I
have
to
attend
a
friend’s
wedding
ceremony
tomorrow.
含义
?
答案:典礼;仪式
3.Marie
held
the
baby
tightly
in
her
arms.
含义
??
答案:紧紧地
4.The
pilot
scheme
proved
to
be
a
great
success.
含义
?
答案:计划;方案
三、用适当的介词或连词填空
1.She
was
squeezing
juice
she
heard
a
knock
at
the
door.?
答案:when
2.It
was
in
the
restaurant
you
had
dinner
with
me
last
Sunday
I
lost
my
handbag.?
答案:where;that
3.There
are
a
small
number
?shops
in
the
town.?
答案:of
4.Which
doctor
is
treating
you
your
burns??
答案:for
5.The
kind
girl
applied
some
medicine
the
boy’s
wound.?
答案:to(共65张PPT)
Unit
5
First
aid
主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习
【语篇导读】具备一定的急救知识在关键时刻可以帮助人们争取救援时间。但应该如何展开急救呢?
Have
you
ever
thought
of
a
situation
where
as
an
untrained
lay
person,you
found
yourself
in
a
road
traffic
accident
scene
and
thought
within
yourself
that
you
couldn’t
possibly
offer
any
assistance?After
all,you
are
not
trained
and
you
are
not
sure
of
what
to,or
not
to
do.
Okay
then,how
about
some
common
sense?Yes,common
sense!
The
following
“first
aid
sense”
applies
in
many
emergency
situations.
First,stay
at
a
safe
distance
from
the
scene.
Assess①
the
risks
involved.This
is
not
a
formal
assessment,just
a
quick
use
of
your
“head”.Be
sure
that
you
can
get
close
safely,if
you
choose
to
help.Look
around
for
elements②
that
can
make
the
emergency
worse.
Call
the
Emergency
Response
Services
as
soon
as
possible
and
give
as
many
details
as
possible.?
In
a
road
traffic
accident,for
example,get
close
safely
and
look
for
casualties③
that
might
have
been
thrown
off
and
hidden
in
unsafe
places
such
as
beneath
the
cars.
Moving
the
casualties
is
often
not
the
first
thing
to
do,especially
when
one
is
untrained.So,try
to
respond
to
the
casualties’
need
where
possible
in
the
position
they
are
found.Only
move
them
away
from
danger
if
it
is
safe
to
do
so.
Remember,as
much
as
possible,do
not
harm
the
casualties
further.?
Where
ambulance
services
might
be
delayed④,keep
removing
the
casualties’
fear
and
stay
positive.You
might
want
to
keep
in
touch
with
the
Emergency
Response
Services.
Work
with
other
onlookers⑤
and
follow
the
instructions
of
any
trained
person.?
Lastly,work
with
the
emergency
responders⑥,when
they
finally
arrive
at
the
scene.You
may
choose
to
help
further,but
only
and
only
if
you
are
asked.?
词海拾贝
①assess
[??ses]
vt.估价,估计;评定,核定
②element
[?el?m?nt]
n.因素
③casualty
[?k??u?ltI]
n.受伤者
④delay
[d??le?]
v.推迟
⑤onlooker
[??nl?k?(r)]
n.旁观者
⑥responder
[rI?sp?nd?(r)]
n.应答者;回答者
典句欣赏
1.Call
the
Emergency
Response
Services
as
soon
as
possible
and
give
as
many
details
as
possible.
尽快给应急服务部门打电话,提供尽可能多的细节。
2.Remember,as
much
as
possible,do
not
harm
the
casualties
further.
记住,尽可能不要进一步伤害伤者。
3.You
may
choose
to
help
further,but
only
and
only
if
you
are
asked.
你可以选择继续提供帮助,但这仅仅限于要求你这么做的情况下。
理解诱思
1.What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.A
Road
Traffic
Accident
B.The
Common
Sense
of
First
Aid
C.The
Emergency
Response
Services
D.Elements
That
Can
Make
the
Emergency
Worse
2.When
you
are
in
a
road
traffic
accident
scene,what
should
you
do?
参考答案:
1.B
2.Staying
at
a
safe
distance
from
the
scene
is
the
first
step.If
I
can
offer
some
help,I
must
make
sure
that
I
can
get
close
safely.Calling
the
Emergency
Response
Services
as
soon
as
possible
is
the
best
choice.What’s
more,I
must
be
sure
not
to
harm
the
casualties
further.Lastly,work
with
the
emergency
responders
if
they
ask
me
to.
