(共19张PPT)
Section
Ⅱ Grammar
一
二
三
一、根据汉语提示,用适当的关系词填空
1.古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。
Ancient
China
was
a
place
states
were
often
at
war
with
each
other.?
2.孔子(公元前551—公元前479)是影响最大的哲学家。
Confucius
(551BC—479BC)is
the
philosopher
influence
has
been
the
greatest.?
3.孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。
Mencius
believed
that
the
reason
man
is
different
from
animals
is
that
man
is
good.?
where
whose
why
一
二
三
4.墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。
Mozi
was
another
teacher
was
very
influential.?
5.他于公元前476年出生于一个贫穷的家庭。
Born
in
476
BC,he
came
from
a
family
was
very
poor.?
6.结果,他用了很多年的时间去寻找一个人民会遵循他的学说思想的国家。
As
a
result,he
spent
many
years
trying
to
find
a
state
people
would
follow
his
teachings.?
who
which
where
一
二
三
二、选择正确的单词填空
that who whom which whose when where
1.I
know
a
girl
mother
is
a
pianist.?
2.I
still
remember
the
day
I
first
came
to
the
school.?
3.The
number
of
the
people
come
to
visit
the
city
each
year
rises
little
by
little.?
4.Football
is
a
game
is
liked
by
most
boys.?
5.Creating
an
atmosphere
employees
feel
part
of
a
team
is
a
big
challenge.?
6.The
doctor
we
met
just
now
is
strict
in
his
work.?
whose
when
that/who
which/that
where
who/whom/that
一
二
三
三、用适当的“介词+连词”填空
1.Last
year
my
parents
went
to
the
farm
they
had
stayed
for
30
years.?
2.China
is
a
beautiful
country,
we
are
greatly
proud.?
3.He
loves
his
grandparents,both
are
kind
to
him.?
4.The
watch
he
is
looking
is
very
expensive.?
5.The
man
you
talked
is
a
lawyer.?
on
which
of
which
of
whom
for
which
with
whom/to
whom
Grammar
定语从句的概念
用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词(或代词)之后,这种名词(或代词)被称作先行词;引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。
限制性定语从句的关系词
定语从句的用法
★考点一 关系词的选择:若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语则选择关系代词;若先行词在从句中作状语,则选择关系副词。
语法填空
①I
know
a
place
we
can
have
a
picnic.?
我知道一个可以野炊的地方。
②I
know
a
place
is
famous
for
its
beautiful
natural
scenery.?
我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。
③I
will
never
forget
the
days
we
spent
our
holidays
together.?
我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。
④I
will
never
forget
the
days
we
spent
together.?
我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
⑤This
is
the
reason
he
was
dismissed.?
这就是他被解雇的原因。
⑥This
is
the
reason
he
explained
to
me
for
his
not
attending
the
meeting.?
这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。
答案:①where ②which/that ③when ④that/which/不填 ⑤why ⑥that/which/不填
★考点二 只用that,不用which的情况。
(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,none,little,few,much或被它们修饰时;
(2)先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时;
(3)先行词既有人又有物时;
(4)在以which/who
为疑问词的特殊疑问句中;
(5)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
语法填空并翻译
①He
did
all
he
could
to
help
us.?
翻译:?
答案:that 他尽了最大努力帮助我们。
②This
is
the
first
novel
I
have
ever
read.?
翻译:?
答案:that 这是我曾经读过的第一部小说。
③He
talked
about
the
teachers
and
schools
he
had
visited.?
翻译:?
答案:that 他谈论了他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。
④Who
is
the
man
called
on
you
just
now??
翻译:?
答案:that 刚才拜访你的那个人是谁?
⑤He
is
no
longer
the
man
he
used
to
be.?
翻译:?
答案:that 他已不再是以前的那个他了。
★考点三 以the
way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in
which或that引导,而且通常可以省略。
完成句子
I
don’t
like
the
way
he
talks.?
我不喜欢他说话的方式。
答案:in
which/that/不填
★考点四 以time(次数)为先行词,定语从句的引导词常用that。
完成句子
This
is
the
first
time
I
have
come
here.?
