Unit
2
Exploring
English
Developing
ideas?
Ⅰ.
必备单词:
根据提示填写单词
1.
examples
of
each
type 每种类型的例子
2.
contact
by
writing
通过写信联系
3.
the
most
likely
outcome
最有可能的结果
4.
a
subway
station
地铁站
5.
fill
a
car
up
with
petrol/gas
给汽车油箱装满汽油
6.
live
in
a
flat/apartment
住在公寓里
7.
from
the
context
从上下文
8.
a
series
of
misadventures
一连串的不幸遭遇
9.
useful
learning
resource
有用的学习资源
10.
remind
me
of
France
让我想起法国
11.
rather
different
相当不同
12.
helpful
comments
on
my
work
对我的工作有益的评论
13.
a
downtown
shopping
centre
市中心的购物中心
14.
some
winter
boots
一些冬天的靴子
15.
the
shoe
section
鞋区
16.
look
for
the
exit
寻找出口
17.
go
downstairs
下楼
18.
very
odd
people
非常奇怪的人
19.
use
a
negative
word
使用一个负面的词
20.
errors
in
my
paper
论文中的错误
21.
intend
to
hurt
people
故意伤害人们
22.
a
story
based
on
given
pictures
基于给定的图片的故事
23.
a
lot
of
unfamiliar
words
很多不熟悉的单词
24.
an
informal
expression
非正式用语
25.
World
Trade
Organization世界贸易组织
→organise
(vt.
&vi.
)
a
meeting组织会议
26.
an
addition
to
the
family这家新添一口人
→additional
(adj.
)
resources额外资源
27.
at
the
entrance在入口处
→enter
(vt.
&vi.
)
a
university考入大学
28.
recognise
differences
between
American
English
and
British
English识别美式英语和英式英语之间的差异
→officially
recognised
(adj.
)
官方认可的
→seek
international
recognition
(n.
)
寻求国际承认
Ⅱ.
必备短语:
英汉双译
1.
come
across
偶然发现?
2.
be
aware
of
意识到,
察觉到?
3.
look
for
寻找?
4.
have
a
frog
in
one’s
throat
(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
5.
ring
a
bell
使想起某事,
使回忆起
6.
small
potatoes
小人物
7.
toilet
water
花露水
8.
at
sixes
and
sevens
乱七八糟
9.
green
fingers
园艺技能
10.
pull
up
one’s
socks
鼓起勇气
必备句式:
补全课文原句,
并体会其用法
1.
Not
only
can
you
post
specific
questions,
but
you
can
also
broaden
your
knowledge
by
reading
posts
from
other
English
learners
around
the
world.
?
你不仅可以发布具体的问题,
还可以通过阅读世界各地其他英语学习者的帖子来扩大你的知识面。
2.
Here
are
some
of
our
favourites,
to
remind
us
that
some
of
the
English
we
learn
in
the
classroom
is
rather
different
from
the
English
in
the
outside
world!
?
这里是一些我们最喜欢的(帖子),
(它们)提醒我们有些在课堂上学到的英语和在外面世界(使用)的英语是相当不同的!
3.
People
say
that
the
British
always
play
safe
with
what
they
eat.
人们都说英国人吃东西很谨慎。?
4.
I’ve
got
an
English
penfriend,
who
I
finally
got
to
meet
in
London
this
summer.
?
我有一个英国笔友,
今年夏天我们终于在伦敦见面了。
5.
The
British
must
have
really
high
standards.
?
英国人一定有很高的标准。
6.
I
knew
I
had
done
a
good
job
and
was
looking
forward
to
getting
a
positive
comment.
?
我知道自己做得很好并且期待着得到(老师的)一个积极的评价。
框架宏观建构:
整体理解
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
2.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
The
differences
between
the
English
we
learn
in
class
and
in
the
outside
world.
?
文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)Why
didn’t
Sophie
find
the
shoes
on
the
first
floor?
A.
Because
she
misunderstood
the
lady’s
words.
B.
Because
there
were
no
shoes
sections
sold
there.
C.
Because
the
shoes
were
all
placed
on
the
ground.
D.
Because
she
didn’t
go
up
to
the
upper
floor.
(2)Julien
found
his
penfriend’s
grandfather______.
?
A.
wicked
B.
confused
C.
negative
D.
nice
(3)What
do
we
learn
about
Zheng
Xu’s
English
paper?
A.
Zheng
Xu
felt
disappointed
about
his
paper.
B.
Zheng
Xu
didn’t
get
a
good
grade
on
it.
C.
The
teacher
thought
the
paper
wrote
well.
D.
The
teacher
thought
Zheng
Xu
was
not
a
bad
student.
(4)What
do
the
four
people
have
in
common?
A.
Having
the
same
experiences
in
learning
English.
B.
Meeting
something
strange
in
English
learning.
C.
Coming
from
the
same
English-speaking
country.
D.
Finding
English
easy
to
learn
and
hard
to
understand.
(5)Which
of
the
statements
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
passage?
A.
“The
first
floor”
in
America
may
be
called
“the
ground
floor”
in
another
country.
B.
When
we
say
someone
is
“wicked”,
we
only
want
to
show
the
person
is
bad.
C.
If
an
English
man
wants
to
go
to
“the
first
floor”
in
America,
he
should
go
downstairs.
D.
In
China,
we
use
“Not
bad!
”to
show
something
is
not
good
enough.
答案:
(1)～(5)ADCBB
2.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)He
(主语)told
(谓语)us(宾语)
that
Maggie
couldn’t
teach
that
day
COZ
she
had
a
frog
in
her
throat(that引导宾语从句)(COZ引导原因状语从句).
?
译文:
他告诉我们那天玛吉不能教我们了,
因为她喉咙不舒服说话困难。
(2)When
I
was
looking
for
the
exit(when引导时间状语从句),
I
(主语)saw(谓语)
that
shoes
were
actually
sold
downstairs
on
the
ground
floor,
not
the
first
floor(that引导宾语从句).
?
译文:
在我找出口的时候,
我看见鞋区实际在楼下售卖,
而不是在一楼。
阅读思维升华:
主题实践
1.
What
can
you
do
to
avoid
misunderstandings
in
English?
(Logical
Thinking
逻辑性思维)
Keep
calm
and
think
more
about
English
expressions
or
turn
to
someone
for
help.
?
2.
In
America,
people
say“we
drive
automobiles
down
highways
and
fill
up
with
gas.
”
If
you
were
an
Englishman,
what
would
you
say?
(Creative
Thinking创造性思维)
We
drive
cars
along
motorways
and
fill
up
with
petrol.
?
3.
What
should
you
pay
attention
to
when
using
English
in
a
foreign
country?
(Creative
Thinking创造性思维)
Only
when
we
really
understand
the
meaning
of
the
expression
can
we
use
it
properly.
Otherwise,
misunderstandings
may
occur.
?
语篇总结归纳:
主题深化
When
learning
English,
almost
everyone
of
us
meets
some
misadventures
and
some
funny
1.
stories(story).
They
can
remind
us
what
we
learn
in
class
is
2.
different(differ)from
the
English
outside
the
classroom.
Yancy
finds
the
British
don’t
always
play
safe
3.
with
their
food
because
someone
said
that
her
teacher
Maggie
4.
had(have)
a
frog
in
her
throat.
What
surprising
news!
Once
Sophie
went
to
buy
some
boots
and
5.
was
told(tell)
the
boots
were
on
6.
the
first
floor
but
she
didn’t
find
them
“there”.
How
7.
confusing(confuse)!
Julien
was
also
surprised
about
his
penfriend,
8.
who
uses
a
negative
word
about
his
nice
grandfather.
And
as
the
Chinese
exchange
student,
Zheng
Xu
felt
the
British
had
9.
higher(high)standards
than
Chinese.
He
spent
days
10.
preparing(prepare)his
English
paper
and
only
got
“Not
bad!
”?
1.
remind
v.
提醒;
使……想起
(2020·江苏高考)
The
phone
boxes
are
making
a
comeback
to
remind
people
of
a
historical
period.
电话亭正在卷土重来,
以唤起人们对一个历史时期的回忆。
【词块积累】
(1)remind
sb.
of
使某人想起……
(2)remind
sb.
to
do
sth.
提醒某人做某事
(3)remind
sb.
about/of
sth.
提醒某人某事
(4)remind
sb.
that
.
.
.
使某人想起……
①I
just
want
to
remind
you
that
your
work
must
be
completed
by
Friday.
?
我只是想提醒你,
你的工作必须在星期五之前完成。
②Lu
Xun
reminded
himself
not
to
be
late
for
class
again
by
carving
“zao”
on
his
desk.
鲁迅在他的课桌上刻“早”字来提醒他自己不再上课迟到。?
③He
put
up
a
photo
of
Tsinghua
University
to
remind
himself
of
his
own
dream.
他贴了一张清华大学的照片提醒自己不要忘了自己的梦想。?
【知识延伸】“动词+sb.
+of”短语集锦
accuse
sb.
of
sth.
控告某人某罪,
指责某人某事
cheat
sb.
of
sth.
骗取某人某物
inform
sb.
of
sth.
通知某人某事
rob
sb.
of
sth.
抢劫某人某物
warn
sb.
of
sth.
警告某人某事
cure
sb.
of
sth.
治好某人的病
2.
comment
n.
&v.
评论
(2020·江苏高考)
One
self-deprecating
comment
is
a
generous
and
even
confident
form
of
humor.
