(共50张PPT)
Module
3The
Violence
of
Nature
It’s
always
smart
to
prepare
for
any
natural
disaster
given
how
unpredictable
nature
can
be.Whether
it
be
preparing
for
an
earthquake,hurricane,tornado,or
snowstorm,below
are
basic
suggestions
for
what
to
keep
in
your
disaster
supply
kit.
1.Water.It’s
recommended
to
have
one
gallon
of
water
per
day
per
person.You
should
keep
at
least
three
gallons1
per
person
at
home.
2.Food.You
should
have
at
least
three
day’s
worth
of
food.Concentrate
on
non-perishable
food
that
doesn’t
require
refrigeration
or
much
preparation.Consider
cereal,ready-to-eat
canned
fruits,juice,and
meat.Remember
to
have
vitamins
and
special
supplies
around
for
anyone
with
special
needs,such
as
pets,babies,and
the
elderly.
3.Medication.Have
some
extra
medication
on
hand
for
times
when
disaster
strikes
and
you
can’t
leave
your
home
to
refill
your
prescription2.Remember
to
also
store
over-the-counter
medication
like
painkillers,alkal
seltzer,laxatives,anti-diarrhea
medication
and
so
on.
4.First
aid
kit.It
should
have
latex
gloves,gauze
pads,thermometer,sterile
bandages,band-aids,petroleum
jelly,salve
for
burns,adhesive
tape,towelettes
and
instant
cold
packs.
5.Tools
and
supplies.This
includes
items
such
as
candles,matches
(both
in
a
waterproof
container),scissors,tweezers,a
sewing
kit,flashlights,extra
batteries,a
small
fire
extinguisher,a
manual
can
opener,and
a
wrench
to
turn
off
gas.Be
sure
to
also
have
a
map
of
the
area
in
case
you
need
to
look
for
a
shelter.
译文
天灾总是在我们始料未及的情况下发生,所以早做准备应对是很有必要的。无论是面对地震、飓风、龙卷风还是雪暴,你都应该准备好以下几样物品。
1.水。每人每天需要饮用一加仑的水,所以你在家中应至少准备一人三加仑的量。
2.食物。家中应该至少有三天的食物储备。这些食物应该不易腐坏,不用放在冰箱中储藏或者吃之前不需要做太多准备,比如说谷物类、罐头水果、果汁、肉类。别忘了给有特殊需求的人准备维他命片或其他需要的东西,如宠物、婴儿和老人。
3.药品。家中有一些备用药的话,当灾难来临时你就不用再出门去买这些药了。同时也储备些非处方药,如止痛片、消食片、轻泻剂、止腹泻片等。
4.急救箱。急救箱里应该有医用手套、纱布、温度计、无菌绷带、创可贴、凡士林、烧伤药膏、胶布、湿纸巾和即时冰袋。
5.工具箱。工具箱里应该要有蜡烛、火柴(这两样最好放在防水盒子里),剪刀、镊子、针线包、手电筒、备用电池、一个小型灭火器、手动开瓶器和一个能用来关闭煤气阀门的扳手。最好也准备一份你所在地区的地图,当你想寻找躲避灾难的地方时,这份地图就能派上用场了。
词海拾贝
1.gallon
/?g?l?n/
n.加仑(容量单位)
2.prescription
/prI?skrIp?(?)n/
n.药方;指示;惯例
理解诱思
What
else
do
you
need
when
a
natural
disaster
happens?
答案:The
answer
is
open.
Section
Ⅰ Introduction,Reading
and
Vocabulary
一
二
三
一、写作词汇
语境考查:预习Introduction,Reading
and
Vocabulary部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段。
1.—What’s
on
TV
now?
—A
news
report
says
an
earthquake
(袭击)
Japan
last
night.?
2.—Have
you
moved
to
your
new
apartment?
—Not
yet.I
haven’t
bought
any
(家具)
for
it.?
3.—Why
are
you
going
abroad?
—I
want
to
(经历)
a
different
culture.?
4.It
(突然想到)
to
me
that
the
accident
was
(引起)
by
my
carelessness,for
which
I (结果)
being
put
in
prison.?
struck
furniture
experience
occurred
caused
ended
up
四
一
二
三
二、阅读词汇
阅读下列句子,说出黑体词或词组的含义。
1.The
violent
winds
brought
down
many
trees.
含义
?
2.A
hurricane
took
place
in
America.
含义
?
3.When
he
came
in,I
was
buried
in
reading
books.
含义
?
4.I’d
like
the
magazine
to
have
three
columns.
含义
?
5.She
had
to
swim
against
the
current.
含义
?
猛烈的
飓风
专心致志于
专栏
海流
四
一
二
三
三、阅读课文,回答下列问题
1.The
text
mainly
tells
us
.?
A.the
violence
of
natural
disasters
B.the
greatness
of
nature’s
force
C.what
a
tornado
and
a
hurricane
are
D.the
story
of
Charles
Coghlan
2.What
does
the
first
part
tell
about
tornadoes?
A.Tornadoes
are
the
most
violent
winds.
B.Tornadoes
are
rotating
columns
of
air.
C.Tornadoes
all
take
place
in
the
US.
D.Tornadoes
have
killed
80
people
in
total.
答案:A
答案:B
四
一
二
三
3.It
is
impossible
that
hurricanes
usually
take
place
in .?
A.the
southern
Atlantic
Ocean
B.the
Caribbean
Sea
C.the
Gulf
of
Mexico
D.Canada
答案:D
四
一
二
三
四
四、根据课文内容填空
A
tornado,1.
is
a
rotating
column
of
air
from
a
thunderstorm
to
the
ground,usually
occurs
in
the
US,2.___________ (affect)
several
US
states.?
Hurricanes,which
are
strong
tropical
3. (storm),usually
4. (hit)
the
east
coast
of
the
US
from
Texas
to
Marine,the
worst
one
of
which
caused
6,000
5. (die),and
destruction
of
3,600
buildings.?
which
affecting
storms
hit
deaths
一
二
三
四
Here
is
a
story
about
the
worst
hurricane.Charles
Coghlan,
6.
famous
Irish
actor,moved
to
Canada,then
New
York,and
finally
Galveston,7.
he
died
in
1899,a
year
before
the
hurricane
struck.In
the
hurricane,his
cemetery
8.
(destroy)
and
his
coffin
ended
9.
in
the
sea,which
was
carried
by
the
Gulf
Stream
to
his
home
on
Prince
Edward
Island
in
the
east
of
Canada
eight
years
10.___________ (late).?
a
where
was
destroyed
up
later
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Do
you
know
anyone
who
has
experienced
one
of
the
events?(教材Page
21)
你认识经历过以上某个事件的一个人吗?
★考点 experience
vt.经历
Our
country
has
experienced
great
changes.
我们国家经历了巨大的变化。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会experience的词性及含义
①You
will
experience
some
discomfort
during
the
treatment.
