Unit
7
Art-Lesson
1
Masterpieces
核心考点解析
【核心词汇】
His
unusual
use
of
colour
has
led
experts
to
think
that
Van
Gogh’s
mental
illness
may
have
affected
his
sense
of
sight.(Page
8)
他对色彩的不寻常运用使专家们认为凡·高的精神病可能影响了他的视觉。
【词汇精讲】
affect用作动词,意为“影响”,还可表示“(疾病)侵袭;深深打动”。
Cold
weather
affected
the
crops.寒冷对农作物产生了影响。
Your
opinion
will
not
affect
my
decision.
你的意见不会影响我的决定。
The
disease
affects
one
in
five
women.
每五个女性中就有一个患有这种病。
Deeply
affected
by
the
moving
story,the
little
girl
burst
into
tears.
被那个动人的故事深深打动,那个小女孩哭了。
【词汇拓展】
(1)effect
n.效果;影响
have
a
side
effect
on...对……有副作用
have
no
effect
on...
对……没有影响
have
a...
effect
on...
对……有……的影响
Did
the
medicine
have
any
effect?
这药有什么疗效吗?
What
parents
say
and
do
has
a
great
effect
on
children.
父母的言行对孩子影响很大。
The
medicine
has
no
effect
on
flu.
这种药对流感没有效果。
This
medicine
will
have
side
effects
on
your
liver.
这种药对你的肝脏有副作用。
(2)形近词effort
n.努力
atmosphere(Page
6)
n.气氛;氛围
【词汇精讲】
atmosphere用作名词,意为“气氛;氛围”,还可以表示“空气;大气层”。
I
can’t
bear
the
atmosphere
of
the
meeting.
我受不了这个会议的气氛。
The
hotel
offers
a
friendly
atmosphere
and
personal
service.
这家旅馆服务周到,使客人感到宾至如归。
Use
music
and
lighting
to
create
a
romantic
atmosphere.
用音乐和灯光制造一种浪漫的气氛。
There
was
an
atmosphere
of
mutual
trust
between
them.
他们之间有一种相互信任的气氛。
The
rocket
entered
the
earth’s
atmosphere.
火箭进入了地球的大气层。
The
atmosphere
of
the
city
was
polluted.
那个城市的空气被污染了。
【词汇拓展】
the
atmosphere大气层
social
atmosphere社会气氛
academic
atmosphere
学业风气,学习氛围
Beneath
this
amazing
sky,we
see
a
sleeping
village
and
a
dark,lonely
tree.(Page
8)
在这神奇的天空下,我们看到一个安睡的村庄和一棵暗淡、孤独的树。
【词汇精讲】
beneath用作介词或副词,意为“在……(正)下方”。
They
found
the
body
buried
beneath
a
pile
of
leaves.
他们发现尸体被埋在一堆树叶下面。
The
boat
sank
beneath
the
waves.
小船被大浪吞没了。
We
looked
down
from
the
plane
at
the
fields
spread
out
beneath.
我们从飞机上俯瞰下面的土地。
【词汇拓展】
beneath表示“在……(正)下方”。
这个介词常可与below替换,但below较常用,beneath多用于正式文体中。
below表示“在……之下”,与above相对应,常指在某物之下,但不一定在该物的正下方。
under表示“在……之下”,通常表示在正下方,与over相对应。
Many
experts
say
that
The
Scream
is
connected
to
Munch’s
mental
health
problems,which
caused
him
a
lot
of
pain.(Page
9)
许多专家说,《尖叫》与麦奇的心理健康问题有关,这些问题给他带来很多痛苦。
【词汇精讲】
cause用作动词,意为“导致,引起;使发生”,用作名词,意为“原因;事业”。
The
bad
weather
caused
many
problems
for
many
farmers.
恶劣的天气给许多农民制造了许多困难。
What
caused
him
to
change
his
mind?
什么让他改变了主意?
There
was
discussion
about
the
fire
and
its
likely
cause.
对那场火灾及其可能的起因进行了讨论。
We
have
achieved
great
successes
in
the
cause
of
building
up
our
country.
我们在建设我们国家的事业中取得了巨大的成就。
【词汇拓展】
cause
sb
to
do
sth使得某人做某事
cause
sb
trouble/problems/inconvenience造成问题/麻烦/不便
the
cause
of...
……的起因
He
also
thought
The
Starry
Night
was
a
failure.(Page
8)
他也认为《星月夜》的创作是一个失败。
【词汇精讲】
failure
用作可数名词表示“失败的事或人”;
用作不可数名词意为“失败”,除此之外还可以表示“[U]衰退,衰竭;故障”。
He
is
a
failure
as
an
English
teacher.
他是个不称职的英语老师。
She
was
upset
by
her
failure
in
the
exam.
她因考试不及格而感到沮丧。
Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.失败是成功之母。
This
illness
can
result
in
kidney
failure.
