高中英语人教版（2019）必修二Unit 4 History and traditions What's in a Name学案

What's in a Name?
1. 掌握并熟练运用本单元核心词汇和短语；
2. 掌握过去分词作定语和作宾语补足语的用法；
3. 了解英国的历史文化，并讨论学习一个国家历史文化的好处；
Reading and Thinking
WHAT’S IN A NAME?
Q: What else do you know about British history?
A: The UK is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. In this country, the king is the head of state, however, the real power in the cabinet, actually. Parliament is the highest judicial and regulatory institutions, by the king, under the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
B: British culture is very rich. The education popularity is very high, it also promoted the development of the British education. Britain's education and academic research level is currently in the world's leading position.
Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
过去分词作定语和作宾语补足语
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系，表示被动或完成。
过去分词作定语
现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现在或对现在造成的影响或结果。
不及物动词的过去分词做定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意义；及物动词的过去分词做定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。
只表示完成，不表示被动：
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起的太阳
the retired teacher 一位退休的教师
表示被动或完成：
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
a guided trip 一次有导游的旅行
the broken glass 碎了的杯子
单个的过去分词作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后。
The police are searching for an escaped prisoner.
警察正在搜寻逃跑的犯人。
I was instructed to carry out a plan supported by most people.
我被要求执行一个多数人支持的计划。
过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有两类：一类是感官动词，另一类是使役动词。
在高中阶段过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种：
(1) 用在表示某种状态的动词keep，leave等的宾语的后面
The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really worried.
法官们对他们的想法只字未提，所以我很担心地离开了房间。
(2) “have/get+宾语+过去分词”的两种含义：让别人做某事：遭遇某种不幸
I had my bike repaired yesterday.
我昨天让人修了我的自行车。
(3) 在“make+宾语+过去分词”结构中过去分词表示结果
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
(4) 常用在感官动词watch，see，hear，notice，feel等的后面作宾语补足语
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
(5) 用在want，wish，like， expect， order等表示“希望、愿望、命令”的动词的后面作宾语补足语
The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。
(6) 在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系
The thief was bought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在背后。
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
currency 货币
各国货币
国家
货币
标准货币符号
中文
英文
中国
人民币元
Renminbi Yuan
CNY
英国
英镑
Pound
GBP
美国
美元
U.S. Dollar
USD
加拿大
加元
Canadian Dollar
CAD
澳大利亚
澳大利亚元
Australian Dollar
AUD
丹麦
丹麦克朗
Danish Krona
DKK
日本
日元
Japanese Yen
JPY
泰国
泰铢
Thai Baht
THP
新加坡
新加坡元
Singapore Dollar
SGD
印度
卢比
Indian Rupee
NPR
埃及
埃及镑
Egyptian Pound
EGP
（欧洲货币联盟）
欧元
Euro
EUR
欧元：欧元是欧元区成员国唯一法定流通的货币，共有5欧元、10欧元、20欧元、50欧元、100欧元、200欧元、500欧元七种纸钞面值。欧元于1999年1月1日正式发行，2002年1月1日作为欧元区单一货币开始正式流通。
欧元区成员国（19个国家）：德国、法国、意大利、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡、爱尔兰、西班牙、葡萄牙、奥地利、芬兰、立陶宛、拉脱维亚、爱沙尼亚、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、希腊、马耳他、塞浦路斯
填空。
1. I was the first Western TV reporter __________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas __________ (rescue) from starvation in the wild.
2. This is the statue of a brave soldier __________ (seat) on a horse, with a gun on his back.
3. When I came back to my hometown ten years later, I found it completely __________ (change).
4. I want him __________ (finish) the homework in time.
5. A sudden stop can be a very __________ (frighten) experience especially if you are travelling at high speed.
6. A __________ (frighten) look appeared on his face, and he got hold of my hand.
解析：
1. permitted; rescued
句意：我是第一个获准拍摄西部电视台特别节目的记者，关爱从野外饥饿中获救的大熊猫。permit与所修饰的名词reporter是被动关系；rescue与所修饰的名词 pandas是被动关系，且动作都已经完成，故都用过去分词做定语。
2. seated
seated adj. 坐着，过去分词形容词化，表示坐的状态，此处是过去分词作定语。
3. changed
changed是过去分词做宾补，表示与宾语之间是被动的关系。
4. to finish
want sh. to do sth. 想要某人做某事，不定式做宾补。
5. frightening
句意：突然停车可能是一种非常可怕的经历，龙其是当你高速行驶时。 frightening是现在分词做定语，修饰experience，表示“令人恐惧的是”。
6. frightened
名词look, expression等表示人的心理活动，常用过去分词修饰。

（答题时间：40分钟）
一、阅读理解
Eight-year-old Cieran Kelso and Winter the dolphin have more things in common than most people and dolphins. That is because they both have prosthetic (假肢)！
Winter, the star of the movie Dolphin Tale, is Cieran’s idol because they both swim with the help of prosthetic flippers.
Florida’s Clearwater Marine Aquarium（水族馆）, where Winter lives, usually only lets visitors swim in the dolphin tank every three weeks or so, but when its chief officer David Yates heard Cieran’s story he said he must make a swim-and-greet happen.
Local tourism officials flew Cieran and his family to the aquarium from England after a year of planning. His parents had a hard time keeping the surprise a secret for so long! They told Cieran that the trip was just going to be a business trip for his father Gary, and it wasn’t until they were halfway there that flight attendants announced that the trip was actually for Cieran to meet Winter!
Cieran caught a disease that cost both of his legs and most of his fingertips. He still loves to play sports like soccer and gymnastics with his friends, but it’s taken him a little longer to learn how to swim.
To help him catch up with his friends, Cieran’s father Gary, with the help of a prosthetic specialist, created prosthetic flippers so that Cieran could move like his idol, Winter.