治疗中你会感到有些不适。
词性
动词 含义
感受
②Does
she
have
much
experience
of
teaching?
她有丰富的教学经验吗?
词性
名词 含义
经验
③【高考典句】(2018·北京)First
I
would
like
to
express
my
warmest
welcome
to
you
and
I
am
sure
you
will
have
the
most
unforgettable
experience
during
your
college
in
Beijing.
首先,热烈欢迎各位,并且我很确定你们在北京上大学将会是一次难忘的经历。
词性
名词 含义
经历
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(2)阅读下列句子,体会experience的相关短语及含义
①He’s
experienced
in
looking
after
children.
他在照料孩子方面有经验。
短语
be
experienced
in 含义
在……方面有经验?
②We
learn
both
by
experience
and
through
textbooks.
我们既从经验中学习也从书本中学习。
短语
by
experience 含义
从经验中(得出)?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tom
has
experienced
a
lot
of
natural
disasters,so
he
says
he
himself
is
a
man
with
unforgettable
experiences
and
has
got
a
lot
of
experience;that
is,he
is
experienced
in
dealing
with
natural
disasters.
汤姆经历过许多自然灾害,因此他说他自己是一个有许多难忘经历的人,并且获得了许多经验,也就是说他在应对自然灾害方面有经验。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
For
example,what
causes
them?(教材Page
21)
例如,什么导致它们的发生?
★考点 cause
vt.引起;导致
What
caused
his
illness?
是什么使他生病?
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义
①What
was
the
cause
of
the
accident?
那起事故的起因是什么?
词性
名词 含义
原因;起因
②How
many
of
them
are
in
support
of
our
educational
cause?
他们当中有多少人支持我们的教育事业?
词性
名词 含义
事业
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(2)阅读下列句子,体会cause的相关短语及含义
①I’m
afraid
I’m
causing
you
much
trouble.
我怕给你增添很多麻烦。
短语
cause
sb.sth. 含义
给某人造成(麻烦等)?
②The
storm
has
caused
damage
to
hundreds
of
houses.
暴风雨对数百间房屋造成了损害。
短语
cause
damage
to 含义
对……造成损害?
③What
caused
him
to
change
his
mind?
是什么使他改变了主意?
短语
cause
sb.to
do 含义
导致某人做……?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
④The
teacher
tried
to
explain
the
cause
of
our
failure.
老师设法解释我们失败的原因。
短语
the
cause
of
... 含义
……的原因?
⑤Can
you
tell
me
the
cause
and
effect
of
it?
你能不能告诉我它的原因和结果?
短语
cause
and
effect 含义
原因和结果?
They
wanted
to
find
out
what
caused
the
fire
which
caused
great
damage
to
the
factory.To
their
surprise,the
cause
of
it
was
the
carelessness
of
a
worker.
他们想查出是什么导致了给工厂造成巨大损失的火灾。令他们惊讶的是,火灾的起因源于一个工人的粗心。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
cause
sb.sth.给某人造成(麻烦等)
cause
damage
to
对……造成损害
cause
sb.to
do
导致某人做……
the
cause
of...……的起因
cause
and
effect
原因和结果
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Almost
all
of
them
occur
in
the
US,in
the
area
from
Texas
in
the
southeast
to
South
Dakota
in
the
north.(教材Page
23)
几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国东南部的得克萨斯州与北部的南达科他州之间的地区。
★考点 occur
vi.发生
Years
ago,a
critical
event
occurred
in
my
life
that
would
change
it
forever.
许多年前,我的人生中发生了一件重要的事,它将永远改变我的人生。
Police
said
that
the
robbery
occurred
at
9
a.m.
警方说这起抢劫事件发生在上午九点。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会occur的相关短语及含义
【高考典句】(2018·天津)It
seldom
occurred
to
them
to
wander
a
bit,to
take
a
moment
to
see
what’s
around
them.
他们很少想过要去散会儿步,或者停一会儿去看看周围是什么。
短语
(an
idea)
occur
to
sb. 含义
某人想到/想起(主意等)?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(2)辨析:occur,happen,take
place和break
out
occur表示事情的发生时,可与happen互换。sth.occurred
to
sb.表示“某人想到/想起(主意等)”。
happen表示事物或情况偶然或未能预见地发生;其后接不定式或用在It
happened
that...句型中时,意为“碰巧,偶然”。
take
place指事先计划或预想到的事情的发生。
break
out指(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生。
①You’ll
never
guess
what
has
happened!
你根本猜不到发生了什么事!
②When
does
the
wedding
take
place?
什么时候举行婚礼?
③The
Second
World
War
broke
out
in
September
1939.
第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tornadoes
can
pick
up
cars,trains
and
even
houses
and
put
them
down
in
the
next
street—or
even
in
the
next
town.(教材Page
23)
龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车,甚至房子,把它们卷到旁边的街道——甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。
★考点一 pick
up卷起;掀起;拿起
She
picked
up
the
rubbish
on
the
floor
and
put
it
into
a
waste
paper
basket.
她拾起地上的垃圾放入一个废纸篓中。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,体会pick
up的含义?
①He
picked
his
cap
up
from
the
floor.
他从地板上捡起帽子。
含义
捡起;拿起
②We
drove
to
the
airport
the
next
morning
to
pick
up
Susan.
我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。
含义
(开车)接某人
③Where
can
I
pick
up
a
cheaper
camera?
我到哪里能买到一台廉价的摄像机?
含义
(碰巧或廉价)买到
④Where
did
you
pick
up
your
English?
你从哪儿学的英语?
含义
(无意中)学会
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
⑤They’ve
picked
up
an
illness
because
of
bad
eating
habits.
他们因为不良的饮食习惯而得了病。
含义
得(病)
⑥We
can
pick
up
the
BBC
World
service.
我们能收到英国广播公司国际广播节目。
含义
接收到(信号等)
⑦The
steel
production
in
China
is
beginning
to
pick
up.
中国的钢铁生产开始好转。
含义
(经济)好转
⑧We
reached
the
outskirts
of
town
and
began
to
pick
up
speed.
我们到达市郊后开始加速。
含义
加速
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Every
afternoon,he
picks
up
the
radio
to
pick
up
the
English
news.It’s
over
the
radio
that
he
has
picked
up
English.After
that,it’s
time
for
him
to
pick
up
his
son
from
school.With
his
car
picking
up
speed,he
can
get
to
school
on
time.
每天下午,他拿出收音机收听英语新闻。正是通过收音机,他学会了英语。之后,到了他去学校接儿子的时间了。随着车速的加快,他能够按时到达学校。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
★考点二 put
down
放下
She
put
down
the
phone,and
shook
her
head
sadly.
她放下电话,惋惜地摇了摇头。
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会put
down的含义?
①The
bus
stopped
to
put
down
some
passengers.
公共汽车停下来让一些旅客下车。
含义
让(某人)下车
②Make
sure
you
put
down
every
word
she
says.