这种病会引起肾衰竭。
The
accident
was
caused
by
an
engine
failure.
那次事故是由发动机故障引起的。
【词汇拓展】
fail
v.失败,不成功;失灵,出故障;衰退,衰竭
fail
to
do
sth做某事没有成功
The
students
failed
to
pass
the
exam.
那些学生考试没及格。
The
brakes
on
my
bike
failed
halfway
down
the
hill.
我骑自行车下山中途刹车失灵了。
Her
liver
is
failing.
她的肝脏在衰竭。
a
thin
figure(Page
8)
一个瘦削的身影
What
makes
it
striking
is
that
it
shows
a
thin
figure
with
an
expression
of
fear—the
figure’s
mouth
is
wide
open
and
letting
out
a
powerful
scream.(Page
9)
使它引人注目的是它展示了一个瘦削的面带恐惧的身影——那人张大了嘴,发出一声有力的尖叫。
【词汇精讲】
figure是多义词,用作名词时表示“人像,人形;数字”,还可以表示“人物;身材”。
The
central
figure
in
the
painting
is
the
artist’s
daughter.
画中间那个人是画家的女儿。
I
saw
a
tall
figure
in
black.
我看到一个穿着黑衣的高个子身影。
It’s
important
for
the
figures
to
be
updated
regularly.
定期更新数据很重要。
Tsinghua
University,founded
in
1911,is
home
to
a
great
number
of
outstanding
figures.
清华大学创建于1911年,从那里走出了一大批杰出的人物。
He
is
watching
his
figure.
他一直注意保持身材。
【词汇拓展】
figure
out理解,弄明白;计算出
Sitting
back
in
the
car
on
the
way
to
the
airport,I
figured
it
all
out.
坐在开往机场的车上,我全部都弄明白了。
Children
may
have
greater
ability
to
figure
out
things
than
scientists.
儿童比科学家具备更大的可以把事情弄清楚的能力。
The
Empire
of
Light
has
produced
different
reactions
in
viewers.(Page
9)
《光之帝国》在观众中产生了不同的反应。
【词汇精讲】
reaction用作名词,意为“反应”,和介词to搭配。
What
was
his
reaction
to
the
news?
他对这消息有何反应?
I
made
friends
with
the
natives,and
their
reaction
amazed
me.
我和当地人交朋友,他们的反应让我惊讶。
If
I
find
someone
who
looks
like
the
suspect,my
immediate
reaction
will
be
to
tell
the
police.
如果我发现看上去像犯罪嫌疑人的人,我最直接的反应就是要报警。
【词汇拓展】
react
vi.做出反应,回应
react
to对……做出反应
How
did
he
react
to
your
suggestion?
他对你的建议做何反应?
—How
did
your
mother
react
to
the
news?
你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样?
—She
reacted
by
getting
very
angry.
她的反应是非常生气。
Between
1953
and
1954,he
painted
the
same
scene
27
times.(Page
9)
在1953年和1954年间,同样的景色他画了27次。
【词汇精讲】
scene用作名词,意为“景色”,还可表示“(戏剧的)一场;场面”。
The
sunrise
was
a
beautiful
scene.日出是美景。
The
first
scene
of
the
play
is
the
king’s
palace.
剧中的第一个场景是王宫。
The
team’s
victory
produced
scenes
of
joy
all
over
the
country.
球队的胜利使举国上下一片欢腾。
【词汇拓展】
the
scene
of
the
accident/attack/crime事故/袭击/犯罪的现场
scenery
n.[U]自然美景
He
also
took
a
drug
that
can
make
people
see
yellow
spots,just
like
the
stars
in
The
Starry
Night.(Page
8)
他还服用了一种能让人看到黄色斑点的药物,就像《星月夜》中的星星。
【词汇精讲】
spot用作名词,意为“(圆)点;斑点;污渍”,还可以表示“地点,场所,处所”;
也可用作动词,意为“发现”。
She
was
wearing
a
black
skirt
with
white
spots.
她穿着一条黑底白点的裙子。
Some
animals,like
leopards,have
spots.
有些动物,比如豹子,身上有斑点。
His
jacket
was
covered
with
spots
of
mud.
他的上衣满是泥点。
He
sought
out
a
shady
spot
where
he
might
sit
down
and
rest.
他找到了一个可以坐下来休息的阴凉地方。
I
finally
spotted
my
friend
in
the
crowd.
我终于在人群中认出了我的朋友。
【词汇拓展】
on
the
spot马上,当场;在现场
a
white
cat
with
brown
spots带褐色斑点的白猫
a
few
spots
of
blood一些血渍
a
quiet
spot
on
the
beach海滩上一个安静的地方
stage
design(Page
6)
舞台设计
【词汇精讲】
stage用作名词,意为“舞台;讲台;阶段”,还可表示“场所,现场”。
This
technology
is
still
in
its
early
stages.