这是我第一次来到这儿。
答案:that
★考点五 先行词为reason,定语从句的引导词分两种情况:如果定语从句缺少主语或者宾语或者表语,先行词用关系代词that/which,作宾语时可以省略;如果从句完整,不缺主语或者宾语或者表语,先行词用关系副词why/for
which/不填。
完成句子
I
don’t
know
the
reason
he
was
so
angry.?
我不知道他如此生气的原因。
答案:why/for
which
★考点六 whose引导定语从句,在定语从句中作定语。
完成句子
I
visited
a
scientist
name
is
known
all
over
the
country.我拜访了一位全国知名的科学家。?
答案:whose
★考点七 介词+关系代词
考点延伸?
(1)当关系词作介词宾语时,将介词置于关系词之前时,用whom指代人;用which指代物。
语法填空并翻译
①Gun
control
is
a
subject
about
Americans
have
argued
for
a
long
time.?
翻译:?
答案:which 枪支管制是美国人争论已久的话题。
②That
is
the
writer
with
I
talked
just
now.?
翻译:?
答案:whom 那就是刚才和我谈话的那个作家。
(2)“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择主要根据先行词和从句中动词或形容词的固定搭配来确定。
语法填空并翻译
①Is
that
the
newspaper
which
you
often
write
articles??
翻译:?
答案:for 这是那家你经常投稿的报纸吗?
②There
are
50
students
in
our
class,two-thirds
whom
have
been
to
Beijing.?
翻译:?
答案:of 在我们班有50名学生,其中有三分之二去过北京。
(3)whose引导定语从句,相当于“of+关系代词”。
句型转换
They
live
in
a
house,whose
window
faces
the
south.→They
live
in
a
house,
the
window/the
window
faces
the
south.?
答案:of
which;of
which(共13张PPT)
Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
一
二
三
一、用适当的介词填空
1.
some
ways,his
beliefs
were
similar
mine.?
2.He
is
a
man
whom
the
Chinese
are
proud.?
3.The
two
countries
were
war
each
other
1919.?
4.
conclusion,cars
have
advantages
and
disadvantages
the
same
time.?
5.You
should
learn
to
treat
others
the
way
you
want
to
be
treated.?
In
to
of
at
with
in
In
at
in
一
二
三
二、单句改错
1.One
of
the
most
important
Chinese
discoveries
is
paper.
?
2.Kindness,love
and
honest
are
important
human
qualities.
?
3.China
is
the
country
whose
silk
was
first
made.
?
4.Man
is
born
well.
?
5.Mencius
believed
that
the
reason
that
man
is
different
from
animals
is
that
man
is
good.
discoveries→inventions
honest→honesty
whose→where
well→good
第二个that→why
一
二
三
三、阅读The
Industrial
Revolution,判断正(T)误(F)
1.The
Industrial
Revolution
began
in
the
1960s.( )
2.With
the
Industrial
Revolution,factories
appeared
and
mass
production
became
possible
for
the
first
time.( )
3.Inventions
such
as
the
steam
engine
made
the
Industrial
Revolution
possible.( )
4.During
the
Industrial
Revolution,land
owners
had
more
power
than
factory
owners.( )
F
T
T
F
1
2
contribution
贡献(教材Page
46)
★考点 contribution
n.
贡献
Yuan
Longping
has
made
great
contributions
to
agriculture
in
China.
袁隆平为中国的农业做出了巨大的贡献。
1
2
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,体会contribution/contribute的相关短语及含义
①Each
of
us
was
asked
to
make
a
contribution
of
$25.
要求我们每个人捐25美元。
短语
make
a
contribution 含义
捐赠?
②Eating
too
much
sugar
contributes
to
fatness.
吃太多糖会导致肥胖。
短语
contribute
to 含义
导致;促成?
③I
am
happy
to
be
invited
to
contribute
to
your
magazine.
我很高兴能被邀请给你们的杂志投稿。
短语
contribute
to 含义
投稿?
