(共39张PPT)
Module
4
Sandstorms
in
Asia
Kicking
Up
Some
Dust
At
first
glance,dust
storms
do
not
seem
very
fascinating.Winds
pick
up
fine
particles
from
the
ground,and
then
the
air
becomes
thick
with
dust.What
is
interesting,though,is
that
dust
storms
can
travel
across
the
ocean,sometimes
from
continent
to
continent.Such
dust
storms
are
worth
investigating.
In
April
of
this
year,a
dust
storm
that
originated
in
China
and
Mongolia
took
a
six-day
journey
across
more
than
ten
thousand
kilometers
of
sea
and
open
land
to
Arizona
in
the
United
States.The
cloud
was
so
dense
that
it
seemed
as
if
the
sun
were
setting
early.At
least
one
person
thought
a
volcano
had
erupted.
Although
traveling
dust
storms
are
nothing
new,the
dust
now
often
contains
chemical
or
metallic
substances
that
contribute
to
respiratory1
illnesses
and
damage
the
environment.At
present,some
researchers
in
Asia
are
studying
aerosol
particles
and
their
effects
on
the
environment—and
they
have
plenty
of
dust
to
work
with.
Dust
storms
are
one
of
the
repercussions2
of
humans
messing
around
with
Mother
Nature.Although
they
are
a
natural
phenomenon,dust
storms
have
been
occurring
more
often,at
shorter
intervals,and
with
greater
force
in
recent
years,and
human
activity
is
the
cause.
It
is
a
fact
that
excessive3
herding
of
animals
and
exploitation
of
grasslands
are
responsible
for
the
majority
of
dust
storms.This
means
that
dust
storms
are
largely
a
result
of
human
actions;
in
other
words,they
are
controllable.
We
seem
to
think,however,that
economic
development
and
preservation
of
the
environment
cannot
go
hand
in
hand.For
most
countries,economic
development
comes
first,at
the
expense
of
the
environment.It
is
high
time
everyone
came
to
grips
with
the
consequences
of
overusing
the
earth’s
resources,including
the
misuse
of
land
in
the
pursuit
of
economic
wealth.
译文
大地的怒吼──沙尘暴
乍看之下,沙尘暴似乎不怎么引人注意。地面的细沙被风卷起,空气中便充满厚厚的灰尘。但有趣的是,沙尘暴能穿洋渡海,有时还能横越大洲。这样的沙尘暴值得我们去好好研究一下。
今年四月,源自中国大陆及蒙古内陆的沙尘暴,在六天中跨越了一万多千米的海洋与空旷陆地,最后到达美国亚利桑那州。阴云密布,就像太阳将提早要下山,有人居然以为是火山爆发了。
虽然移动的沙尘暴没什么稀奇,但现在那些沙尘通常含有引起呼吸道疾病和破坏环境的化学或金属物质。现在亚洲有一些研究人员正在研究悬浮颗粒及其对环境的影响──他们要研究的沙尘可多着呢!
沙尘暴就是人类任意破坏大自然,所造成的影响之一。沙尘暴虽是自然现象,但是近年来发生的频率却逐渐增加,间隔的时间也愈来愈短,破坏力更强大了,人类活动正是罪魁祸首。
事实上,沙尘暴形成的主要原因是过度放牧及滥垦草原,这表明沙尘暴大多是人的活动所导致,也就是说,它们是可加以控制的。
不过,我们似乎认为经济发展与环境保护无法同时兼顾。对大部分国家来说,经济发展是第一位的,为此可以不惜牺牲环境。然而,我们已过度使用了地球的资源,包括为了追求经济繁荣而滥用的土地,如今该是我们认真面对这个后果的时候了。
词海拾贝
1.respiratory
/rI?spIr?t(?)ri/
adj.呼吸的
2.repercussion
/ri?p?(?)?k???n/
n.反响,影响
3.excessive
/Ik?sesIv/
adj.过多的,极度的;过分的
理解诱思
What
can
we
do
to
prevent
dust
storms?
答案:The
answer
is
open.
理解诱思
1.You’re
advised
to
pull
your
car
off
the
road
when
a
sandstorm
occurs
because
of
the
following
reasons
except
that
.?
A.you
may
not
see
clearly
B.the
sandstorm
may
cause
your
vehicle
to
be
stuck
on
the
road
C.others
driving
may
not
see
your
vehicle,causing
an
accident
D.you
may
be
scared
答案:D
2.What
can
we
do
to
prevent
sandstorms
happening?
答案:The
answer
is
open.
Section
Ⅰ Introduction,Reading
and
Vocabulary
一
二
三
四
一、写作词汇
语境考查:预习Introduction,Reading
and
Vocabulary部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段。
1.—I
experienced
a
hurricane
last
week!
—Really?That
must
be
a
(可怕的)
experience.?
2.—We
should
take
exercise
to
build
up
our
(力量).?
—I
agree.We
can
also
keep
fit
by
doing
so.
3.—Smoking
does
damage
to
our
health.
—So
it’s
necessary
to
start
a
(活动)
against
smoking.?
frightening
strength
campaign
一
二
三
四
4.—As
(市民),what
should
we
do
to
keep
our
city
clean??
—First
of
all,don’t
throw
rubbish
everywhere.
5.—Do
you
know
how
much
a
sports
bike
costs?
—Does
it
mean
you’ve
decided
to
(骑自行车)
to
work??
6.Last
week,I
(遭遇)
a
sandstorm.It
occurs
frequently
because
many
trees
are
being______________
(砍伐).So
to
(阻止)
it
from
happening,we’re
supposed
to
plant
more
trees.?
citizens
cycle
was
caught
in
cut
down
prevent
一
二
三
四
二、阅读词汇
预习Reading
and
Vocabulary部分的词汇,完成下面的小短文。写出画线部分的汉语意思。
The
weather
forecast
1.
today
says
that
there
will
be
masses
of
2.
clouds
tomorrow
and
strong
winds
later
on,which
can
cover
the
city
in
a
thick,brown-yellow
dust
3. .All
these
result
from
the
desertification
4. ,and
it
is
a
process
5.
that
happens
when
land
becomes
desert.In
such
weather,we’re
advised
to
wear
masks
6.