这项技术还处于早期开发状态。
The
children
are
at
different
stages
of
development.
这些孩子处于不同的成长阶段。
The
audience
threw
flowers
onto
the
stage.
观众把鲜花抛向舞台。
There
were
more
than
50
people
on
stage
in
one
scene.
一场戏舞台上有50多人。
【词汇拓展】
(1)at/in
the
early/initial
stage在早期/最初阶段
at/in
the
later/final/closing
stage在后续/最终/结束阶段
a
new
stage新阶段
on
the
world/international/political
stage在世界/国际/政治舞台上
(2)当stage在定语从句中作先行词时,关系副词用where。
What
makes
it
striking
is
that
it
shows
a
thin
figure
with
an
expression
of
fear
—
the
figure’s
mouth
is
wide
open
and
letting
out
a
powerful
scream.(Page
9)
使它引人注目的是它显示了一个瘦削的面带恐惧的身影——那人张大了嘴,发出一声有力的尖叫。
【词汇精讲】
striking用作形容词,意为“惊人的;显著的”。
Her
big
eyes
are
her
most
striking
feature.
大眼睛是她容貌最显著的特点。
There
is
a
striking
contrast
between
the
two
interpretations.
这两种解释截然不同。
【词汇拓展】
a
striking
contrast明显的对比
a
striking
feature显著的特征
talented
(Page
6)adj.有才能的;有天资的
【词汇精讲】
talented用作形容词,意为“有才能的;有天资的”,往往和介词in/at搭配。
Louis
Armstrong
was
a
born
musician.He
was
not
only
talented
but
also
hard-working.
路易斯·阿姆斯特朗是个天才音乐家。他不仅有天赋,还很刻苦。
【词汇拓展】
talent
n.天资,天赋;人才,天才
have/show
a
talent
for有/显示……的天赋
talent
show才艺展示
近义词:
gift
n.天赋 gifted
adj.有天赋的
You
should
be
confident
and
focus
on
your
own
talents
and
strengths.
你应该自信,关注自己的天赋和优点。
She
showed
considerable
talent
for
getting
what
she
wanted.
她很有天资,能够心想事成。
Albert
Einstein
is
viewed
as
a
talent
in
science.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦被视为一名科学天才。
She
showed
a
talent
for
designing
clothes
at
an
early
age.
她在很小的时候就表现出了在服装设计方面的天赋。
【核心句式】
Others,however,find
them
calming.(Page
9)
然而,另一些人则觉得他们很平静。
【句式剖析】
本句中“find
them
calming”是find的复合结构,其结构是“find
+宾语+宾语补足语”,形容词calming作宾语补足语。
I
like
light
music
because
I
find
it
relaxing.
我喜欢轻音乐是因为我觉得它令人放松。
【句式拓展】
“find复合结构”常见的考查方式是宾语补足语的形式,常见的有现在分词、过去分词、介词短语或形容词。当不定式或从句作宾语时,往往用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语后置。
She
found
a
wallet
lying
on
the
ground.
她发现地上有一个钱包。
I
found
two
of
the
windows
broken.
我发现有两扇玻璃窗被打破了。
I
found
his
explanation
hard
to
accept.
我发现他的解释很难接受。
I
found
it
surprising
that
they
were
still
together.
发现他们还在一起时我很惊讶。
She
woke
up
and
found
herself
in
a
hospital
bed.
她醒来发现自己躺在医院的床上。
They
find
it
difficult
for
us
to
repay
the
money.
他们发现对于我们来说还债很难。Unit
7
Art-Lesson
3
A
musical
genius
核心考点解析
【核心词汇】
The
two
artists
had
more
in
common
than
mutual
admiration.(Page
21)
两位艺术家的共同之处不只是相互欣赏。
【词汇精讲】
admiration用作名词,意为“敬佩;羡慕”。
They
looked
at
him
with
great
admiration.
他们用钦佩的目光注视着他。
I
have
great
admiration
for
him
as
a
writer.
我十分钦佩他这个作家。
【词汇拓展】
(1)with/in
admiration钦佩地
express/have/show
admiration
for
sb
/sth钦佩某人/某事
admire
vt.赞美,钦佩;羡慕,夸奖
admire
sb
for
sth因某事而钦佩/羡慕某人
admire
oneself自我欣赏
(2)admirable
adj.可钦佩的;值得赞赏的
admiring
adj.赞赏的
His
achievements
are
admirable.
他的成就令人钦佩。
People
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
mooncakes
during
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival.
中秋节时人们会赏月品尝月饼。
I
admire
him
for
his
bravery
and
learning.