一个自嘲的评论是一种慷慨甚至自信的幽默形式。
【词块积累】
(1)make
a
comment/comments
on 对……作出评论
No
comment!
无可奉告!
(2)comment
on/upon.
.
.
对……评论
①It
is
impolite
to
make
unfavourable
comments
on
a
person’s
appearance.
?
对他人的外貌作负面评论是不礼貌的。
②They
are
always
commenting
on/upon
what
I’m
wearing.
他们总是对我的穿着评头论足。?
③No
comment!
I
don’t
know
anything.
?
无可奉告!
我什么都不知道。
【词源趣谈】
拉丁语comminisci(设计,
发明)由前缀com-(一起)和名词mens/mentio组成,
其在拉丁语中派生了commentum(发明或设计的东西),
7世纪被西班牙神学家伊西多尔用来表示“注释,
解释”的意义,
最终以此意义进入英语。
词根词缀:
com-一起
+-ment-
记忆,
智力
3.
intend
v.
计划,
打算
(2020·天津高考)
Making
a
full-length
clay
figure
would
not
exhaust
my
strength—and
that
is
what
I
intend
to
do!
做一个全身的泥人不会耗尽我的力量——而且这正是我所要做的!
【词块积累】
(1)be
intended
for
专门为……而设计的;
专供……
intend
sb.
to
do
sth.
打算让某人做某事
intend
to
do
/
doing
sth.
打算做某事
intend
that.
.
.
打算;
想……
(2)intention
n.
目的;
意图
without
intention
无意地;
不是故意地
①The
school
being
built
at
present
is
intended
for
the
disabled
children.
?
目前正在建造的学校是专门为残疾儿童设计的。
②Prince
Harry
and
Princess
Meghan
intended
to
step
back
as
“senior”
members
of
the
Royal
Family.
?
哈里王子和梅根王妃打算退出王室“高级”成员的角色。
③The
writer
clearly
intends
his
readers
to
identify
with
the
main
character.
?
作者显然想让读者与主人公产生共鸣。
④This
program
was
set
up
with
the
intention
of
providing
help
to
homeless
people.
?
设立这个项目的目的是为无家可归的人提供帮助。
4.
recognise
(recognize)
v.
认识,
辨认出
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
Recognize
all
of
your
strengths.
认识到你所有的优点。
【词块积累】
(1)recognise
sb.
/one’s
voice
认出某人/
听出某人的声音
recognise
sb.
/sth.
as/
to
be
承认……是……
be
recognised
to
be/
as.
.
.
被认作……/被认为是……
recognise
that.
.
.
认识到/承认……
It
is
recognised
that.
.
.
人们公认……;
人们意识到……
(2)recognition
n.
认出,
认识
①(2020·江苏高考)We
did
not
speak
the
local
language,
did
not
know
the
customs,
and
more
often
than
not,
did
not
entirely
recognize
the
food.
?
我们不会说当地的语言,
不知道当地的风俗,
而且常常不完全认识当地的食物。
②(2019·江苏高考)China’s
image
is
improving
steadily,
with
more
countries
recognizing
its
role
in
international
affairs.
随着更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用,
中国的形象正在稳步提升。?
③The
China
International
Import
Expo
is
recognised
as/to
be
the
first
state-level
expo
with
the
theme
of
import
in
the
world.
中国国际进口博览会被认为是全世界第一个以进口为主题的国家级博览会。?
④The
actor
soon
won
recognition
from
the
public.
?
这位演员很快就赢得了公众的认可。
【巧学助记】
一句recognise与know巧对比
I
know
about
Tom,
but
I
don’t
know
him.
I
know
Bob,
but
yesterday
when
I
came
across
Bob,
I
couldn’t
recognise
him
because
he
was
wearing
sunglasses.
我知道(听说过)汤姆,
但我不认识他。我认识鲍勃,
可昨天我碰见鲍勃时,
我认不出他来了,
因为他戴着太阳镜。
Ten
Li
recognise
people,
one
hundred
Li
recognise
clothes.
十里认人,
百里认衣。
5.
aware
adj.
意识到的,
明白的
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)It
was
Mr
Liu
who
made
me
aware
of
the
importance
of
learning
English
well.
是刘老师让我意识到学好英语的重要性。
【词块积累】
(1)be/become
aware
of
对……知道/明白;
意识到
be
aware
that/wh-从句
知道,
体会到……
make
sb.
aware
of
使某人意识到
as
far
as
I’m
aware
据我所知
(2)awareness
n.
知道;
认识;
意识;
兴趣
①I
am
totally
aware
of
team
spirit
and
understand
how
to
cooperate
with
others.
?
我完全明白团队精神,
知道如何与他人合作。
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Everybody
can
buy
takeaway
food,
but
sometimes
we’re
not
aware
how
cheaply
we
can
make
this
food
ourselves.
每个人都可以买外卖,
但是有时候我们没有意识到我们自己做饭的成本有多低。?
③(2018·天津高考)If
your
awareness
is
as
sharp
as
it
could
be,
you’ll
have
no
trouble
answering
these
questions.
?
如果你的意识足够敏锐,
回答这些问题你将毫无困难。
6.
Not
only
can
you
post
specific
questions,
but
you
can
also
broaden
your
knowledge
by
reading
posts
from
other
English
learners
around
the
world.
?
你不但可以就特定的问题发帖,
而且可以通过阅读全世界其他的英语学习者的帖子来拓展自己的知识。
【句式解构】
句中“not
only.
.
.
but
also.
.
.
”结构意为“不仅……而且……”,
其中
but后可省略also。
(1)not
only.
.
.
but
(also).
.
.
连接的两个并列成分作主语时,
谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近一致原则”。
(2)not
only.
.
.
but
(also).
.
.
连接两个并列分句,
且
not
only位于句首时,
其所在的分句需使用部分倒装。
①The
British
and
the
Americans
not
only
speak
the
same
language
but(also)
share
a
large
number
of
social
customs.
英国人和美国人不但讲同一种语言,
而且有很多共同的社会习俗。?
②(2020·江苏高考)There,
he
not
only
did
well
as
a
student
but
also
became
an
accomplished
public
speaker.
?
在那里,
作为学生他不仅表现优异,
而且成为了杰出的公共演说家。
③(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Not
only
do
I
feel
the
pains
the
farmers
take
but
also
the
happiness
that
labor
brings
me.
?
我不仅感受到了农民的苦,
也感受到了劳动带给我的快乐。
④Not
only
students
but
also
the
teacher
is
competing
in
the
sports
event
at
the
moment.
?
此刻不仅学生而且老师都在参加体育比赛。
动词“就近原则”的几个连接词
类似not
only.
.
.
but
(also).
.
.
连接并列主语,
谓语动词的单复数依据“就近原则”的结构还有:
neither.
.
.
nor.
.
.
either.
.
.
or.
.
.
not.
.
.
but.
.
.
【要点拾遗】
1.
actually
adv.
事实上,
实际上
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
Actually,
I
started
to
learn
kung
fu
when
I
was
seven
years
old,
but
I
have
long
been
out
of
practice.
事实上,
我七岁的时候就开始学功夫了,
但是我已经很久没有练习了。
【词块积累】
(1)actually=
in
fact
=
as
a
matter
of
fact实际上;
事实上
(2)actual
adj.
实际的,
真实的
①As
a
matter
of
fact/
In
fact/Actually,
I
don’t
know
the
truth.
事实上,
我不知道(事情的)真相。?
②James
looks
younger
than
his
wife
but
in
actual
fact
he
is
five
years
older.
詹姆斯看起来比他的妻子年轻,
但实际上他还大五岁。
2.
base
v.
以……为基础
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
its
plans
for
a
future
lunar
base
are
practical.
有关月球成分的数据,
比如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏,
可以帮助中国决定未来在月球建立基地的计划是否可行。
【词块积累】
(1)
be
based
on
/upon
以……为基础;
依据……
base.
.
.
on
/
upon.
.
.
把……建立在……基础之上
(2)
base
n.
基础;
基地
at
the
base
of
以……为基点;
在……的底部
(3)
basic
adj.
基本的;
基础的
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
These
days,
I
,
together
with
my
classmates,
have
adapted
a
short
play
based
on
the
English
text.
?
这些天,
我和我的同学一起,
改编了一个以英语课文为基础的短剧。
②When
it
comes
to
choosing
between
arts
and
sciences,
the
basic
rule
is
to
base
your
choice
on
your
own
interest.
当谈到选择文理科的时候,
基本的原则是把你的选择建立在你的兴趣上。
③After
all,
friendship
is
based
on
trust,
and
therefore
honesty
is
very
important.
?
毕竟,
友谊是基于信任的,
因此诚实是非常重要的。
3.
Americans
live
in
an
apartment,
while
the
British
live
in
a
flat.
美国人住在apartment里,
而英国人住在flat里。
【句式解构】
该句为并列句,
其中
while为并列连词,
表示前后两个分句之间为对比关系。
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)She
lives
on
the
ground
floor,
while
he
lives
upstairs
with
his
wife
and
their
two
daughters.
她住在一楼,
而他和他的妻子以及他们的两个女儿住在楼上。
②I
learnt
a
lot
of
French
while
I
was
in
Paris.
在巴黎时我学了很多法语。
③While
the
Internet
is
of
great
help,
I
don’t
think
it’s
a
good
idea
to
spend
too
much
time
on
it.