确保记下她说的每一个字。
含义
记下
③Soldiers
went
in
to
put
down
a
rebellion.
军队出动以镇压叛乱。
含义
镇压
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(2)阅读下列句子,体会put的相关短语及含义
①We
put
some
money
aside
every
month
for
rainy
days.
我们每月都存下一些钱供救急使用。
短语
put
aside 含义
储存;保留?
②Put
your
toys
away
in
the
cupboard.
把你的玩具放进柜子里去。
短语
put
away 含义
放好;将……收好?
③Please
put
the
dictionary
back
on
the
bookshelf.
请把字典放回书架上。
短语
put
back 含义
把……放回原处?
④Never
put
off
what
can
be
done
today
until
tomorrow.
今日事,今日毕。
短语
put
off 含义
推迟;延迟?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
⑤Hurry
up!Put
your
coat
on!
快点!把外衣穿上!
短语
put
on 含义
穿上?
⑥She
tried
to
put
out
the
fire,but
failed.
她试图把火扑灭,但是失败了。
短语
put
out 含义
扑灭(火等)?
⑦Those
flats
were
put
up
in
the
1960s.
那些公寓楼都是20世纪60年代建造的。
短语
put
up 含义
建造?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
put
down
放下;让(某人)下车;记下;镇压
put
aside
储存;保留
put
away
放好;将……收好
put
back
把……放回原处
put
off
推迟;延迟
put
on
穿上
put
out
扑灭(火等)
put
up建造
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
They
can
take
the
fur
off
the
back
of
a
cat
and
the
feathers
off
a
chicken.(教材Page
23)
它们也能剥掉猫背上的皮毛和鸡的羽毛。
★考点 take
off去掉
If
you
buy
more
than$50,the
shopkeeper
will
take
off
5%
from
the
bill.
如果你买了超过50美元的物品,售货员会从你的账单上去掉5%的钱。
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会take
off的含义?
①The
plane
takes
off
at
3
o’clock.
飞机将在3点起飞。
含义
(飞机)起飞
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
②The
new
film
directed
by
the
young
man
has
really
taken
off.
这个年轻人导演的电影大受欢迎。
含义
突然大受欢迎;迅速流行
③She
took
off
her
glasses.
她摘下了眼镜。
含义
摘掉
④He
took
two
weeks
off
in
August.
他在八月份休了两个星期的假。
含义
休假
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(2)阅读下列句子,体会take的相关短语及含义
①Fish
take
in
oxygen
through
their
gills.
鱼通过鳃摄取氧气。
短语
take
in 含义
摄取?
②Our
hometown
has
taken
on
a
new
look
in
the
past
ten
years.
近10年来,我们的家乡呈现出新的面貌。
短语
take
on 含义
呈现?
③When
she
fell
ill,her
daughter
took
over
the
business
from
her.
她患病期间,生意曾由她女儿代管。
短语
take
over 含义
接收;接管?
④This
table
takes
up
too
much
room.
这张桌子太占地方。
短语
take
up 含义
占据?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
take
off
(飞机)起飞;突然大受欢迎;摘掉;休假
take
in
摄取
take
on
呈现
take
over
接收;接管
take
up
占据
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
On
average,there
are
800
tornadoes
in
the
US
each
year,causing
about
80
deaths
and
1,500
injuries.(教材Page
23)
平均来说,美国每年发生800次龙卷风,造成大约80人死亡,1,500人受伤。
剖析动词-ing短语causing
about
80
deaths
and
1,500
injuries在句中作状语,表示结果。
★考点 on
average平均起来
400
people
die
of
this
disease
on
average
a
year.
平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,体会average的词性及含义
①The
average
of
4,6
and
8
is
6.
4、6、8三个数的平均数是6。
词性
名词 含义
平均数
②The
employees’
average
income
in
this
company
is
about
$1,500
a
month.
这家公司的员工平均收入大约是每月一千五百美元。
词性
形容词 含义
平均的
③The
rainfall
averages
36
inches
a
year.
年降雨量平均为36英寸。
词性
动词 含义
平均为
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
His
income
is
well
above
average,but
he
has
a
large
family
to
support.On
average,his
household
income
is
$20,000
every
year.
他的收入大大高于平均数,但是他有一大家子人要养活。他平均每年的家庭投入是两万美元。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
By
the
late
1890s,he
had
moved
to
Galveston,where
he
died
in
1899,a
year
before
the
hurricane
struck.(教材Page
23)
到19世纪90年代末,他已移居到加尔维斯顿,并于1899年在那里去世,那是飓风袭击的前一年。
剖析(1)where
he
died
in
1899为定语从句,修饰先行词Galveston。
(2)a
year
before
the
hurricane
struck为同位语,对前面所提及的1899进行补充说明。
★考点 strike
vt.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击
【高考典句】(2016·北京)The
children
of
Nome
would
be
helpless
if
it
struck
the
town.
如果它(一种致命的病)袭击这个城镇(Nome),孩子们会陷入无助的境地。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会strike的含义
①A
snowball
struck
him
on
the
head.
一个雪球打在他的头上。
含义
击打
②The
man
struck
a
match
to
light
a
candle.
那个人划火柴点燃一根蜡烛。
含义
划(火柴)
③The
visitors
were
struck
by
the
scenery
of
the
countryside.
游客们被乡村美景打动了。
含义
打动(某人)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
④The
church
clock
struck
eleven
when
I
reached
the
village.
当我到达村庄时,教堂的钟报时11点。
含义
(指时钟)敲响报时
⑤At
this
point,it
suddenly
struck
me
that
I
shouldn’t
give
up.
在这一刻,我突然意识到不能放弃。
含义
突然想到
(2)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义
①Staff
at
the
hospital
went
on
strike
for
a
safe
working
environment.
医院员工为了一个安全的工作环境而举行罢工。
词性
名词 含义
罢工
②The
footballer
took
a
strike
at
the
goal.
那个足球队员飞脚射门。
词性
名词 含义
击;踢
1
2
3
4
5
6
7(共23张PPT)
Section
Ⅱ Grammar
一
二
三
四
一、阅读下列句子,完成题后练习
1.By
the
time
it
ended,more
than
700
people
had
been
killed
and
2,700
had
been
injured.
2.By
the
late
1890s,he
had
moved
to
Galveston.
3.He
said
he
had
been
to
Beijing
twice.
4.Coghlan
travelled
back
to
Canada
after
he
had
been
buried
in
Texas!
以上四个句子都使用了 (时态)。其中,第一句和第四句为 语态,句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者,即有
关系;第二句和第三句为 语态,句子的主语是谓语动词动作的发出者,即有 关系。?
过去完成时
被动
动宾
主动
主谓
一
二
三
四
二、根据给出的直接引语,完成下列句子
1.I’ve
seen
that
film.
→He
said
that
seen
that
film.?
2.I’ll
do
it
after
class.
→He
said
that
he
do
it
after
class.?
3.Do
you
enjoy
reading?
→He
asked
me
reading.?
