Unit
8
Green
Living-Lesson
2
Greening
and
desert
核心考点解析
【词汇解析】
In
the
1960s,a
group
of
cycling
fans
came
up
with
an
idea.(Page
36)
20世纪60年代,一群骑行爱好者提出了一个想法。
【词汇精讲】
come
up
with意为“想出,提出”。
Can
you
come
up
with
a
better
idea?
你能想出一个好点的主意吗?
【词汇拓展】
put
up
with忍受,容忍
catch
up
with赶上
keep
up
with跟上
I
have
trouble
keeping
up
with
the
rest
of
the
class.
我跟不上班里的其他学生。
I
love
books
because
they
help
me
keep
up
with
things
I
need
to
know
for
my
profession.
我爱图书,因为它们能帮助我获取我需要了解的相关专业的知识。
I
can
put
up
with
the
house
being
untidy,but
I
hate
it
if
it’s
not
clean.
我能忍受房间凌乱,但不喜欢它不干净。
We’ll
do
our
best
to
catch
up
with
the
advanced
world
levels.
我们将努力赶上世界先进水平。
Ms
Yi
had
a
contented
life
until
a
terrible
event
occurred
which
changed
her
life.(Page
106)
易女士一直过着心满意足的生活,直到发生了一件可怕的事情,改变了她的生活。
【词汇精讲】
contented用作形容词,意为“满意的;满足的”。
The
lady
looked
at
me
with
a
contented
smile.
那位夫人带着满意的微笑看着我。
By
following
the
steps,mothers
should
be
able
to
lead
a
fulfilling
and
contented
life.
按照这些步骤去做,妈妈们一定会感到日子充实、心情惬意。
【词汇拓展】
content
n.内容;目录;所容纳之物;所含之物(多用复数) adj.满意的
be
content
with
对……满意
She
hadn’t
read
the
book
and
didn’t
know
its
content.
她没有读过那本书,所以对其内容一无所知。
He
put
the
contents
of
the
bag
onto
the
table.
他把提包里的东西倒在了桌子上。
The
first
page
of
the
book
is
the
contents
page.
这本书的第一页是目录页。
Don’t
be
content
with
such
small
success.
不要满足于这样小的成功。
【误区点拨】
(1)content用作名词时多表示“内容”,复数形式contents可表示“目录;所容纳之物;所装物品”。
(2)contented和content都可以用作形容词表示“满意的”,content往往用作表语,而contented既可作定语又可作表语。
She
has
made
a
huge
difference
with
her
determination
to
make
her
son’s
dreams
a
reality.(Page
107)
她让儿子的梦想成为现实的决心产生了很大的影响。
【词汇精讲】
determination用作名词,意为“决心;毅力”。
He
survived
with
great
determination.
他凭借坚强的意志活了下来。
He
fought
the
illness
with
great
courage
and
determination.
他顽强地与病魔作斗争。
【词汇拓展】
determine
vt.决定;确定
determine
to
do
sth决定做某事
determined
adj.坚决的;有决心的
be
determined
to
do
sth决心做某事
Your
present
determines
your
future.
你的现在决定你的未来。
They
determined
to
start
early.
他们决定早点出发。
There
is
a
determined
look
on
his
face.
他脸上有一种坚定的表情。
He
is
determined
to
give
up
smoking.
他决定戒烟。
Ms
Yi
had
a
contented
life
until
a
terrible
event
occurred
which
changed
her
life.(Page
106)
易女士一直过着心满意足的生活,直到发生了一件可怕的事情,改变了她的生活。
【词汇精讲】
occur用作动词,意为“发生;出现”。
Two-thirds
of
the
deaths
caused
by
passive
smoking
occur
in
Africa
and
South
Asia.
吸二手烟而导致的死亡有三分之二发生在非洲和南亚。
A
brilliant
idea
occurred
to
me.
我想到一个极好的主意。
It
didn’t
occur
to
him
that
she
would
refuse
his
invitation.
他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。
We
mustn’t
allow
the
mistake
to
occur
again.