虽然网络很有帮助,
但我认为在网上花太多时间不是个好主意。
while还可用作从属连词,
引导下列从句:
(1)引导时间状语从句,
意为“在……期间,
当……的时候”。
(2)引导让步状语从句,
意为“虽然,
尽管”,
常位于句首。
Ⅰ.
根据汉语或首字母提示,
写出下列单词
1.
Please
remember
to
remind
(提醒)
me
to
give
my
parents
a
call.
?
2.
This
famous
star
hates
to
see
the
bad
comments
(评论)about
his
life.
?
3.
With
the
weather
getting
cold,
more
and
more
people
are
wearing
warm
boots
(靴子).
?
4.
The
rent
in
this
section
(地段)
is
much
higher
than
that
in
the
suburbs.
?
5.
This
excellent
book
will
be
a
welcome
addition(添加)
to
the
library
of
any
student.
6.
As
an
exchange
student,
he
had
great
trouble
getting
used
to
the
food
here.
7.
We
are
all
looking
forward
to
the
long
holiday
for
the
National
Day.
8.
Actually,
you
don’t
need
to
waste
your
time
in
persuading
him.
9.
Don’t
let
others’
negative
attitude
towards
life
disturb
your
own
life.
10.
I
didn’t
intend
her
to
see
the
painting
until
it
was
finished.
Ⅱ.
选词填空
do
a
good
job,
look
forward
to,
be
about
to,
in
the
outside
world,
have
a
frog
in
one’s
throat,
play
safe
with
1.
If
you
want
to
play
safe
with
your
health,
cut
down
on
the
amount
of
salt
you
eat.
?
2.
We
have
been
looking
forward
to
the
coming
of
Teachers’
Day.
?
3.
If
we
don’t
do
a
good
job
now,
all
the
work
we’ve
done
will
be
wasted.
?
4.
He
was
about
to
leave
when
his
phone
rang
and
he
got
another
work
to
do.
?
5.
If
you
have
a
frog
in
your
throat,
remember
to
speak
less.
?
6.
It
seems
that
people
are
more
interested
in
exploring
the
secret
in
the
outside
world.
?
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
She
teaches
us
not
only
how
to
gain
knowledge
but
also
how
to
be
a
good
person.
她不仅教我们如何获得知识,
也教我们如何成为一个好人。?
2.
Here
is
the
present
that
your
father
bought
for
you
before
he
went
to
work
abroad.
?
这是你爸爸在出国工作前为你买的礼物。
3.
Many
overseas
Chinese
are
proud
of
our
country
because
she
is
developing
very
fast.
?
很多海外游子以我们的祖国为荣,
因为她正在飞速发展。
4.
I
made
a
card
for
mom,
who
loves
me
most.
?
我给妈妈制作了一张卡片,
她最爱我。
5.
Nodding
the
head
means
agreement,
while
shaking
it
means
disagreement.
点头表示同意,
而摇头表示不同意。?
写一则有关语言误解的故事
框架宏观建构:
整体理解
A
misunderstanding
in
English
Opening
Last
summer,
I
stayed
with
a
British
family.
Main
body
I
was
①surprised
and
shocked
that
I
was
to
have
②toad-in-the-hole
for
dinner.
Result
To
my
③astonishment,
when
the
dish
was
served,
it
turned
out
to
be
④delicious.
文本微观剖析:
特色表达?
1.
These
pictures
tell
us
a
story
about
the
author’s
experience
of
a
misunderstanding
in
English
when
she
stayed
with
a
British
family.
?
2.
Read
through
the
pictures,
and
you
will
find
there
are
differences
between
different
cultures.
1.
话题词汇
(1)suddenly
突然
(2)immediately
立刻
(3)luckily/fortunately
幸运的是
(4)however
然而
(5)finally/at
last
终于/最后
(6)one
day/the
other
day/last
week
一天/那天/上周
(7)to
one’s
surprise/astonishment
令某人惊讶的是
2.
话题句式
①It
was
a
beautiful
day
and
the
sun
was
shining.
那天天气很好,
阳光灿烂。
②Up
to
now,
I
still
remember
one
interesting/terrible/embarrassing
thing
which
happened
years
ago.
直到现在,
我仍然记得发生在多年前的一件有趣的/可怕的/尴尬的事情。
③When
I
told
my
friend,
she
said
I
was
pulling
my
legs.
当我(把这件事)告诉给我的朋友时,
她说我在开玩笑。
④Only
when
he
explained
this
term
could
I
understand
that
he
was
trying
to
find
his
friends.
只有当他解释了这个术语后我才明白他试着想找到他的朋友。
⑤It
turns
out
that
.
.
.
这证明……;
原来是……
⑥I
sincerely
swore
that
I
would
.
.
.
我真诚地发誓我会……
话题特点
故事属于记叙文文体。该类作文以叙述为主,
突出故事的发生、发展和结果。写作时要交代五个“W”和一个“H”,
即:
What(什么事),
Who(什么人),
When(什么时候),
Where(什么地点),
Why(什么原因),
How(怎么样)。
另外,
其具有鲜明的观点。在讲故事时,
故事需要有一个明确的论点。
假设你是李华,
美国留学生Jack正在中国学汉语。他觉得自己的汉语学得很不错了,
但仍有些疑惑。听说今天你带他吃的是“老婆饼”和“叫花鸡”,
他很吃惊,
吃后却觉得很好吃。请用英语写一则故事叙述今天发生的故事。
写作要求:
1.
词数80个左右。
2.
可以适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:
小吃
snack;
老婆饼Wife
Cake;
叫花鸡Beggar’s
Chicken
·完成句子
1.
杰克,
一名美国交换生,
是我在中国的朋友之一。
Jack,
an
American
exchange
student,
is
one
of
my
friends
living
in
China.
?
2.
他汉语说得很流利。
He
can
speak
Chinese
very
fluently.
?
3.
但是杰克还是不太理解中国小吃。
But
Jack
still
has
some
trouble
understanding
Chinese
snacks.
?
4.
他喜欢中国的饺子。
He
likes
Chinese
dumplings.
?
5.
饺子里有他最喜欢的馅。
There
are
his
favourite
fillings
in
dumplings.
?
6.
他也不想吃它们。
He
doesn’t
want
to
eat
them
either.
?
·句式升级
7.
用定语从句合并句1和句2。
Jack,
an
American
exchange
student,
is
one
of
my
friends
living
in
China,
who
can
speak
Chinese
very
fluently.
?
8.
用介词+关系代词合并句4和句5。
He
likes
Chinese
dumplings,
in
which
there
are
his
favourite
fillings.
?
9.
用倒装句改写句6。
Neither
does
he
want
to
eat
them.
?
Jack,
an
American
exchange
student,
is
one
of
my
friends
living
in
China,
who
can
speak
Chinese
very
fluently.
And
he
thought
he
did
a
very
good
job
in
learning
Chinese.
But
Jack
still
has
some
trouble
understanding
Chinese
snacks.
He
likes
Chinese
dumplings,
in
which
there
are
his
favourite
fillings.
He
doesn’t
like
the
names
of
some
Chinese
snacks.
Neither
does
he
want
to
eat
them.
One
day
I
bought
him
some
Wife
Cakes
and
a
Beggar’s
Chicken
which
really
surprised
him.
He
thought
I
was
joking.
I
spent
a
long
time
persuading
him
to
have
a
try.
After
eating,
he
fell
in
love
with
them.
I
like
these
names
of
Chinese
snacks,
which
reflect
the
wisdom
of
Chinese
people.
单词
1.
title
n.
题目,
标题2.
unique
adj.
独一无二的.
独特的3.
alarm
n.
警报器;
闹钟4.
type
n.
类型,
种类5.
contact
v.
联系,
联络6.
subway
n.
地铁7.
gas
n.
汽油8.
petrol
n.
汽油9.
apartment
n.
一套住房,
公寓套房10.
flat
n.
一套住房,
公寓套房11.
context
n.
上下文,
语境12.
resource
n.
资料,
(教学)资源13.
misadventure
n.
事故,
灾难14.
remind
v.
提醒,
使……想起15.
rather
adv.
相当,
颇16.
comment
n.
评论17.
downtown
adj.
在城镇中心区的,
在闹市区的18.
boot
n.
靴子19.
entrance
n.
大门(口),
入口(处)20.
section
n.
区域21.
exit
n.
出口22.
downstairs
adv.
在楼下
23.
odd
adj.
奇特的,
古怪的24.
negative
adj.
消极的,
负面的25.
error
n.
错误,
谬误26.
intend
v.
计划,
打算27.
base
v.
以……为基础28.
opposing
adj.
(观点、意见等)相反的,
相对立的29.
behave
v.
表现,
举止→behavior
n.
行为,
举止
30.
confuse
v.
使困惑→confusing
adj.
令人困惑的→confused
adj.
感到困惑的→confusion
n.
困惑,
疑惑31.
reflect
v.
显示,
反映→reflection
n.
反映,
思考,
反射32.
create
v.
创造→creative
adj.
创造(性)的,
有创造力的→creation
n.
创造,
创作→creativity
n.
创造性,
创造力33.
unfamiliar
adj.
不熟悉的→familiar
adj.
熟悉的34.
organization
n.
组织,
团体,
机构→organize
vt.
&vi.
组织;
筹备35.
likely
adj.
可能的,
可能发生的36.
addition
n.
增加物,
添加物→add
vt.
&vi.
