中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Module
5
Look
after
yourself
模块小结
要点1
accident
accident是名词，意为“事故，意外的事，偶然的事”。例如：
Two
men
died
in
the
traffic
accident.
两个人在这起事故中丧生了。
【拓展】
by
accident
=
by
chance
意为“偶然地，无意中地”。
例如：
He
met
one
of
his
classmates
in
the
street
by
accident.
在街上，他偶然遇到了他的一位同学。
【典例分析】
1.我父亲在火车站偶然遇到了他的一位老朋友。
My
father
met
one
of
his
old
friends
at
the
station
_________
__________.
2.
Luckily,
he
was
not
badly
hurt
in
the
a__________（根据首字母填词）
要点2
missing
(1)
missing
作形容词，意为“丢失的，不见的”。
例如：
It
was
only
an
hour
or
so
later
that
I
discovered
that
my
gun
was
missing.
仅仅约一个小时之后，我发现我的枪不见了。
(2)
be
missing=
be
gone\lost
意为“丢失，不见了”。
My
wallet
is
missing\gone\lost.
我的钱包不见了，丢了。
【拓展】
1
miss是及物动词，意为“未出席;
未出现”
2
miss用作及物动词,
还有“想念;
怀念”之意。
3
错过;
漏掉
miss
doing
sth.
意为“错过做某事”。
4
miss作名词意为“女士;小姐”,
此时m必须大写,
常用于姓名或姓之前,
尤指未婚女子。
如:
Miss
Brown。布朗小姐
⑤missing作形容词,
意为“丢失的;
失踪的”。
辨析
missing
;
lost
;
gone
missing
意为“失踪了，不见了”，强调某人或物不在原处，暂时找不着了(含最终可能找到之意)，可作定语、表语或宾补。
lost
意为“丢失”，含有“难以找回”的意思，可作定语、表语或宾语补足语。
gone
意为“(东西)没了；(时间)过去了；(人)死了”，而且语气肯定，作表语或宾语补足语，不可以作定语。
【典例分析】
1、用missing
lost和gone填空。
1）I
can't
find
my
mobile
phone.
It's
________！
2）Look!
She
is
looking
for
her
__________
key.
3）___________time
will
never
be
found
again.
4）They
set
out
to
look
for
the
_____________
girl
at
once.
5）Her
grandpa
is___________,
so
her
grandma
lives
alone.
2、写出下列画线单词的词性及汉语意思。
1）My
pen
is
missing.
I
want
to
buy
a
new
one.
___________
____________
2）The
boy
missed
his
parents
a
lot.
___________
___________
3）He?missed?the
9:30
train.
___________
___________
4）Please
be
quiet.
I
don’t
want
to?miss?a
word
of
the
news
on
the
radio.
________
________
3.
Mrs.
Biggs
________the
meeting
this
morning.
Do
you
know
why?
—Yes.
She
went
to
Shanghai
on
business
the
day
before
yesterday
and
she
won't
be
back
until
tomorrow.
A.
held
B.
attended
C.
missed
D.
joined
4.I
don’t
want
to
miss
_______his
13th
birthday
party.
A．to
join
B.
join
C.
joining
D.
to
join
要点3.
expect
(1)
expect表示“期待，期望”，通常为及物动词，直接接宾语，还可接不定式的复合结构。例如：
We
should
not
expect
success
overnight.
我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。
That’s
just
what
we
expected.
那正是我们所期望的。
(2)
expect还可表示“预计，预料”等，后接名词或从句，接动词时要用不定式。例如：
I
expect
a
storm.
我预计会有场暴风雨来。
I
expect
that
I
will
be
back
on
Sunday.
我预计星期日回来。
I
didn’t
expect
to
find
you
here.
我没料到在这里找到你。
(3)
expect后可接
that
从句，若从句谓语为否定，注意否定的转移。例如：
I
don’t
expect
that
he
has
done
such
a
thing.
我预料他不会干出这种事来。?
辨析hope,
expect,
wish与want
hope,
expect,
wish和want这四个词都有“想要;希望”之意,但它们的用法有所区别。
单词
区别
hope
表示主观上希望,可以跟从句、不定式作宾语,但不能跟不定式作宾语补足语。hope后不能直接跟名词作宾语,可跟“for+名词”,表示可实现的希望。
expect
表示“期待;期望”,侧重于相信有可能实现的愿望,可接名词、不定式以及不定式的复合结构。
wish
wish往往表示客观上不太可能实现的目标,也可以表示祝愿,可接从句、不定式作宾语,也可接双宾语。常用搭配为wish
sb.to
do
sth.“希望某人做某事”。wish虽也跟“for+名词”,但表示很难实现的愿望。
want
want常用于口语,表达迫切的愿望,常用搭配:want
sth.“想要某物”;want
to
do
sth.“想要做某事”;want
sb.to
do
sth.“想要某人做某事”。
【典例分析】
1.
Leonardo
DiCaprio,
a
famous
American
actor,
was
always
expecting
________
an
Oscar
and
finally
he
made
it.
A.
to
win
B.
winning
C.
not
to
win
D.
not
winning
2.—Waiter,
there's
a
fly(苍蝇)
swimming
in
my
soup.
—So
what
do
you
me
to
do,
call
a
lifeguard(救生员)??
A.
warn
B.
expect
C.
invite
D.
encourage
3.
I
hope
_______
I
will
succeed
in
getting
the
job.
A.
that
B.
whether
C.
if
D.
how
4.不要指望在几个月内就能学会一门外语。
You
can't_______________
a
foreign
language
in
a
few
months.
5.
他期望她同他一起去。
He___________________
with
him.
6.
我预计星期日回来。
I__________
that
I
will
be
back
on
Sunday.
7
My
mother
_______________
me
to
be
a
great
English
teacher.