4.When
did
you
get
up
this
morning?
→He
asked
me
I
up
morning.?
he
had
would
if/whether
I
enjoye
when
had
got
that
一
二
三
四
三、单句语法填空
1.Reports
said
that
at
least
six
people
(kill).?
2.We
reminded
them
that
the
meeting
(put)
off
already.?
3.By
the
time
I
arrived,the
work
(complete).?
4.By
the
time
he
was
eight,he
(teach)
to
play
the
piano.?
5.He
(mean)
to
take
a
good
holiday
this
year,but
he
wasn’t
able
to
get
away.?
had
been
killed
had
been
put
had
been
completed
had
been
taught
had
meant
一
二
三
四
had
been
published
had
been
stolen
had
visited
had
been
lost
四、完成句子
1.He
said
that
his
novel
(已经出版了).?
2.The
police
found
my
handbag
and,happily,nothing
(被偷走).?
3.The
boy
told
his
teacher
that
they
(参观了)
the
exhibition
the
day
before.?
4.By
the
end
of
last
year,they
(complete)
the
project.?
1
2
She
returned
home
and
found
all
her
furniture
had
been
ruined
by
the
flood.(教材Page
24)
她回到家,发现她所有的家具都被洪水毁了。
★考点 ruin
vt.毁坏
Her
bright
future
was
ruined
by
the
accident.
这次事故毁了她美好的未来。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义
①His
carelessness
led
to
his
ruin.
他的粗心导致了他的毁灭。
词性
名词 含义
毁灭
②We
visited
the
ruins
of
Rome.
我们参观了古罗马的遗迹。
词性
名词 含义
废墟;遗迹
1
2
A
storm
ruined
the
whole
town
and
we
could
see
nothing
but
ruins
there.
暴风雨毁了整个城镇,我们除了一片废墟什么也看不到了。
1
2
1
2
Grammar
★考点一 过去完成时的被动语态
They
soon
realised
they
had
been
cheated.
他们很快便意识到他们被骗了。
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会过去完成时的用法
①When
I
got
to
the
cinema,the
film
had
been
on
for
ten
minutes.
当我到电影院时,电影已开始10分钟了。
②We
had
learnt
fifteen
lessons
by
last
week.
到上周为止,我们已经学了15课。
③He
had
stayed
here
for
two
days
before
he
left.
他在这里待了两天后离开了。
1
2
④We
had
hardly
started
when
it
began
to
rain.
=We
had
no
sooner
started
than
it
began
to
rain.
我们刚出发,就开始下雨。
⑤I
had
hoped
to
see
you.
我本希望来看你。
1
2
归纳
①过去完成时表示动作或状态在过去某个时间或动作之前发生,即“过去的过去”。
②“by+过去时间点”常与过去完成时连用。
③当句中有before或after引导时间状语从句时,如果后发生的动作用一般过去时,则先发生的动作可用过去完成时,也可用一般过去时。
④常用句型“hardly...when...”或“no
sooner...than...”意为“刚……就……”,主句中用过去完成时,when/than从句中用一般过去时。
⑤表示计划、打算或希望的动词,如expect,hope,mean,suppose,think,want,plan,intend等的过去完成时表示过去未实现的计划、打算等。
1
2
(2)阅读下列句子,体会被动语态的各种时态和构成形式
①Visitors
are
not
allowed
to
touch
the
exhibits.
禁止参观者触摸展品。
时态
一般现在时 形式
am/is/are+过去分词
②All
the
preparations
for
the
task
have
been
made.
那项任务的所有准备工作已经完成。
时态
现在完成时 形式
have/has
been+过去分词?
③A
new
cinema
is
being
built
here.
这里正在建造一个新影院。
时态
现在进行时 形式
am/is/are+being+过去分词
④I
was
given
ten
minutes
to
decide
whether
I
should
accept
the
offer.
我被给予10分钟来决定是否接受提议。
时态
一般过去时 形式
was/were+过去分词
1
2
⑤By
the
end
of
last
year,another
new
stadium
had
been
built
in
Beijing.
到去年年底,北京已经建成了另一座新的体育馆。
时态
过去完成时 形式
had
been+过去分词?
⑥A
meeting
was
being
held
when
I
arrived
there.
我到那里时,那里正在开会。
时态
过去进行时 形式
was/were+being+过去分词
⑦Hundreds
of
jobs
will
be
lost
if
the
steel
works
closes.
如果钢厂关门,将失去数百工作岗位。
时态
一般将来时 形式
will
be+过去分词?
1
2
1
2
★考点二 间接引语
She
said,“I
have
lost
a
pen.”
→She
said
she
had
lost
a
pen.
她说她丢了一支钢笔。
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会时态的变化
①The
girl
said,“I
am
very
happy
now.”
→The
girl
said
that
she
was
very
happy
then.
时态变化
一般现在时变成一般过去时
②Tom
said,“We
are
listening
to
the
pop
music.”
→Tom
said
that
they
were
listening
to
the
pop
music.
时态变化
现在进行时变成过去进行时
1
2
③Mother
asked,“Have
you
finished
your
homework
before
you
watch
TV?”
→Mother
asked
me
whether
I
had
finished
my
homework
before
I
watched
TV.
时态变化
现在完成时变成过去完成时
④“Why
did
she
refuse
to
come
here?”
the
teacher
asked.
→The
teacher
asked
why
she
had
refused
to
go
there.
时态变化
一般过去时变成过去完成时
⑤He
said,“I
will
go
and
get
it.”
→He
said
that
he
would
go
and
get
it.
时态变化
一般将来时变成过去将来时
1
2
⑥Mother
asked
me,“Had
you
made
a
decision
before
you
returned
home?”
→Mother
asked
me
whether
I
had
made
a
decision
before
I
returned
home.
时态变化
过去完成时时态不变
⑦Tom
said,“We
were
having
a
football
match
this
time
yesterday.”
→Tom
said
that
they
were
having
a
football
match
that
time
the
day
before.
时态变化
过去进行时时态不变
⑧He
said,“I
went
to
college
in
1994.”
→He
told
us
that
he
went
to
college
in
1994.
时态变化
当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,一般过去时不变
1
2
⑨Our
teacher
said
to
us,“Light
travels
faster
than
sound.”
→Our
teacher
told
us
that
light
travels
faster
than
sound.
时态变化
当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象或格言、谚语时,时态不变
(2)阅读下列句子,体会代词的变化
①She
said,“My
brother
wants
to
go
with
me.”
→She
said
her
brother
wanted
to
go
with
her.
②“You
should
be
more
careful
next
time,”
my
father
told
me.
→My
father
told
me
that
I
should
be
more
careful
the
next
time.
③She
said
to
her
son,“I’ll
check
your
homework
tonight.”
→She
told
her
son
that
she
would
check
his
homework
that
night.
④He
said,“These
books
are
mine.”
→He
said
those
books
were
his.
1
2
(3)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词或词组的变化
①She
said,“I
won’t
come
here
any
more.”