1
2
Many
people
contribute
money
to
the
poor
boy,which
contributes
to
his
return
to
school.A
reporter
learned
about
this
and
contributed
it
to
a
newspaper.
许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐钱,这使他重返校园。一个记者得知了这件事,写文章给报纸投稿。
make
a
contribution
to
捐赠;做贡献
contribute
to
导致,促成;投稿
1
2
1
2
Often,factory
workers
lived
in
poor
and
crowded
conditions.(教材Page
49)
通常,工厂的工人们生活在恶劣而又拥挤的环境里。
★考点 condition
n.状况;条件;环境
No
matter
what
the
condition
is,you
must
continue
to
write.
无论环境如何,你都得继续写下去。
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会condition的相关短语及含义
①The
house
is
in
good
condition.
房子的状况良好。
短语
be
in
good
condition 含义
状况良好?
②He
is
out
of
condition
to
travel.
他的健康状况不适合旅行。
短语
out
of
condition 含义
健康状况不佳?
1
2
③On
no
condition
must
you
tell
him
what
has
happened.
你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。
短语
on
no
condition 含义
决不?
④I’ll
let
you
borrow
it
on
condition
that
you
lend
me
your
bicycle
in
return.
我借给你也行,但有个条件,你得把你的自行车借给我。
短语
on
condition
that 含义
在……条件下;倘若?
(2)辨析:state,condition和situation
state指“状况,状态”,常常与不定冠词构成in
a...state或in
a
state
of...搭配。
condition表示“状况,状态”时,为不可数名词;表示“环境,情况”时,为可数名词,常用作复数形式。
situation指“形势,局面”。
1
2
The
young
man
is
in
good
condition,but
his
living
conditions
are
very
bad.Thus,he
will
do
any
hard
job
on
condition
that
he
is
well-paid.
这个年轻人健康状况良好,但是他的生活条件很差。于是,只要报酬好,他愿意干任何苦差事。
be
in
good
condition
状况良好
out
of
condition
健康状况不佳
on
no
condition
决不
on
condition
that
在……条件下;倘若
1
2
1
2(共7张PPT)
Section
Ⅳ Writing
写作指导
常用句式
写作模板
针对训练
人物描写
人物描写通常从人物的面貌、性格和行为等特点入手来刻画人物形象。人物描写应注意以下几点:
1.鲜明的性格特点。所描写的人物要有自己的个性,写好人物的个性能使人物形象更加鲜明。
2.以形传神。对于人物的肖像描写和神情的描写是通过外貌来表达的。
3.选取典型事例。在描写人物性格时,要选取典型的能表现人物个性的事例。
写作指导
常用句式
写作模板
针对训练
1.生日、出生地
...was/were
born
on...in...
2.家庭背景
(1)a
poor/rich
family
(2)his/her
family
was
so
poor
that...
(3)with
the
help
of
his
parents
(4)when
he
was
a
small
boy
(5)as
a
child
(6)during
his/her
childhood
(7)live
a
happy/hard
life
写作指导
常用句式
写作模板
针对训练
3.教育
(1)graduate
from...department
of...university
(2)When
at
college,he
majored
in...
(3)receive
a
doctor’s
degree
(4)go
abroad
for
further
studies
4.评价
(1)one
of
the
best
(most
important)...
(2)set
sb.a
good
example
(3)be
respected
by
everyone
(4)speak/think
highly
of...
(5)his
hard
work
brought
him
great
success...
(6)be
honoured
as...
(7)become
a
world
champion
at...
(8)People
spoke
highly
of
him
and
all
respected
him.
写作指导
常用句式
写作模板
针对训练
As
we
all
know,
(人物)
is
a
well-known
in
(时期).Born
in
a
poor
family,
had
little
schooling.When
he/she
was
young,he/she
developed
an
interest
in
.?
Through
hard
work,he/she
.?
He/She
is
considered
to
have
made
great
contributions
to
.?