.?
预报
大块的
沙尘
沙漠化
进程
面罩
一
二
三
四
三、阅读课文“Sandstorms
in
Asia”,选择最佳答案
1.What
is
the
best
description
about
a
sandstorm
according
to
the
passage?
A.It
is
a
major
disaster
for
many
Asian
countries
for
centuries.
B.It
is
a
strong
dry
wind
carrying
sand.
C.It
is
a
way
to
cause
land
to
become
desert.
D.It
is
a
kind
of
natural
disaster
that
can’t
be
treated.
答案:B
一
二
三
四
2.What
is
the
main
reason
for
the
increase
of
sandstorms
in
China
recently?
A.It
is
close
to
many
deserts.
B.The
worsening
of
the
weather
in
China.
C.It
is
a
result
of
desertification.
D.People
plant
trees
and
dig
up
grass.
答案:C
3.What
is
the
best
way
to
reduce
the
effects
from
the
sandstorm?
A.To
live
far
away
from
deserts.
B.To
stay
at
home
when
a
sandstorm
happens.
C.To
wear
mask
if
you
want
to
go
out.
D.To
plant
more
trees.
答案:D
一
二
三
四
五、根据课文内容填空
Sandstorms
have
been
a
major
1. for
many
Asian
countries
for
centuries.Scientists
have
tried
many
ways
to
solve
2.
.?
Sandstorms
are
strong,3. winds
that
carry
sand.They
are
often
so
4. that
you
cannot
see
the
sun,and
the
wind
is
sometimes
5. enough
to
move
sand
dunes.The
four
main
places
in
the
world
6.
there
are
sandstorms
are
Central
Asia,North
America,Central
Africa
and
Australia.Ren
Jianbo
7.
a
terrible
sandstorm
he
experienced
as
a
child
in
the
desert.“To
have
been
caught
in
a
sandstorm
was
a
terrible
8. ,”
he
said.“It
was
the
most
frightening
and
the
most
dangerous
9._________
I’ve
ever
been
in.You
just
had
to
hope
you’d
10. .I
thought
I
was
going
to
disappear
under
the
sand.”?
disaster
it
dry
thick
strong
where
described
experience
situation
survive
1
2
3
4
5
It
lasted
for
ten
hours
and
was
very
frightening.(教材Page
31)
它持续了10个小时而且非常可怕。
★考点 frightening
adj.吓人的;可怕的
Actually,competition
is
not
as
frightening
as
you
think.
实际上,竞争并不像你想得那么恐怖。
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义
①Sorry,I
didn’t
mean
to
frighten
you.
对不起,我没打算吓唬你的。
词性
动词 含义
使惊恐;吓唬
②I
can’t
say
a
word
with
fright.
我因受到惊吓一句话也说不出来。
词性
名词 含义
惊吓;吃惊
1
2
3
4
5
(2)阅读下列句子,体会frighten的相关短语及含义
①I’m
frightened
of
walking
home
alone
in
the
dark.
我害怕在黑夜里单独走路回家。
短语
be
frightened
of
doing
sth. 含义
害怕做某事?
②She
was
frightened
by
the
mad
dog.
她被疯狗吓着了。
短语
be
frightened
by 含义
被……吓着?
③I
jumped
in
fright.
我吓了一跳。
短语
in
fright 含义
惊恐地?
④He
frightened
the
little
boy
into
giving
him
all
the
money.
他恐吓那个小男孩,让他把所有的钱都给了他。
短语
frighten
sb.into
doing
sth. 含义
恐吓某人做某事?
1
2
3
4
5
(3)辨析:frightening和frightened
frightening和frightened都是形容词,frightening表示主语或中心词的特征;frightened表示主语或中心词的感受。
①It’s
frightening
to
think
it
could
happen
again.
想到此事可能再次发生就使人不寒而栗。
②Although
frightened,she
answered
with
a
calm
voice.
虽然她很害怕,但还是用平静的声音来回答。
1
2
3
4
5
The
girl
was
frightened
by
the
frightening
sandstorm
and
stood
there
in
fright
without
knowing
what
to
do
next.
那个女孩被可怕的沙尘暴吓坏了,惊恐地站在那里,不知如何是好。
be
frightened
of
doing
sth.害怕做某事
be
frightened
by
被……吓着
in
fright
惊恐地
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
“To
have
been
caught
in
a
sandstorm
was
a
terrible
experience,”
he
said.(教材Page
32)
他说:“遭遇沙尘暴是一次可怕的经历。”
★考点 be
caught
in
突然遭遇(风暴等)
We
have
been
caught
in
the
rain
and
are
wet
all
over.
我们遇到了大雨,全身都湿透了。
1
2
3
4
5
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,体会catch的相关短语及含义
①Catch
hold
of
this
rope,and
we’ll
pull
you
up.
抓住这根绳子,我们就会把你拉上来。
短语
catch
hold
of 含义
抓住;握住?
②We
have
done
all
that
we
could
to
catch
up
with
them.
我们已经尽了一切可能来赶上他们。
短语
catch
up
with 含义
赶上?
③I
caught
sight
of
her
getting
on
the
bus
when
I
came
out
of
the
bookstore.
我从书店出来时看见她上了公共汽车。
短语
catch
sight
of 含义
看见?
1
2
3
4
5
④The
lady
repeated
her
question
several
times
but
I
still
couldn’t
catch
on.
那位女士把她的问题重复了好几遍,但是我还是没听懂。
短语
catch
on 含义
理解?
⑤Bob
was
caught
fishing
out
of
season.
鲍勃在禁捕季节捕鱼被人抓住了。
短语
catch
sb.doing
sth. 含义
抓住某人做某事?
Although
he
was
caught
in
a
heavy
traffic
jam
on
his
way
to
school
at
first,he
finally
caught
the
bus.On
the
bus,he
caught
sight
of
a
thief
who
was
caught
stealing.