加,
增加37.
tradition
n.
传统→traditional
adj.
传统的→traditionally
adv.
传统上38.
actual
adj.
真实的,
实际的→actually
adv.
事实上,
实际上39.
informal
adj.
(书写或言谈)非正式的40.
recognise
v.
认识,
辨认出→recognition
n.
识别;
承认,
认出41.
aware
adj.
意识到的→awareness
n.
意识;
明白
短语
1.
speak
of
说起;
说到2.
burn
up/down
烧光;
烧毁3.
fill
in/out
填充;
填写4.
wind
up
上紧发条;
使收尾;
结束5.
come
across
偶然发现6.
be
aware
of
意识到;
觉察到7.
be
made
up
of
由……组成8.
be
different
from
与……不同9.
take.
.
.
for
example
以……为例
10.
as
you
can
see
如你所见11.
would
rather
宁愿;
更喜欢12.
pick
up
拾起;
捡起;
开车接;
偶然获得13.
in
the
outside
world
在外面的世界14.
play
safe
with
对……求稳;
在……方面不冒险15.
have
a
frog
in
one’s
throat
(尤指咽喉痛)说话困难16.
on
the
first
floor
(美)在一楼;
(英)在二楼17.
on
the
ground
floor
(英)在一楼18.
look
forward
to
期待;
盼望
句式结构
1.
“get
sb.
/sth.
doing”结构This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
a
crazy
language
to
learn.
这让我一直在考虑英语学起来该是怎样一门疯狂的语言呢。2.
neither引导的倒装句Neither
is
there
pine
nor
apple
in
pineapple.
菠萝里既没有松树也没有苹果。
3.
not
only.
.
.
but(also)“不但……而且……”倒装句Not
only
can
you
post
specific
questions,
but
you
can
also
broaden
your
knowledge
by
reading
posts
from
other
English
learners
around
the
world.
你不但可以就特定的问题发帖,
也可以通过阅读全世界其他英语学习者的帖子来拓展自己的知识。4.
because引导的原因状语从句He
told
us
that
Maggie
couldn’t
teach
that
day
COZ
she
had
a
frog
in
her
throat.
他告诉我们说玛吉老师那天不能上课,
因为她喉咙疼痛,
说话困难。
The
Wizard
of
Oz(excerpt)
Dorothy
lived
in
the
midst
of
the
great
Kansas
prairies,
with
Uncle
Henry,
who
was
a
farmer,
and
Aunt
Em,
who
was
the
farmer’s
wife.
Their
house
was
small,
for
the
lumber
to
build
it
had
to
be
carried
by
wagon
many
miles.
There
were
four
walls,
a
floor
and
a
roof,
which
made
one
room;
and
this
room
contained
a
rusty
looking
cookstove,
a
cupboard
for
the
dishes,
a
table,
three
or
four
chairs,
and
the
beds.
Uncle
Henry
and
Aunt
Em
had
a
big
bed
in
one
corner,
and
Dorothy
had
a
little
bed
in
another
corner.
There
was
no
garret
at
all,
and
no
cellar—except
a
small
hole
dug
in
the
ground,
called
a
cyclone
cellar,
where
the
family
could
go
in
case
one
of
those
great
whirlwinds
arose,
mighty
enough
to
crush
any
buildings
in
its
path.
It
was
reached
by
a
trap
door
in
the
middle
of
the
floor,
from
which
a
ladder
led
down
into
the
small,
dark
hole.
When
Dorothy
stood
in
the
doorway
and
looked
around,
she
could
see
nothing
but
the
great
gray
prairie
on
every
side.
Not
a
tree
nor
a
house
broke
the
broad
sweep
of
flat
country
that
reached
to
the
edge
of
the
sky
in
all
directions.
The
sun
had
baked
the
plowed
land
into
a
gray
mass,
with
little
cracks
running
through
it.
Even
the
grass
was
not
green,
for
the
sun
had
burned
the
tops
of
the
long
blades
until
they
were
the
same
gray
color
to
be
seen
everywhere.
Once
the
house
had
been
painted,
but
the
sun
blistered
the
paint
and
the
rains
washed
it
away,
and
now
the
house
was
as
dull
and
gray
as
everything
else.
?
When
Aunt
Em
came
there
to
live
she
was
a
young,
pretty
wife.
The
sun
and
wind
had
changed
her,
too.
They
had
taken
the
sparkle
from
her
eyes
and
left
them
a
sober
gray;
they
had
taken
the
red
from
her
cheeks
and
lips,
and
they
were
gray
also.
She
was
thin
and
gaunt,
and
never
smiled
now.
When
Dorothy,
who
was
an
orphan,
first
came
to
her,
Aunt
Em
had
been
so
startled
by
the
child’s
laughter
that
she
would
scream
and
press
her
hand
upon
her
heart
whenever
Dorothy’s
merry
voice
reached
her
ears;
and
she
still
looked
at
the
little
girl
with
wonder
that
she
could
find
anything
to
laugh
at.
?
Uncle
Henry
never
laughed.
He
worked
hard
from
morning
till
night
and
did
not
know
what
joy
was.
He
was
gray
also,
from
his
long
beard
to
his
rough
boots,
and
he
looked
stern
and
solemn,
and
rarely
spoke.
?
It
was
Toto
that
made
Dorothy
laugh,
and
saved
her
from
growing
as
gray
as
her
other
surroundings.
Toto
was
not
gray;
he
was
a
little
black
dog,
with
long
silky
hair
and
small
black
eyes
that
twinkled
merrily
on
either
side
of
his
funny,
wee
nose.
Toto
played
all
day
long,
and
Dorothy
played
with
him,
and
loved
him
dearly.
Today,
however,
they
were
not
playing.
Uncle
Henry
sat
upon
the
doorstep
and
looked
anxiously
at
the
sky,
which
was
even
grayer
than
usual.
Dorothy
stood
at
the
door
with
Toto
in
her
arms,
and
looked
at
the
sky
too.
Aunt
Em
was
washing
the
dishes.
From
the
far
north
they
heard
a
low
wail
of
the
wind,
and
Uncle
Henry
and
Dorothy
could
see
where
the
long
grass
bowed
in
waves
before
the
coming
storm.
There
now
came
a
sharp
whistling
in
the
air
from
the
south,
and
as
they
turned
their
eyes
that
way
they
saw
ripples
in
the
grass
coming
from
that
direction
also.
导语:
《绿野仙踪》是美国作家莱曼·弗兰克·鲍姆所著的优秀的儿童文学作品。它描述了一个小女孩因旋风被刮到奥芝国,
和她的三个朋友狮子、稻草人、铁皮人团结在一起,
共同克服困难,
战胜险恶,
最终如愿以偿的故事。
1.
garret
n.
阁楼
2.
cyclone
n.
旋风
3.
arise
vi.
出现
4.
bake
vt.
烤
5.
sparkle
n.
闪烁的光
6.
sober
adj.
冷静的
7.
startle
vt.
使大吃一惊
8.
wail
n.
哀号
续写中的种种“忧郁”
文中表达
“忧郁”的形容词的使用很出彩。常用来表达“忧郁”的形容词有:
gray阴郁的 sad难过的
blue忧郁的 gloomy阴郁的
dark忧郁的 depressed沮丧的
glum忧郁的,
死气沉沉的
disappointed失望的
depressive抑郁的;
压抑的
【情境应用】
1.
The
wine
would
freeze
on
the
way
from
the
kitchen
through—it
is
sad—to
the
big
dining
hall.
从厨房到餐厅的路上,
酒会冻住——真悲哀。
2.
I
knew
immediately
from
his
gloomy
face
that
his
examination
had
not
been
successful,
and
night
came
on
with
black
and
dismal
looks.
?
我从他那阴郁的脸色上一看就知道他考试不及格。接着夜晚带着阴沉忧郁的脸色降临了。
3.
I
was
depressed;
my
life
seemed
completely
out
of
balance.
?