我羡慕他胆识过人,学识渊博。
I
wonder
if
you
could
also
give
me
more
information
about
how
to
apply
to
be
part
of
this
festival.(Page
19)
我想知道你是否可以给我更多关于如何申请加入这个节日的信息。
【词汇精讲】
apply在本句中用作动词,意为“申请”,还可表示“使用,应用”。
You
should
apply
immediately,in
person
or
by
letter.
你应该立刻申请,或者亲自去,或者写信。
He
has
applied
to
the
company
for
a
post
in
England.
他已向公司申请在英国供职。
He
applied
to
join
the
party.
他申请入党。
I’m
trying
to
apply
the
theory
to
my
teaching.
我正在努力把这一理论应用于我的教学中。
【词汇拓展】
(1)apply
to...
for...向……申请……
apply
to
do
sth申请做某事
apply...
to...把……应用于……
apply
to适用于
What
I
am
saying
applies
only
to
some
of
you.
我所说的只涉及你们中的一些人。
This
rule
doesn’t
apply
to
children.
这条规则不适用于孩子。
(2)application
n.申请,申请书
applicant
n.申请人
I
appreciate
your
help
and
look
forward
to
hearing
from
you.(Page
19)
我感激你的帮助并渴望收到你的来信。
【词汇精讲】
appreciate用作动词,意为“感激;欣赏”。还可以表示“理解;领会”。
I’d
appreciate
it
if
you
could
let
me
know
in
advance
whether
or
not
you
will
come.
如果能提前告知您是否能来,我将不胜感激。
You
can’t
really
appreciate
foreign
literature
in
translation.
看翻译作品无法真正欣赏外国文学的美妙之处。
He
failed
to
appreciate
the
importance
of
the
meeting.
他未能领会到会议的重要性。
Her
family
don’t
appreciate
her.
她的家人不重视她。
【词汇拓展】
appreciate
doing
sth感激做某事
appreciate
sb
/one’s
doing
sth感激某人做某事
appreciate其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句,若语义上需要接这类从句,需借助it。
I
really
appreciate
his
coming
to
help.
他能来帮忙我十分感激。
Not
only
was
he
extremely
productive-it
is
said
that
he
created
an
average
of
500
paintings
a
year-but
he
was
also
able
to
master
a
variety
of
painting
styles,ranging
from
detailed
portraits
to
expressive
landscapes.(Page
21)
他不仅非常有效率-据说他平均每年创作500幅画-而且他也能够掌握各种绘画风格,从详细的肖像画到富有表现力的风景画。
【词汇精讲】
average用作名词,意为“平均数;平均水平”,也可用作形容词,意为“一般的,普通的;平均的”。
In
1900,the
average
American
lifespan
was
only
47
years
old,but
today
it
is
75
years
old!
在1900年美国人的平均寿命是47岁,而现在是75岁。
He
drives
at
an
average
speed
of
120
miles
an
hour.
他以平均每小时120英里的速度行车。
【词汇拓展】
an
average
of平均是……
above
average高于平均水平
on
(the)
average在平均水平上
below
average低于平均水平
He
was
a
good
student
and
scored
above
average
in
most
subjects.
他是一名优等生,大多数学科的成绩都在平均水平之上。
400
people
a
year
die
of
this
disease
on
(the)
average.
平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。
Temperatures
are
below
average
for
the
time
of
year.
今年的温度低于此时的年平均温度。
There’s
a
way
to
benefit
from
your
work
without
spoiling
public
property.(Page
23)
有一种方法可以从你的工作中受益,而不会破坏公共财产。
【词汇精讲】
benefit在本句中用作动词,意为“使受益;得益于”,还可以用作名词,意为“益处”。
Enough
sleep
can
benefit
your
skin.
睡眠充足对你的皮肤有益。
Many
of
the
things
we
now
benefit
from
would
not
be
around
but
for
Thomas
Edison.
要不是爱迪生的发明,今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。
【词汇拓展】
(1)sth
benefit
sb
某物对某人有益
sb
benefit
from
sth某人从某物中受益
for
the
benefit
of为了……的利益/好处
(2)beneficial
adj.有益的
be
of
benefit
to
=
be
beneficial
to对……有益
China
has
been
pushing
the
reform
of
public
hospitals
for
the
benefit
of
all
its
citizens.
中国一直在推进公立医院的改革,以造福全体公民。
Sunshine
is
of
benefit
to
plants.
阳光对植物有益。
This
tag
was
a
name
they
created
to
identify
themselves
and
their
artwork.(Page
22)
这个标签是一个名字,他们创建这个标签来识别自己和他们的艺术作品。
【词汇精讲】
identify用作动词,意为“确定,发现;
认出,识别”。
First
of
all
we
must
identify
the
problem
areas.
首先我们必须找出问题所在。
The
bodies
were
identified
as
those
of
two
suspected
drug
dealers.
