Stronger Together: How We Have Been Changed by the Internet
1. 学习并理解现在完成时的被动语态的含义、构成和用法;
2. 了解网络对于人们生活的影响并探讨其利弊;
3. 能够理解并熟练运用本讲核心词汇,谈论关于网络的相关话题;
Reading and thinking
Stronger Together: How We Have Been Changed by the Internet
Q: Has your life been changed by the Internet? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet?
A: My life has been changed a lot. I used to go shopping with my mother in the shopping malls. But now nearly all our clothes are bought online. Internet makes our life easier. However, there are some disadvantages. Some of my friends are addicted to online games which has affected their study. The virtual world may be attractive but it can never replace our real life.
B: Great changes have taken place caused by the Internet. You can stay at home and deal with everything by your cell phone, such as ordering food, paying bills of electricity, water or gas, having meetings with colleagues etc. But every coin has two sides. Junk information is quite annoying. Privacy is difficult to be guaranteed.
C: Too many aspects of my life have been changed. For instance, it has been a long time since I bought things with cash. It’s really convenient to pay by WeChat or Alipay. But there’s a potential risk that your money could be misused if your phone is lost or hacked.
Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
People's lives have been changed by online communities andsocial networks.
Many people have beenhelped by the club.
Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
现在完成时的被动语态
1. 定义
表示已经完成的动作或出现的结果,主语是动作的承受者。
2. 构成
have / has been +动词的过去分词。
3. 用法
(1)表示动作已经完成,强调对现在造成的影响或结果。如,
The novel has been translated into many languages. 这本小说被翻译成多种语言。
(2)表示一直持续到现在的动作或状态,经常与for a time, since, how long, so far等表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如,
The girl has been taken care of by her ant all these years. 这么多年来,这个女孩一直是由她的姑姑在照顾。
4. 拓展
现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别:一般过去时的被动语态表示的是一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候,它的结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态,动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但强调这个动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。如:
The house was built last year. 这个房子是去年建造的。
The house has been built. We can move in. 这个房子已经建好了。我们可以搬进去。
She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.
Parataxis VS Hypotaxis
汉语重意合(parataxis)。汉语词组或句子间主要通过语义或语句间的逻辑关系连接起来,重感受、心领神会、多想象;重暗示含蓄、言简意赅。
英语重形合(hypotaxis)。英语语言符号的连接主要依靠连接词或语言形态手段来实现,句法完备、逻辑严密、表意精确。如:
下雨了。
It’s raining.
他今天不来,我明天就直接去找他。
If he doesn’t come today, I will come to find him directly tomorrow.
翻译并分析:
What surprised me most was that Martin even didn’t know whether there was any difference between the two sentences that he had learned when I met and asked him the other day.
翻译:最让我吃惊的是,那天我见到马丁并问他时,他竟然不知道他学的那两个句子之间是否有差别。
分析:总体来看,这是一个“主系表”结构句。
1. What surprised me most:主语从句。
2. that Martin even didn’t know whether there was any difference between the two words that he had learned when I met and asked him the other day:表语从句。
3. whether there was any difference between the two words that he had learned:宾语从句。
4. that he had learned:定语从句。
5. when I met and asked him the other day:时间状语从句,修饰didn’t know,而非had learned。
翻译。
If your job is a high-stress one which needs great patience, it is important that you should learn how you deal with it carefully, which many people don’t really realize.
如果你从事一份需要很大耐心的高压力工作,你要学会如何仔细应对是很重要的,这一点很多人并没真正意识到。
解析:总体来看,这是一个含有条件状语的主从复合句。
条件状语从句:If your job is a high-stress one which needs great patience
主句:it is important that you should learn how you cope with it carefully, which many people don’t really realize.
If your job is a high-stress one which needs great patience:条件状语从句。
which needs great patience:限制性定语从句。
that you should learn how you cope with it carefully, which many people don’t really realize:主语从句。
how you cope with it carefully:宾语从句。
which many people don’t really realize:非限制性定语从句。
(答题时间:40分钟)
一、阅读理解
Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route—through the boot (行李箱).
Mr. Johnson’s car had finished up in a ditch(沟渠) at Romney Marsin, Kent after skidding on ice and hitting a bank. “Fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly,” Mr. Johnson said. “I couldn’t force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.”
Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of Sitting Home, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.
Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.”
It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up.”
His hands and arms cut and bruised(擦伤), Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmer’s wife, Mrs. Lucy Bates. Huddled in a blanket, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.
1. What is the best title for this newspaper article?
A. The Story of Mr. Johnson, A Sweet Salesman
B. Car Boot Can Serve As The Best Escape Route
C. Driver Escapes Through Car Boot
D. The Driver Survived A Terrible Car Accident
2. Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr. Johnson?