我很沮丧;
我的生活似乎是一团糟。
译文:
《绿野仙踪》(节选)
多萝茜和亨利叔叔、爱姆婶婶,
住在堪萨斯州大草原的中部。叔叔是个农民,
爱姆婶婶是他的妻子。他们的屋子很小,
因为建屋子的木材要从很远的地方用货车运过来,
很不容易。他们住的一间屋子只是由四面墙壁、一个屋顶和一堂地板构成。屋子里有一个锈迹斑斑的烧饭炉灶,
一个放着盆碟的橱子,
一张桌子,
三四把椅子,
和床。亨利叔叔和爱姆婶婶的大床,
放在角落里,
多萝茜的小床,
放在另外一个角落里。屋子里没有阁楼,
也没有地下室——只有那么一个小洞,
直掘到地下面,
这洞叫地下避风洞。在大旋风刮来时,
全家人可以躲进里面去。因为凡是旋风经过的地方,
不论什么建筑它都有可能吹倒。在地板的中央,
有一扇活动的木门,
那里有一架梯子,
走下去就进入了那又黑又小的地洞里。
多萝茜站在门口,
向四周眺望,
茫茫的灰色的大草原,
望不到尽头。在那一片宽阔平坦的原野上没有一棵树,
也没有一间屋子。草原一直伸展到天边。太阳炙烤着这片耕作过的田地,
把它变成一片灰色的布满许多小裂缝的荒野。甚至原野上的草也不是绿色的。因为太阳灼烧着它们顶部的长叶,
使得它们不论从何处看,
都是灰色的。有一次,
屋子油漆过了,
太阳却把油漆晒起了泡,
雨水把它褪尽了,
这屋子和别的东西一样变得暗淡又灰蒙蒙的。
当初爱姆婶婶刚来这里的时候,
她还是个年轻貌美的太太。太阳和风也把她的模样改变了。它们从她的眼睛里拿走了光辉,
留下了一种沉重的灰色;
它们从她的面颊上和嘴唇上,
拿走了红润,
也只剩下灰色。如今她消瘦而且憔悴,
不再微笑。
多萝茜是一个孤儿,
第一次来到爱姆婶婶身边时,
婶婶被这女孩子的笑声吓了一跳。无论什么时候,
每当多萝茜的快活的声音传到婶婶的耳朵里,
她总要尖叫起来,
并且把手压在心头;
婶婶带着惊奇看着这个小女孩——因为她不论在什么东西上都能够找寻出笑料来。
亨利叔叔从来不笑。他从早到晚努力干活,
不知道什么是快乐。从他的长须直到他粗糙的鞋子,
也全是灰色的,
他看起来庄重严肃,
很少说话。
让多萝茜笑的是托托,
在多萝茜和四周一切事物一样都逐渐褪变成灰色时,
托托带来了不同的色彩;
托托不是灰色的,
它是一只小黑狗,
有着柔软滑顺的长毛,
一对小黑眼睛,
在它那只有趣的极小的鼻子两边,
快乐地眨着。
多萝茜整天跟它在一起玩着,
并且十分喜欢托托。
然而,
今天他们没有一起玩。亨利叔叔坐在门口的阶沿上,
烦恼地望着比平时更加灰暗的天空。多萝茜抱着托托,
站在门口,
也望着天空。爱姆婶婶正在洗盆碟。
他们听到北风低低的哀叫声,
亨利叔叔和多萝茜看到风暴到来之前的草原,
像波浪似地起伏着。接着,
从南方的高空中,
也传来了一种尖锐的呼啸声。他们转眼望去,
只见在那个方向的草同样掀起了波浪。
PAGEUnit
2
Exploring
English
Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
American
and
British
English
American
and
British
English
spelling
differences
are
one
aspect
of
American
and
British
English
differences.
In
the
early
18th
century,
English
spelling
was
not
standardized.
Differences
became
noticeable
after
the
publishing
of
influential
dictionaries.
Current
British
English
spellings
follow,
for
the
most
part,
those
of
Samuel
Johnson’s
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language
(1755).
Many
of
the
new
characteristic
American
English
spellings
were
introduced,
although
not,
for
the
most
part,
created,
by
Noah
Webster
in
his
American
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language
of
1828.
Webster
was
a
strong
proponent
of
spelling
reform
for
reasons
both
philological
and
nationalistic.
Many
spelling
changes
proposed
in
the
US
by
Webster
himself,
and
in
the
early
20th
century
by
the
Simplified
Spelling
Board,
never
caught
on.
Among
the
advocates
of
spelling
reform
in
England,
the
influences
of
those
who
preferred
the
Norman
(or
Anglo-French)
spellings
of
certain
words
proved
decisive.
Subsequent
spelling
adjustments
in
the
UK
had
little
effect
on
present-day
US
spelling,
and
vice
versa(反之亦然).
While
in
many
cases
American
English
deviated
in
the
19th
century
from
mainstream
British
spelling,
on
the
other
hand
it
has
also
often
retained
older
forms.
The
spelling
systems
of
Commonwealth
countries,
for
the
most
part,
closely
resemble
the
British
system.
In
Canada,
however,
while
most
spelling
is
“British”,
many
“American”
spellings
are
also
used.
Additional
information
on
Canadian
and
Australian
spelling
is
provided
throughout
the
article.
[词海拾贝]
1.
noticeable
adj.
明显的,
显著的
2.
proponent
n.
倡导者
3.
deviate
v.
偏离;
脱离
4.
retain
vt.
保留
5.
resemble
vt.
像
[我学我思]
1.
catch
on
变得流行
2.
have
little
effect
on
对……影响很小
3.
on
the
other
hand
另一方面
4.
What
does
the
passage
mainly
tell
us?
It
tells
us
the
spelling
differences
between
American
and
British
English.
?
5.
What
is
the
current
British
English
spelling
mainly
influenced
by?
Samuel
Johnson’s
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language
(1755).
?
6.
Who
brought
many
spelling
changes
in
the
US?
Webster.
Ⅰ.
必备单词:
根据提示填写单词
1.
the
title
of
the
passage
这篇文章的题目
2.
sculpt
a
sculpture
by
hand
手工雕刻一座雕像
3.
a
unique
work
of
art
一件独一无二的艺术作品
4.
a
smoke
alarm
一个烟雾警报器
5.
reflect
the
creativity
of
the
human
race
反映人类的创造力
6.
a
very
creative
student一个很有创造力的学生→create
(v.
)
a
new
product
创造一个新产品
7.
have
the
opposing
view持有相反的看法→oppose
(v.
)
changing
the
law反对改变这条法规
8.
shameful
behavior可耻的行为→behave
(v.
)
like
a
true
gentleman举止像个真正的绅士
9.
confusing
instructions
on
the
box盒子上令人困惑的用法说明→confuse
(v.
)
quantity
with
quality混淆数量和质量→feel
confused
(adj.
)
感到困惑
10.
clearly
visible清晰可见→invisible
(adj.
)
wings
隐形的翅膀
Ⅱ.
必备短语:
英汉双译
1.
have
trouble
doing
做某事有困难?
2.
speaking
of
说起;
说到?
3.
for
example
例如?
4.
the
number
of
……的数量?
5.
burn
up/down
烧毁
6.
around
the
world
全世界
7.
fill
in/out
填充;
填写
8.
wind
up
给(机械)上发条;
使(活动、会议等)结束
Ⅲ.
必备句式:
翻译课文原句,
并观察黑体部分
1.
This
made
me
realize
that
there’s
no
egg
in
eggplant
either.
译文:
这让我意识到了eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(鸡蛋)。
2.
Neither
is
there
pine
nor
apple
in
pineapple.
译文:
Pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。
3.
That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out,
they
are
visible,
but
when
the
lights
are
out,
they
are
invisible.
译文:
那就是为什么星星出来时是看得见的,
灯灭了是看不见的。
根据给出的构词规则完成下面空格。
1.
动词+
-ive后缀构成形容词
create+-ive→creative
创造(性)的
attract→attractive
有吸引力的
act→active
活跃的;
积极的
relate→relative
相关的
2.
“动词
+
up”构成短语,
表示结束
finish
up
完成
drink
up
喝干
eat
up
吃光
use
up
用光
框架宏观建构:
整体理解
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
2.
The
author
writes
the
passage
to
tell
us
how
interesting
and
creative
the
language
of
English
is.
?
文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)The
first
paragraph
is
intended
to
______.
?
A.
introduce
English
is
interesting
and
creative
B.
tell
us
English
is
difficult
to
learn
C.
direct
our
attention
to
the
word
formation
D.
lead
to
the
topic
of
discussion
(2)The
author
develops
the
text
by
______.
?
A.
stating
arguments
B.
making
comparisons
C.
giving
examples
D.
providing
research
results
(3)Which
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
passage?
A.
When
we
are
traveling
we
say
that
we
are
in
the
car
or
the
taxi,
but
on
the
train
or
bus!
B.
When
we
look
out
of
the
window
and
see
rain
or
snow,
we
can
say
“it’s
raining”
or
“it’s
snowing”.
C.
When
we
see
sunshine,
we
can
say
“it’s
sunshining”.
D.
When
you
see
the
capitalized
“WHO”
in
a
medical
report,
you
can’t
read
it
as
the
“who”
in
“Who’s
that?
”
答案:
(1)～(3)DCC
2.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)I
hadn’t(主句),
until
one
day
my
five-year-old
son
asked
me
whether
there
was
ham
in
a
hamburger.
(until引导时间状语从句,
whether引导宾语从句)?
译文:
我没有,
直到有一天,
我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡包)里是否有ham(火腿)。
(2)You
(主语)also
have
to
wonder
at
(谓语)the
unique
madness
of
a
language(宾语)
in
which
a
house
can
burn
up
as
it
burns
down
(定语从句修饰先行词language,
as引导时间状语从句),
in
which
you
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
out(定语从句),
and
in
which
an
alarm
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
off(定语从句,
once引导条件状语从句)!
?
译文:
(英语)这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在这种语言中,
房子烧成灰烬的时候,
可以说“burn
up”,
也可以说“burn
down”;
你可以说“fill
in
a
form”,
也可以说“fill
out”,
而且只有闹钟响了你才可以听到铃声!
语篇总结归纳:
主题深化
Have
you
ever
asked
yourself
why
people
often
have
trouble
1.
learning(learn)
English?
I
hadn’t,
until
one
day
my
five-year-old
son
asked
me
2.
whether
there
was
ham
in
a
hamburger.
This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
3.
a
crazy
language
to
learn.
Even
the
smallest
words
can
be
4.
confusing
(confuse).
You
also
have
to
5.
wonder
(wonder)at
the
unique
madness
of
a
language
in
which
a
house
can
burn
up
as
it
burns
down,
in
which
you
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
out,
and
in
which
an
alarm
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
6.
off!
English
7.
was
invented
(invent)
by
people,
not
computers,
and
it
reflects
the
8.
creativity(creative)
of
the
human
race.