那两具尸体被辨认出是两名贩毒犯罪嫌疑人的。
【词汇拓展】
identification
n.身份证明
Some
think
it
is
a
crime
if
done
without
a
property
owner’s
permission,while
others
see
this
as
a
rich
form
of
non-traditional
cultural
expression.(Page
22)
一些人认为在没有得到业主许可的情况下进行(涂鸦)是一种犯罪,而另一些人则认为这是一种丰富的非传统文化表现形式。
【词汇精讲】
permission用作名词,意为“允许;许可”。
The
school
has
been
refused
permission
to
expand.
学校扩建未得到许可。
No
official
permission
has
been
given
for
the
event
to
take
place.
这项活动未得到正式批准,不能进行。
She
took
the
car
without
permission.
她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。
【词汇拓展】
(1)permission
n.允许
without
permission未经许可
(2)permit
vt.允许,许可 n.许可证(书面)
permit
sb
to
do
sth允许某人做某事(被动:sb
be
permitted
to
do
sth)
permit
doing
sth允许做某事
permit
sb
sth允许某人某事
a
fishing/parking
permit捕捞/停车许可证
(3)permit的过去式、过去分词为permitted;现在分词是permitting。
Not
only
was
he
extremely
productive-it
is
said
that
he
created
an
average
of
500
paintings
a
year-but
he
was
also
able
to
master
a
variety
of
painting
styles,ranging
from
detailed
portraits
to
expressive
landscapes.(Page
21)
他不仅非常有效率-据说他平均每年创作500幅画-而且他也能够掌握各种绘画风格,从详细的肖像画到富有表现力的风景画。
【词汇精讲】
range在本句中用作动词,意为“(在一定的范围内)变化;包括(各种不同的人或事物)”,也可用作名词,意为“种类;范围”。
She
has
had
a
number
of
different
jobs,ranging
from
cooks
to
swimming
instructors.
她做过许多不同的工作,从厨师到游泳教练。
Several
cars
are
available
within
this
price
range.
在这个价格范围内,有好几种汽车可供选购。
【词汇拓展】
range
from
A
to
B
在A到B之间变化;包括从A到B之间的各种事物
range
between
A
and
B
在A到B之间变化
a
range
of一系列
within/in
range
(of
sth)
在(……)可及的范围内
out
of
range
(of
sth)
超出(……的)范围
The
prices
of
the
trousers
here
range
between
30
yuan
and
1,300
yuan.
这里裤子的价格从
30元到1,300元不等。
The
cat
stayed
well
out
of
range
of
the
children.
这只猫离孩子们远远的。
【核心短语】
It
is
said
that
the
two
artists
admired
each
other.(Page
21)
据说这两位艺术家互相欣赏。
【句式剖析】
本句属于“It+be+过去分词+that...”结构,句中that引导主语从句。
在“It+be+过去分词+that...”结构中,it是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语,that仅起连接作用,不作成分。
常用于此句式的动词有:say,report,think,believe,know等。
It
is
believed
that
working
hard
can
lead
to
success.
人们相信努力工作就能成功。
It
is
said
that
he
has
passed
the
driving
test.
据说他已经通过了驾驶考试。
【句式拓展】
以上句型可转换为“sb/sth+be+过去分词+不定式”。
Working
hard
is
believed
to
lead
to
success.
He
is
said
to
have
passed
the
driving
test.
Born
into
an
artistic
family,Zhang
Daqian
was
first
taught
how
to
paint
by
his
mother
and
siblings.(Page
21)
张大千出生于一个艺术世家,他的母亲和兄弟姐妹首先教他画画。
【句式剖析】
在本句中,“Born
into
an
artistic
family”是过去分词作状语。
Born
into
a
rich
family,he
had
a
happy
childhood.
出生于一个富庶的家庭,他有一个快乐的童年。
Faced
with
so
many
problems,we
have
difficulties
in
conducting
the
experiment.
面对这么多的问题,我们进行实验有困难。
【句式拓展】
常用于这个用法的特殊结构有:
be
lost
in迷失在;
be
absorbed
in专注于;
be
dressed
in穿着……的衣服;
be
faced
with面对;
be
devoted
to献身于;
be
addicted
to对……上瘾;
be
accustomed
to习惯于;
be
seated
in坐在……;
be
buried
in埋头于;
be
exposed
to接触;暴露于;
be
born
in出生于;
be
based
on以……为基础。Unit
7
Art-Lesson
2
Beijing
opera
核心考点解析
【核心词汇】
...she
said
with
a
broad
smile.(Page
15)
……她笑着说。
【词汇精讲】
broad用作形容词,意为“宽阔的;广博的”。
There
is
broad
support
for
the
government’s
policies.
政府的政策得到了广泛的支持。
Our
teacher
is
a
man
of
broad
experience.
我们的老师是个经验丰富的人。
He
has
a
broad
mind
in
these
matters.