写作指导
常用句式
写作模板
针对训练
假如你是李华,你的外国朋友Lucy对中国诗人李白很感兴趣,写信向你询问有关该诗人的相关信息,现请你根据下面的中文材料,写一封回信,向她介绍李白。词数为100左右。
参考词汇:
1.诗仙
Immortal
Poet
2.《静夜思》A
Quiet
Night
Thought
写作指导
常用句式
写作模板
针对训练
参考范文
Dear
Lucy,
I’m
so
glad
that
you’re
interested
in
the
Chinese
poet
Li
Bai,and
I’d
love
to
tell
you
what
I
know
about
him.
Li
Bai
is
one
of
the
most
famous
poets
of
the
Tang
Dynasty.His
poems
are
so
great
that
he’s
known
as
the
“Immortal
Poet”.In
addition,his
poems
are
full
of
romance
and
imagination,such
as
his
most
famous
one,A
Quiet
Night
Thought.
Li
Bai
loved
freedom
very
much,which
was
reflected
in
his
poems.What’s
more,he
also
loved
to
drink
while
he
was
creating
poems;and
it
seemed
that
drinking
was
able
to
inspire
him.That’s
what
I
know
about
Li
Bai.Now
do
you
know
much
more
about
him?
Yours,
Li
Hua(共15张PPT)
模块重点小结
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
1.But
it
was
also
a
time
there
were
many
great
philosophers.?
但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。
2.Confucius
(551
BC
—
479
BC)
is
the
philosopher influence
has
been
.?
孔子
(公元前551—
公元前
479)是影响最大的哲学家。
3.For
many
years
he
travelled
from
state
to
state, ?
the
principles
of
Confucius.?
多年来他一直周游列国,宣扬孔子的学说。
4.In
some
ways,his
beliefs
were
similar
to
of
Confucius.?
在某些方面,他的思想与孔子的思想相似。
when
whose
the
greatest
teaching
those
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
Defining
attributive
clauses
1.Ancient
China
was
a
place
states
were
often
at
war
with
each
other.?
2.It
is
the
country
silk
was
first
invented.?
3.Our
school
has
80
teachers,50
are
women.?
where
in
which
of
whom
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
Giving
reasons
1.Mencius
believed
that
the
reason
why
man
is
different
from
animals
is
that
man
is
good.
2.Often,the
reason
why
people
are
unhappy
is
that
they
do
not
have
enough
love.
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
英语句子翻译和书面表达存在的问题和解决对策
在最近进行的期中英语考试中,根据老师的阅卷分析,学生存在的最大问题就是句子翻译和书面表达部分。
一、翻译部分主要存在以下问题
1.受中文影响,翻译时通常按中文的思维和语序来表达,因此往往只是把中文的意思表达出来,而没有按英语的习惯表达。
2.时态意识比较淡薄,没有将不同时间发生的动作用不同的时态表达出来,比较突出的问题就是误用时态。
3.忽视一些细节性的问题,如冠词的使用以及某些短语中的固定搭配。
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
二、书面表达部分主要存在以下问题
1.审题意识淡薄,没有通篇考虑文章的主要时态。
2.表达不符合英语的习惯。
3.出现较多的双谓语现象。
4.段落或句子之间缺乏必要的连接词语。
5.卷面不够整洁,书写不够规范(字体潦草、偏小,不够美观)。
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
三、针对以上两种问题的对策
高度重视考试中出现的典型错误,明确高中阶段英语学习的主要任务和途径。
1.主要任务:进行大量有效、地道的输入,为未来的综合运用储备足够的基础知识。
2.主要途径:
(1)在“读”字上面狠下功夫。一是朗读,二是阅读。
每天坚持20~30分钟的朗读,朗读的内容可以是佳句、范文或美文,其主要目的是进行地道的输入和模仿,从中模仿地道的表达和培养应有的语感。
每天坚持读一些来自英语报刊和课外读物的文章,其主要目的同样是为了增加输入量,与此同时还可以扩大词汇量和提高阅读的速度。
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
(2)在记和写方面狠下功夫。一是摘记课本中的好词好句,二是摘录课外读物中的好词好句。
经常做一些翻译练习(包括中英的互译),适当进行仿写,写课文摘要以及改写。必须明白的是想写出好的文章都是从有效的模仿开始的。
(3)高度重视平时出现的典型错误,力求做到有错必改,有错必纠。
特别要注意汉语和英语在表达上的差异,重点关注时态、语态、主谓一致、名词的数、谓语与非谓语以及语序的问题。
(4)坚持每天练习书写十分钟,培养良好的书写习惯,保持卷面整洁。
力求书写规范,纠错符号规范,标点符号规范以及大小写规范。
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
导语Besides
Confucius
and
Mencius,Xun
Zi
was
also
a
philosopher
who
was
influential.