→She
said
that
she
wouldn’t
go
there
any
more.
②He
said,“I’m
out
now.”
→He
said
that
he
was
out
then.
③He
said,“I
want
to
leave
today.”
→He
said
that
he
wanted
to
leave
that
day.
④He
said,“She
left
yesterday.”
→He
said
that
she
had
left
the
day
before.
⑤She
said,“I’ll
tell
you
tomorrow.”
→She
said
that
she
would
tell
me
the
next
day.
1
2
(4)阅读下列句子,体会句式的变化
①He
said,“You
are
younger
than
I.”
→He
said
(that)
I
was
younger
than
him.
②She
said,“Do
you
often
come
here
to
read
newspapers?”
→She
asked
me
if/whether
I
often
went
there
to
read
newspapers.
③I
asked
him,“Will
you
stay
at
home
or
go
to
the
cinema
tonight?”
→I
asked
him
whether
he
would
stay
at
home
or
go
to
the
cinema
that
night.
④He
asked,“Where
do
you
live?”
→He
asked
me
where
I
lived.
⑤The
teacher
said
to
the
boy,“Open
the
window.”
→The
teacher
told
the
boy
to
open
the
window.
1
2
1.直接引语变间接引语时,主句是一般过去时态,从句时态的变化规律
2.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化
1
2
1
2(共27张PPT)
Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
一
二
三
一、根据词性及汉语提示写出相关单词
1. vt.(火山的)爆发;喷发→eruption
n.(火山的)爆发;喷发?
2. adj.受潮水影响的;有涨落的→tide
n.潮汐?
3. n.火山→volcanic
adj.火山的?
4. n.可能;可能性→possible
adj.可能的→possibly
adv.
有可能地?
5. adj.吓人的;可怕的→terrify
v.恐吓→terrified
adj.受惊吓的?
6. adv.幸运地;幸亏→lucky
adj.幸运的→luck
n.运气,好运?
7. adv.感激地;满怀感谢地→thankful
adj.感谢的,感激的→thank
v.&n.感谢?
8.
n.警告→warn
v.警告?
erupt
tidal
volcano
possibility
terrifying
luckily
thankfully
warning
一
二
三
9. adj.积极的;活跃的→actively
adv.积极地,活跃地→activity
n.活动?
10. n.&
v.损失;损害→damaging
adj.有害的?
active
damage
二、短语翻译
1.set
fire
to
?
2.catch
fire
?
3.put
out
?
4.in
all
?
5.do
the
most
damage
?
6.倾盆而下 ?
7.倒塌 ?
8.失去生命 ?
9.翻转 ?
10.下定义
?
一
二
三
放火(焚烧)……
着火
扑灭(火)
总共;总计
造成最大的伤害
pour
down
fall
down
lose
one’s
life(lives)
turn
over
give
a
definition
一
二
三
三、阅读课文Earthquakes
Around
the
Pacific,完成下列各题
阅读课文,判断正(T)误(F)
1.The
most
serious
earthquake
in
China
occurred
in
1556.
( )
2.The
California
Earthquake
is
the
most
serious
earthquake
in
the
United
States,and
it
lasted
for
only
an
hour.( )
3.China
had
many
earthquakes
because
China
is
situated
in
the
earthquake
region.( )
T
F
T
一
二
三
阅读课文,选择最佳答案
4.How
many
earthquakes
happen
in
the
world
a
year?
A.About
two.
B.More
than
100,000.
C.About
400.
5.What
did
the
most
damage
in
the
California
Earthquake
in
1906?
A.Fires
caused
by
the
earthquake.
B.The
earthquake
itself.
C.3,000
deaths
in
the
earthquake.
B
A
一
二
三
6.Why
does
the
author
mention
China
and
California?
A.To
warn
people
of
the
destruction
of
earthquakes.
B.To
remind
people
of
the
two
big
earthquakes.
C.To
give
examples
about
the
destruction
of
earthquakes.
7.The
organizing
structure
of
this
article
is
.?
A.from
general
to
particulars
B.from
particulars
to
general
C.from
example
to
example
C
A
1
2
3
4
5
When
the
lava
reached
the
sea,there
was
the
possibility
of
a
huge
tidal
wave
which
could
flood
half
the
island.(教材Page
25)
当岩浆流到大海的时候,有可能会引起巨大的海潮并且会造成半个岛屿的洪灾。
剖析句中when引导时间状语从句,名词wave后跟which引导的定语从句。
★考点 possibility
n.可能;可能性
Is
there
any
possibility
of
a
nuclear
accident?
有可能发生核事故吗?
1
2
3
4
5
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义
①Anything
is
possible,as
we
all
know.
众所周知,一切皆有可能。
词性
形容词 含义
可能的
②Do
you
think
that
he
could
possibly
be
right?
你觉得他有可能是对的吗?
词性
副词 含义
可能地;也许
1
2
3
4
5
(2)阅读下列句子,体会黑体部分的含义
①There
is
no
possibility
that
we’ll
put
off
the
party.
我们不可能推迟聚会。
含义
没有……的可能性
②It
is
possible
that
you
will
be
chosen
as
the
representative.
有可能挑选你作为代表。
含义
有可能……
③It
is
possible
(for
us)
to
find
out
the
answer
by
making
efforts.
我们有可能通过努力找到答案。
含义
(某人)有可能做……
④Go
and
see
the
doctor
as
soon
as
possible.
尽早去看医生。
含义
尽可能……
1
2
3
4
5
Possibly,I
can
pass
the
exam.But
there
is
no
possibility
that
I
can
get
high
marks
even
if
I
work
as
hard
as
possible.
我有可能能通过这次考试,但是我得高分的可能性是没有的,哪怕我很努力了。
There
is
no
possibility
that...没有……的可能性
It
is
possible
that
有可能……
It
is
possible
(for
sb.)
to
do
(某人)有可能做……
as...as
possible
尽可能……
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Ash
and
lava
poured
down
the
mountain,setting
fire
to
hundreds
of
houses.(教材Page
25)
灰和岩浆从山上倾泻而下,点燃了成百上千的房子。
剖析动词-ing短语setting
fire
to
hundreds
of
houses作状语,表示结果。
★考点 set
fire
to
放火(焚烧)……
The
police
hasn’t
found
out
who
set
fire
to
the
storehouse.
警方还没查出是谁放火烧了仓库。
1
2
3
4
5
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,体会fire的相关短语及含义
①Some
naughty
boys
set
the
dry
grass
on
fire.
一些淘气的男孩点着了干草。
短语
set
sth.on
fire 含义
点燃某物?
②They
rushed
out
of
the
building
which
was
on
fire.
他们冲出了正在着火的楼房。
短语
be
on
fire 含义
着火;在燃烧?
③Dry
things
catch
fire
easily.
干燥的东西容易着火。
短语
catch
fire 含义
着火?
④She
put
out
the
fire
and
closed
the
door.