A.
makes
B.
wishes
C.
hopes
D.
lets
要点4
effort
(1)
表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义)，通常是不可数名词。若强调一次一次具体的努力，通常是可数名词，尤其与all,
these等修饰语连用。例如：
His
success
depends
upon
effort
and
ability.
他是否成功取决于他的努力和能力。
In
spite
of
his
efforts
he
failed.
他虽然做了努力，还是失败了。
（2）effort后接动词，通常用不定式，有时也用“at＋动名词”。例如：
He
made
every
effort
to
get
it/
at
getting
it.
他竭尽全力想得到它。
（3）表示“做出努力”时，通常“make
an
effort”
这样的形式，该结构中的不定冠词(an)也可根据情况换成
another,
every,
one
more,
no
等限定词，但不能没有限定词。例如：
She
made
every
effort
to
be
a
good
student.
她努力要做个好学生。
【注意】若没有限定词，effort
就应用复数。例如：
The
prisoner
made
efforts
to
escape,
but
he
failed.
那个犯人企图越狱，但没有成功。
【典例分析】
1.他决定再做一次努力。
He
decided
to________
________
_______
________.
2.Learning
a
foreign
language
needs
a
certain___________
no
matter
how
easy
it
is.?
A.
excuse
B.
luck
C.
effort
D.
chance
要点5
thanks
to
thanks
to是介词短语，意为“多亏，由于”，thanks不可以改为thank
you,
to后接表示感谢的对象。
例如：
Thanks
to
the
English
language,
we
can
learn
a
lot
from
other
countries．
多亏英语语言,我们能从其它国家学到很多东西。
Thanks
to
your
help,
I
got
a
good
mark
in
the
exam.
多亏你的帮助，我考试取得了好成绩。
辨析：thanks
to
与thanks
for
thanks
to
介词短语意为“多亏；幸亏”，相当于because
of
/as
a
result
of.to后可以接名词\代词或名词性短语。
thanks
for
动词短语，意为“因……而感谢”for
后接感谢的原因，可以是名词或动词-ing形式。
【典例分析】
1.
________the
house
next
door，this
one
seems
like
a
palace.
A.
Compared
with
B.
Instead
of
C.
Thanks
to
D.
According
to
2.
the
government’s
efforts,
our
life
is
becoming
better
and
better.?
A.
Instead
of
B.
In
spite
of
C.
According
to
D.
Thanks
to
3.
________
the
government's
efforts,
my
hometown
is
becoming
more
and
more
beautiful.
A.
As
for
B.
With
the
help
C.
Instead
of
D.
Thanks
to
4.谢谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会.
_________
_______
________us
to
your
birthday
party．
5.幸亏汤姆，我找到了这么好的房子。
________
__________Tom,
I
found
this
great
apartment.
要点6
hurt
（1）hurt作及物动词，意为“使受伤，使疼痛，伤感情”。例如：
No
one
was
seriously
hurt
in
the
traffic
accident.
在这次交通事故中没有人受重伤。
His
words
hurt
her
feelings.
他无意中伤了她的感情。
（2）hurt作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”。例如：
My
right
leg
hurts.
我右腿疼。
【拓展】
hurt;
injure与wound的辨析：
(1)
hurt为普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。例如：
You
hurt
her
feelings
when
you
said
she
was
fat.
你说她胖，伤害了她的感情了。
(2)
injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。例如：
She
has
an
injured
leg.
她的一条腿受伤了。
(3)
wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。例如：
The
bullet
wounded
him
in
the
shoulder.
子弹打伤了他的肩膀。
要点7
had
better
had
better(常简略为’d
better)是一固定词组，had
better意为“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。其用法有以下几点：
(1)
had
better后面必须跟动词原形，构成had
better
do
sth.句型。这里的had不能用have来替换。例如：
You’d
better
go
to
hospital
at
once.
你最好立即去医院看病。
Tom,
you’d
better
go
there
today.
汤姆，你最好今天去那里。
(2)
主语不论是第几人称，句子不论是什么时态，都要用had
better的形式。例如：
Now
you(he;
we)
had
better
listen
to
the
teacher.
你(他，我们)现在最好听老师讲。
【典例分析】
1.
You'd
better
________
late
for
school
again.
A.
not
to
be
B.
not
be
C.
won't
be
D.
don't
be
2．You
had
better
________
hair
tomorrow.
It's
too
long.
A．cut
you
B．cut
your
C．not
cut
you
D．not
cut
your
3.
你最好不要把孩子单独留在家里。
You
_________
_______
_________
__________
your
child
alone
at
home.
4.你最好不要制造噪音。
You
__________
__________
__________
_________
noise.
5.你最好不要走路去，太远了.
__________
___________
___________
___________
there
,
it’s
too
far
away
.
要点8
harm作名词，意为“伤害”。常用搭配：do
harm
to
sb
=do
sb
harm该结构表示“对某人有害”。
例如：
His
failures
did
his
reputation
a
lot
of
harm.
他屡次失败使他的声誉受到很大损害。
Smoking
does
harm
to
your
health.
吸烟对你的身体有害。
Whether
it
will
do
us
harm
remains
to
be
seen.
是否对我们有害还要看一看。
（2）harm
作动词，意为“使受到伤害，损害”。例如：
Don’t
harm
your
eyes
by
reading
in
dim
light.
不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。
I
have
never
harmed
anybody.
我从未伤害过任何人。
There
was
a
fire
in
our
street,
but
no
one
was
harmed.
我们街里曾发生过火灾,但没人受伤。
【典例分析】
1.
Smoking
is
________
to
you.
A.
harm
B.
harmful
C.
harms
D.
harmless
2.
It
is
_____
to
your
health
to
drink
too
much.??
A.
hopeless
B.
hopeful
C.
harmless
D.
harmful
3.被污染的水对鱼类有害。
Polluted
water
is
fish.