A. The hammer. B. The coin.
C. The screw. D. The horn.
3. Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. Mr. Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down.
B. Mr. Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam.
C. Mr. Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road.
D. Mr. Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat.
4. “Finally it gave” (Paragraph 5) means that _______.
A. luckily the door was torn away in the end
B. at last the wrench went broken
C. the lock came open after all his efforts
D. the chance was lost at the last minute
5. It may be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. the ditch was along a quiet country road
B. the accident happened on a clear warm day
C. the police helped Mr. Johnson get out of the ditch
D. Mr. Johnson had a tender wife and was well attended
二、短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (Λ),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线 (\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Tom,
How is everything going recently? That has been a long time since we meet in China last time. Having passed the finally exams, I am busy planning a two-weeks trip to the US during this winter holiday. Do you have any suggestions about the choice of America cities? I prefer to big and modern cities. I guess I'd better pre-order a hotel. What is the price for single boy like myself?
Is it easy to find Chinese food? What is the traffic like, after I travel between cities in the US?
Hope to hearing from you. Thank you!
Best regards!
Li Hua
三、读后续写
Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station(加油站)about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register(收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend's .We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.
I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
Years later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I'd left the lights on all day, and the battery(电池)was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership - a shop selling cars - was right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
注意:
1. 所续写的短文词数应为150左右;
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3. 续写部分分为二段,每段的开头语已经为你写好;
4. 续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
I entered the shop, and one of the salesman came to me.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
After a while, they quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
一、阅读理解
1. C 解题思路:主旨题。根据第1段 Mr. Peter Johnson…escape from his trapped car…through the boot 可归纳出文章的标题。
2. B 解题思路:细节题。根据第4段 Mr. Johnson 所说的话及他后面所做的事情可推知此题答案为B。
3. C 解题思路:细节题。根据第2段第一句…skidding on ice and hitting a bank 可推知答案为C。
4. C 解题思路:词句理解题。根据其上文…work on the boot lock 及下文 but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in 可推知此题答案为C。
5. A 解题思路:推断题。根据第4段最后一句 but no help came 及最后一段的第一句 Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby 可推知事故地点是寂静的村庄,此题答案为A。
二、短文改错
1. 第二句That改为It 考查代词的用法。句意:自从上次在中国见面已经很长时间了。这里使用了句型:It has been+一段时间+since…,所以将That改为It。
2. 第二句meet改为met 考查时态。句意:自从我们上次见面以来已经有很长一段时间了。since后面和一般过去式连用,所以将meet改为met。
3. 第三句finally改为final 考查形容词。句意:通过最后一次考试后。用形容词final修饰exams,所以将finally改为final。
4. 第四句two-weeks改为two-week 考查构词法。句意:我在忙于计划去美国的两星期的旅行。two-week是复合形容词,表示“两星期的”,week不能用复数,所以将two-weeks改为two-week。
5. 第五句America改为American 考查形容词。句意:你有去美国城市旅行的建议吗?America“美国”,改成形容词:American “美国的”,所以将America改为American。
6. 第六句prefer后to去掉 考查及物动词的用法。句意:我更喜欢大的现代化的城市。prefer是及物动词,去掉to,所以将 prefer后to去掉。
7. 第八句for和single中间加a 考查冠词的用法。句意:像我这么大的男孩的价格是多少?boy是可数名词,前面加不定冠词a,所以将for和single中间加a。
8. 第八句myself改为me 考查宾语。句意:像我这么大的男孩的价格是多少?这里用反身代词myself意思不通,改成me,所以将myself改为me。
9. 第十句after改为when/if 考查连接词。句意:当/如果我在美国的两个城市之间旅游,交通怎样?所以将after改为when/if。
10. 第十一句hearing改为hear 考查不定式的用法。句意:希望收到你的来信。hope to do sth,表示“希望做某事”,所以将hearing改成 hear。
三、读后续写
参考范文:
Paragraph 1
I entered the shop, and one of the salesman came to me. I recognized him at once. the two salesmen were the older couple, and they were the owners of the Friendly Ford dealership. “ Hey, it’s you! you ever helped me, remember?” I said to them excitedly. Yeah, we do!” the old man laughed, we run the shop to help more people. you know, it makes our life so meaningful!”
Paragraph 2
After a while, they quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. they solved my trouble once again, but when I paid for it, they would not accept my money. they told me that when they ran the shop at first, no one had ever taken the time to write them and say thank you, but now they received more and more thank-you notes from people, which they were really happy about.