尽管一开始在上学路上遇到严重的交通堵塞,他最后还是赶上了公共汽车。在汽车上,他看见了一个小偷,在盗窃时被抓住了。
1
2
3
4
5
catch
hold
of
抓住;握住
catch
up
with
赶上
catch
sight
of
看见
catch
on
理解
catch
sb.doing
sth.抓住某人做某事
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Sandstorms
in
China
appear
to
have
increased
in
recent
years
as
a
result
of
“desertification”.(教材Page
32)
因“荒漠化”越发严重,中国近年来发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。
★考点 as
a
result
of
由于;因为
He
has
lost
what
he
had
as
a
result
of
his
foolish
behaviour.
由于他的愚蠢行为,他失去了他所拥有的东西。
1
2
3
4
5
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,体会result的相关短语及含义
①As
a
result,people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
结果,人们会吃更多的食物来弥补丢失的东西。
短语
as
a
result 含义
作为结果;因此?
②【高考典句】(2018·天津)Misuse
of
a
fire
extinguisher
will
result
in
fines.
错误使用灭火器将受到处罚。
短语
result
in 含义
导致?
③His
illness
resulted
from
having
bad
food.
他的病是吃了变质的食物引起的。
短语
result
from 含义
起因;由于?
1
2
3
4
5
④I’ve
been
trying
to
open
the
box,but
without
result
so
far.
我一直在设法打开箱子,但到现在也没打开。
短语
without
result 含义
毫无结果?
He
is
addicted
to
playing
games,which
has
resulted
in
his
failure
in
exams.His
parents
and
teachers
have
been
trying
to
help
him,but
without
result.As
a
result,he
dropped
out
of
school.
他迷恋上玩游戏,结果导致了考试不及格。他的父母和老师一直想帮助他,但是毫无结果。结果,他退学了。
1
2
3
4
5
as
a
result
作为结果;因此
result
in
导致
result
from
起因;由于
without
result
毫无结果
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
This
is
a
process
that
happens
when
land
becomes
desert
because
of
climate
changes
and
because
people
cut
down
trees
and
dig
up
grass.(教材Page
32)
这是由于气候变化和人类砍伐树木、铲除草皮而使土地变成沙漠的一个过程。
★考点 cut
down
砍倒
We
cut
down
and
burn
millions
of
trees
every
year.
我们每年砍伐、烧毁上百万棵树。
1
2
3
4
5
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,体会cut的相关短语及含义
①We
need
to
cut
the
article
down
to
1,000
words.
我们需要把这篇文章压缩到1,000字。
短语
cut
down 含义
缩小,削减?
②It
is
impolite
for
children
to
cut
in
when
their
seniors
are
talking.
孩子在长辈们谈话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
短语
cut
in 含义
打断(谈话);插嘴?
③The
town
was
cut
off
from
the
rest
of
the
world
due
to
heavy
snow.
这个城镇因为大雪而与世界隔绝了。
短语
cut
off 含义
使分离;使隔绝?
1
2
3
4
5
④She
cut
up
the
carrots
and
put
them
in
the
pot.
她把胡萝卜切碎放入锅中。
短语
cut
up 含义
切碎;剁碎?
⑤You
can
cut
out
the
unimportant
information
in
the
passage.
你可以删掉文章中不重要的信息。
短语
cut
out 含义
删除;删去?
The
old
man
cut
down
all
the
dead
trees
and
cut
them
up
for
wood;because
the
electricity
was
cut
off
and
he
had
to
make
a
fire
using
wood
to
cook
meals.
这位老人砍掉所有的枯树并劈成木头。因为断电了,他不得不用木头生火去做饭。
1
2
3
4
5
cut
down
砍倒;缩小,削减
cut
up
切碎;剁碎
cut
in
打断(谈话);插嘴
cut
off
使分离;使隔绝
cut
out
删除;删去
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
When
a
sandstorm
arrives
in
the
city,weather
experts
advise
people
not
to
go
out.(教材Page
32)
当沙尘暴到达北京时,气象专家们建议人们不要外出。
★考点 advise
vt.
建议;劝告,忠告
The
doctor
advised
me
to
take
more
exercise.医生建议我多加锻炼。
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义
①You’d
better
take
my
advice.
你最好听从我给你的建议。
词性
名词 含义
劝告;忠告;建议
②It
is
advisable
to
wear
a
mask
in
such
bad
weather.
在这样糟糕的天气,你最好戴上口罩。
词性
形容词 含义
适当的;明智的
1
2
3
4
5
(2)阅读下列句子,体会advise的相关短语及含义
①The
manager
advised
holding
a
meeting
to
discuss
it.
经理建议召开会议讨论这件事。
短语
advise
doing
sth. 含义
建议做某事?
②What
are
the
elderly
advised
to
do?
建议老年人做什么?
短语
advise
sb.to
do
sth. 含义
建议某人做某事?
(3)辨析:advise和persuade
advise
sb.to
do
sth.建议某人做某事(但不一定说服)
persuade
sb.to
do
sth.说服某人做某事
1
2
3
4
5
The
doctor
advised
him
to
cut
down
on
smoking;he
followed
the
doctor’s
advice.
医生建议他少吸烟,他也听从了医生的建议。
advise
sb.to
do
sth.建议某人做某事
advise
doing
sth.建议做某事
1
2
3
4
5(共25张PPT)
Section
Ⅱ Grammar
一
二
三
一、阅读下列课文中的句子,指出不定式所作的成分
1.They
are
often
so
thick
that
you
cannot
see
the
sun,and
the
wind
is
sometimes
strong
enough
to
move
sand
dunes.
成分: ?
2.To
have
been
caught
in
a
sandstorm
was
a
terrible
experience...
成分: ?
3.The
storms
sometimes
continue
all
day
and
traffic
moves
very
slowly
because
the
thick
dust
makes
it
difficult
to
see.
成分: ?
4.When
a
sandstorm
arrives
in
the
city,weather
experts
advise
people
not
to
go
out.
成分:
?