4.长时间看电视对你眼睛有害.
Watching
TV
for
a
long
time
________
______
_______
your
eyes.
=
Watching
TV
for
a
long
time
________
______
_______
your
eyes.
=Watching
TV
for
a
long
time
________
______
_______
your
eyes.
5.Reading
in
the
sun
is
________
your
eyes.
A.
harmful
to
B.
harm
for
C.
harmful
for
D.
harm
to
要点9
stop的后面可以用动词不定式也可以用动名词作宾语。stop
doing表示“停止正在做的事情”；stop
to
do表示“停下来开始做”的意思。例如：
Now
let’s
stop
reading.
现在咱们停止读书。
Our
teacher
stopped
to
look
at
the
boy.
老师停下来看了看那个男孩。
（2）stop还可以构成短语stop
somebody/something
from
doing
something表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。例如：
The
trees
and
grasses
can
stop
the
wind
from
blowing
the
earth
away.
树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。
【典例分析】
1.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。
The
heavy
snow
_____________
__________
__________
__________
to
our
party.
2.The
heavy
rain
stopped
them
_______
home
on
time.
A.
return
B.
returning
C.
returned
D.
to
return
3.
You
look
tired,
you
must________.
A.
stops
to
work
B.
stopped
working
C.
stop
to
work
D.
stop
working
4.
In
the
end,
we
felt
tired,
so
we
stopped
______
a
rest.
A.
having
B.
to
have
C.
had
D.
have
5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。
Please
_________
_____________.
Let’s
start
the
lesson.
6大雨使我们踢不了球。
The
heavy
rain
___________
us
___________
___________
football.
7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。
We
must
___________people
_____________
____________
down
trees.
要点10
agreement的用法
1.agreement作名词,意为“同意;协定;协议”。常用短语in
agreement意为“持相同意见”。若表示“与某人意见一致”时,后面接介词with,即in
agreement
with
sb.。但表示“在某方面意见一致”时,应接介词on或upon,即in
agreement
on/upon
sth.。例如:
My
teacher
nodded
in
agreement.我的老师同意地点了点头。
He
is
in
agreement
with
you
on
that
point.在那一点上,他与你意见一致。
2.agreement的动词形式为agree,意为“答应;同意”。用法如下:
(1)agree
to
do
sth.意为“同意做某事”。例如:
He
agreed
to
help
us.他同意帮助我们。
(2)agree
with
sb.意为“同意某人的意见”。例如:
He
didn’t
agree
with
us.他不同意我们的意见。
(3)agree
to
sth.意为“同意某事”,to后面一般接表示计划、建议、办法等的名词。
【典例分析】
1.
—Would
you
like
to
go
on
a
picnic
with
us
this
Sunday?
—I'd
love
to,
but
I
have
to
get
my
parents'
________
first.
A.
agreement
B.
surprise
C.
offer
D.
share
2.
—Would
you
like
to
go
on
a
picnic
with
us
this
Sunday?
—I'd
love
to,
but
I
have
to
get
my
parents'
________
first.
A.
agreement
B.
surprise
C.
offer
D.
share
3.用agree
with
和agree
to填空
1)The
food
does
not
_____________
me.
2)He
_______________the
plan.
3)We
______________
leave
early.
4)I
_____________
what
you
say.
要点11
require的用法
require作动词,意为“需要;要求”,常见用法如下:
1.require后接名词作宾语,即require
sth.,意为“需要某物”。例如:
These
pets
require
a
lot
of
care
and
attention.这些宠物需要悉心照顾。
2.require后接不定式作宾语补足语,即require
sb.to
do
sth.,意为“要求某人做某事”。例如:
What
does
he
require
us
to
do?他需要我们做什么?
3.require后接动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式,即require
doing
sth.或require
to
be
done,意为“需要做某事”。例如:
The
floor
requires
washing.=The
floor
requires
to
be
washed.地板需要擦了。
4.require后接that从句时,从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。例如:
The
situation
required
that
he(should)
be
present.这种情形需要他在场。
【典例分析】
4.Travelling
________
good
health
and
some
money.
A.
offers?
?
?
?
?B.
requires?
?
?
?
C.
manages?
?
?
?
?D.
controls
要点12
call
off
取消；决定终止
The
match
was
called
off
because
of
bad
weather.??
由于天气不好，比赛取消了。
If
it
rains,
we
shall?call
off?the
picnic.??
如果下雨，我们就取消野餐。
与call有关的短语还有：
call
on
拜访某人；号召
call
at
参观某地
call
for
喊着叫某人来；邀请，需要
call
out
大声呼叫
call
in
尤指向工作单位打电话汇报
call
sb.
in
请某人来帮忙
call
up
打电话；召唤
【典例分析】
1.
On
my
way
home,
I
saw
a
granny
fall
down.
I
offered
help
first
and
then
________
the
police.
A.
called
up
B.
cared
for
C.
cheered
up
D.
found
out
2
This
year
is
the
49th
Earth
Day
and
I
think
we
should
________
people
not
to
________
too
many
trees.
A.
call
on;
cut
down
B.
call
at;
cut
up
C.
call
in;
cut
off
D.
call
for
cut
off
要点13
1.等候
2.赶上
3.几分钟后
4.
取消
5.同意
6.寻找
7.发生一起事故
8.摔跤
9.变瞎
10.求助
11.
多亏;
归功于
12.
医疗保健
13.
期待做某事
14.
在19世纪
15.
保持健康
16.
体力劳动
17.
拒绝
18.偶尔;
有时;
间或
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.
They
___________(build)
a
pedestrian
bridge
(人行天桥)last
year.
2.
The
student
___________(clean)
the
classroom
now.
3.
Light
____________(travel)
much
faster
than
sound.
4.
She
works
hard
and
_________(come)
home
very
late.