That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out,
they
are
visible,
but
when
the
lights
are
out,
they
are
9.
invisible(visible).
And
that
is
why
when
I
wind
up
my
watch,
it
starts,
but
when
I
wind
up
this
passage,
it
10.
ends(end).
?
阅读思维升华:
主题实践
1.
Why
do
people
often
have
trouble
learning
English?
(critical
thinking批判性思维)
Because
many
words
have
puzzling
meanings,
which
makes
it
a
crazy
language
to
learn.
?
2.
Why
are
shameless
and
shameful
behaviors
the
same?
(critical
thinking批判性思维)
Because
shameless
and
shameful
have
the
same
meaning.
?
3.
While
coming
across
confusing
words
and
phrases,
what
do
you
often
do?
(creative
thinking创造性思维)
Refer
to
a
dictionary
and
ask
my
English
teacher.
?
1.
confusing
adj.
令人困惑的,
难以理解的
(教材原句)
Even
the
smallest
words
can
be
confusing.
即使是最小的单词也会让人感到困惑。
【词块积累】
(1)confuse
vt.
使迷惑,
混淆
confuse
.
.
.
with/and
.
.
.
把……和……混淆
(2)confused
adj.
困惑的
be
confused
about
sth.
对某事迷惑不解
(3)confusion
n.
混乱,
困惑
in
confusion
困惑地,
混乱地
①I
think
it’s
a
serious
mistake
to
confuse
work
with
life.
?
我认为把工作同生活混为一谈是大错特错。
②
I
love
learning
new
words,
but
I
am
confused
about
how
to
remember
them
well.
?
我喜欢学习新单词,
但是我对如何记好新单词感到困惑不解。
③He
looked
at
me
in
confusion
and
did
not
answer
the
question.
他困惑地看着我,
并没有回答这个问题。?
【巧学助记】confuse还“使你困惑”吗?
From
his
confused
look,
I
know
he
is
confused
about
the
confusing
question.
从他疑惑的表情中,
我知道他对这个难懂的问题感到困惑不解。
2.
burn
down烧毁,
烧掉(多指建筑物被烧塌)
(经典例句)A
number
of
houses
were
burnt
down
in
the
fire.
在火灾中,
有许多房子被烧毁了。
【词块积累】
burn
up
烧光,
烧尽(多指东西被烧掉);
(通过锻炼)消耗(热能)
burn
out
烧坏;
燃尽;
耗尽体力
burn
sth.
to
the
ground
将……烧成平地
①Brisk
walking
burns
up
more
calories
than
slow
jogging.
?
快走比慢跑能消耗更多的热量。
②The
fire
had
burnt
out
before
the
fire
engines
arrived.
?
在消防车到达之前,
火已经熄灭了。
③At
least
nine
houses
were
burnt
to
the
ground
in
the
big
fire
last
week.
?
在上周的这场大火中,
至少九座房子被烧为平地。
3.
alarm
n.
警报器;
闹钟;
惊恐
vt.
使警觉;
使惊恐;
惊动
(经典例句)Lego
has
come
under
increasing
pressure
during
growing
international
alarm
about
the
impact
of
plastic
waste
on
the
environment.
在国际社会日益关注塑料废物对环境的影响之际,
乐高公司面临着越来越大的压力。
【词块积累】
(1)raise/sound
the
alarm
发出警报;
报警
in
alarm
惊恐地
(2)be
alarmed
at/by.
.
.
对……感到忧虑或害怕
be
alarmed
to
do
sth.
害怕做某事
①They
were
alarmed
at/by
the
trade
war
between
China
and
the
United
States.
?
他们对中美贸易战感到忧虑。
②They
were
alarmed
to
find
their
house
burnt
up.
发现房子被烧光了,
他们大惊失色。
?
③They
first
sounded/raised
the
alarm
about
the
problem
of
nuclear
waste
in
1955.
?
他们在1955年首次对核废料的问题发出警报。
4.
reflect
v.
显示,
反映;
反射(声、光、热等);
表达
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)As
the
small
boat
moved
gently
along
the
river
he
was
left
speechless
by
the
mountains
being
silently
reflected
in
the
water.
当小船在河上轻轻移动时,
山在水中的倒影使他一时语塞。
【词块积累】
(1)reflect
on/upon
sth.
认真思考……
(2)reflection
n.
反映;
映像;
沉思,
深思
on/upon
reflection
经再三思考
(3)reflective
adj.
深思的,
沉思的;
(指物体表面)反光的
①Before
I
decide,
I
need
time
to
reflect
on
the
problem.
?
在做决定之前,
我需要时间认真思考一下这个问题。
②Usually
a
child’s
behavior
is
a
reflection
of
his
family
environment.
通常一个孩子的表现是他的家庭环境的反映。
③On
reflection,
we
decided
to
change
our
plan.
?
再三考虑后,
我们决定改变计划。
【巧学助记】
The
light
was
reflected
from
the
water
into
my
eyes.
White
clouds
were
reflected
in
the
lake.
Sitting
by
the
lake,
I
was
reflecting
on
what
my
mom
said.
On
reflection,
I
decided
to
accept
her
suggestion.
光从水中反射进我的眼睛,
白云映照在湖中。坐在湖边,
我在考虑妈妈的话。沉思后,
我决定接受她的建议。
【词源趣谈】
reflect反射;
反映,
映出;
显示,
表明;
认真思考,
反省
来源于拉丁语中由前缀re-(回)和基本动词flectere(弯曲)组成的复合词reflectere(折回)。
词根词缀:
re-回+-flect弯曲
→
折回
Emperor
Li
Shimin
compared
Wei
Zheng
to
a
mirror,
who
can
reflect
his
gains
and
losses.
李世民把魏征比作镜子,
因为他可以反映自己的得失。
5.
Neither
is
there
pine
nor
apple
in
pineapple.
Pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。
【句式解构】
本句中neither.
.
.
nor.
.
.
意为“既不……也不……”,
其含义是否定的,
可连接任意两个并列的成分。
①Neither
the
parents
nor
their
son
was
satisfied
with
the
result.
父母和他们的儿子都对结果不满意。
②Neither
did
Peter
want
the
responsibility,
nor
did
his
wife.
彼得不想承担责任,
他的妻子也不想。?
③Neither
Anna
nor
I
am
interested
in
high
finance.
?
安娜和我对高级金融都不感兴趣。
妙用neither.
.
.
nor.
.
.
和neither
(1)neither.
.
.
nor.
.
.
连接两个主语时,
谓语动词的单复数应和邻近的主语一致,
遵循“就近原则”;
(2)neither可以单独作主语,
表示“两者都不”;
(3)表示“一个人没有做某事,
另一个人也没做同一类事”时,
可用neither或nor引导的部分倒装句作简略回答,
其结构为:
Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语。
6.
That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out,
they
are
visible,
but
when
the
lights
are
out,
they
are
invisible.
那就是为什么星星出来时是看得见的,
灯灭了是看不见的。?
【句式解构】
本句中That
is
why.
.
.
意为“那就是……的原因”;
why引导表语从句,
表示结果;
That指代上文提到的事实。
①He’s
more
of
a
talker
than
a
doer.
This
is
why
he
never
finishes
anything.
与其说他是个实干家,
不如说他是个空谈家。这就是他从来完不成任何事情的原因。?
②This
is
because
each
mirror
reflected
the
picture
in
the
other
mirror.
?
这是因为每一面镜子都反射了另一面镜子中的图像。
③The
reason
why
he
was
absent
from
the
party
was
that
he
had
trouble
starting
his
car.
?
他缺席晚会的原因是他发动汽车有困难。
(1)It/This/That
is/was
why.
.
.
这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句,
表示结果)
(2)It/This/That
is/was
because.
.
.
这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句,
表示原因)
(3)The
reason
why.
.
.
is/was
that.
.
.
……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语;
that引导表语从句,
表示原因)
【要点拾遗】
1.
behavior
n.
举止,
行为
(教材原句)
If
harmless
actions
are
the
opposite
of
harmful
actions,
why
are
shameless
and
shameful
behaviors
the
same?
如果harmless
actions是harmful
actions的反义词,
为什么shameless和shameful是同义词?
【词块积累】
(1)behave
v.
表现
behave
oneself
守规矩;
表现得体
behave
as
if.
.
.
举止好像……
behave
well/badly
to/towards
sb.
对待某人好/差
(2)well-behaved
adj.
行为端正的;
乖乖的
①My
mother
asked
me
to
behave
myself
before
the
guests.
我的母亲要求我在客人面前表现得体一些。?
②They
behaved
badly
to/towards
me
at
the
party,
which
made
me
very
angry.
?
他们在晚会上对我很不好,
这使我很生气。
③People
here
are
also
very
orderly
and
well-behaved.
I
always
feel
that
everyone
should
enjoy
freedom,
but
some
rules
should
be
followed.
这里的人也很有秩序,
行为端正。我一直认为每个人都应该享有自由,
但有些规矩应该遵守。
④Many
people
behave
as
if
humans
are
the
master
of
nature,
but
it
is
not
the
truth.
许多人表现得好像人类是大自然的主人,
但事实并非如此。?
【巧学助记】
Rui
Yang
is
a
well-behaved
boy
and
behaves
himself
almost
everywhere.
But
his
neighbors
are
worried
about
his
behaviors
and
they
think
Rui
Yang
sometimes
behaves
as
if
he
is
a
little
foolish
and
dull
in
front
of
others.