她扑灭火,然后关上了门。
短语
put
out
the
fire 含义
扑灭火?
1
2
3
4
5
The
material
produced
in
this
factory
is
easy
to
catch
fire.Last
night,the
factory
was
on
fire.When
the
firefighters
put
out
the
fire,unfortunately,one
of
them
lost
his
life.
这家工厂生产的材料极其易燃。昨天晚上,这家工厂着火了。在消防队员扑灭火的过程中,不幸的是其中的一位队员牺牲了自己的生命。
1
2
3
4
5
set
sth.on
fire
点燃某物
be
on
fire
着火;在燃烧
catch
fire
着火
put
out
the
fire
扑灭火
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
We
put
all
the
fires
out.(教材Page
25)
我们扑灭了所有的火。
★考点 put
out扑灭(火)
The
firemen
soon
put
the
fire
out.
消防队员不久便扑灭了那场火。
1
2
3
4
5
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的含义
①There
was
a
power
failure
and
all
the
lights
went
out.
停电了,所有的灯都熄灭了。
含义
熄灭
②The
fire
had
been
out
for
two
hours
when
they
arrived.
当他们到达时,火已灭了两个小时。
含义
熄灭
辨析:put
out,go
out和be
out
put
out扑灭(火),熄灭(灯),是及物动词,可用于被动语态,表示动作。
go
out(火等)熄灭,是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态。
be
out(火等)熄灭,表示状态,可以与一段时间连用。
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
The
hurricane
lasted
for
two
days.It
was
terrifying!(教材Page
28)
飓风持续了两天,太可怕了。
★考点 terrifying
adj.吓人的;可怕的
What
a
terrifying
experience!
多么可怕的经历啊!
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义
①The
aim
of
the
terrorists
is
to
terrify
people!
恐怖分子的目的就是令大众感到恐慌!
词性
动词 含义
使害怕;使惊吓
②He
looked
terrified
at
the
sight
of
a
snake.
他一看见蛇就非常害怕。
词性
形容词 含义
害怕的
1
2
3
4
5
Terrified
by
the
terrifying
scene,the
girl
ran
away,terrified.
被这可怕的一幕吓坏了,这个女孩害怕地跑开了。
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Fortunately/Luckily,we
had
plenty
of
warning.(教材Page
28)
幸运的是,我们收到了大量的警报。
★考点 fortunately/luckily
adv.幸运地;幸亏
Fortunately/Luckily,the
lost
money
was
found.
幸运的是,丢失的钱找到了。
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义
①Jane
will
be
lucky/fortunate
to
study
abroad.
简能出国学习真是太幸运了。
词性
形容词 含义
幸运的
②She
owes
her
success
to
hard
work
and
a
little
luck.
她认为她的成功来自勤劳和一点运气。
词性
名词 含义
运气
1
2
3
4
5
③I
have
had
the
good
fortune
to
work
with
some
brilliant
directors.
我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。
词性
名词 含义
荣幸
④She
made
a
fortune
by
her
own
efforts.
她通过自己的努力挣了一笔钱。
词性
名词 含义
财富
1
2
3
4
5
(2)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的含义
①There
was
a
fire
in
the
building,but
thankfully
no
one
was
hurt.
大楼失火了,但幸好没有伤着人。
含义
万幸地
②Hopefully,we’ll
arrive
before
dark.
我们有望在天黑前到达。
含义
满怀希望地
③She
looked
at
him
sadly.
她难过地看着他。
含义
伤心地;难过地
④Unfortunately,I
can’t
attend
the
meeting.
真可惜我将不能参加那次会议。
含义
不幸地;可惜地
1
2
3
4
5(共12张PPT)
Section
Ⅳ Writing
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
读后续写
[题型剖析]
读后续写要求考生根据提供的语言材料、所给段落开头语和所标关键词,续写成一篇结构完整、情节相符、逻辑衔接紧密的短文。本题考查考生对所学语言知识的实际运用能力和发散思维能力。
文章选材以故事类记叙文为主,故事线索逻辑性强,所给出的段落开头与上文联系紧密,指明了续写的方向。所标关键词与故事的时间、地点、人物、事件密切相关。
读后续写要根据题目要求,在读懂原文的基础上,利用原材料的素材、线索和情节等充分发挥想象力和创造力来进行文章续写。读透材料和续写同等重要。续写段的情节并非唯一,可根据自己的理解续写不同的内容。在续写时要注意以下两个方面:
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
第一,续写段落的主题、人物、线索和语言风格要与文章一致。续写时要紧扣所给材料的中心,遵循上文明示或暗示的线索,按照材料中人物性格发展的规律,使用与原文风格一致的语言进行续写。
第二,所续写内容与所给材料结合在一起,必须是一个完整的文章或片段。上下文衔接要自然,前后要照应。
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
一、细读原文,明确篇章结构,确定续写主题。
首先研读原文,确定文章的主题,明确篇章结构。阅读时,关注文中画线的关键词,标记描述事件发展过程的词和短语。对关键词进行分类,为理清文章脉络,进行合理想象故事发展提供有效线索。
前文故事情节:简和她丈夫汤姆驱车去某林区湖边过周末,因某事争吵,简负气出走,寻找度假点,不久迷失在密林中;饥寒交迫中,她想念自己的丈夫和家庭;为求尽快走出森林,她决定去找块空旷之地利用自己的黄色衬衫来引起刚刚飞过头顶的直升机的注意。
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
二、剖析段首开头语,推断续写情节,使用关键词。
仔细阅读给出段落的开头语,明确其中所包含的信息并将其延伸,推断出要写的情节。续写段中应包含两部分:一部分沿用所给材料中表示四要素的关键词,一部分是自己通过合理想象新发展的关键词。
第一段首句写到“直升机没有如愿而至并且天又快黑了”,据此,我们可以设想她采取的补救“措施”,和因劳累而睡着了,这和第二段首句写的“简第二天破晓时醒来了”连贯一致;根据前文的画线词语climbed,yellow
blouse,To
her
great
joy等,可以续写她通过什么途径获救和她的感想。
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
三、串联情节,增加细节描写,恰当使用衔接词。
把上一步中推断的情节进行串联,增加细节描写(内心情感、态度、表情描述),从而形成完整的段落。串联时要注意选用合适的衔接词,根据题目要求,使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词。
四、润色文字,修改提升,增加语篇亮点。
初稿完成后,要对续写段进行润色,即对其中的用词和句式进行提升修改。提升后的段落语言要新颖,短语优先,善用形容词和副词等修饰词。
五、检查修改,排查错误,确保段落完整。
读后续写检查的重点是一致性和完整性。通读所给材料和自己续写的内容,首先确保不出现与原材料相矛盾的地方,又要做到内容上前后连贯、语句通顺。此外,还要检查有无拼写错误、标点符号错误、大小写错误等,检查词数和画线词是否符合要求。
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
One
weekend
in
July,Jane
and
her
husband,Tom,had
driven
three
hours
to
camp
overnight
by
a
lake
in
the
forest.Unfortunately,on
the
way
an
unpleasant
subject
came
up
and
they
started
to
quarrel.By
the
time
they
teached
the
lake,Jane
was
so
angry
that
she
said
to
Tom,“I’m
going
to
find
a
better
spot
for
us
to
camp.”
and
walked
away.