状语
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
一
二
三
5.It’s
difficult
to
breathe
and
the
dust
makes
me
ill.
成分: ?
6.To
prevent
it
coming
nearer,the
government
is
planting
trees.
成分: ?
7.There
is
nothing
to
do.
成分: ?
主语
状语
定语
一
二
三
二、单句语法填空
1.He
is
said
(finish)
his
work
already.?
2.She
has
many
letters
(type).?
3.She
pretended
(write)a
letter
when
I
came
in.?
4.I
was
angry
(hear)
what
he
had
said.?
5.When
a
close
friend
dies,we
can’t
help
but
(feel)
sad.?
to
play
to
type
to
be
writing
to
hear
feel
一
二
三
三、完成句子
1.天气似乎正在好转。
The
weather
seems
now.?
2.没有什么可看的。
There
is
nothing
.?
3.我不知道该乘哪路车。
I
don’t
know
.?
4.他被认为偷了钱。
He
was
considered
the
money.?
to
be
improving
to
see
which
bus
to
take
to
have
stolen
1
2
I
can’t
help
but
feel
very
concerned.(教材Page
36)
我感到非常担忧。
★考点 concerned
adj.关心的;担心的
She
is
concerned
about
your
safety.
她担心你的安全。
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义
①That
is
a
report
that
concerns
air
pollution.
那是一个关于空气污染的报告。
词性
动词 含义
牵涉;涉及
②What
are
your
main
concerns
as
a
writer?
作为一名作家,你主要关注的是哪些问题?
词性
名词 含义
重要的事情
1
2
③He
asked
several
questions
concerning
the
future
of
the
company.
他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
词性
介词 含义
关于;涉及
(2)阅读下列句子,体会concern的相关短语及含义
①As
far
as
I’m
concerned,you
can
do
what
you
like.
就我而言,你喜欢做什么就可以做什么。
短语
as
far
as...is/am/are
concerned?
含义
就……而言
②We
are
all
concerned
for/about
her
health.
我们大家都担心着她的健康。
短语
be
concerned
for/about 含义
担心?
1
2
③It’s
said
that
you’re
concerned
with
this
matter.
据说你与此事有关。
短语
be
concerned
with 含义
与……有关?
④A
teacher
must
show
concern
for
every
student.
教师要关心每一个学生。
短语
show
concern
for
sb. 含义
表示对某人关心?
The
meeting
was
concerned
with
air
pollution
and
everyone
present
was
concerned
about
their
own
interests.As
far
as
we’re
concerned,some
measures
should
be
taken
to
prevent
air
pollution.
这次会议与空气污染有关,到场的每个人都关心自身的利益。在我们看来,应该采取一些措施来阻止空气污染。
1
2
as
far
as...is/am/are
concerned
就……而言
be
concerned
for/about
担心
be
concerned
with
与……有关
show
concern
for
sb.表示对某人关心
1
2
1
2
Grammar
不定式的用法
动词不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语等。不定式的形式有一般式、进行式和完成式。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式通常用被动形式。
★动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语表示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生,或在它之后发生。
构成:
主动式:to
do 被动式:to
be
done
She
invited
me
to
attend
the
meeting.
她邀请我参加会议。
Nothing
is
allowed
to
be
taken
out
of
the
reading
room.
不允许将任何东西拿出阅览室。
1
2
★动词不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
构成:to
be
doing
When
you
called
me
last
night,I
happened
to
be
doing
my
homework.
昨天晚上你给我打电话时,我恰好正在做作业。
★动词不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
构成:
主动式:to
have+动词过去分词 被动式:to
have
been+动词过去分词
I
consider
it
a
pity
for
you
not
to
have
seen
the
film
last
night.
我认为昨晚你没看那部影片真是件遗憾的事。
The
room
was
said
to
have
been
cleaned.
据说那个房间已经被打扫过了。
1
2
★考点一 不定式作主语
To
protect
the
environment
is
every
citizen’s
duty.
保护环境是每个公民的责任。
考点延伸?
(1)不定式直接作主语。
语法填空,并翻译
(master)
English
gives
us
much
help
in
the
study
of
science.?
翻译
?
答案:To
master;掌握英语能在科学研究中给予我们很大的帮助。
(2)it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语。
语法填空,并翻译
It’s
polite
(wait)
in
line.?
翻译
?
答案:to
wait;排队等候是有礼貌的。
1
2
(3)it作形式主语,不定式的复合结构作真正的主语。
完成句子
①他不可能放弃这个计划。
It
is
impossible
him
to
give
up
the
plan.?
②你帮助我,真是好心。
It
is
kind
you
to
help
me.?
答案:①for ②of
(4)用于It
takes/took
sb.to
do
sth.句型
It
took
them
half
the
night
to
get
home
in
the
snow.
在大雪中,他们用了半个晚上的时间才到家。
1
2
★考点二 不定式作宾语
I
hope
to
hear
from
you.我希望能收到你的信。
考点延伸?
下列动词常跟不定式作宾语:afford,refuse,learn,offer,fail,plan,agree,decide,demand,manage,arrange,determine等。
★考点三 不定式作宾语补足语
I
warn
you
not
to
go
out
alone
at
night.
我警告你晚上不要独自外出。
1
2
考点延伸?
(1)有些动词如
advise,allow,ask,cause,expect,consider,get,command,drive,enable,encourage,forbid,force,invite,warn,wish,would
like/love,order,permit,persuade,tell,urge等,可以接复合宾语,构成“动词+sb.+to
do
sth.”的形式。
语法填空
我想让你帮我做英语练习。
I
would
like
you
(help)
me
with
my
English
exercises.?
答案:to
help
1
2
(2)表示五看(look
at;see;watch;notice;observe)、三使(make;let;have)、两听(listen
to;hear)、一感觉(feel)等动词的宾语补足语省略不定式符号to。
温馨提示:当以上如make
sb.do
sth.等形式变成被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变成主语补足语,应加上不定式符号to。
语法填空
①你注意到有人进了那所房子了吗?