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up,Pre-reading,Reading
&
Comprehending
一、词义匹配
A B
1.aid
a.too
painful
to
stand
2.injury
b.to
flow
quickly
3.complex
c.help
or
support
4.unbearable
d.hard
to
understand
5.pour
e.physical
harm
or
damage
6.damp
f.to
press
something
firmly
7.squeeze
g.slightly
wet
8.swell
h.to
become
bigger
or
rounder
9.variety
i.a
different
kind
of
something
10.mild
j.not
violent,not
extreme
答案:1.c 2.e 3.d 4.a 5.b 6.g 7.f 8.h 9.i 10.j
二、短语识义
1.squeeze
out
?
2.in
place
?
3.fall
ill
?
4.over
and
over
again
?
5.electric
shock
?
榨出;挤出
在适当的位置;适当
生病
反复;多次
触电;电休克
三、词汇延伸
1.poison
n.毒药;毒害 vt.毒害;使中毒→ adj.有毒的;有害的?
2.injury
n.损伤;伤害→
vt.使受伤→ adj.受伤的?
poisonous
injure
injured
四、当我们碰到意外发生的时候,可以采取哪些措施
1.?
2.?
3.?
4.?
5.?
答案:略
While-reading
五、阅读课文“FIRST
AID
FOR
BURNS”,按照正确的顺序排列下列话题
the
three
types
of
burns?
what
to
do
if
someone
gets
burned?
the
functions
of
the
skin?
the
symptoms
of
burns?
how
we
get
burned?
3
5
1
4
2
六、阅读课文“FIRST
AID
FOR
BURNS”,回答下列问题
1.What
is
your
body’s
largest
organ?
A.The
head.
B.The
skin.
C.The
leg.
D.The
arm.
2.How
many
types
of
burns
are
there
altogether?
A.One.
B.Two.
C.Three.
D.Four.
答案:B
答案:C
3.Before
the
medical
help
can
be
got,what
should
you
do?
A.To
remove
the
victim
from
the
source
of
the
burn.
B.To
remove
the
victim’s
clothing
stuck
to
the
burned
area.
C.To
break
the
blisters
to
prevent
the
victim
from
getting
infected.
D.To
try
to
keep
the
heat
of
the
burned
area.
4.What
are
characteristics
of
first
degree
burns?
A.Black
and
white
and
charred.
B.Rough,red
and
swollen.
C.Rough,red
and
dry.
D.Dry,red
and
mildly
swollen.
答案:A
答案:D
5.When
someone
is
burned,what
should
be
done
first?
A.Remove
clothing.
B.Dry
the
burned
area
gently.
C.Cool
burns
immediately.
D.Get
the
victim
to
the
doctor
or
hospital.
答案:A
Post-reading
七、阅读课文“FIRST
AID
FOR
BURNS”,完成下列短文
There
are
three
1. (type)
of
burns.They
are
called
first,second
or
third
degree
burns,depending
on
2.
layers
of
the
skin
are
burned.?
First
degree
burns
affect
only
3.
top
layer
of
the
skin.
These
burns
4. (be)
not
serious
and
should
feel
5. (good)
within
a
day
or
two.Examples
include
mild
sunburn
and
burns
caused
by
6.
(touch)
a
hot
pan,stove
or
iron
for
a
moment.?
types
which
the
are
better
touching
Second
degree
burns
affect
7.
the
top
and
the
second
layer
of
the
skin.These
burns
are
serious
and
take
a
few
weeks
to
heal.Examples
include
severe
sunburn
and
burns
8. (cause)
by
hot
liquids.?
Third
degree
burns
affect
all
three
layers
of
the
skin
and
any
tissue
and
organs
9.
the
skin.Examples
include
burns
caused
by
electric
shocks,burning
clothes,or
severe
petrol
fires.These
burns
cause
very
severe
10. (injure)
and
the
victim
must
go
to
hospital
at
once.?
both
caused
under
injuries
1.First
aid
is
a
temporary
form
of
help
given
to
someone
who
suddenly
falls
ill
or
gets
injured
before
a
doctor
can
be
found.(P33)
急救是在找到医生之前,对突然病倒或受伤人员的一种临时救助。
剖析who引导一个定语从句:who
suddenly
falls
ill
or
gets
injured;过去分词短语given
to
someone在句子中做定语,可以改为定语从句:that/which
is
given
to
someone。
①To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution,I’d
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
conducted
in
Australia
in
2012.