5.
Linda
______________
(work)
in
this
factory
for
nearly
ten
years.
6.
The
students
___________
(have)
a
medical
examination
next
month.
7.
It
is
said
that
the
policy
on
the
environment
_______________
(carry)
out
in
2023.
8.
A
wonderful
party
_______________________
(give)
to
him
next
week.
9.
Mother
___________________
(tell)
me
a
story
every
night.
10.
Yesterday
we
_______________________
(play)
football
after
school.
话题五、健康生活
本模块的话题是“健康生活”。学生在具体的写作中应做到以下几点:
1.能够写出自己的健康生活原则,制定健康生活计划;
2.能够从出行安全、饮食健康、生活作息、乐观心态等方面提出有关健康生活的建议。
常用词汇:
serious
harm/hurt
food/traffic
safety
look
after
keep
fit/healthy
keep
away
from
say
no
to...
be
good/bad
for...
常用句型:
It’s
important
for
us
to
keep
fit.
Here
are
some
suggestions
about
how
to
keep
fit.
You
had
better
keep
a
balanced
diet.
Eating
too
much
meat
is
not
good
for
your
health.
Enough
sleep
is
necessary
for
our
health.
In
this
way,
we
will
live
a
happy
life.
【实战演练】
饮食的安全和健康受到越来越多的关注和重视。请以“Say
no
to
junk
food”为题,根据以下要点写一篇英语短文。
提示:1.垃圾食品对健康无益;
2.应选择正确的生活方式,如三餐规律、健康饮食、多参加户外活动等;
3.……
要求:1.必须包含以上要点,可适当发挥;
2.词数80~100,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:营养nutrition 心情mood
Say
no
to
junk
food
Nowadays,
more
and
more
attention
has
been
paid
to
food
safety
and
health.
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
we
should
say
no
to
junk
food______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In
a
word,
a
healthy
diet
with
less
junk
food
can
make
us
stronger
and
stronger.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Module
5
Look
after
yourself
模块小结
要点1
accident
accident是名词，意为“事故，意外的事，偶然的事”。例如：
Two
men
died
in
the
traffic
accident.
两个人在这起事故中丧生了。
【拓展】
by
accident
=
by
chance
意为“偶然地，无意中地”。
例如：
He
met
one
of
his
classmates
in
the
street
by
accident.
在街上，他偶然遇到了他的一位同学。
【典例分析】
1.我父亲在火车站偶然遇到了他的一位老朋友。
My
father
met
one
of
his
old
friends
at
the
station
_________
__________.
2.
Luckily,
he
was
not
badly
hurt
in
the
a__________（根据首字母填词）
【答案】1.by
accident
2.accident
要点2
missing
(1)
missing
作形容词，意为“丢失的，不见的”。
例如：
It
was
only
an
hour
or
so
later
that
I
discovered
that
my
gun
was
missing.
仅仅约一个小时之后，我发现我的枪不见了。
(2)
be
missing=
be
gone\lost
意为“丢失，不见了”。
My
wallet
is
missing\gone\lost.
我的钱包不见了，丢了。
【拓展】
1
miss是及物动词，意为“未出席;
未出现”
2
miss用作及物动词,
还有“想念;
怀念”之意。
3
错过;
漏掉
miss
doing
sth.
意为“错过做某事”。
4
miss作名词意为“女士;小姐”,
此时m必须大写,
常用于姓名或姓之前,
尤指未婚女子。
如:
Miss
Brown。布朗小姐
⑤missing作形容词,
意为“丢失的;
失踪的”。
辨析
missing
;
lost
;
gone
missing
意为“失踪了，不见了”，强调某人或物不在原处，暂时找不着了(含最终可能找到之意)，可作定语、表语或宾补。
lost
意为“丢失”，含有“难以找回”的意思，可作定语、表语或宾语补足语。
gone
意为“(东西)没了；(时间)过去了；(人)死了”，而且语气肯定，作表语或宾语补足语，不可以作定语。
【典例分析】
1、用missing
lost和gone填空。
1）I
can't
find
my
mobile
phone.
It's
________！
【答案】missing/lost
2）Look!
She
is
looking
for
her
__________
key.
【答案】lost
/missing
3）___________time
will
never
be
found
again.
【答案】Lost
4）They
set
out
to
look
for
the
_____________
girl
at
once.
【答案】Missing/lost
5）Her
grandpa
is___________,
so
her
grandma
lives
alone.
【答案】gone
2、写出下列画线单词的词性及汉语意思。
1）My
pen
is
missing.
I
want
to
buy
a
new
one.
___________
____________
【答案】missing作形容词,
意为“丢失的;
失踪的”。
2）The
boy
missed
his
parents
a
lot.
___________
___________
【答案】miss用作及物动词,
还有“想念;
怀念”之意。
3）He?missed?the
9:30
train.
___________
___________
【答案】错过;
漏掉
miss
doing
sth.
意为“错过做某事”。
4）Please
be
quiet.
I
don’t
want
to?miss?a
word
of
the
news
on
the
radio.
________
________
【答案】错过;
漏掉
miss
doing
sth.
意为“错过做某事”。
3.
Mrs.
Biggs
________the
meeting
this
morning.
Do
you
know
why?
—Yes.
She
went
to
Shanghai
on
business
the
day
before
yesterday
and
she
won't
be
back
until
tomorrow.
A.
held
B.
attended
C.
missed
D.
joined
【答案】C句意：-Biggs夫人漏掉了今天早上的会议，你知道为什么吗？-知道，她前天去上海出差了，直到明天才回来。held是hold的过去式，举起，容纳，持有；attended参加；miss错过，漏掉；joined加入。根据句意She
went
to
Shanghai
on
business
the
day
before
yesterday
and
she
won’t
be
back
until
tomorrow可知，Biggs夫人没有参加会议，故应选C。
4.I
don’t
want
to
miss
_______his
13th
birthday
party.