“His first words when he saw the film was ‘Winter’s disabled, just like me. It’s just been a dolphin in a film for a long time and now it’s real… It’s just a dream come true,’” said Gary.
Once in the tank he fed Winter fish and played with her for more than an hour. Cieran’s sister Layla and Winter’s “sister” Hope also joined them for a while. He said he could have swam “for a million hours” if he was allowed to!
After the swim Cieran announced he wants to work at the aquarium so that he can always look after Winter, his new best friend. “The feeling was great and emotional to be swimming with a dolphin. I love dolphins. But the best dolphin I’ve ever loved is Winter.” he said.
1. From the text, we know Winter ________.
A. played a leading role in Dolphin Tale
B. was an idol for most kids in England
C. swam with visitors three times a week
D. performed a swim-and –great in the tank
2. What didn’t Cieran know at first?
A. He could have a business trip with his dad.
B. He could swim with Winter together
C. He would act in the movie Dolphin Tale.
D. He would get a new pair of prosthetic flippers.
3. From what Gary said, we know _________.
A. Cieran showed pity for Winter
B. Cieran had a dream to see a film
C. Cieran was glad to meet Winter
D. Cieran found Winter a real disabled dolphin
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. A disabled boy met a dolphin with disability.
B. A boy is swimming with a dolphin alone.
C. A dream of meeting a dolphin comes true.
D. A boy becomes a friend of a dolphin.
二、阅读七选五
I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier（收银台）in her general store. 1 I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you.”
At first I was paid in candy. 2 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a. m. to 7 p. m. My father helped me set up a bank account. ____3____
By the time I was 12, my grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics (化妆品). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup (化妆) ideas._____4_____
The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t’need to be a Rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener. 5 Expect they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.
A. Later I received 50 cents an hour.
B. Before long, she let me sit there by myself.
C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.
D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.
E. My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.
F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.
G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.
三、概要写作
I spent one Sunday afternoon helping my friend put together the ice hockey (冰球) net he’d just bought for his kids. Done, we stood back and admired the precision (精密度) design.
Although my childhood friends and I would’ve loved such a net, there is a lot to be said for the way we had to improvise (临时变动) our hockey games.
Improvising goal nets with what we could find made us inventive, taught us leadership and teamwork and was fun and joyful.
Most often we used boots (靴子). Each goal was marked by two boots spaced as equally apart as we could manage. The trouble was that they often went sliding when the puck (冰球运动用球) hit them hard enough. Those moments were exciting, as the goalie (守门员) had to chase a boot that had moved, and reset it quickly, or risk someone taking advantage and scoring a goal. And we also had to keep our eyes peeled for the occasional dishonest goalie who might move the boots closer together.
This situation led to discussions and arguments over what might or might not have been a goal, but we improved our debating skills in these negotiations, and learned to stand up to kids who wanted to dominate (控制) everyone else. Inevitably (不可避免地), the number of competitors would thin out as moms called them home for supper.
This was the best time. After the hours of play, we were sweaty, red-faced, wet and dirty. Players had to be traded to keep the teams even, but we managed the adjustments well. No time to waste now, since soon it would be dark. We joined our new team no questions asked, just taking the position on the ice the captain pointed us to. Enemies became friends. Another valuable life lesson learned, and no teacher or parent anywhere to be seen.
With fewer players on the ice, there was more space to freewheel. This was a magical time. Virtually (几乎) no rules, no stoppages in play.
We are often asked to identify goals that are specific and measurable. The net we put together for my friends’ kids might be like that.
But I’ll raise a stick to imprecise goals, to playing under a starry sky with boots as goalposts (门柱). Here’s to goals that are boundless.
Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.
一、阅读理解
1. A 解析：细节理解题。难度中等。根据文章第二段“Winter, the star of the movie Dolphin Tale”中同位语是对Winter的身份的解释说明，可知Winter是电影Dolphin Tale的主演。C选项中对海豚在池塘里为游客表演游泳的时间表述有误。而B、D两项则在原文中未提及。故选A。
2. B 解析：细节理解题。难度中等。根据第四段第二句“His parents had a hard time keeping the surprise a secret for so long!”以及本段最后半句“and it wasn’t until they were halfway there that flight attendants announced that the trip was actually for Cieran to meet Winter!”可知，父母一直隐瞒着Cieran可以与Winter一起游泳的计划。故选B。
3. C 解析：细节理解题。难度中等。根据文章第七段Gary所说的话中最后两句“It’s just been a dolphin in a film for a long time and now it’s real… It’s just a dream come true”可知Cieran对于去看Winter非常高兴。选项A、D在Gary的话中未体现；B选项错在不应该是to see a film。故选C。
4. A 解析：主旨大意题。难度中等。根据文章第一段第二句“That is because they both have prosthetic”，并结合下文内容可知，文章主要描述的正是一个残疾的男孩与一只残疾的海豚在水族馆相见并一起游泳的故事。故选择A。
二、阅读七选五
1. B 从空后一句I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you. ”可推知，作者的祖母先让作者跟着她学，然后让作者独立工作，所以他很 快学会有礼貌地对待客人的重要性。
2. A 空前有at first，和本项中的later一致。
3. G 根据空前一句的My father helped me set up a bank account. 可确定答案。
4. C 同样根据空前一句确定答案。
5. D 上文提到a valuable lesson，这里承接上下文。
三、概要写作
参考答案：When I helped put together the ice hockey net for my friend’s kids, I thought about playing ice hockey when I was a child. We didn’t have a net so we used boots as goalposts. Because the boots moved during the game there were arguments and discussions. This improved our debating skills and gave us the courage to stand up for ourselves. Many aspects of our ice hockey games taught us to adjust and work as a team.