Xun
Zi
(313
BC
—
238
BC),whose
given
name
was
Kuang
and
courtesy
name
Qing,was
born
in
the
State
of
Zhao
and
was
a
key
figure
in
the
Confucius
school.When
studying
in
the
State
of
Qi,he
became
one
of
the
celebrated
scholars
at
the
Jixia
Academy.In
his
late
years,he
was
busy
teaching
students
and
writing
books,one
of
which
is
Xun
Zi,a
collection
of
his
thoughts.
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
He
inherited
the
Confucian
thought
of
li
(rites)
and
considers
li
as
not
just
a
moral1
standard
but
a
necessity
of
governing
the
country.He
also
stressed
li
and
fa
(standards):the
goal
of
li
is
to
educate
while
that
of
fa
is
to
rule.As
a
strong
critic
to
Mencius’
claim
that
human
beings
are
good
by
nature,Xun
Zi
held
that
human
beings
are
born
evil
but
they
are
becoming
good
through
education.It
is
only
through
the
imposition2
of
li
and
fa
that
these
desires
can
be
well
limited.Therefore,Xun
Zi
valued
moralization
and
education
so
much
that
the
very
first
chapter
of
Xun
Zi
was
named
“Encouraging
Learning”.
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
On
nature,Xun
Zi
held
that
the
change
of
the
natural
world
is
under
the
control
of
objective
laws,which
have
no
relations
with
humanity.Furthermore,Xun
Zi
believed
that
even
human
beings
are
the
products
of
nature:
born
first
is
the
physical
body;then
spiritual3
functions
are
born.On
the
other
hand,he
argued
that
positive
power
of
human
beings
in
nature
and
suggested
the
thought
of
“controlling
nature
and
making
use
of
it”.
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
荀子(公元前313
—
公元前238),名况,字卿,赵国人,儒家代表人物之一。
曾游学于齐,为稷下先生,名望极高。
晚年著书授徒,《荀子》为其中一本,汇集了他的思想。
荀子的思想主要继承了孔子关于“礼”的思想,认为礼不仅仅是实行礼治,而是上升到一种治国之策。
他主张实行“隆礼重法”:礼主要起“化”的作用,法主要起“治”的作用。他猛烈抨击孟子的“性善论”,他认为性恶与生俱来,
道德之性受后天教育熏习而成。他认为人的欲望要求只有靠礼法加以规范限制才行。所以荀子特别强调人后天的教化和学习,《荀子》的首篇就是《劝学》。
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
在自然观上,荀子认为自然界的变化是客观规律作用的结果,与人事没有任何关系。不仅如此,荀子认为就连人类也是自然界的产物,先有了人的形体,即物质实体,然后派生精神作用,“形具而神生”。另一方面,他肯定了人在自然界面前的能动作用,提出了人定胜天的思想。
词海拾贝
1.moral
/?m?r?l/
adj.道德的
2.imposition
/?Imp??zI?n/
n.(新法律或规则等的)颁布,实施
3.spiritual
/?spIrIt???l/
adj.精神的
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
理解诱思
1.According
to
the
passage,Xun
Zi
.?
A.travelled
from
state
to
state,teaching
his
ideas
B.stressed
the
importance
of
li
and
fa
C.believed
that
man
could
conquer(征服)
nature
D.was
an
adviser
to
the
state
of
Qi
答案:B
重点句型
重点语法
交际功能
走近高考
拓展阅读
2.Try
to
translate
the
sentence
below
into
Chinese.