A．to
join
B.
join
C.
joining
D.
to
join
【答案】错过;
漏掉
miss
doing
sth.
意为“错过做某事”。
要点3.
expect
(1)
expect表示“期待，期望”，通常为及物动词，直接接宾语，还可接不定式的复合结构。例如：
We
should
not
expect
success
overnight.
我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。
That’s
just
what
we
expected.
那正是我们所期望的。
(2)
expect还可表示“预计，预料”等，后接名词或从句，接动词时要用不定式。例如：
I
expect
a
storm.
我预计会有场暴风雨来。
I
expect
that
I
will
be
back
on
Sunday.
我预计星期日回来。
I
didn’t
expect
to
find
you
here.
我没料到在这里找到你。
(3)
expect后可接
that
从句，若从句谓语为否定，注意否定的转移。例如：
I
don’t
expect
that
he
has
done
such
a
thing.
我预料他不会干出这种事来。?
辨析hope,
expect,
wish与want
hope,
expect,
wish和want这四个词都有“想要;希望”之意,但它们的用法有所区别。
单词
区别
hope
表示主观上希望,可以跟从句、不定式作宾语,但不能跟不定式作宾语补足语。hope后不能直接跟名词作宾语,可跟“for+名词”,表示可实现的希望。
expect
表示“期待;期望”,侧重于相信有可能实现的愿望,可接名词、不定式以及不定式的复合结构。
wish
wish往往表示客观上不太可能实现的目标,也可以表示祝愿,可接从句、不定式作宾语,也可接双宾语。常用搭配为wish
sb.to
do
sth.“希望某人做某事”。wish虽也跟“for+名词”,但表示很难实现的愿望。
want
want常用于口语,表达迫切的愿望,常用搭配:want
sth.“想要某物”;want
to
do
sth.“想要做某事”;want
sb.to
do
sth.“想要某人做某事”。
【典例分析】
1.
Leonardo
DiCaprio,
a
famous
American
actor,
was
always
expecting
________
an
Oscar
and
finally
he
made
it.
A.
to
win
B.
winning
C.
not
to
win
D.
not
winning
【答案】A
【解析】expect
(not)to
do
sth.期望(不)做某事。根据语境判断应该是期望获得奥斯卡奖。故选A.
2.—Waiter,
there's
a
fly(苍蝇)
swimming
in
my
soup.
—So
what
do
you
me
to
do,
call
a
lifeguard(救生员)??
A.
warn
B.
expect
C.
invite
D.
encourage
【答案】B
【解析】——服务员,在我的汤里有一只苍蝇在游。——那么你期望我做什么,给救生员打电话吗?warn"警告"；expect"期望";invite"邀请";encourage"鼓励"。B项符合语境。
3.
I
hope
_______
I
will
succeed
in
getting
the
job.
A.
that
B.
whether
C.
if
D.
how
【答案】从说话语气上看，hope用于表示可能实现的事情，后接从句时，用陈述语序。故答案选A
4.不要指望在几个月内就能学会一门外语。
You
can't_______________
a
foreign
language
in
a
few
months.
【答案】expect
to
learn
5.
他期望她同他一起去。
He___________________
with
him.
【答案】
expected
her
to
go
6.
我预计星期日回来。
I__________
that
I
will
be
back
on
Sunday.
【答案】expected
7
My
mother
_______________
me
to
be
a
great
English
teacher.
A.
makes
B.
wishes
C.
hopes
D.
lets
【答案】B句意：我的妈妈希望我成为一名优秀的英语教师。考查易混动词用法辨析。根据hope：意思为“希望”，表示实现可能性很大的希望；后接动词不定式或宾语从句。常用于两种结构：hope
to
do
sth
;
hope
+
that宾语从句；hope不能连接宾语sb+to
do。wish：“希望","愿望",后面接不定式或"代词(名词)+不定式"结构。所表示的希望实现的可能性较小。常用于以下几种结构：wish
+
to
do
sth
;
wish
sb
+
to
do
sth
;
wish
+that宾语从句（从句中的谓语动词需用虚拟语气）。再根据句中连接的是sb
+
to
do
sth的宾语及宾语补足语的符合宾语。故选B。
要点4
effort
(1)
表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义)，通常是不可数名词。若强调一次一次具体的努力，通常是可数名词，尤其与all,
these等修饰语连用。例如：
His
success
depends
upon
effort
and
ability.
他是否成功取决于他的努力和能力。
In
spite
of
his
efforts
he
failed.
他虽然做了努力，还是失败了。
（2）effort后接动词，通常用不定式，有时也用“at＋动名词”。例如：
He
made
every
effort
to
get
it/
at
getting
it.
他竭尽全力想得到它。
（3）表示“做出努力”时，通常“make
an
effort”
这样的形式，该结构中的不定冠词(an)也可根据情况换成
another,
every,
one
more,
no
等限定词，但不能没有限定词。例如：
She
made
every
effort
to
be
a
good
student.
她努力要做个好学生。
【注意】若没有限定词，effort
就应用复数。例如：
The
prisoner
made
efforts
to
escape,
but
he
failed.
那个犯人企图越狱，但没有成功。
【典例分析】
1.他决定再做一次努力。
He
decided
to________
________
_______
________.
【答案】make
one
more
effort
2.Learning
a
foreign
language
needs
a
certain___________
no
matter
how
easy
it
is.?
A.
excuse
B.
luck
C.
effort
D.
chance
【答案】C
【解析】：句意学习一门外语不管多么容易，都需要一定的_______。Excuse借口，原因。
luck运effort努力。chance机会。根据题意用选C
要点5
thanks
to
thanks
to是介词短语，意为“多亏，由于”，thanks不可以改为thank
you,
to后接表示感谢的对象。
例如：
Thanks
to
the
English
language,
we
can
learn
a
lot
from
other
countries．
多亏英语语言,我们能从其它国家学到很多东西。
Thanks
to
your
help,
I
got
a
good
mark
in
the
exam.