为了回到水污染问题,我想让你看一看2012年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。
②Seen
from
the
top
of
the
mountain,the
city
looks
like
a
big
garden.
从山顶上看,这座城市就像一个大花园。
★考点一 aid
n.&
vt.帮助;援助;资助
③I
believe
they
will
come
to
our
aid.
我相信他们会来帮助我们。
归纳词组come
to
one’s
aid的意义是“来帮助某人”。
④Holker
once
again
opens
its
gardens
in
aid
of
the
disadvantaged.
Holker再次开放了其公园以此来帮助弱势群体。
归纳词组in
aid
of的意义是“用以援(资)助,作为援(资)助……之用”。
⑤The
people
all
over
the
world
aided
them
with
money,medicine
and
other
things.
全世界人民在金钱、药品和其他物品方面援助他们。
归纳词组aid
sb.with
sth.的意义是“在某方面帮助某人”。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的搭配及含义
⑥We
may
travel
with
the
aid
of
a
good
map.
=We
may
travel
with
a
good
map’s
aid.
搭配
with
the
aid
of
sb./sth.=with
sb.’s/sth.’s
aid?
含义
在某人/某物的帮助下
⑦It
is
necessary
to
learn
how
to
give/do
first
aid.
搭配
give/do
first
aid 含义
(对伤患者)进行急救?
⑧They
aided
us
in
solving
the
problem.
搭配
aid
sb.in
doing
sth. 含义
帮助某人做某事?
come
to
one’s
aid
来帮助某人
in
aid
of
用以援助,作为援助……之用
aid
sb.with
sth.在某方面帮助某人
with
the
aid
of
sb./sth.=
with
sb.’s/sth.’s
aid
在某人/某物的帮助下
give/do
first
aid(对伤患者)进行急救
aid
sb.in
doing
sth.帮助某人做某事
★考点二 injure
vt.伤害;损害
⑨A
month
before
my
first
marathon,one
of
my
ankles
was
injured
and
this
meant
not
running
for
two
weeks.
第一次马拉松比赛之前一个月,我的一只脚踝受了伤,这就意味着两周之内不能跑步。
⑩These
chemicals
come
from
the
injured
parts
of
the
plant
and
seem
to
be
an
alarm.
这些化学成分来自植物受伤的部分,这似乎是一个警报。
11
Make
sure
you
don’t
over
train.You
don’t
want
to
get
injured
before
the
competition.
别过度训练了。你不会想在比赛前受伤吧。
归纳
get
injured
的含义是“受伤”。
12
After
the
traffic
accident,people
rushed
to
help
the
injured.
交通事故发生后,人们快速前来帮助伤者。
归纳
the
injured
的含义是“受伤的人;伤员”。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义
13
They
are
required
to
process
the
food
that
we
eat,to
recover
from
injury
and
for
several
other
bodily
functions.
词性
名词 含义
伤口
14
Your
words
do
an
injury
to
the
little
girl.
词性
名词 含义
伤害
2.If
possible,discuss
what
kind
of
first
aid
you
should
give
in
these
situations.(P33)
如果可能的话,讨论一下在这些情况下你们应该实施哪种急救。
剖析if
possible为省略句结构,完整的句子是If
it
is
possible。另外,由once,if,as,unless,though,when等引导的状语从句中,如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致,且从句中谓语动词是be+动词-ed或动词-ing时,其从句结构可省略为连词加动词-ed或动词-ing。
①Call
me
tonight
if
(it
is)
possible.
如果可能的话今晚给我打个电话。
②Whenever
(it
is)
possible,he
will
come
to
my
aid.
他一有可能就来帮助我。
③When
(I
was)
waiting
for
a
bus,I
met
Tom.
我在等公交车时碰到了汤姆。
3.You
have
three
layers
of
skin
which
act
as
a
barrier
against
disease,poisons
and
the
sun’s
harmful
rays.(P33)
皮肤有三层,它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。
剖析句中的which引导定语从句,修饰three
layers
of
skin。
★考点 poison
n.毒药;毒害 vt.
毒害;使中毒
①It
is
a
deadly
poison
and
if
he
drank
it
he’d
probably
die.
这是一种致命的毒药,他要是喝下去很可能会丧命。
②Large
sections
of
the
river
have
been
poisoned
by
toxic
(有毒的)
waste
from
factories.