我们绝对不允许再次发生这样的错误。
【词汇拓展】
(1)occur不用于被动语态;过去式和过去分词为occurred;现在分词为occurring。
(2)sth
occur
to
sb某人想到某物
It
occurs
to
sb
that...某人突然想到……
I
have
complete
respect
for
her
and
admire
her
strength
in
overcoming
such
a
great
personal
loss.(Page
107)
我完全尊重并钦佩她具有克服如此巨大的个人损失的力量。
【词汇精讲】
overcome用作动词,意为“克服(困难);控制(感情)”。
She
overcame
injury
to
win
the
Olympic
gold
medal.
她战胜了伤痛,赢得了奥运会金牌。
The
two
parties
managed
to
overcome
their
differences
on
the
issue.
两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
Her
parents
were
overcome
with
sadness
at
the
funeral.
在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。
【词汇拓展】
(1)overcome的过去式,过去分词分别为overcame,overcome。
(2)get
over克服
A
Non-Profit
Organisation
I
Admire
(Page
34)
我所敬佩的一个非营利组织
【词汇精讲】
profit用作名词,意为“盈利,利润”。
There
is
very
little
profit
in
selling
newspapers
at
present.
现在卖报纸利润很少。
The
telephone
companies
are
making
good
profits
every
day.
电话公司每天获利颇丰。
【词汇拓展】
a
rise/an
increase/a
drop/a
fall
in
profits
收益的上升/增长/跌落/下降
a
healthy/good
profit获利颇丰
make
a
profit获利
net
profit纯利润
non-profit
adj.非营利的
for
profit为了盈利
at
a
profit有盈利
The
local
government
agreed
with
her
proposal
to
plant
one
million
trees
in
the
region
over
ten
years.(Page
106-107)
当地政府同意她的建议,10年内在该地区种植100万棵树。
【词汇精讲】
proposal用作名词,意为“提议;建议”。
I
hope
that
you
will
consider
my
proposals.
我希望你能认真考虑我的建议。
You
will
find
these
proposals
helpful.
你会发现这些提议很有帮助。
【词汇拓展】
(1)make
a
proposal提出建议
submit
a
proposal提交建议
accept
a
proposal接受建议
(2)propose
vt.提议
The
government
proposes
changing
the
voting
system.
The
government
proposes
changes
to
the
voting
system.
The
government
proposes
that
the
voting
system
(should)
be
changed.
政府建议改变选举系统。
Now
the
trees
have
a
survival
rate
of
85%.(Page
107)
现在这些树的成活率是85%。
【词汇精讲】
rate用作名词,意为“比率,率”,还可以表示“速度”。
At
the
rate
they’re
going,they’ll
be
finished
by
tomorrow.
以目前的速度,他们在明天前可以完成。
The
birth
rate
has
risen
a
little
in
recent
years.
近几年出生率略有提高。
【词汇拓展】
birth
rate出生率
interest
rate利率
unemployment
rate失业率
the
success/failure
rate成功率/失败率
at
any
rate无论如何;至少
Although
there
seemed
only
a
slim
chance
that
the
trees
could
survive,the
difficulty
did
not
prevent
her
from
trying.(Page
107)
尽管这些树存活的可能性很小,但困难并没有阻止她去尝试。
【词汇精讲】
slim用作形容词,意为“微小的;苗条的;薄的”,还可用作动词,意为“减肥”。
A
regular
diet
will
make
you
slimmer.
有规律的饮食会使你更苗条。
His
chances
for
getting
the
scholarship
were
very
slim.
他获得奖学金的希望甚微。
He
lived
on
a
slim
income.
他靠微薄的收入生活。
You
can
still
eat
breakfast
when
you
are
slimming.
你减肥时也可以吃早餐。
【词汇拓展】
slimming
diets减肥食谱
slim
down消瘦,减肥;缩减
Now
the
trees
have
a
survival
rate
of
85%.(Page
107)
现在这些树的成活率是85%。
【词汇精讲】
survival用作名词,意为“生存”。
If
cancers
are
spotted
early
there’s
a
high
chance
of
survival.
如果癌症发现得早,存活的概率就高。
Hopes
are
fading
for
the
survival
of
the
missing
climbers.
失踪的登山者幸存的希望越来越渺茫。
The
survival
of
some
people
in
the
air
crash
was
widely
reported
by
the
press.