在这些问题方面他见多识广。
【词汇拓展】
(1)a
broad
street/river宽广的街道/河流
broad
shoulders宽肩
a
broad
smile开怀大笑
in
broad
daylight大白天;光天化日
He
greeted
them
with
a
wave
and
a
broad
smile.
他咧嘴笑着挥手和他们打招呼。
(2)broaden
vt.使增加;使心胸开阔
Travel
broadens
our
mind.旅游使人心胸开阔。
(3)近义词:wide
(4)形近词:
路(road)是宽广(broad)的
登记(aboard)出国(abroad)让你的眼界更开阔(broad)。
The
one
person
in
the
room
who
didn’t
hear
the
symphony
—
and
never
would
—
was
the
very
man
who
composed
it.(Page
15)
房间里那个没有听到,并且永远也不会听到这首交响乐的人竟然是它的创作者。
【词汇精讲】
compose用作动词,意为“作(曲);构成;写作”,还可以表示“组成”。
Vivaldi
composed
a
large
number
of
very
fine
concertos.
维瓦尔第创作了大量非常优美的协奏曲。
He
started
at
once
to
compose
a
reply
to
Anna.
他立刻开始给安娜写回信。
Ten
men
compose
the
committee.
委员会由十人组成。
【词汇拓展】
be
composed
of由……组成(be
made
up
of;consist
of)
composer
n.作曲家
The
theatre’s
musical
director,Michael
Umlauf,joined
him
and
together
the
two
men
took
charge
of
the
orchestra.(Page
15)
剧院的音乐总监迈克尔·乌姆劳夫也加入了他的行列,两人一起负责乐团的工作。
【词汇精讲】
charge在本句中用作名词,意为“主管;负责”,常用于词组take
charge
(of)中,意为“负责,掌管”;还可作为动词,意为“收费”。
As
group
leader,you
should
take
charge.
身为组长,你应当负起责任来。
—Do
you
know
if
Linda
is
willing
to
take
charge
of
the
program?
你知道琳达愿不愿意负责这个项目吗?
—It
doesn’t
hurt
to
ask,does
it?
问一问没有关系吧?
【词汇拓展】
in
charge
(of)负责;掌管
in
the
charge
of/in
one’s
charge由……负责
free
of
charge免费
charge
sb
for
sth因某事向某人收费
He
asked
to
speak
to
the
person
in
charge
of
the
project.
他要求和负责该项目的人谈谈。
This
program
is
in
his
charge/in
the
charge
of
him.
这个项目由他负责。
The
books
will
be
given
to
the
students
free
of
charge.
学生们将会免费收到书。
He
charged
me
20
yuan
for
repairing
my
bike.
他给我修自行车,收费20元。
The
audience
did
not
hesitate
to
applaud
loudly
as
the
famous
composer
walked
out
onto
the
stage
for
the
first
time
in
12
years.(Page
15)
12年来,当这位著名的作曲家第一次走上舞台时,观众们毫不犹豫地热烈鼓掌。
【词汇精讲】
hesitate用作动词,意为“犹豫;踌躇”,常用于not
hesitate
to
do
sth“毫不犹豫做某事,尽管做某事”结构中,意为“毫不犹豫做某事,尽管做某事”。
She
hesitated
before
replying.
她犹豫了一下才回答。
Please
do
not
hesitate
to
ask
me
if
you
have
any
questions.
如果有疑问请尽管问我。
【词汇拓展】
(1)hesitate
about
doing
sth对于做……感到犹豫
hesitate
to
do
sth不情愿做某事
(2)hesitation
n.犹豫
without
hesitation毫不犹豫地
I
didn’t
hesitate
for
a
moment
about
taking
the
job.
我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。
A
few
students
hesitated
to
start.
有几个学生犹豫要不要开始。
She
agreed
without
hesitation.
她毫不犹豫地同意了。
Otherwise,it
would
have
been
difficult
to
attract
the
audience’s
attention.(Page
105)
否则,它很难吸引观众的注意力。
【词汇精讲】
otherwise用作副词,意为“否则,不然”。
Do
some
exercise
as
a
preparation
before
you
swim.Otherwise,you
may
hurt
yourself.
开始游泳前做一些准备性的训练。否则,你可能会伤到自己。
Do
it
now.Otherwise,it
will
be
too
late.
现在就开始吧。要不然就太迟了。
Seize
the
chance;otherwise
you’ll
regret.
抓住这个机会吧,否则你会后悔的。
You
have
failed
two
tests.You’d
better
start
working
hard.Otherwise,you
won’t
pass
the
course.
你已经两次测验都不及格了,最好开始努力学习了,否则你这门课程会通不过。
【词汇拓展】
(1)otherwise还可以表示“在其他方面”。
I
want
to
see
him
but
he
is
otherwise
busy.
我想见他,但他正忙着其他的事。
The
rent
is
a
little
high,but
otherwise
the
house
is
satisfactory.