Did
you
notice
anyone
(enter)
the
house??
②我们让他整天整夜地工作。
We
made
him
(work)
all
day
and
all
night.?
③人们看见她跑进教室。
She
was
seen
(run)
into
the
classroom.?
答案:①enter ②work ③to
run
1
2
★考点四 不定式作状语
①We
were
pleased
to
hear
the
news.(表示原因)
我们听到这个消息感到很高兴。
②She
explained
the
word
again
with
some
examples
to
make
herself
understood.(表示目的)
她又用了一些例子解释了这个单词,以使别人明白她的讲解。
③Jane
hurried
back
home
only
to
find
her
key
lost.(表示结果)
简匆匆忙忙地赶回家,结果发现她的钥匙不见了。
★考点五 不定式作定语
We
students
should
have
the
courage
to
face
any
difficulty.
我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。
1
2
考点延伸?
(1)被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。
翻译句子
I
have
much
work
to
do.
翻译
?
答案:我有许多工作要做。
(2)被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语。
翻译句子
She
was
the
last
one
to
leave
the
classroom
last
night.
翻译
?
答案:她是昨晚最后一个离开教室的。
1
2
(3)修饰ability,chance,way,right,need,hope,plan,decision,wish,reason等中心词的不定式与其构成同位关系。
翻译句子
Man’s
ability
to
reason
makes
him
different
from
the
animal.
翻译
?
答案:人类的思考能力使其不同于动
1
2
(4)被序数词、形容词最高级或被only,last,next等词修饰的名词后可以用不定式作定语。
翻译句子
①It
is
the
most
interesting
book
to
read.
翻译
?
答案:这是可读的最有趣的书。
②He
is
always
the
first
person
to
come
and
the
last
one
to
leave.
翻译
?
答案:他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
1
2
★考点六 不定式作表语
①Our
plan
is
to
set
up
another
middle
school
for
the
farmers’
children.
我们的计划是给农民的孩子们再建一所中学。
②My
job
is
to
drive
them
to
the
power
station
every
day.
我的工作是每天开车送他们去发电站。
③To
see
is
to
believe.眼见为实。
④What
I
want
to
say
is
to
be
happy.
我要说的是要高高兴兴的。
考点延伸?
当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose为中心的名词词组时,用不定式说明主语的内容。
1
2
★考点七 but+不定式
I
had
nothing
to
do
but
watch
TV
for
entertainment
last
night.
昨天晚上我除了看电视娱乐外无事可做。
考点延伸?
(1)不定式在but,except,beside,other
than后面时,如果这些词或短语之前有行为动词do的某种形式,(而非助动词)那么这些词或短语后的不定式可以不带to,否则带to。
语法填空
①工人们只是喝茶聊天。
The
workers
do
nothing
but
(drink)
tea
and
(talk)
to
each
other.?
②他别无选择,只能接受事实。
He
had
no
choice
but
(accept)
the
fact.?
答案:①drink;talk ②to
accept
1
2
(2)can’t
but,can’t
choose
but,can’t
help
but之后常跟不带to的动词不定式,常译为“不得不,只好”。
语法填空
①我不得不告诉她整件事情。
I
can’t
but
(tell)
her
the
whole
thing.?
②他只好做那件事了。
He
can’t
choose
but
(do)
it.?
③听了他的故事,我们忍不住大笑起来。
We
couldn’t
help
but
(laugh)
when
we
heard
his
story.?
答案:①tell ②do ③laugh
1
2(共18张PPT)
Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
一
二
三
一、根据释义写出英语单词
1.
the
mixture
of
gases
that
surrounds
the
earth
?
2.
connected
with
chemistry
?
3.
the
physical
conditions
that
sb./sth.
exists
in?
4. waste
materials,such
as
paper,empty
containers,and
food
thrown
away
?
5.
to
become
liquid
as
a
result
of
heating?
6.
to
make
air,water,soil
etc.dangerously
dirty
?
7.
to
reuse
?
8.
near
the
coast
?
9.
worried
about
something
?
10.
facts
or
signs
that
show
clearly
that
sth.
exists
or
is
true
?
atmosphere
chemical
environment
garbage
melt
pollute
recycle
coastal
concerned
evidence
一
二
三
11.
(more)important;great(er)?
12.
to
say
that
you
are
annoyed,not
satisfied,or
unhappy
about
sth./sb.?
13.
frightening
?
14.
completely
?
major
complain
scary
absolutely
一
二
三
二、短语翻译
1.have
a
bad
effect
on
?
2.change
from...to... ?
3.take
in
?
4.give
out
?
5.take
away
?
6. 简言之;概括地讲?
7. 浏览?
8. 如果可能的话?
9. 让某人做某事?
对……有坏的影响
从……变成……
吸收
放出;发出
拿走;带走
in
a
nutshell
look
through
if
possible
get
sb.to
do
sth.
一
二
三
三、阅读课文“The
Green
Movement”,回答下列问题
1.Which
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
passage?
A.All
the
countries
in
the
world
look
after
the
environment
well.
B.
European
countries
usually
work
hard
to
improve
the
environment.
C.In
Germany,people
put
different
garbage
into
different
bags.
2.The
“Green”
movement
aims
at
.?
A.improving
the
living
conditions
B.putting
different
garbage
into
different
bags
C.getting
governments
to
think
seriously
about
the
environment
and
look
after
it
答案:A
答案:C
一
二
三
3.How
did
the
“Green”
movement
deal
with
the
industry?
A.By
warning
them
not
to
produce
pollution.
B.By
getting
people
to
put
different
garbage
into
different
bags.
C.By
collecting
information
and
telling
it
to
the
public.
答案:C
1
2
3
to
have
a
bad
effect
on
someone
or
something(教材Page
35)
对某人或某物有坏的影响
★考点 have
a
bad
effect
on
对……有坏的影响
Alcoholic
drink
can
have
a
bad
effect
on
your
body.
含酒精的饮料会对你的身体有很坏的影响。
1
2
3
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,体会effect的相关短语及含义
①The
new
train
timetable
will
come
into
effect
next
month.