With
no
path
to
follow,Jane
just
walked
on
for
quite
a
long
time.After
she
had
climbed
to
a
high
place,she
turned
around,hoping
to
see
the
lake.To
her
surprise,she
saw
nothing
but
forest
and,far
beyond,a
snowcapped
mountain
top.She
suddenly
realized
that
she
was
lost.
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
“Tom!”she
cried.“Help!”
No
reply.If
only
she
had
not
left
her
mobilephone
in
that
bag
with
Tom.Jane
kept
moving,but
the
farther
she
walked,the
more
confused
she
became.As
night
was
beginning
to
fall.Jane
was
so
tired
that
she
bad
to
stop
for
the
night.Lying
awake
in
the
dark,Jane
wanted
very
much
to
be
with
Tom
and
her
family.She
wanted
to
hold
him
and
tell
him
how
much
she
loved
him.
Jane
rose
at
the
break
of
day,hungry
and
thirsty.She
could
hear
water
tricking(滴落)
somewhere
at
a
distance.Quickly
she
followed
the
sound
to
a
stream.To
her
great
joy,she
also
saw
some
berry
bushes.She
drank
and
ate
a
few
berries.Never
in
her
life
had
she
tasted
anything
better.Feeling
stronger
now,Jane
began
to
walk
along
the
stream
and
hope
it
would
lead
her
to
the
lake.?
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
As
she
picked
her
way
carefully
along
the
stream,Jane
heard
a
helicopter.Is
that
for
me?Unfortunately,the
trees
made
it
impossible
for
people
to
see
her
from
above.A
few
minutes
later,another
helicopter
flew
overhead.Jane
took
off
her
yellow
blouse,thinking
that
she
should
go
to
an
open
area
and
flag
them
if
they
came
back
again.?
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
Paragraph
1:
But
no
more
helicopters
came
and
it
was
getting
dark
again.?
Paragraph
2:
It
was
daybreak
when
Jane
woke
up.?
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
参考范文
Paragraph
1:
But
no
more
helicopters
came
and
it
was
getting
dark
again.Upset
as
she
was,Jane
didn’t
give
up.What’s
more,she
kept
walking
on
slowly,hoping
to
get
where
she
started.With
time
going
by,she
felt
exhausted
and
after
climbing
up
a
slope,she
fell
asleep
where
she
sat
to
take
a
rest.
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
Paragraph
2:
It
was
daybreak
when
Jane
woke
up.A
familiar
figure
walked
at
a
distance
coming
towards
her.As
it
came
nearer
and
nearer,to
her
great
joy,she
recognized
it
as
Tom,her
husband.Seeing
the
yellow
blouse
in
the
open
wild
in
the
sun,he
learned
it
was
Jane
lying
there.And
when
she
left,he
called
the
police
who
then
sent
helicopters
to
search
for
her.And,he
had
been
trying
to
find
her
ever
since.Hearing
his
story,
Jane
burst
into
tears,and
she
said
that
she
was
feeling
very
guilty
and
took
an
oath
that
they
should
never
part
because
family
is
where
happiness
and
warmth
lie.(155
words)?(共21张PPT)
模块重点小结
1.Tornadoes
can
cars,trains
and
even
houses
and
in
the
next
street
—
or
even
in
the
next
town.?
龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车,甚至房子,把它们卷到旁边的街道——甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。
2.They
can
destroy
houses,but
the
furniture
inside
exactly
.?
它们能毁掉房子,却把房内的家具留在原处。
3.
,there
are
800
tornadoes
in
the
US
each
year,
about
80
deaths
and
1,500
injuries.?
平均来说,美国每年发生800次龙卷风,造成大约80人死亡,1,500人受伤。
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pick
up
put
them
down
leave
where
it
was
On
average
causing
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4.The
worst
tornado
of
all
time
in
1925,
three
US
states:Missouri,Illinois
and
Indiana.?
历史上最严重的龙卷风发生于1925年,影响了美国三个州:密苏里州,伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。
5. it
ended,more
than
700
people
and
2,700
.?
等到风停时,已有700多人死亡,2
700多人受伤。
6.By
the
late
1890s,he
to
Galveston,
he
died
in
1899,a
year
before
the
hurricane
struck.?
在19世纪90年代末,他已移居到加尔维斯顿,并于1899年在那里去世,那是飓风袭击的前一年。
occurred
affecting
By
the
time
had
been
killed
had
been
injured
had
moved
where
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7.She
returned
home
and
found
all
her
furniture
by
the
flood.?
她回到家,发现她所有的家具都被洪水毁了。
8.When
the
lava
reached
the
sea,
a
huge
tidal
wave
which
could
flood
half
the
island.?
当岩浆流到大海的时候,有可能会引起巨大的海潮并且会造成半个岛屿的洪灾。
9.Ash
and
lava
poured
down
the
mountain, hundreds
of
houses.?
灰和岩浆从山上倾泻而下,点燃了成百上千的房子。
had
been
ruined
there
was
the
possibility
of
setting
fire
to
Past
perfect
passive
1.他们很快便意识到他们被骗了。
They
soon
realised
they
(take)
in.?
2.地震过后,他们发现几个人已经死了。
After
the
earthquake,they
discovered
that
several
people
(kill).?
Indirect
speech
3.My
mother
said,“We
are
listening
to
classical
music.”
→My
mother
said
that
to
classical
music.?
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had
been
taken
had
been
killed
they
were
listening
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4.Mother
asked,“Have
you
finished
your
homework?”
→Mother
asked
me
homework.?
5.“Why
did
she
refuse
to
go
there?”
the
teacher
asked.
→The
teacher
asked
to
go
there.?
whether
I
had
finished
my
why
she
had
refused
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Giving
a
definition
1.A
flood
is
a
lot
of
water
in
an
area
which
is
usually
dry.
2.A
lightning
is
the
flash
of
light
which
occurs
during
a
thunderstorm.
3.A
tornado
is
a
column
of
air
that
turns
very
quickly.