If
you
do
not
climb
a
high
mountain,you
will
not
comprehend
the
highness
of
the
heavens;if
you
do
not
look
down
into
a
deep
valley,you
will
not
know
the
depth
of
the
earth;and
if
you
do
not
hear
the
words
handed
down
from
the
ancient
kings,you
will
not
understand
the
greatness
of
learning.
答案:故不登高山,不知天之高也;不临深溪,不知地之厚也;不闻先王之遗言,不知学问之大也。(共26张PPT)
Module
5
Great
People
and
Great
Inventions
of
Ancient
China
The
Four
Great
Inventions
of
ancient
China
are
celebrated
in
Chinese
culture
for
their
historical
significance
and
serve
as
symbols
of
Chinese
advanced
science
and
technology.The
four
inventions
are:
the
compass,gunpowder,papermaking,and
printing.
Papermaking Before
the
invention
of
paper,bones,tortoise
shells
and
bamboo
slips
were
used
as
writing
surfaces,but
as
Chinese
civilization
developed
they
proved
unsuitable
because
of
their
bulk1
and
weight.In
105
A.D.Cai
Lun,during
the
Eastern
Han
Dynasty,invented
paper
from
worn
fishnet,bark
and
cloth.Later,the
technique
of
papermaking
was
introduced
to
other
parts
of
the
world,such
as
Korea,Japan
and
Europe.
Printing Inspired
by
engraved
name
seals,Chinese
people
invented
fixed-type
engraved
printing
around
600
A.D.During
the
reign
of
Emperor
Ren
Zong
of
the
Northern
Song
Dynasty,Bi
Sheng
invented
moveable
reusable
clay
types
after
numerous
tests.Single
types
were
made
and
picked
out
for
printing
certain
books.These
types
could
be
used
again
and
again
for
different
books.
Compass During
the
Warring
States
period,a
device
called
Si
Nan
became
the
forerunner
of
the
compass.Si
Nan
was
a
ladle-like
magnet
on
a
plate
with
the
handle
of
the
ladle
pointing
south.In
the
11th
century,tiny
needles
made
of
magnetized
steel
were
invented.One
end
of
the
needle
points
north
while
the
other
points
south.The
compass
was
created.
Gunpowder In
Chinese,gunpowder
is
called
“huoyao”,meaning
“flaming
medicine”.Unlike
paper
and
printing,the
birth
of
gunpowder
was
quite
accidental.It
was
first
invented
inadvertently2
by
alchemists
while
attempting
to
make
an
elixir
of
immotality.It
was
a
mixture
of
sulphur,saltpeter
and
charcoal.In
the
12th
and
13th
centuries,gunpowder
was
spread
to
Arab
countries,then
Greece,other
European
countries,and
finally
all
over
the
world.
译文
中国四大发明因其历史上的重大意义而在中国文化中备受歌颂,并成为中国古代先进科技的象征。四大发明是指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术。
造纸术 在纸被发明之前,人们在骨头、龟壳和竹片上面写字。随着中国的文明进步,人们不再满足于这些大而笨重的书写材料。到公元105年,东汉的蔡伦,用旧渔网、树皮和布片来造纸。之后,造纸术被传播到世界其他地区,例如韩国、日本、欧洲。
印刷术 受到雕刻印章的启示,大概在公元600年,中国人发明了印刷术。在宋仁宗皇帝统治的北宋年间,毕昇在无数次实践后发明了可移动并可重复使用的用胶泥制作而成的活字。每种活字都可以根据所印内容排好顺序做出印版来印刷各种不同的书。
指南针 战国时期,一种叫“司南”的小装置成为了后来指南针的前身。司南是一种把长柄汤勺似的磁铁放在一个光滑的盘子上而形成的小装置,利用磁铁指南的作用,辨别方向。在11世纪,人们能够制作微型磁铁针了。用细小的磁铁针做成的装置指针的一端指向北方,另一端指向南方。此时,真正意义上的罗盘被制造出来了。
火药 用汉语来说,火药读作“huoyao”,意思是“燃烧的药品”。与造纸术和印刷术不同,火药的发明是偶然的。炼丹师在尝试炼制长生不老药时,无意间发明了火药。火药是硫磺、硝石和木炭的混合物。12至13世纪,火药被传到阿拉伯国家、希腊以及欧洲其他国家,最后传遍世界。
词海拾贝
1.bulk
/b?lk/
n.体积,容量;大多数,大部分;大块
2.inadvertently
/?In?d?v??t(?)ntli/
adv.非故意地,无心地
理解诱思
Do
you
know
the
“modern
four
great
inventions”
in
China
now?Please
list
them.