新的火车时刻表下个月开始生效。
短语
come
into
effect 含义
开始生效?
②Some
old
laws
are
still
in
effect.
有些旧的法律现在仍然有效。
短语
in
effect 含义
有效?
③The
medicine
took
effect
two
hours
ago.
药两小时前就起作用了。
短语
take
effect 含义
起作用?
④The
new
system
will
soon
be
put
into
effect.
新系统即将启用。
短语
put...into
effect 含义
实行;使生效?
1
2
3
have
a
bad
effect
on...对……有坏的影响
come
into
effect
开始生效
in
effect
有效
take
effect
起作用
put...into
effect
实行;使生效
1
2
3
1
2
3
Trees
take
in
carbon
dioxide
and
give
out
oxygen.(教材Page
35)
树木吸收二氧化碳,放出氧气。
★考点一 take
in吸收
Fish
take
in
oxygen
through
their
gills.
鱼用鳃吸取氧气。
1
2
3
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,体会take
in的含义?
①It
took
me
a
long
time
to
take
in
what
you
said.
我花了很长时间才理解你说的话。
含义
理解
②Thankfully,the
farmer
took
in
the
lost
traveller.
谢天谢地,那个农民收留了迷路的游客。
含义
收容;接纳
③She
was
not
easily
taken
in.
她不容易受骗。
含义
欺骗
1
2
3
★考点二 give
out
放出;发出
The
sun
gives
out
light
and
heat
to
the
earth.
太阳给大地以光和热。
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会give
out的含义?
①Please
help
me
give
out
these
test
papers.
请帮我分发这些试卷。
含义
分发
②Our
food
supplies
began
to
give
out.
我们存的粮食要吃完了。
含义
用完;消耗尽
③The
date
of
the
examination
will
be
given
out
soon.
考试的日期将很快公布。
含义
发布;公布
1
2
3
(2)阅读下列句子,体会give的相关短语及含义
①Don’t
give
away
our
secret.
不要泄露我们的秘密。
短语
give
away 含义
泄露?
②Living
in
the
country
has
given
me
back
my
health.
居住在乡村使我恢复了健康。
短语
give
back 含义
恢复?
③You
ought
to
give
up
drinking;I
gave
it
up
last
year.
你应该戒酒,我去年就戒掉了。
短语
give
up 含义
放弃;戒掉?
④We
will
carry
on
fighting
to
the
end.We
will
never
give
in
to
difficulties.
我们将战斗到底,永不向困难妥协。
短语
give
in
(to) 含义
屈服;投降?
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
The
garbage
is
then
taken
away
and,if
possible,recycled.(教材Page
39)
这些垃圾然后被运走,如果可能的话将会进行回收利用。
★考点 if
possible是if
it
is
possible的省略
If
possible,let
me
know
beforehand.
如果可能,事先通知我。
考点延伸?
状语从句的省略:
(1)在when,while,if,as
if,though/although,as,once,whether,unless等连词引导的状语从句中,常省略与主句相同的主语和be动词。
(2)when
(if,where,wherever,whenever,as
soon
as,than等)+possible/necessary等时,中间省略了it
is
(was)。
1
2
3(共10张PPT)
Section
Ⅳ Writing
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
概要写作
概要写作要求考生基于一篇350词以内的短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要,以此来考查学生准确获取关键词,并对文章大意进行归纳概括,并用简洁的语言转述文章重要信息的能力。考生要在正确理解短文的基础上,用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点,是对阅读理解能力和书面表达能力的综合考查。
短文选材以说明文和议论文为主,文章结构比较清晰,通常包含4个左右的要点。考生要客观准确归纳要点,不照搬原文句子,要点之间要恰当衔接,全文内容要连贯,过渡要自然。
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
一、细读短文,明确篇章结构,确定要点数量。
首先,仔细阅读短文。阅读的目的是确定文章的体裁和主题,明确篇章结构。根据意义划分段落,然后对段落划分层次,确定要点的数量。本文是一篇说明文,共有四个自然段。本文作者推荐即将上大学的学生去理想的大学走一走,看一看,或者上网参加大学网上展览会,全面了解大学的情况。
二、处理文章,抓住主题句,删除细节信息。
明确全文结构之后,就要对文章内容进行处理。处理的目的是删除次要内容,保留主要内容。文中描述性的语言、细节和列举的示例都属于要删除的内容。剩余的主要部分要仔细研读,与主题相关的关键词句要重点标注出来,这些词句就是最后归纳转述的要点。
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
三、逐段进行归纳,提取关键信息,准确转述要点。
删除了短文中的细节、例证等细枝末节后,每段的主要内容已经明确,然后要用自己的语言准确地表述各段的要点。为避免和原文的句子重复,可使用同义转述的形式,也可以用句子重构的方式来完成要点归纳。归纳时要分清主次,各要点的词数应根据文中对应的内容来定。同时,要选用适当的关联词来进行衔接,保证上下文连贯。
第一段的意思是:为确保大学生活的精彩,你最好抽出时间到大学校园去看一看,全面了解你梦想中大学的各个方面,虽然这可能要花些钱,但非常有价值。要点归纳为:To
ensure
a
brilliant
college
life,you’d
better
spare
time
to
visit
campuses
to
examine
all
aspects
of
your
dream
colleges,even
if
it
may
be
costly。
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
第二段的主旨句是but
if
you
live
nearby,go
check
it
out!