The
neighbors
are
criticizing
his
parents
for
being
too
strict
with
him.
芮扬是一个举止得体的男孩,
几乎每到一个地方都表现得很乖。但是他的邻居很担心他的行为,
认为他有时候在别人面前表现得有点傻,
有点无趣。邻居们都批评他的父母对他要求太严苛。
2.
creativity
n.
创造性,
创造力
(教材原句)
English
was
invented
by
people,
not
computers,
and
it
reflects
the
creativity
of
the
human
race.
(P15)
英语是人而不是电脑发明的,
它反映了人类的创造力。
【导图理词】
①I
regard
creativity
both
as
a
gift
and
as
a
skill.
我认为创造力既是一种天赋也是一种技巧。
②The
Internet
has
created
thousands
of
millionaires,
but
Berners-Lee
is
not
one
of
them.
互联网创造了数以千计的百万富翁,
但贝尔纳斯·李并不是其中之一。?
③Life
is
the
source
of
literary
creation.
?
生活是文学创作的源泉。
④The
writing
of
poems,
stories
and
plays
is
often
called
creative
writing.
诗歌、小说和剧本的写作常常被称为创作。
【易混辨析】
create
有目的地把原材料制成新产品,
也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物
invent
通过想象、研究、劳动而创造出前所未有的东西,
尤指科技上的发明创造
discover
发现原来存在,
但尚未被人发现或认知的事物
3.
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事费劲,
有困难
(经典例句)Teenagers
who
drop
out
of
high
school
have
trouble
finding
jobs.
中学辍学的青少年难找工作。
【词块积累】
have
trouble/difficulty
with
sth.
/(in)
doing
sth.
做某事费劲,
有困难
have
a
problem/problems
with
sth.
/
(in)
doing
sth.
在……方面/做某事有问题
have
a
good/hard
time
with
sth.
/
(in)
doing
sth.
在……方面/做某事有快乐/艰难的时光
①If
you
have
trouble
with
a
lesson,
repeat
it
the
next
day.
?
如果你学习一节课有困难,
第二天要重复学习这一课。
②I
never
have
trouble
(in)
sleeping
in
a
strange
place.
?
我在陌生的地方睡觉从来没有困难。
③I
have
trouble/
difficulty/problems
(in)
communicating
with
foreigners.
我与外国人交流有困难。?
4.
fill
in
填写,
填入
(经典例句)Could
you
please
kindly
give
me
an
instruction
on
how
to
fill
in
these
application
forms?
您能不能给我些指示教教我如何填这些申请表?
【词块积累】
fill
out
填写
fill.
.
.
(up)
with.
.
.
把……用……充满
be
filled
with/be
full
of
充满(表状态)
①(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Filled
with
curiosity,
the
artist
packed
his
bags
and
left.
?
怀着好奇心,
艺术家收拾行囊离开了。
②You
will
be
asked
to
fill
in
a
form
with
details
of
your
birth
and
occupation.
?
你会被要求填写一张有关你的出生和职业详情的表格。
③The
baby
was
filled
with
alarm
at
the
darkness
and
the
noise.
?
婴儿对黑暗和噪音充满了惊恐。
1.
China
is
clearly
a
rising
economic,
political
and
cultural
power
in
the
world;
no
one
should
be
confused
on
this
subject.
中国显然是一个正在崛起的世界经济、政治和文化强国,
在这个问题上任何人都不应感到困惑。
2.
Venice
also
struggles
with
slovenly
behavior
by
the
millions
of
tourists
who
visit
each
year
and
has
stiff
fines
for
people
who
jump
in
canals
or
off
bridges,
or
picnic
in
public
places.
威尼斯也受到每年到访的数百万游客的邋遢行为的困扰,
并对跳进运河、跳桥或在公共场所野餐的人处以高额罚款。
3.
The
time-travel
comedy
Hi,
Mom
reflects
on
how
the
daughter
Jia
Xiaoling
misses
her
late
mother
Li
Huanying.
时空穿越喜剧电影《你好,
李焕英》寄托了女儿贾晓玲对已故母亲李焕英的思念。
Ⅰ.
语段填词
1.
Harmful
and
harmless
(无害的)
are
an
opposing
(相反的)
pair.
Please
learn
it
by
heart.
2.
Every
night
before
going
to
bed,
I
wind
(上发条)
my
alarm(闹钟).
But
this
morning,
it
didn’t
ring,
which
was
confusing(令人困惑的).
3.
What
he
did
reflected(显示)
his
creativity(创造性),
which
impressed
every
person
present
at
the
meeting.
4.
Many
people
think
his
behavior(行为)
is
unique(独特的)
to
them.
5.
The
organisms
are
invisible(看不见的),
which
can
be
visible(看得见的)
with
a
microscope.
Ⅱ.
单句语法填空
1.
Africa
is
the
continent
with
the
largest
number
of
developing
countries.
2.
About
60
percent
of
people
have
English
as
their
first
language,
while
24
percent
claim
French.
3.
She
asked
me
whether
I
had
returned
the
books
to
the
library,
and
I
admitted
that
I
hadn’t.
4.
Speaking(speak)
of
the
US
dollar,
I
think
this
is
what
we
should
worry
about.
5.
The
instructions
on
the
book
are
very
confusing(confuse).
6.
Life
is
not
fairy
tales
in
which
everyone
will
have
a
happy
ending.
7.
The
start
of
a
new
year
is
a
good
time
to
reflect
on
the
many
achievements
of
the
past.
8.
There
may
be
a
link
between
madness
and
creativity(creative).
9.
I
left
my
handbag
on
the
train,
but
luckily
someone
gave
it
to
a
railway
official.
10.
She
sat
in
the
car,
feeling
very
annoyed
at
the
traffic
jam.
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
What/How
about
sending
him
an
email?
?
给他发一封电子邮件怎么样?
2.
Neither
his
mother
nor
his
father
spoke
English.
?
他的母亲和父亲都不说英语。
3.
Breakfast
is
really
very
important
for
us.
That’s
why
we
should
eat
breakfast
on
time
every
day.
早餐对我们来说真的非常重要。那就是我们应该每天按时吃早餐的原因。?
4.
With
the
boy
leading
the
way,
we
had
no
trouble
(in)
getting
to
the
station.
?
由这个男孩带路,
我们到达车站毫无困难。
5.
In
my
free
time,
I
often
go
to
the
playground
to
play
football.
在业余时间,
我经常去操场踢足球。?
Ⅳ.
结合课文主题,
使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文
现如今,
很多英语学习有困难(have
trouble
in)的中国学生一直在问一个令人困扰的(confusing)问题:
为什么我要学英语?
尽管英语既不是说的人数(the
number
of)最多的语言,
也不是(neither.
.
.
nor)我们的母语,
但是英语是全世界(around
the
world)使用最频繁的语言。毫无疑问,
英语作为国际语言在各个领域中扮演着重要的角色。那就是为什么(That’s
why.
.
.
)我们应该学好英语。
Nowadays,
many
Chinese
students
who
have
trouble
in
learning
English
have
been
asking
a
confusing
question:
Why
do
I
learn
English?
Although
English
is
neither
the
language
with
the
largest
number
of
speakers
nor
our
mother
tongue,
it
is
the
most
frequently
used
language
around
the
world.
There
is
no
doubt
that
English
plays
an
important
role
as
an
international
language
in
every
field.
That’s
why
we
should
learn
English
well.
?
PAGEUnit
2
Exploring
English
Using
language
构词法(Word
formation)
A:
What
is
the
nurse①doing?
B:
She
is
nursing②
the
patient③.
A:
Is
she
patient④?
B:
Yes,
she
is.
She
is
a
kind-hearted⑤
person,
so
she
treats
every
patient
very
patiently⑥.
观察上面对话,
并按顺序写出黑体词的词性及词义。
①nurse
词性:
名词 词义:
护士
②nurse
词性:
动词 词义:
护理
③patient
词性:
名词 词义:
病人
④patient
词性:
形容词 词义:
耐心的
⑤kind-hearted词性:
形容词 词义:
好心的,
善良的
⑥patiently
词性:
副词 词义:
耐心地
构词法是单词构成的基本规律,
有辅助记忆、以熟带生、以生通熟的作用。按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法(Conversion)、合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、首尾缩略法(Abbreviation)等。
一、转化法
英语中一个词由一种词类转到另一种或几种词类而不发生词形的变化,
称为转化法。
1.
名词转化为动词
(1)身体部位
arm
n.
手臂 →v.
武装;
装备
back
n.
背
→v.
倒退;
支持
eye
n.
眼睛
→v.
注视
face
n.
脸
→v.
面对
finger
n.
手指
→v.
触摸,
用手指弹
head
n.
头
→v.
朝……去
hand
n.
手
→v.
交出;
传递
shoulder
n.
肩膀
→v.
肩负;
承担
nose
n.
鼻子
→v.
闻出;
觉察
When
the
hero
came
in,
all
people
eyed
him.
当那位英雄进来时,
所有的人都注视着他。
Many
of
his
friends
backed
his
plan.
他的很多朋友支持他的计划。
(2020·天津高考)We
are
adults
who
have
to
shoulder
responsibilities
and
face
challenges
bravely
in
the
future
life
and
study.
我们是成年人,
在未来的生活和学习中要勇敢地承担责任和面对挑战。
(2)身份职业
brother
n.