空难事件中有些人大难不死被新闻界广泛报道。
【词汇拓展】
(1)survive
vi.&
vt.生存;挺过(难关)
survivor
n.幸存者;生还者
(2)arrive—arrival
refuse—refusal
approve—approval
In
1999,the
“white
bikes”
returned
to
Amsterdam
—
this
time
with
a
computer
tracking
system
to
record
their
every
move!(Page
37)
1999年,“白色自行车”回到阿姆斯特丹——这一次是用电脑跟踪系统记录它们的一举一动!
【词汇精讲】
track
用作动词,意为“追踪”,用作名词意为“轨道;足迹,踪迹;小道”。
We
continued
tracking
the
plane
on
our
radar.
我们继续用雷达追踪那架飞机。
We
followed
the
bear’s
tracks
in
the
snow.
我们跟着熊在雪地上留下的足迹走。
We
were
walking
along
a
muddy
track
through
the
forest.
我们沿着一条穿过森林的泥泞小径行走。
【词汇拓展】
tracking
system追踪系统
tracking
station跟踪站
track
down追踪到;追查到
be
on
the
right
track思路正确
keep
track
of了解……的动态
get
off
the
track偏离正题
The
police
have
so
far
failed
to
track
down
the
attacker.
警方至今未能追捕到攻击者。Unit
8
Green
Living-Lesson
3
“White
bikes”on
the
road
核心考点解析
【核心词汇】
Last
August,city
officials
interviewed
about
500
residents
to
find
out
people’s
attitudes
to
protecting
the
environment
and
what
actions
they
had
taken.(Page
40)
去年8月,城市官员采访了大约500名市民,调查了解人们对环境保护的态度以及他们采取了什么行动。
【词汇精讲】attitude用作名词,意为“看法,态度”。
We
should
keep
positive,optimistic
attitudes
towards
life.
对生活我们要有一个积极乐观的态度。
What’s
your
attitude
to
the
idea?
你对这个想法的态度是什么?
【词汇拓展】
attitude多与介词towards或to连用。
altitude
n.高度;海拔
The
plane
is
flying
at
the
altitude
of
10,000
metres.
飞机在万米高空飞行。
It’s
caused
by
the
build-up
of
carbon
dioxide
and
other
pollutants
in
the
atmosphere.(Page
44)
它是由大气中二氧化碳和其他污染物的积累造成的。
【词汇精讲】
build-up用作名词,意为“增长;加强”。
There
is
a
steady
build-up
of
traffic
in
the
evenings.
晚间的交通逐渐繁忙。
There
has
been
a
build-up
of
troops
on
both
sides
of
the
border.
边境两边的军队都在逐渐增兵。
Heavy
enemy
build-up
along
the
river
has
been
reported.
据报道,敌军已沿河大量集结。
【词汇拓展】
build
up增多,加强;增强……的体质,使更加强壮
We
built
up
this
business
after
ten
years’
struggle.
经过10年拼搏我们成立了这家公司。
He
intends
to
take
more
exercise
to
build
himself
up.
他打算多锻炼来增强体质。
Around
90%
had
tried
to
recycle
waste
such
as
glass,metal
and
paper;and
more
than
two
thirds
(70%)
had
tried
to
cut
back
on
the
use
of
disposable
packaging,such
as
plastic
honey
bottles,and
butter
and
yoghurt
containers.(Page
40)
大约90%的人试图回收玻璃、金属和纸张等废弃物,超过三分之二(70%)的人试图减少使用一次性包装,例如塑料蜂蜜瓶、黄油和酸奶容器。
【词汇精讲】
cut
back
on是固定搭配,意为“削减,缩减”。
We
shall
have
to
cut
back
on
our
spending.
我们将不得不削减我们的经费。
British
classrooms
have
begun
to
cut
back
on
traditional
teaching
and
to
personalise
learning.