意思是:如果你住在大学附近,你一定要在申请之前去看一下。要点归纳为:If
you
live
nearby,be
sure
to
check
it
out
before
you
apply。
第三段说,甚至在申请之后,到大学去看看也会为你省去许多麻烦。要点归纳概括为:Even
after
submitting
applications,a
visit
can
help
avoid
much
trouble。
第四段的开头“Now,if
time
and
money
are
making
it
impossible,
then
check
out
the
online
college
fairs
at
CollegeWeekLive.”是本段主题句。意思是:如果因为缺少时间或者钱而不能去的话,登陆网站,并参加大学网上展览会也是很有益的。要点归纳为:However,visiting
the
online
college
fairs
at
,if
not
possible
to
see
for
yourself
for
lack
of
time
and
money,will
be
beneficial。
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
四、检查要点,修改错误,确定终稿。
初稿完成后,要检查要点是否齐全,各要点是否表述准确,检查是否有语法错误、拼写错误和标点符号错误等,还要检查词数是否符合要求,尽量不要少于40字或多于80字。
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
(2018·11浙江)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s
a
really
good
idea
to
visit
colleges
before
you
apply
because
their
websites
can
all
start
to
look
and
sound
the
same.Nothing
will
give
you
the
sense
of
what
it
will
actually
be
like
to
live
on
a
college
campus
(校园)
like
visiting
and
seeing
for
yourself
the
dorms,
classrooms
and
athletic
equipment
and,of
course,the
students.It
seems
a
little
crazy
once
senior
year
hits
to
find
the
time
to
visit
college
campuses,and
it
can
also
be
pricey
if
the
schools
you
are
applying
to
happen
to
be
more
than
a
car
ride
away.But
keep
in
mind
that
you
are
making
a
decision
about
the
next
four
years
of
your
life,and
do
all
the
research
you
can
to
make
sure
you
are
making
the
right
one.
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
There’s
no
excuse
not
to
visit
the
schools
in
your
local
area.In
fact,a
lot
of
college
applications
even
ask
if
you
have
visited
campus,and
obviously,if
you
live
across
the
country
that
won’t
be
as
much
of
a
possibility,but
if
you
live
nearby,go
check
it
out!
If
campus
visits
aren’t
going
to
happen
before
you
apply,at
the
very
least
you
should
find
some
time
between
applying
and
getting
your
acceptance
letters
to
visit
the
schools
you’d
like
to
attend.It
can
save
you
a
lot
of
heartache
if
you
rule
out
now
the
things
that
you
don’t
like
about
certain
campuses,things
that
you
wouldn’t
know
unless
you
actually
visit.
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
Now,if
time
and
money
are
making
it
impossible,then
check
out
the
online
college
fairs
at
CollegeWeekLive.It’s
a
chance
to
chat
online
with
admissions
officers,students,and
college
counselors(顾问),and
it
won’t
cost
you
a
penny!You
can
register
for
its
online
college
fair
at
.While
visiting
an
online
college
fair
can’t
take
the
place
of
an
actual
campus
visit,it
can
be
a
very
useful
tool
that
along
with
all
your
other
research
will
help
you
make
an
informed
decision
about
which
colleges
or
universities
you’d
like
to
attend.
写作指导
写作思路
针对训练
参考范文
To
ensure
a
brilliant
college
life,you’d
better
spare
time
to
visit
campuses
to
examine
all
aspects
of
your
dream
colleges,even
if
it
may
be
costly.(要点1)
If
you
live
nearby,be
sure
to
check
it
out
before
you
apply.(要点2)Even
after
submitting
applications,a
visit
can
help
avoid
much
trouble.(要点3)However,visiting
the
online
college
fairs
at
,if
not
possible
to
see
for
yourself
for
lack
of
time
and
money,will
be
beneficial.(要点4)(共16张PPT)
模块重点小结
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
1.They
are
often
thick
you
cannot
see
the
sun,and
the
wind
is
sometimes
strong
enough
to
move
sand
dunes.?
沙尘常常很厚以至于你连太阳都看不见,风力有时强到可以移动沙丘。
2.It
was
the
most
frightening
and
the
most
dangerous
situation
I’ve
ever
.?
那是我遭遇过的最可怕、最危险的境况。
3.The
storms
sometimes
continue
all
day
and
traffic
moves
very
slowly
because
the
thick
dust
makes
difficult
.?
暴风有时持续一整天,车辆开得很慢,因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。
4.The
garbage
is
then
taken
away
and,
,recycled.?
这些垃圾然后被运走,如果可能的话将会进行回收利用。
so
that
been
in
it
to
see
if
possible
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
The
different
types
of
infinitive
1.We
were
advised
(not
go)
outside.?
2.The
wind
is
strong
enough
(move)
sand
dunes.?
3.I
am
the
only
person
in
my
family
(be)
in
a
sandstorm.?
Expressions
with
but+infinitive
4.And
yet
we
do
nothing
but
(talk)
about
it.?
5.I
can’t
help
but
(feel)
very
concerned.?
6.I
can’t
but
(wonder)
what
will
happen.?
not
to
go
to
move
to
have
been
talk
feel
wonder
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
Expressing
strong
opinions
1.I
couldn’t
agree
with
you
more.
2.I
think
you’re
absolutely
right.
3.It’s
extremely
serious.
4.I
have
no
idea.
5.It
couldn’t
be
worse.
6.It’s
absolutely
hopeless.
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
阅读中的八忌
提高阅读能力是英语学习和考试的必然要求。无论在高考还是将来的工作与生活中,英语阅读能力都起着举足轻重的作用。所以,养成良好的阅读习惯非常重要。今天,让我们一起来看看在阅读中我们应该忌讳的八点吧,有则改之,无则加勉!