房租有点高,但是在其他方面房子很令人满意。
(2)近义词or
This
is
because
in
the
early
days,Beijing
Opera
was
usually
performed
on
open-air
stages.(Page
105)
这是因为早期的京剧通常在露天舞台演出。
【教材精讲】
perform用作动词,意为“表演;演出”,还可表示“表现;做;执行;履行”。
He
performed
a
dance
for
them.
他为他们表演了一段舞蹈。
Tools
can
perform
the
complex
work
for
us.
这些工具可以为我们完成复杂工作。
【词汇拓展】
(1)perform
vt.表演;演出;表现;做;执行;履行
perform
magic
tricks表演魔术
perform
well表现好
perform
badly表现差
perform
an
experiment/a
ceremony做实验/举行仪式
perform
an
operation做手术
perform
a
task执行任务
perform
an
important
role
in在……发挥重要作用
(2)performance
n.表演;演出
performer
n.表演者
He
proceeded
with
the
composition
until
his
death
in
1827,writing
more
than
130
musical
works,including
his
Symphony
No.9
in
D
minor.(Page
14)
他继续创作直到1827年去世,创作了130多部音乐作品,包括他的D小调第九交响曲。
【词汇精讲】
proceed用作动词,意为“继续;进行”。
Work
is
proceeding
slowly.
工作进展缓慢。
【词汇拓展】
proceed
with继续某事
proceed
to
do
sth继续做某事
proceed
to前去……
We’re
not
sure
whether
we
still
want
to
proceed
with
the
sale.
我们不确定是否还要继续减价促销。
He
outlined
his
plans
and
then
proceeded
to
explain
them
in
more
detail.
他简单介绍了他的计划,接着又进行了更详细的解释。
Passengers
for
Rome
should
proceed
to
Gate
32
for
boarding.
前往罗马的旅客,请到32号登机口登机。
I
think
you’re
referring
to
the
fact
that
performers
often
sing
with
very
high
voices.(Page
105)
我想你指的是表演者经常高声歌唱的事实。
【词汇精讲】
refer用作动词,意为“提到;谈到”,往往和介词to连用,还可表示“指的是;参考;查阅”。
Her
mother
never
referred
to
him
again.
她的母亲再也没有提起过他。
You
know
who
I’m
referring
to.
你知道我指的是谁。
You
may
refer
to
your
notes
if
necessary.
如果有必要的话你可以查阅笔记。
【词汇拓展】
(1)refer
to指的是;描述;提到;查询
refer
to...as...把……称作……
refer的过去式、过去分词均为referred。
(2)reference
n.提到;参考;查阅;查询
reference
books参考书
make
reference
to提及
Winston
made
no
reference
to
what
had
happened.
温斯顿没有提及发生的事。
As
he
proudly
signed
his
name
at
the
bottom
of
the
page,Beethoven
tried
to
imagine
how
people
would
respond
when
they
heard
it
for
the
first
time.(Page
14)
当他骄傲地在这张纸的底部签名时,贝多芬试图想象人们第一次听到这首曲子时会有什么反应。
【词汇精讲】
在本句中respond用作动词,意为“回应,回复”,往往和介词to搭配。
When
asked
about
the
company’s
future,the
director
responded
that
he
remained
optimistic.
问到公司的未来时经理回答说他依然乐观。
I
asked
him
his
name,but
he
didn’t
respond.
我问他叫什么名字,可他没回答。
She
never
responded
to
my
letter.
她从来没给我回过信。
【词汇拓展】
respond
to回答;回应
response
n.回答;回应
make
a
response
to...对……做出回应
in
response
to...对……做出回应
I
asked
him
his
name,but
he
didn’t
make
a
response
to
my
question.
我问他他的名字,但他没有回答我的问题。
The
product
was
developed
in
response
to
the
customers’
demands.
该产品是根据客户需求开发的。
As
the
final,joyous
note
signalled
the
end
of
the
symphony,the
audience
jumped
to
their
feet,clapping,cheering
and
waving
their
hats.(Page
15)
最后,交响乐在欢快的音符中结束,观众们跳起来,鼓掌、欢呼、挥舞帽子。
【词汇精讲】
signal用作动词时意为“标志着;预示”,用作名词时意为“标识;信号”。
In
order
not
to
be
heard,she
pointed
her
finger
upwards
to
signal
that
someone
was
moving
about
upstairs.
为了不被听到,她手指向上指,示意有人正在楼上走动。
The
teacher
signalled
for
quietness.
老师示意大家安静。
He
signalled
(to)
the
waiter
for
the
bill.
他示意服务员结账。
She
signalled
(to)
the
car
to
stop
by
raising
her
hand.
她举手示意车停下。
The
traffic
on
the
main
streets
has
a
longer
green
signal
than
that
on
the
small
ones.