英国课堂开始缩减传统教育,开设个性化的学习。
【词汇拓展】
cut
down削减,缩小(on);砍倒
cut
in插嘴,打断(谈话)
cut
across/through抄近路穿过
cut
off切掉;中断;使……与外界隔绝
cut
out删除;剪下
cut
up切开,切碎
This
indicates
that
the
residents
needed
to
pay
more
attention
to
these
two
activities.(Page
40)
这表明居民需要更多关注这两个活动。
【词汇精讲】
indicate用作动词,意为“表明;暗示”。
He
indicated
his
willingness
with
a
nod
of
his
head.
他点头表示愿意。
His
attitude
indicates
that
he
is
not
very
happy
with
what
you
are
doing.
他的态度暗示他对你的所作所为很不高兴。
Research
indicates
that
eating
habits
are
changing
fast.
研究显示,饮食习惯正迅速改变。
【词汇拓展】
indication
n.指出;迹象;指示
They
gave
no
indication
of
how
the
work
should
be
done.
他们根本没说明这项工作该怎样做。
There
are
clear
indications
that
the
economy
is
improving.
有明显的迹象显示经济已开始好转。
Also,the
majority
of
residents
had
cycled
or
walked.(Page
40)
此外,大多数居民已经开始骑自行车或步行。
【词汇精讲】
majority用作名词,意为“大部分;大多数”。
The
majority
of
workers
find
it
quite
hard
to
live
on
the
amount
of
money
they
earn.
大多数职工都觉得很难靠他们挣的那点钱生活。
In
this
village,the
old
are
in
the
majority.
在这个村子里老人占多数。
【词汇拓展】
(1)the
majority
of大多数
in
the
majority占大多数
(2)minority
n.少数
in
the
minority占少数
(3)major
adj.主要的 n.主修科目;专业;某专业的学生 v.主修
major
in主修……科目
Last
August,city
officials
interviewed
about
500
residents
to
find
out
people’s
attitudes
to
protecting
the
environment
and
what
actions
they
had
taken.(Page
40)
去年8月,城市官员采访了大约500名市民,调查了解人们对环境保护的态度以及他们采取了什么行动。
【词汇精讲】
official用作名词意为“官员,高级职员”,用作形容词意为“公务的;官方的”。
Chinese
is
the
official
language
in
our
country.
汉语是我们国家的官方语言。
This
is
his
second
official
visit
to
Russia.
这是他对俄罗斯的第二次正式访问。
Those
present
the
meeting
are
mainly
government
officials.
出席会议的主要是政府官员。
【词汇拓展】
officially
adv.官方地;正式地
The
election
results
have
still
not
been
officially
announced.
选举结果仍未正式公布。
More
than
half
of
those
who
took
part
in
the
survey
had
done
four
of
the
five
activities
in
the
past
month.(Page
40)
在过去一个月中,参加调查的人中超过一半的人完成了五项活动中的四项。
【词汇精讲】
take
part
in
是固定搭配,意为“参加”。
She
will
take
part
in
the
long
jump
in
the
sports
meeting.
她将要参加运动会的跳远项目。
I
am
going
to
take
part
in
an
English
speech
contest
for
middle
school
students
in
July
this
summer.
我将在今年七月参加中学生英语演讲竞赛。
【词汇拓展】
(1)take
part
in的近义词组是participate
in。
(2)如果part之前有形容词修饰,通常加不定冠词。如:take
an
active
part
in
sth
(3)take
part
in后若无宾语,需去掉in。
【核心句式】
They’re
also
setting
a
great
example
for
others
about
how
to
make
the
best
of
a
bad
situation.(Page
43)
他们也为其他人树立了一个很好的榜样,告诉他们如何在糟糕的情况下做出最好的选择。
【句式剖析】
在本句中,how
to
make
the
best
of
a
bad
situation是“疑问词+不定式”结构,作about的宾语,此外,“疑问词+不定式”结构还可在句中作主语或表语。
When
to
start
has
not
been
decided.尚未决定何时动身。
I
don’t
know
what
to
do.我不知道该做些什么。
The
difficulty
was
how
to
cross
the
river.问题在于如何过河。
【句式拓展】
(1)whether和疑问词who
(whom),what,which,when,where,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。其后经常接这种结构的动词有consider,decide,know,learn,wonder等。
(2)“疑问词+不定式”可转化为“疑问词+句子”。
I
don’t
know
what
to
do.?