工厂的有毒废弃物污染了大面积的河流。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义
③Jealousy
poisoned
their
friendship.
词性
动词 含义
破坏
④If
she
had
been
aware
that
the
mushrooms
were
poisonous,she
would
not
have
picked
them
for
dinner.
词性
形容词 含义
有毒的
4.You
can
get
burned
by
a
variety
of
things:hot
liquids,steam,fire,radiation(by
being
close
to
high
heat
or
fire,etc.),the
sun,electricity
or
chemicals.(P34)
你可能由于各种原因而被烧伤:灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或大火等)、阳光、电或化学物品。
★考点一 variety
n.变化;多样(化);多变(性)
①Most
of
us,in
fact,progressively
narrow
the
variety
of
our
lives.
事实上,我们中的大多数人逐渐缩小了生活的范围。
②Join
us
to
taste
a
variety
of
fresh
local
food
and
drinks.
加入我们来品尝各种各样新鲜的地方饮食。
③At
school
we
learn
varieties
of
things.
在学校我们学习各种东西。
归纳varieties
of=a
variety
of,意义是“各种各样的”。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义
④(2020·天津高考)Libraries
will
often
hold
reading-group
sessions
targeted
to
various
age
groups.
词性
形容词 含义
各种各样的
⑤Anger
seems
simple
when
we
are
feeling
it,but
the
causes
of
anger
are
various.
词性
形容词 含义
各种各样的
⑥Prices
vary
according
to
the
type
of
room
you
require.
词性
动词 含义
改变
★考点二 close
to
靠近;接近
⑦Stay
close
to
your
teacher
and
classmate.
靠近你的老师和同学。
⑧I
live
close
to
the
post
office.
我住的地方离邮局近。
归纳close
to常与get,live,be等动词连用,其中close可以是形容词,也可以是副词。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的含义
⑨The
cost
was
close
to
$1
million.
含义
接近于,差不多
⑩He
looks
much
older
when
you
see
him
close
to.
含义
从近处
5.Remove
clothing
using
scissors
if
necessary
unless
it
is
stuck
to
the
burn.(P34)
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上,否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话,可以使用剪刀。
剖析本句是一个复合句,unless引导的是一个条件状语从句。using
scissors在句子中做方式状语。
★考点一 unless
conj.如果不,除非
①【高考典句】(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Don’t
stop
speaking
when
you
make
a
mistake
in
public
speaking
unless
it’s
a
truly
serious
one.
当你在公众演讲中犯了错误时不要停止说话,除非是非常严重的错误。
②Unless
you
change
your
mind,I
won’t
be
able
to
help
you.
=If
you
don’t
change
your
mind,I
won’t
be
able
to
help
you.
除非你改变想法,否则我不能帮助你。
③You
should
keep
working
unless
I
tell
you
to
stop.
=You
should
keep
working
if
I
don’t
tell
you
to
stop.
除非我叫你停,否则你就得继续干。
考点延伸
④If
you
hadn’t
helped
me,I
would
have
been
killed
in
the
accident.
如果你没有帮我,我就会在事故中丧生了。(虚拟语气,不能用unless改写)
归纳unless
不可用于假想的事情,因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时,一般不用unless替换。
★考点二 stick
to
坚持;固守
⑤If
you
work
out
bright
and
early
in
the
morning,you
will
be
more
likely
to
stick
to
healthy
food
choices
throughout
the
day.
如果你早上锻炼的话,你更可能一整天都坚持健康的食物选择。
⑥Everyone
shall
stick
to
his
word.
每个人都应该信守诺言。
6.Hold
the
bandage
in
place
with
tape.(P35)
用胶布把绷带固定。
★考点 in
place在适当的位置;适当
①Then
lay
the
tube
in
place
so
that
one
end
rests
all
the
way
in
the
cup.
然后把管子放在合适的位置,这样一端就一直倚靠在杯子中。
②Mary’s
dress
was
quite
in
place
at
the
ceremony.
玛丽的礼服非常适合那个典礼。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的搭配及含义
③Plastics
are
often
used
in
place
of
wood
or
metal.
搭配
in
place
of 含义
代替
?
④Everything
in
the
room
is
out
of
place.
搭配
out
of
place 含义
在不适当的位置
?
⑤This
development
did
not
take
place
overnight.
搭配
take
place 含义
发生,举行
?
⑥Do
you
think
the
Internet
can
take
the
place
of
newspapers?