多亏你的帮助，我考试取得了好成绩。
辨析：thanks
to
与thanks
for
thanks
to
介词短语意为“多亏；幸亏”，相当于because
of
/as
a
result
of.to后可以接名词\代词或名词性短语。
thanks
for
动词短语，意为“因……而感谢”for
后接感谢的原因，可以是名词或动词-ing形式。
【典例分析】
1.
________the
house
next
door，this
one
seems
like
a
palace.
A.
Compared
with
B.
Instead
of
C.
Thanks
to
D.
According
to
【答案】A
【解析】句意：和邻居家的房子比较，这一个似乎像一个宫殿。A.
Compared
with和……比较；B.
Instead
of代替；C.
Thanks
to幸亏；多亏；D.
According
to视……而定。根据题意，故选A。
2.
the
government’s
efforts,
our
life
is
becoming
better
and
better.?
A.
Instead
of
B.
In
spite
of
C.
According
to
D.
Thanks
to
【答案】D
【解析】句意:多亏了政府的努力,我们的生活变得越来越好。thanks
to
多亏了,由于。
3.
________
the
government's
efforts,
my
hometown
is
becoming
more
and
more
beautiful.
A.
As
for
B.
With
the
help
C.
Instead
of
D.
Thanks
to
【答案】D
【解析】语境推理法。as
for
至于,
with
the
help在……帮助下,
后面需加of;
instead
of
代替,
thanks
to多亏,
由于,
根据“由于政府的努力，我的家乡正变得越来越美丽。”可知选D符合语境.
4.谢谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会.
_________
_______
________us
to
your
birthday
party．
【答案】Thanks
for
inviting
5.幸亏汤姆，我找到了这么好的房子。
________
__________Tom,
I
found
this
great
apartment.
【答案】Thanks
to
要点6
hurt
（1）hurt作及物动词，意为“使受伤，使疼痛，伤感情”。例如：
No
one
was
seriously
hurt
in
the
traffic
accident.
在这次交通事故中没有人受重伤。
His
words
hurt
her
feelings.
他无意中伤了她的感情。
（2）hurt作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”。例如：
My
right
leg
hurts.
我右腿疼。
【拓展】
hurt;
injure与wound的辨析：
(1)
hurt为普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。例如：
You
hurt
her
feelings
when
you
said
she
was
fat.
你说她胖，伤害了她的感情了。
(2)
injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。例如：
She
has
an
injured
leg.
她的一条腿受伤了。
(3)
wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。例如：
The
bullet
wounded
him
in
the
shoulder.
子弹打伤了他的肩膀。
要点7
had
better
had
better(常简略为’d
better)是一固定词组，had
better意为“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。其用法有以下几点：
(1)
had
better后面必须跟动词原形，构成had
better
do
sth.句型。这里的had不能用have来替换。例如：
You’d
better
go
to
hospital
at
once.
你最好立即去医院看病。
Tom,
you’d
better
go
there
today.
汤姆，你最好今天去那里。
(2)
主语不论是第几人称，句子不论是什么时态，都要用had
better的形式。例如：
Now
you(he;
we)
had
better
listen
to
the
teacher.
你(他，我们)现在最好听老师讲。
【典例分析】
1.
You'd
better
________
late
for
school
again.
A.
not
to
be
B.
not
be
C.
won't
be
D.
don't
be
【答案】B
【解析】句意：你最好不要再上学迟到了。短语had
better
（not）
do
sth.：最好（不）做某事；结合选项和句意可知选B。
2．You
had
better
________
hair
tomorrow.
It's
too
long.
A．cut
you
B．cut
your
C．not
cut
you
D．not
cut
your
【答案】B
【解析】句意：你最好明天剪头发，它太长了。
根据It's
too
long
可知是剪头发，排除C/D；had
better最好，可看作是情态动词，用于一切人称，没有词形变化，后接不带to的不定式,，意思是最好做某事；根据hair可知用形容词性的物主代词来修饰；故选B。
3.
你最好不要把孩子单独留在家里。
You
_________
_______
_________
__________
your
child
alone
at
home.
【答案】had
better
not
leave
4.你最好不要制造噪音。
You
__________
__________
__________
_________
noise.
【答案】had
better
not
make
5.你最好不要走路去，太远了.
__________
___________
___________
___________
there
,
it’s
too
far
away
.
【答案】You’d
better
not
walk
(注意空和缩写)
要点8
harm作名词，意为“伤害”。常用搭配：do
harm
to
sb
=do
sb
harm该结构表示“对某人有害”。
例如：
His
failures
did
his
reputation
a
lot
of
harm.
他屡次失败使他的声誉受到很大损害。
Smoking
does
harm
to
your
health.
吸烟对你的身体有害。
Whether
it
will
do
us
harm
remains
to
be
seen.
是否对我们有害还要看一看。
（2）harm
作动词，意为“使受到伤害，损害”。例如：
Don’t
harm
your
eyes
by
reading
in
dim
light.
不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。
I
have
never
harmed
anybody.
我从未伤害过任何人。
There
was
a
fire
in
our
street,
but
no
one
was
harmed.
我们街里曾发生过火灾,但没人受伤。
【典例分析】
1.
Smoking
is
________
to
you.
A.
harm
B.
harmful
C.
harms
D.
harmless
【答案】B
【解析】句意：吸烟对你有害。A.
harm伤害；B.
harmful有害的；C.
harms危害；D.
harmless无害的。结合语境“吸烟对你_______。”
可知，吸烟对身体有害，be
harmful
to对……有害。故选B。
2.