I
don’t
know
what
I
should
do.
我不知道该做什么。
(3)有些动词,如ask,show,teach
等,可以先接宾语,再接“疑问词+不定式”结构。
Did
you
tell
him
how
to
go
there?
你告诉他怎样去那儿了吗?
In
Europe,Sweden
is
setting
a
great
example
when
it
comes
to
recycling.(Page
43)
在欧洲,瑞典在回收利用方面树立了一个很好的榜样。
【句式剖析】
when
it
comes
to...是固定句式,意为“当涉及……,当谈到……”。
When
it
comes
to
holidays,I
prefer
something
lazy.
说到度假,我宁愿选择懒散一些的方式。
When
it
comes
to
doing
housework,he
is
always
complaining.
说到家务活,他总是抱怨。
When
it
comes
to
classical
music,we
first
think
of
Beethoven
or
Mozart.
谈到古典音乐时,我们首先想到贝多芬或者莫扎特。
【句式拓展】
此句型中的to是介词,后接sth或doing
sth。Unit
8
Green
Living-Lesson
1
Roots
and
shoots
核心考点解析
【核心词汇】
maintaining
the
balance
between
human
and
nature
(Page
28)
保持人与大自然的平衡
【词汇精讲】
balance用作名词,意为“平衡”,常用于固定搭配中。
The
girl
lost
her
balance
and
fell
off
the
balance
beam.
女孩失去了平衡,从平衡木上摔了下来。
Though
she
is
very
successful,she
finds
it
hard
to
keep
a
balance
between
her
businesses
and
her
family
life.
尽管她很成功,但她发现很难保持事业和家庭生活的平衡。
【词汇拓展】
(1)keep
a
balance
between
A
and
B
在A和B之间保持平衡
keep/lose
one’s
balance某人保持/失去平衡
a
sense
of
balance平衡感
(2)balanced
adj.平衡的,均衡的
a
balanced
diet均衡的饮食
a
balanced
life均衡的生活
You
need
a
peaceful
mind
to
live
a
balanced
life.
你需要平和的心态才能过均衡的生活。
...drop
a
piece
of
litter
and
can’t
be
bothered
to
pick
it
up.(Page
31)
……掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。
【词汇精讲】
bothered用作形容词,意为“担心的;烦恼的”,常用于“not
be
bothered
to
do
sth”结构中,意为“懒得做某事”。
It
is
a
small
matter;don’t
get
so
hot
and
bothered.
这是小事,不要这样忧虑不安。
I
am
not
bothered
to
get
involved
in
his
business.
我懒得去管他的事情。
【词汇拓展】
hot
and
bothered忧心忡忡
bother
sb
with
sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother
about/with
sth为某事烦恼
bother
to
do
sth费心做某事
I
don’t
want
to
bother
you
with
my
problem.
我不想让你因为我的问题而担心。
It’s
not
worth
bothering
with
an
umbrella;the
taxi
is
just
outside.
不必打伞;出租车就在外面。
Why
bother
to
go
to
Italy
and
Denmark,when
there
are
so
many
nice
places
here?
这里有这么多好地方,为什么还要费劲去意大利和丹麦呢?
Are
you
sure
the
station
is
on
your
way?I
don’t
want
to
give
you
any
bother.
去火车站你真的顺路吗?我不想给你添麻烦。
The
organisation
is
called
Roots
&
Shoots
because
roots
move
slowly
under
the
ground
to
make
a
firm
foundation,and
shoots
seem
small
and
weak,but
they
can
break
open
brick
walls
to
reach
the
light.(Page
31)
这个组织被称为“根与芽”,因为树根在地下缓慢移动,形成坚实的地基,嫩芽看起来又小又弱,但它们可以冲出砖墙,到达光明。
【词汇精讲】
foundation用作名词,意为“基础;地基”。
The
explosion
shook
the
foundations
of
the
houses
nearby.
爆炸震撼了附近房屋的地基。
These
stories
have
no
foundation.