答案:The
answer
is
open.
Section
Ⅰ Introduction,Reading
and
Vocabulary
一
二
三
四
一、写作词汇
语境考查:预习Introduction,Reading
and
Vocabulary
部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语句。
1.—I
prefer
Chinese
to
maths;I
like
physics
least.
—But
they
are
(同等)
important.?
2.We
have
been
treated
with
such
(善良)by
everybody.?
3.—Now
she
works
as
manager
of
the
company.
—In
fact,she
has
held
the
(职位)
for
years.?
4.As
a
(思想家),she
(强调……的重要性)
love,because
she
was
(抚养)
by
her
loving
grandparents.?
equally
kindness
position
thinker
stresses
the
importance
of
brought
up
一
二
三
四
二、阅读词汇
预习Reading
and
Vocabulary部分的词汇,完成下面的小短文。写出画线部分的汉语意思。
The
philosopher
1.
requests
people
to
act
on
principles
2. .As
an
influential
3.___________
adviser,although
he
has
resigned
4.
from
the
company,his
teaching
of
justice
5.
is
still
respected.?
哲学家
原则
有影响的
辞职
公正;公平
一
二
三
四
三、阅读“Philosophers
of
Ancient
China”,完成下列各题
1.What
is
the
similarity
of
Confucius
and
Mozi?
A.They
lived
in
the
same
period
of
time.
B.They
held
the
same
view
that
the
government
was
most
important.
C.They
had
the
same
idea
of
kindness.
D.They
were
born
poor.
2.What
is
the
difference
between
Confucius
and
Mencius?
A.Their
teachings.
B.They
thought
man
is
good.
C.Their
ideas.
D.The
ideas
about
rulers
and
people.
答案:B
答案:D
一
二
三
四
3.
believed
that
all
men
were
equal.?
A.Mozi B.Confucius
C.Mencius
D.Philosophers
答案:A
一
二
三
四
四、根据课文内容填空
Mencius
was
a
thinker
1.
teachings
were
very
similar
to
2.
of
Confucius.Mencius
was
born
in
372
BC.His
father
died
when
he
was
young,and
he
was
brought
3.
by
his
mother.He
became
a
student
of
Confucius’s
ideas,and
was
then
given
an
important
4.
in
the
government
of
a
state.However,when
he
saw
that
the
ruler
was
not
following
his
advice,he
5.
.For
many
years
he
6.
from
state
to
state,teaching
the
7.________
of
Confucius.He
then
became
an
adviser
to
another
ruler.He
spent
his
last
years
8.
a
book
called
The
Book
of
Mencius.Mencius
believed
that
the
reason
9.
man
is
different
from
animals
is
that
man
is
good.He
believed
that
people
were
more
important
than
rulers,and
hated
the
state
when
it
10.
people
badly.?
whose
those
up
position
resigned
travelled
principles
preparing
why
treated
1
2
3
All
human
beings
are
equal.(教材Page
41)
所有人都是平等的。
★考点 equal
adj.
平等的
【高考典句】(2017·天津)It
will
put
fully
driverless
cars
on
an
equal
legal
footing
to
human
drivers,he
says.
他说:“它将完全无人驾驶的汽车放在同人类驾驶的汽车同等的合法地位。”
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义
①When
it
comes
to
the
art
of
war,ants
have
no
equal.