=Do
you
think
the
Internet
can
be
in
newspapers’
place?
搭配
take
the
place
of=be
in
one’s
place 含义
代替;替代?
in
place在适当的位置;适当
in
place
of代替
out
of
place在不适当的位置
take
place发生,举行
take
the
place
of=be
in
one’s
place代替;替代
7.If
the
injuries
are
second
or
third
degree
burns,it
is
vital
to
get
the
victim
to
the
doctor
or
hospital
at
once.(P35)
如果属于二度或三度烧伤,就必须立即把患者送去看医生或送往医院。
剖析句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是to
get
the
victim...at
once。it经常用来代替不定式或从句,做形式主语或形式宾语。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出句子的主语,并翻译句子
①It
is
more
difficult
to
relax
and
have
a
peaceful
sleep
when
you
are
very
excited.
主语
to
relax
and
have
a
peaceful
sleep
when
you
are
very
excited?
翻译
当你兴奋的时候,更难放松下来平静地睡一觉。
②It
worried
her
a
lot
that
her
son
didn’t
say
much
at
home
recently.
主语
that
her
son
didn’t
say
much
at
home
recently?
翻译
近来她的儿子在家很少说话,这让她很担心。
★考点 vital
adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的
③Technology
is
vital
for
agricultural
development.
对于农业发展来说,技术非常重要。
考点延伸
vital如果用于主语从句,即“It
is
vital
that...”,此时主语从句必须使用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。类似的形容词还有essential,necessary,important,natural等。
④It
was
vital
that
the
children
(should)
learn
how
to
operate
the
computers.
孩子们学会如何操作电脑是极其重要的。
8.Sam
broke
the
blisters
and
poured
icy
water
from
the
fridge
onto
the
skin.(P35)
山姆把水泡弄破,然后把冰箱里的冷水浇在皮肤上。
★考点 pour
vt.&
vi.
倒;灌;注;涌
①She
poured
a
glass
of
water.她倒了一杯水。
②Look!
It’s
going
to
pour.You’d
better
put
your
bike
in
the
garage.
瞧!
要下大雨了。你最好把自行车放在车库。
③The
crowd
poured
out
of
the
concert
hall.
人群从音乐厅涌出来。
考点延伸
阅读下面句子,指出黑体词的含义
④They
have
poured
money
into
the
tourist
industry.
含义
大量投入
一、写作词汇检测
用所学的单词或短语完成下列对话或语篇
1.—What
happened
to
the
old
man?
—He
(噎住)
when
he
ate
his
food
too
quickly.?
答案:choked
2.—What
do
you
think
people
need
to
keep
healthy?
—In
my
opinion,they
need
(多样化)
in
their
diet.?
答案:variety
3.—Look
at
the
door.It’s
so
narrow.
—If
I
want
to
go
in,I
have
to
(挤入)through
it.?
答案:squeeze
4.—Your
injured
ankle
began
to
(肿).You
should
be
careful.?
—Thank
you.I
will.
答案:swell
5.When
Tom’s
arm
got
burnt,his
father
used
(剪刀)to
remove
his
clothes.Then
he
covered
the
burned
area
with
a
(绷带)
and
told
Tom
to
hold
the
bandage
(在适当的位置).?
答案:scissors;bandage;in
place
二、阅读词汇检测
写出画线部分的汉语意思
Jack
couldn’t
go
to
school
because
of
his
injury
in
an
accident.His
ankles
1.
hurt
and
his
doctor
gave
him
some
medicine.The
doctor
said
that
there
was
nothing
serious
with
Jack’s
ankles
because
first
aid
was
given
in
time.It
is
vital
2.
to
give
first
aid
to
a
person
who
gets
injured,chocked
3.
or
burned.Though
first
aid
is
only
a
temporary
4.
form
of
help,it
can
save
a
person’s
life
in
varieties
of
5.
accidents.?
踝(关节)
至关重要的
(使)噎住;(使)窒息
暂时的;临时的
各种各样的
三、用适当的介词填空
1.A
concert
was
given
aid
of
the
flood
area.?
答案:in
2.He
left
the
city
for
a
variety
reasons.?
答案:of
3.If
you
stick
the
truth,you
have
nothing
to
fear.?
答案:to
4.The
boy
became
upset
because
he
was
prevented
watching
TV.?
答案:from
5.Men
were
talking
whispers
in
every
office.?
答案:in
6.His
support
is
vital
our
project.?
答案:for