主干道上的交通比小街道的交通拥有更长时间的绿灯信号。
【词汇拓展】
(1)give/send
out
a
signal发出信号
the
signal
for
help求救信号
danger/warning
signal危险信号/警示信号
(2)signal
to
sb
向某人发出信号
signal
(to)
sb
to
do
sth用信号指示某人做某事;示意某人做某事
(3)signal的过去式、过去分词用signalled或signaled都可以。
Inspired
by
his
struggles
with
deafness,the
composer
produced
some
amazing
pieces,including
nine
symphonies,five
piano
pieces,and
an
opera!(Page
14)
这位作曲家受到与失聪作斗争的启发,创作了一些令人惊奇的作品,包括九首交响乐,五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧!
【词汇精讲】
struggle用作名词意为“奋斗”;用作动词意为“奋斗,拼搏”。
It
is
a
struggle
for
him
to
remember
the
new
words.
对他来说记住生词并非易事。
【词汇拓展】
a
struggle一件困难的事
struggle
to
do
sth努力做某事
struggle
for为……而奋斗
struggle
with/against与……抗争
He
is
struggling
to
learn
English
well.
他正在努力学好英语。
The
country
is
struggling
for
independence.
那个国家正在为了独立而斗争。
He
has
been
struggling
with/against
cancer
for
two
years.
他已经同癌症斗争两年了。
【核心句式】
It
was
not
until
Caroline
Unger,one
of
the
singers,took
his
arm
and
turned
him
to
face
the
audience
that
the
great
man
realised
his
symphony
was
a
success.(Page
15)
直到其中一个歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔挽起他的手臂,转过身来面对观众,这位伟人才意识到他的交响曲成功了。
【句式剖析】
本句为强调句型,被强调的部分是时间状语until
Caroline
Unger,one
of
the
singers,took
his
arm
and
turned
him
to
face
the
audience,原句可变为:The
great
man
didn’t
realise
his
symphony
was
a
success
until
Caroline
Unger,one
of
the
singers,took
his
arm
and
turned
him
to
face
the
audience。
It
was
not
until
the
next
day
that
I
knew
the
truth.
直到第二天,我才知道事情的真相。
【句式拓展】
强调句的结构是“It
is/was...that...”,通常强调主语、宾语、状语,可以强调单个词、短语或从句。it本身没有实义。
not...until结构用于强调句中其结构为“It
was
not
until...
that...
直到……才……”。
We
didn’t
leave
until
the
rain
stopped.
→
It
was
not
until
the
rain
stopped
that
we
left.
直到雨停了我们才离开。
But
Beethoven
continued
conducting,his
head
buried
in
the
score.(Page
15)
但是贝多芬继续指挥,头埋在乐谱里。
【句式剖析】
在本句中,“his
head
buried
in
the
score”是独立主格结构,用作伴随状语,转换成句子应为“and
his
head
was
buried
in
the
score”。
The
task
well
finished,we
were
given
a
prize.
任务圆满完成,我们被嘉奖。
【句式拓展】
动词-ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
独立主格结构通常由“名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成。
现在分词表示主动意义;
过去分词表示被动意义或动作已完成;
不定式表示尚未发生或将要发生的动作。
Time
permitting,we
can
wander
around
the
park.
如果时间允许,我们可以去公园漫步。
The
trees
are
extremely
tall,some
measuring
over
90
metres.
那些树非常高,其中一些高达90多米。
The
problem
solved,the
governor
felt
relaxed.
问题解决了,州长感觉轻松了。
So
much
baggage
to
carry,I
had
to
take
a
taxi.
有那么多行李要拿,我不得不乘出租车。
He
came
into
the
classroom,book
in
hand.
他进了教室,手里拿着一本书。
That’s
why
it’s
one
of
China’s
national
treasures.(Page
105)
这就是它成为中国的国宝的原因之一。
【句式剖析】
That
is
why...是一个常用句型,是一个由why引导的表语从句,意为“这/那就是……的原因”。
That
was
why
he
had
bought
the
papers
with
all
his
money.
那就是他用所有的钱买了报纸的原因。
That
is
why
we
decided
to
put
the
meeting
off.
那就是我们决定推迟会议的原因。
He
didn’t
go
over
his
lessons;that’s
why
he
didn’t
pass
the
exam.
他没有复习;那就是他考试不及格的原因。
【句式拓展】
The
reason
why...is
that...……的原因是……
It/This/That
is
because...这是因为……
The
reason
why
Tom
looked
angry
is
that
he
quarreled
with
his
sister
this
morning.
汤姆看起来生气的原因是他今天早晨和妹妹吵架了。
Jim
missed
the
bus.That
was
because
he
got
up
late.
吉姆错过公交车,原因是他起床晚了。
He
failed
the
exam.That
was
because
he
didn’t
work
hard
enough.
他考试不及格。那是因为他学习不刻苦。