在战术方面谁也比不上蚂蚁。
词性
名词 含义
同等的人/物
1
2
3
②No
one
can
equal
John
in
the
achievement.
在成绩方面没人比得过约翰。
词性
动词 含义
比得过
③All
these
techniques
are
equally
effective.
所有这些方法都同等有效。
词性
副词 含义
同等地
④I
do
believe
in
equality
of
opportunity.
我确实相信机会均等。
词性
名词 含义
平等;均等
1
2
3
(2)阅读下列句子,体会equal的相关短语及含义
①He
is
equal
to
doing
this
task.他能胜任这项任务。
短语
be
equal
to 含义
胜任?
②He
is
a
player
without
equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。
短语
without
equal 含义
无与伦比?
③He
equals
me
in
strength
but
not
in
intelligence.
他和我力气相等,但智力不同。
短语
equal
sb.in 含义
在……比得上……?
1
2
3
The
young
man
should
receive
an
income
equal
to
the
value
of
the
goods
he
produced.But
the
boss
didn’t
think
he
was
equal
to
his
post,so
he
didn’t
treat
him
as
equally
as
others.
这个年轻人应该得到与他所创造的物质价值对等的收入。但是老板认为他不能胜任他的职务,因此不像对待别人一样平等地对待他。
be
equal
to
胜任
without
equal
无与伦比
equal
sb.in...在……比得上……
1
2
3
1
2
3
Treat
others
in
the
way
you
want
to
be
treated.(教材Page
41)
己所不欲,勿施于人。
剖析①先行词the
way
在定语从句中作状语时,可用in
which或that引导定语从句,也可以省略。
I
don’t
like
the
way
(that/in
which)
you
laugh
at
her.
我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。
②先行词the
way在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,定语从句用that或which引导。
This
is
the
way
(that/which)
he
thought
of
to
solve
the
problem.
这就是他想出来的解决问题的方法。
The
way
that/which
was
used
to
improve
the
environment
was
acceptable.
用来改善环境的方法是可以接受的。
1
2
3
The
way
that/in
which
he
solved
the
problem
surprised
me.Whenever
faced
with
difficulty,he
can
always
find
ways
which/that
can
be
used
to
deal
with
it.
他解决问题的方式让我很惊讶。无论什么时候面对困难,他总能找到应对的方法。
1
2
3
1
2
3
He
stressed
the
importance
of
kindness,duty
and
order
in
society.(教材Page
43)
他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。
★考点 stress
vt.
强调
【高考典句】(2018·浙江)Dickens
is
compared
with
the
Mona
Lisa
in
the
text
to
stress
his
importance
in
literature.
狄更斯与《蒙娜·丽莎》做比较,是为了强调其在文学史上的重要地位。
1
2
3
考点延伸?
(1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义
①Things
can
easily
go
wrong
when
people
are
under
stress.
人在压力之下,办事情就容易出差错。
词性
名词 含义
压力
②The
stress
is
on
the
first
part
of
the
word.
这个词的重音在前半部分。
词性
名词 含义
重音
③You
must
stress
the
word.这个词要重读。
词性
动词 含义
重读
1
2
3
(2)阅读下列句子,体会stress的相关短语及含义
①Though
vocabulary
is
important,our
English
teacher
also
lays
great
stress
on
the
importance
of
grammar.
虽然词汇重要,但是我们的英语老师也强调语法的重要性。
短语
lay
stress
on 含义
强调……;着重于?
②She
stresses
the
importance
of
being
on
time.
她强调准时的重要性。
短语
stress
the
importance
of 含义
强调……的重要性?
③He
stole
some
bread
under
the
stress
of
hunger.
为饥饿所迫,他偷了一些面包。
短语
under
the
stress
of 含义
为……所迫;在……压力下?
1
2
3
lay
stress
on
强调……;着重于
stress
the
importance
of
强调……的重要性
under
the
stress
of
为……所迫;在……压力之下
1
2
3