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这些方法让你的完形填空不再失分
完形填空是高中英语考试较难的一类题目。阅读理解得满分并非很难的事情,但很难见到有完形填空得满分的同学。
究其原因,在于完形填空的上下文连接非常紧密,考查点很细。学生不仅要有良好的基础知识,还要善于联系上下文并结合生活常识甚至中西文化差异来解题。
今天从完形填空的特点、解题步骤和解题技巧三个方面来帮助同学们更完美地解答完形填空题。但是,只知道方法还不够,同学们在课余时间一定要多加练习,把方法和实践结合起来。
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一、完形填空的设题特点
1.主要考以下四类词——名词、动词(包括动词短语)、形容词和副词。
2.首句不设空,有助于考生了解或推测全文的大意。
3.同一小题的四个选项都是同一类词,且为同一语法形式。
二、完形填空的解题步骤
1.通读全文,理解大意。
重视首句信息,跳过空格,浏览全文。从整体上感知全文,理解文章大意,这是解题的基础。
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2.瞻前顾后,避难就易。
在理解文章大意的基础上,结合各选项的意义和用法,遵循先易后难的原则,先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题,暂时跳过。或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示,或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文,解决残敌。
借助已经补全的空格,我们对全文有了更清晰的理解,可以集中解决遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读,弥补疏漏。
全部做好后,考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容,确保全文文意连贯。
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三、完形填空的解题技巧
1.词语之间的习惯搭配,或固定搭配。
【例】Nobel
arranged
in
his
will
to
give
the
largest
part
of
his
money
to
(1)
the
Nobel
prizes,which
would
be
awarded
to
people
who
made
great
(2)
to
the
causes
of
peace,literature,and
the
sciences.?
(1)A.establish B.form
C.develop
D.promote
(2)A.additions
B.sacrifices
C.changes
D.contributions
解析:根据与名词the
Nobel
prizes的搭配,并结合常识,可知应当是“建立;形成”诺贝尔奖奖金。make
contributions
to意思是“对……作出贡献”,是固定搭配。故(1)题答案为A项,(2)题答案为D项。
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2.结合背景知识或生活常识。
【例】But
we
ran
so
much
that,afterwards,we
had
trouble
.?
A.speaking
B.moving
C.sleeping
D.breathing
解析:根据常识,跑步太快时,人们会“呼吸很困难”,所以答案是D项。
3.根据上下文提示,也就是我们所说的上下文语境。
【例】Every
country
has
its
own
culture.Even
though
each
country
uses
doors,doors
may
have
different
functions
and
purposes
which
lead
to
differences.?
A.national
B.embarrassing
C.cultural
D.amazing
解析:从开头总括句“Every
country
has
its
own
culture.”可以知道对于门的使用国与国之间也有自己的“文化差异”,故答案为C项。
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4.词语或词义复现。
词义复现往往会使语篇中的句子相互衔接得更紧密。词语的复现对解题很有帮助。
【例】All
the
students
around
looked
at
me.I
was
totally
,and
my
face
went
red.?
A.embarrassed
B.annoyed
C.unsatisfied
D.excited
解析:由上下文“All
the
students
around
looked
at
me”及“my
face
went
red”可知答案应该是A项,意思是“尴尬的”。
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导语
Some
natural
disasters
are
deadly,one
of
which
is
the
earthquake.How
to
protect
us
during
an
earthquake?
Earthquake
How
does
an
earthquake
start?
What
makes
an
earthquake
happen?The
rock
of
the
earth’s
crust1
may
have
a
fault,a
kind
of
break
in
the
surface.The
blocks
which
make
up
the
earth
move,and
sometimes
this
may
cause
the
sides
of
the
fault
to
move
up
and
down
or
lengthways
against
each
other.When
one
piece
of
rock
starts
to
rub
on
another
with
great
force,a
lot
of
energy
is
used.This
energy
is
changed
into
vibrations2
and
it
is
these
vibrations
that
we
feel
as
an
earthquake.The
vibrations
can
travel
thousands
of
kilometres,so
an
earthquake
in
Turkey
may
be
felt
in
Greece.
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What
to
do
during
an
earthquake?
An
earthquake
can
often
cause
damage.And
although
not
all
earthquakes
are
serious,they
help
people
know
the
proper
way
to
prepare
for
such
an
event.Your
level
of
preparation
can
directly
affect
your
chance
of
survival.
If
you
are
outdoors,find
an
open
area
free
of
trees
and
tall
buildings.If
you
are
driving
when
an
earthquake
hits,slow
down
and
stop
at
a
clear
place
and
stay
in
your
car.Do
not
park
near
buildings
or
under
bridges.
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If
you
are
indoors,you
must
protect
yourself
from
falling
objects
by
finding
a
safe
place
in
your
home
and
protecting
your
body
as
much
as
possible.If
you
are
in
bed
when
the
shaking
starts,cover
your
head
with
a
pillow.Also,you
should
secure3
all
the
objects
to
a
wall,paying
special
attention
to
tall
furniture.This
will
reduce
the
chance
of
the
objects
falling
on
top
of
someone
and
causing
injury.A
good
way
to
protect
yourself
from
possible
falling
debris4
during
an
earthquake
is
to
hide
under
something.This
most
often
means
a
heavy
table
or
desk
which
is
large
enough.It
is
very
important
for
you
to
know
these
areas
before
an
earthquake.Make
sure
that
all
the
family
members
know
the
best
place
to
hide
themselves
in
the
house.
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地震
地震是怎样发生的?
是什么引发了地震?地壳中的岩层可能存在断层,即一种表层上的断裂。构成地球的岩石运动,有时会引起断层的边缘地带上下错位或纵向相互摩擦。当一块岩石开始用力摩擦另一块时,就要用很大的能量。这种能量转变为震动,这些震动就是我们感受到的地震。这些震动可以传递到数千千米外,因此发生在土耳其的地震可能在希腊也能感觉到。
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地震时该怎么办?
地震常常能造成损害。虽然并不是所有的地震都那么严重,但它们有助于人们认识到用恰当的方法预防这样的事件。你的预防水平会直接影响你存活的几率。
如果你在户外,就找一块远离树木和高楼的空地。地震发生时,如果你正在开车,减速然后把车停在一块空地上并待在车里。不要把车停在高楼附近或桥底下。
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如果你在室内,你必须在家里找一个安全的地方保护自己,以防止被落下的物体砸到,并尽可能地保护自己的身体。大地开始摇晃时,如果你在床上,要用枕头盖住头部。而且,你应该确保所有物体固定在墙上,特别注意高大的家具。这会降低物体落在头上而引起伤害的可能性。地震过程中,保护自己不被可能落下的碎片伤害的一个好办法是藏在某物的下面。这种物体通常是指结实的足够大的桌子。对你来说,在地震发生前弄清楚这些地方是很重要的。确保全家人都知道家中最好的藏身之处。
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词海拾贝
1.crust
/kr?st/
n.外壳
2.vibration
/vaI?breI?n/
n.振动;震动
3.secure
/sI?kj??(r)/
v.保护;使安全
4.debris
/?debri?/
n.碎片
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理解诱思
1.Why
may
an
earthquake
in
Turkey
be
felt
in
Greece?It
is
because
.?
A.the
fault
happens
in
the
crust
B.the
blocks
move
C.the
rocks
rub
on
one
another
D.the
vibrations
can
travel
a
long
distance
答案:D
2.Suppose
you’re
studying
in
the
classroom
when
an
earthquake
takes
place,what
should
you
do?
答案:The
answer
is
open.