It
is
_____
to
your
health
to
drink
too
much.??
A.
hopeless
B.
hopeful
C.
harmless
D.
harmful
【答案】D
考查形容词辨析。句意:过量喝酒对你的身体健康有害。hopeless无望的;hopeful抱有希望的;harmless无害的;harmful有害的。根据生活常识可知，喝酒过量对身体健康有害。故选D。
3.被污染的水对鱼类有害。
Polluted
water
is
fish.
【答案】harmful
to
4.长时间看电视对你眼睛有害.
Watching
TV
for
a
long
time
________
______
_______
your
eyes.
=
Watching
TV
for
a
long
time
________
______
_______
your
eyes.
=Watching
TV
for
a
long
time
________
______
_______
your
eyes.
【答案】1does
harm
to
is
bad
for
is
harmful
to
5.Reading
in
the
sun
is
________
your
eyes.
A.
harmful
to
B.
harm
for
C.
harmful
for
D.
harm
to
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在太阳下阅读对你的眼睛有害。
考查形容词短语。be
harmful
to对……有害；harm
for形式错误，harm可以作动词或名词，常与介词to搭配，同样C也不对；harm
to对……有害。空前有is，是be动词，该空应用形容词短语。故选A。
要点9
stop的后面可以用动词不定式也可以用动名词作宾语。stop
doing表示“停止正在做的事情”；stop
to
do表示“停下来开始做”的意思。例如：
Now
let’s
stop
reading.
现在咱们停止读书。
Our
teacher
stopped
to
look
at
the
boy.
老师停下来看了看那个男孩。
（2）stop还可以构成短语stop
somebody/something
from
doing
something表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。例如：
The
trees
and
grasses
can
stop
the
wind
from
blowing
the
earth
away.
树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。
【典例分析】
1.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。
The
heavy
snow
_____________
__________
__________
__________
to
our
party.
【答案】stopped
him
from
going
2.The
heavy
rain
stopped
them
_______
home
on
time.
A.
return
B.
returning
C.
returned
D.
to
return
【答案】本题考查固定短语的用法。stop
sb.
(from)
doing
sth.?意为“阻止某人做某事”，故选B。
3.
You
look
tired,
you
must________.
A.
stops
to
work
B.
stopped
working
C.
stop
to
work
D.
stop
working
【答案】D你看起来很累，所以你必须停止工作。故答案选D。stop
doing
sth.表示“停止做某事”
4.
In
the
end,
we
felt
tired,
so
we
stopped
______
a
rest.
A.
having
B.
to
have
C.
had
D.
have
【答案】B
最后，我们感到累，我们停下来休息。故答案选B。stop
to
do
表示“停下来开始做某事”
5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。
Please
_________
_____________.
Let’s
start
the
lesson.
【答案】stop
speaking。stop
doing
sth.表示“停止做某事”
6大雨使我们踢不了球。
The
heavy
rain
___________
us
___________
___________
football.
【答案】stopped
from
playing。stop
…from
表示阻止。。。做某事。
7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。
We
must
___________people
_____________
____________
down
trees.
【答案】stop
from
cutting。表示阻止。。。做某事。
要点10
agreement的用法
1.agreement作名词,意为“同意;协定;协议”。常用短语in
agreement意为“持相同意见”。若表示“与某人意见一致”时,后面接介词with,即in
agreement
with
sb.。但表示“在某方面意见一致”时,应接介词on或upon,即in
agreement
on/upon
sth.。例如:
My
teacher
nodded
in
agreement.我的老师同意地点了点头。
He
is
in
agreement
with
you
on
that
point.在那一点上,他与你意见一致。
2.agreement的动词形式为agree,意为“答应;同意”。用法如下:
(1)agree
to
do
sth.意为“同意做某事”。例如:
He
agreed
to
help
us.他同意帮助我们。
(2)agree
with
sb.意为“同意某人的意见”。例如:
He
didn’t
agree
with
us.他不同意我们的意见。
(3)agree
to
sth.意为“同意某事”,to后面一般接表示计划、建议、办法等的名词。
【典例分析】
1.
—Would
you
like
to
go
on
a
picnic
with
us
this
Sunday?
—I'd
love
to,
but
I
have
to
get
my
parents'
________
first.
A.
agreement
B.
surprise
C.
offer
D.
share
【答案】A
【解析】语境推理法。根据答语中的but可推知此句应表示我必须先得到我父母的同意。
2.
—Would
you
like
to
go
on
a
picnic
with
us
this
Sunday?
—I'd
love
to,
but
I
have
to
get
my
parents'
________
first.
A.
agreement
B.
surprise
C.
offer
D.
share
【答案】A
【解析】语境推理法。根据答语中的but可推知此句应表示我必须先得到我父母的同意。
3.用agree
with
和agree
to填空
1)The
food
does
not
_____________
me.
【答案】1.agree
with
agree
with可用于指人，指同意其看法或意见
2)He
_______________the
plan.
【答案】agreed
to
agree
to常与plan、arrangement、suggestion、proposal、terms、method等名词连用
3)We
______________
leave
early.
【答案】agreed
to
agree
to
do
就是同意去做什么事，
4)I
_____________
what
you
say.
【答案】agree
with可用于指人，指同意其看法或意见等，也可与一些名词或从句连用。
要点11
require的用法
require作动词,意为“需要;要求”,常见用法如下:
1.require后接名词作宾语,即require
sth.,意为“需要某物”。例如:
These
pets
require
a
lot
of
care
and
attention.这些宠物需要悉心照顾。
2.require后接不定式作宾语补足语,即require
sb.to
do
sth.,意为“要求某人做某事”。例如:
What
does
he
require
us
to
do?他需要我们做什么?