这些故事纯属虚构。
【词汇拓展】
lay
the
foundation打地基
found
vt.创立;建立
founder
n.创办人,创始者
It
is
by
acting
together,in
this
exciting
way,that
we
can
involve
thousands-millions-of
people,and
this
is
what
is
going
to
change
the
world.(Page
31)
正是通过共同行动,以这种令人兴奋的方式,我们可以让成千上万的人——数百万人——参与进来,这就是改变世界的力量。
【词汇精讲】
involve用作动词,意为“参与;包含”,还可以表示“需要;涉及”。
We
want
to
involve
as
many
people
as
possible
in
the
celebrations.
我们希望尽可能多的人参加庆典。
The
test
will
involve
answering
questions
about
a
photograph.
考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。
This
project
involves
a
lot
of
complex
technical
problems.
这个方案牵涉许多复杂的技术问题。
The
survey
involved
496
city
residents.
调查涉及496名市民。
【词汇拓展】
involve
sb
doing
sth需要某人做某事
get/become
involved
in参与;卷入;与……有关联
involve
oneself
in
参与;卷入;与……有关联
Some
people
tried
to
stop
the
fight
but
I
didn’t
want
to
get
involved
in
their
fight.
有人设法阻止打斗,但我不想牵涉进去。
The
job
involves
me
travelling
all
over
the
country.
这份工作需要我在全国各地跑。
recycle
used
batteries
(Page
28)
回收利用废旧电池
【词汇精讲】
recycle用作动词,意为“再利用,回收利用”。
To
protect
the
environment,more
governments
are
requiring
people
to
recycle
materials.
为了保护环境,更多的政府要求人们循环利用材料。
So
please
remember
these
words:reduce,reuse
and
recycle.
所以请记住这些词:减少、再利用和回收。
Denmark
recycles
nearly
85%
of
its
paper.
丹麦的纸张回收率近85%。
【词汇拓展】
recycled
paper再生纸
recycling
n.回收利用
roots
and
shoots
(Page
30)
根与芽
【词汇精讲】
shoot用作名词,意为“芽,苗;嫩枝”,还可以用作动词,意为“射中;射击”。
Two
weeks
after
we’d
planted
the
seeds,little
green
shoots
started
to
appear.
我们播种后两周,绿色的小嫩芽就开始长出了。
The
next
morning
I
found
the
shoots
standing
up
straight,not
a
bit
damaged.
第二天早上我发现秧苗挺立着,一点也没损坏。
He
shot
at
the
bird,but
didn’t
shoot
it.
他向那只鸟射击,但是没有射中。
【词汇拓展】
(1)shoot
at
sth/sb向……射击
shoot
sth/sb射中某人/物
shoot的过去式,过去分词为shot。
(2)shot除了作为shoot的过去式,过去分词,还可以作为名词,意为“射击,枪声;射门,击球;注射”。
Someone
took
a
shot
at
the
car.有人朝轿车开枪。
Throughout
the
first
two
games,her
team
did
not
get
one
serious
shot
on
goal.
在前两场比赛中,她的队伍都没有进行一次严格意义上的射门。
He
had
a
shot
yesterday
because
he
caught
a
cold.
他因为感冒昨天打了一针。
【核心句式】
Well,say
you
leave
the
tap
running
while
you
brush
your
teeth,leave
a
light
on
when
you
go
out
or
you
drop
a
piece
of
litter
and
can’t
be
bothered
to
pick
it
up.(Page
31)
比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流,外出的时候不关灯,或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“leave
the
tap
running”和“leave
a
light
on”都属于leave复合结构。
The
teacher
left
little
Tom
standing
all
the
time.
老师让小汤姆一直站着。
【句式拓展】
“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,意为“使……处于某种状态”。常在此结构中用作宾语补足语的有:现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、介词短语。
Don’t
leave
her
waiting
outside
in
the
rain.
别让她在外面的雨中等待。
Don’t
leave
your
work
unfinished.
工作不要半途而废。
His
father
died,leaving
him
an
orphan.
他爸爸去世了,他成了孤儿。
Leave
the
door
open,please.
请让门开着吧。
The
air
was
polluted,leaving
many
people
in
danger.
空气被污染了,使得很多人处于危险中。
Video
games
can
be
a
poor
influence
if
it
is
left
in
the
wrong
hands.
如果操作不当,电子游戏就会产生不良影响。