★一忌 出声阅读
阅读时放声或小声念出每个单词,这种口中念念有词的阅读方式不仅大大减慢了阅读速度,而且还会影响同学们对内容的理解。不妨在阅读中采取默读,即通过视觉器官去感知文字符号的阅读方式,速度要比出声阅读快得多,继而再培养出用眼和脑联袂快速扫视的阅读习惯。
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
★二忌 多余动作
在阅读过程中,有的同学下意识地用手指或笔尖指点着单词逐个慢读,也有的同学自觉或不自觉地随目光的移动而摇头晃脑。这不仅不能有效地进行阅读,反而分散了阅读的注意力,因为手指和头的移动速度要比视觉速度慢得多。
★三忌 逐词细读
有些同学阅读时,喜欢逐词逐句地细读,总想彻底弄清楚每个单词、每个句子后再往下进行,因而破坏了阅读的连贯性,打断了边阅读边理解的思路,最终也会影响对文章中心意思的把握。
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
★四忌 巡回重读
刚开始训练阅读的同学大多会出现这种情况:唯恐自己忘了所读内容或确实还没有理解和记住自己辛辛苦苦阅读的每个单词或句子的意思,从而就自然地回过头来把刚刚看过的每个单词再读一遍,这种不厌其烦地倒回去重读的习惯虽能暂时解除你对个别单词或句子的困惑,但必将更大地影响你的阅读速度和对文章的整体理解与把握。
★五忌 顾点失面
众所周知,文章是由词汇、句子和段落组成的。如果把单词比作几何上的点,句子比作线,那么段落即可谓面。我们阅读文章时要有空间概念,由点到面,全方位、立体式地把握文章的主旨,切不可只顾单词的意思而忽略段落及整体文章的大意。
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
★六忌 词典伴读
平时阅读中碰到生词是难免的。虽说生词是阅读中的拦路虎,但切不可一碰到生词就查阅词典,以免影响阅读的速度和连贯性。要养成根据上下文猜测生词词义的习惯,否则高考中含3%生词的阅读理解题就难以应对了,因为高考中不允许携带词典。
★七忌 精力分散
做任何事情都需要专心致志,切忌一心二用。在快节奏的阅读中,头脑更不可开小差,否则就会造成视而不见的后果,最终导致时间的浪费和效果的降低。所以,在阅读中注意力应保持高度集中,把平时阅读练习也当作大型的考试或高考来对待。这样,久而久之,其效果就会逐渐显现出来。
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
★八忌 缺乏自信
阅读同做其他事情一样,自信心非常重要。充满自信,犹如满弦的弓,可以把箭射出去很远。如果总是担心看不懂或做不好,则可能会导致自己在阅读中的高度紧张、思维混乱,那就谈不上进行有效的阅读了。
实践证明,注意克服阅读中的八忌,养成良好的阅读习惯,是进行有效阅读的前提和保证。
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
导语The
roar
of
sandstorms
has
sounded
the
alarm
for
us.Shouldn’t
we
do
something?
Almost
every
April,a
dust
storm
beginning
in
China
and
Mongolia
took
a
few
days’
journey
across
more
than
ten
thousand
kilometres
of
sea
and
open
land
to
Arizona
in
the
United
States.The
cloud
was
so
dense1
that
it
seemed
as
if
the
sun
were
setting
early.At
first
sight,dust
storms
do
not
seem
very
fascinating.Winds
pick
up
fine
particles
from
the
ground,and
then
the
air
becomes
thick
with
dust.What
is
interesting,though,is
that
dust
storms
can
travel
across
the
ocean,sometimes
from
continent
to
continent.Such
dust
storms
are
worth
a
research.
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
Although
they
are
a
natural
phenomenon2,dust
storms
have
been
occurring
more
often,at
shorter
intervals,and
with
greater
force
in
recent
years,and
human
activity
is
the
cause.It
is
a
fact
that
overgrazing
and
exploitation3
of
grasslands
are
responsible
for
the
majority
of
dust
storms.This
means
that
dust
storms
are
largely
a
result
of
human
actions;in
other
words,they
are
controllable.
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
We
seem
to
think,however,that
economic
development
and
protection
of
the
environment
cannot
go
hand
in
hand.For
most
countries,economic
development
comes
first,at
the
expense
of
the
environment.It
is
high
time
everyone
took
it
seriously.For
one
thing,more
funds
ought
to
be
put
into
tree
planting
and
forest
protection
so
as
to
keep
more
water
resources
within
the
surface
of
the
earth
and
to
keep
the
ecological
balance
between
human
industrialization
and
natural
development.For
another,governments
of
all
countries
should
pass
laws
and
regulations4
concerning
environmental
protection.For
example,banning
the
use
of
one-off
chopsticks
and
punishing
illegal
cutting
down.We
are
fully
confident
that
we
can
see
the
sandstorm
off
forever.
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
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几乎在每年的四月份,源自中国大陆及蒙古内陆的沙尘暴,几天内跨越一万多公里的海洋与空旷陆地,最后到达美国亚利桑那州。阴云密布,就像太阳要提早落山。乍一看,沙尘暴似乎不怎么引人注意。地面的细沙被风卷起,空气中便布满厚厚的灰尘。但有趣的是,沙尘暴能漂洋过海,有时还能横越大洲。这样的沙尘暴值得我们去好好研究一下。
沙尘暴虽是自然现象,但是近年来发生的频率却逐渐增加,间隔的时间也越来越短,破坏力更强大了,而人类的活动是罪魁祸首。事实上,沙尘暴形成的主要原因是过度放牧及滥垦草原,这表明沙尘暴大多是人的活动所导致,也就是说,它们是可加以控制的。
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不过,我们似乎认为经济发展与环境保护无法同时兼顾。对大部分国家来说,经济发展是第一位的,为此可以不惜牺牲环境。如今该是我们认真面对这个问题的时候了。一方面,应该投入更多的资金到种植树木和保护森林上来,让更多的水资源留在地球表面,维持人类工业化与自然发展之间的生态平衡。另一方面,各国政府应该制定有关环境保护的法律、法规,例如禁止使用一次性筷子和惩罚非法伐木。我们完全有信心看到沙尘暴永远消失的那一天。
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词海拾贝
1.dense
/dens/
adj.
密集的;浓密的
2.phenomenon
/f??n?mIn?n/
n.
现象
3.exploitation
/?ekspl?I?teI?n/
n.
开发;利用
4.regulation
/?re?ju?leI?n/
n.
法规;规章制度
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理解诱思
1.What
does
the
passage
want
to
tell
us?
A.Sandstorms
cannot
be
controlled.
B.Sandstorms
are
harmful,so
we
should
do
something.
C.Economic
development
should
come
first,whatever
cost.
D.Dust
storms
are
totally
a
result
of
human
activity.
答案:B
2.Can
you
imagine
what
our
life
would
be
without
sandstorms?
答案:The
answer
is
open.