3.require后接动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式,即require
doing
sth.或require
to
be
done,意为“需要做某事”。例如:
The
floor
requires
washing.=The
floor
requires
to
be
washed.地板需要擦了。
4.require后接that从句时,从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。例如:
The
situation
required
that
he(should)
be
present.这种情形需要他在场。
【典例分析】
4.Travelling
________
good
health
and
some
money.
A.
offers?
?
?
?
?B.
requires?
?
?
?
C.
manages?
?
?
?
?D.
controls
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意可知是“旅行需要健康的身体和一些钱”。
要点12
call
off
取消；决定终止
The
match
was
called
off
because
of
bad
weather.??
由于天气不好，比赛取消了。
If
it
rains,
we
shall?call
off?the
picnic.??
如果下雨，我们就取消野餐。
与call有关的短语还有：
call
on
拜访某人；号召
call
at
参观某地
call
for
喊着叫某人来；邀请，需要
call
out
大声呼叫
call
in
尤指向工作单位打电话汇报
call
sb.
in
请某人来帮忙
call
up
打电话；召唤
【典例分析】
1.
On
my
way
home,
I
saw
a
granny
fall
down.
I
offered
help
first
and
then
________
the
police.
A.
called
up
B.
cared
for
C.
cheered
up
D.
found
out
【答案】A
【解析】语境推理法。called
up给……打电话；cared
for关心；cheered
up使……振奋；found
out查明。根据空格后
“the
police”可知是给警察打电话。故选A。
2.
This
year
is
the
49th
Earth
Day
and
I
think
we
should
________
people
not
to
________
too
many
trees.
A.
call
on;
cut
down
B.
call
at;
cut
up
C.
call
in;
cut
off
D.
call
for
cut
off
【答案】A
【解析】短语辨析法。句意：今年是第49个地球日，我想我们应号召人们不要砍伐太多的树。call
on号召；call
at拜访；call
in召来；cut
down砍倒；
cut
up切碎；
cut
off切除。根据句意可知选A。
要点13
1.等候
2.赶上
3.几分钟后
4.
取消
5.同意
6.寻找
7.发生一起事故
8.摔跤
9.变瞎
10.求助
11.
多亏;
归功于
12.
医疗保健
13.
期待做某事
14.
在19世纪
15.
保持健康
16.
体力劳动
17.
拒绝
18.偶尔;
有时;
间或
【答案】1.wait
for
2.catch
up
3.in
a
few
minutes
4.call
off
5.have
an
agreement
6.look
for
7.have
an
accident
8.fall
over
9.go
blind
10.call
for
help
11.thanks
to
12.health
care
13.expect
to
do
sth
14.in
the
nineteenth
century
15.keep
fit
16.physical
efforts
17.say
no
to
18.once
in
a
while
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.
They
___________(build)
a
pedestrian
bridge
(人行天桥)last
year.
2.
The
student
___________(clean)
the
classroom
now.
3.
Light
____________(travel)
much
faster
than
sound.
4.
She
works
hard
and
_________(come)
home
very
late.
5.
Linda
______________
(work)
in
this
factory
for
nearly
ten
years.
6.
The
students
___________
(have)
a
medical
examination
next
month.
7.
It
is
said
that
the
policy
on
the
environment
_______________
(carry)
out
in
2023.
8.
A
wonderful
party
_______________________
(give)
to
him
next
week.
9.
Mother
___________________
(tell)
me
a
story
every
night.
10.
Yesterday
we
_______________________
(play)
football
after
school.
【答案】1.built
2.is
cleaning
3.travels
4.comes
5.has
worked
6.will
have
7.will
be
carried
8.will
be
given
9.tells
10.played
话题五、健康生活
本模块的话题是“健康生活”。学生在具体的写作中应做到以下几点:
1.能够写出自己的健康生活原则,制定健康生活计划;
2.能够从出行安全、饮食健康、生活作息、乐观心态等方面提出有关健康生活的建议。
常用词汇:
serious
harm/hurt
food/traffic
safety
look
after
keep
fit/healthy
keep
away
from
say
no
to...
be
good/bad
for...
常用句型:
It’s
important
for
us
to
keep
fit.
Here
are
some
suggestions
about
how
to
keep
fit.
You
had
better
keep
a
balanced
diet.
Eating
too
much
meat
is
not
good
for
your
health.
Enough
sleep
is
necessary
for
our
health.
In
this
way,
we
will
live
a
happy
life.
【实战演练】
饮食的安全和健康受到越来越多的关注和重视。请以“Say
no
to
junk
food”为题,根据以下要点写一篇英语短文。
提示:1.垃圾食品对健康无益;
2.应选择正确的生活方式,如三餐规律、健康饮食、多参加户外活动等;
3.……
要求:1.必须包含以上要点,可适当发挥;
2.词数80~100,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:营养nutrition 心情mood
Say
no
to
junk
food
Nowadays,
more
and
more
attention
has
been
paid
to
food
safety
and
health.
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
we
should
say
no
to
junk
food______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In
a
word,
a
healthy
diet
with
less
junk
food
can
make
us
stronger
and
stronger.
【答案】
Nowadays,
more
and
more
attention
has
been
paid
to
food
safety
and
health.
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
we
should
say
no
to
junk
food.
There
is
no
doubt
that
junk
food
is
very
delicious
and
attractive,
but
it
truly
does
harm
to
our
body.
To
get
away
from
the
junk
food,
we
should
focus
on
how
to
keep
a
healthy
lifestyle.?
There
are
many
tips
to
follow.
First,
eat
three
meals
on
time.
Try
as
few
fast
food
as
possible.
Second,
take
more
fruit
and
vegetables
which
can
provide
the
nutrition
we
need.
What’s
more,
do
more
outdoor
activities.
Last
but
not
least,
keeping
in
good
mood
is
also
necessary.?
In
a
word,
a
healthy
diet
with
less
junk
food
can
make
us
stronger
and
stronger.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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