兄弟 →v.
像兄弟般对待
doctor
n.
医生
→v.
诊治
fool
n.
傻瓜
→v.
愚弄
guard
n.
卫兵
→v.
守护
host
n.
主人
→v.
主办
mother
n.
母亲
→v.
悉心照顾
nurse
n.
护士
→v.
护理
She
nursed
her
husband
back
to
health.
她照料她的丈夫恢复了健康。
The
dog
was
guarding
its
owner’s
luggage.
这只狗守护着它的主人的行李。
(3)地点场所
house
n.
房子
→v.
为……提供住处
room
n.
房间;
空间
→v.
租住房间
The
government
has
built
new
houses
to
house
the
homeless
people.
政府建了新房子给无家可归的人提供住处。
(4)工具装置
paper
n.
纸
→v.
用纸包装
pen
n.
钢笔
→v.
(用钢笔)写
book
n.
书籍
→v.
预订
ship
n.
船
→v.
用船运输
knife
n.
刀
→v.
用刀切
can
n.
罐
→v.
装进罐子
box
n.
箱子;
盒子
→v.
把……装进箱/盒子
bottle
n.
瓶子
→v.
用瓶装
She
penned
a
few
words
of
thanks.
她写了几句致谢的话。
The
company
ships
its
goods
all
over
the
world.
公司把货物运往世界各地。
These
oranges
were
boxed
and
sent
off
quickly.
这些橘子被装箱,
然后迅速地发走。
(5)物质名词
air
n.
空气
→v.
通风
cash
n.
现金
→v.
兑现
rain
n.
雨
→v.
下雨
water
n.
水
→v.
浇水
flower
n.
花
→v.
开花
oil
n.
油
→v.
加油
root
n.
根
→v.
扎根
dust
n.
灰尘
→v.
拂去灰尘
picture
n.
图画
→v.
描绘;
想象
These
trees
need
to
be
watered.
这些树需要被浇水。
It
was
raining
heavily
when
we
arrived
there.
当我们到达那里时正在下大雨。
(6)抽象名词
anger
n.
愤怒
→v.
使发怒
number
n.
数字
→v.
给……编号
lunch
n.
午饭
→v.
吃午饭
hunger
n.
渴求;
渴望
→v.
渴望
time
n.
时间
→v.
计时,
安排时间
Their
words
angered
me
greatly.
他们的话使我非常愤怒。
名词转化为动词后的发音
有些名词转化为动词时形式不变,
但读音会发生变化。例如:
house
n.
/ha?s/→
v.
/ha?z/use
n.
/ju?s/→v.
/ju?z/
2.
三种其他转化
(1)动词转化为名词
try
v.
尝试 →n.
尝试
look
v.
看
→n.
表情
swim
v.
游泳
→n.
游泳
walk
v.
散步
→n.
散步
build
v.
建筑
→n.
体形
Let’s
go
out
for
a
walk.
我们出去散散步吧。
Our
builds
are
similar.
我们的体形相似。
(2)形容词转化为名词
dear
adj.
昂贵的
→n.
可爱的人
total
adj.
全部的
→n.
总数
quiet
adj.
安静的
→n.
安静
blue
adj.
蓝色的
→n.
蓝色
She
was
dressed
in
blue.
她穿着蓝色衣服。
(3)形容词转化为动词
dirty
adj.
脏的
→v.
弄脏
slow
adj.
慢的
→v.
放慢,
减慢
dry
adj.
干的
→v.
变干
correct
adj.
正确的
→v.
纠正
further
adj.
深一层的
→v.
促进
free
adj.
自由的
→v.
解放,
使自由
wrong
adj.
错误的
→v.
弄错,
使委屈
Culture
has
furthered
the
advance
of
language.
文化促进了语言的发展。
The
train
slowed
down
to
half
of
its
speed.
火车速度减慢了一半。
有些单词的词性转化后,
词的发音发生了变化。例如:
句型转换
(1)We
had
lunch
together
after
the
meeting.
→We
lunched
together
after
the
meeting.
(2)Let’s
fill
the
water
into
this
bottle.
→Let’s
bottle
the
water.
(3)You
are
so
fat
that
you
have
to
go
on
a
diet.
→You
are
so
fat
that
you
have
to
diet.
(4)Snow
often
falls
in
my
hometown
in
winter.
→It
often
snows
in
my
hometown
in
winter.
写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
1.
I
emptied
out
my
pockets
but
could
not
find
my
keys.
(腾空,
倒空)
2.
If
you
want
to
be
promoted
you
have
to
show
that
you
can
shoulder
the
responsibility.
(肩负,
承担)
3.
Reporters
nosed
out
all
the
details
of
the
affair.
(侦查)
4.
British
officials
have
booked
hotel
rooms
for
the
women
and
children.
(预订)
5.
The
work
he
produced
early
in
his
career
has
never
really
been
bettered.
(胜过,
超过)
6.
We
are
proud
to
get
the
chance
to
host
the
Olympic
Games.
(举办)
7.
I
think
we
should
wait
until
tempers
have
cooled.
(平静下来,
平息)
8.
The
government
is
committed
to
housing
the
refugees.
(给……提供住房)
9.
We
found
it
hard
to
picture
him
as
the
father
of
teenage
sons.
(描绘,
想象)
10.
We’ll
ship
your
order
to
the
address
we
print
on
your
cheques.
(用船运送)
二、合成法
合成法,
即两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,
前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。
1.
合成名词
名词+名词
weekend周末 bookmark书签
名词+动名词
handwriting书法 sightseeing观光
名词+动词+-er
painkiller镇痛剂storyteller讲故事的人
动词+名词
typewriter打字机 postmark邮戳
形容词+名词
gentleman绅士
名词+动词
handshake握手;
sunset日落
介词+名词
by-product副产品
副词+动词
income收入 output产量,
输出
动词+副词
clean-up
打扫 check-up检查
合成名词的复数形式
以不可数名词结尾的合成名词无复数形式
homework
以man或woman修饰的合成名词变复数时,
前后两个名词都变成复数
woman
doctor→women
doctorsman
waiter→men
waiters
以两个名词构成的合成名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外),
一般把后面的名词变成复数
boyfriend→boyfriendspaper
bag→paper
bags
以“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的合成名词变复数时,
把前面的名词变成复数
sister-in-law→sisters-in-law
以“动词/过去分词+副词”构成的合成名词变复数时,
在结尾加-s
grown-up→grown-upsstand-by→stand-bys
2.
合成形容词
名词+形容词
lifelong终身的,
毕生的snow-white雪白的
名词+v.
-ing
English-speaking讲英语的nature-loving热爱自然的
名词+过去分词
fun-filled充满乐趣的man-made人造的
形容词+v.
-ing
good-looking相貌好看的
形容词+v.
-ed
strong-minded意志坚强的absent-minded心不在焉的electric-powered电动的
副词+过去分词
well-educated受过良好教育的newly-made新建的well-known著名的
副词+v.
-ing
hard-working
勤劳的
介词+名词/动词-ing
underlying含蓄的,
潜在的in-vehicle汽车内的
过去分词+副词
built-in内置的,
固有的
3.
合成动词
形容词+动词
whitewash用石灰水刷白
副词+动词
overcome战胜 overthrow推翻
名词+动词
sleep-walk梦游
4.
合成副词
形容词+副词
everywhere到处 somehow不知何故
副词+副词
however然而
介词+副词
forever永远
介词+名词
beforehand预先 downstairs在楼下
5.
合成介词
副词+名词
inside在……里 outside在……外
介词+副词
throughout遍及 within在……之内
副词+介词
into到……里 upon在……之上
6.
合成代词
代词宾格+self
herself她自己 himself他自己
物主代词+self
myself我自己 yourself你自己
形容词+名词
everything一切东西
翻译下列合成名词
(1)snowfall
下雪
(2)horse-riding
骑马
(3)greenhouse
温室
(4)reading
room
阅览室
(5)day
dreaming
白日梦
(6)son-in-law
女婿
(7)shoe-maker
鞋匠
(8)motorway
高速公路
(9)rooftop
屋顶
(10)runway
跑道
(11)highway
公路,
大路
(12)push-up
俯卧撑
三、派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫派生法。
1.
常用前缀
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有:
dis-,
il-,
im-,
in-,
ir-,
mis-,
non-,
un-等,
在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
legal合法的→illegal非法的
possible可能的→impossible不可能的
regular规则的→irregular不规则的
(2)其他意义的前缀
表示其他意义的前缀常用的有:
a-表状态;
for-,
fore-先,
前,
预;
inter-间,
相互;
micro-微;
mid-中;
mini-微型的;
re-重,
再,
复;
super-上,
超;
tele-远距离的
sleep睡觉→asleep睡着的 see看见→foresee预见
national国家的→international
国际的
film影片→microfilm
微型胶片
(3)改变词性的前缀有:
en-,
de-,
be-,
a-,
out-等。en-前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词;
de-前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词,
其意义大多和原名词相反;
be-前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词;
a-前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前,
构成形容词或副词;
out-前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词,
加在动词之前构成名词。
large大的→enlarge扩大 board甲板→aboard在船上
2.
常用后缀
(1)名词后缀
构成名词的后缀常用的有-ance,
-ence,
-ese(表某地人或语言),
-er/-or/-ist(表人),
-ess(雌性),
-ian(精通……的人),
-ist(专业人员),
-ment(性质;
状态),
-ness(性质;
状态),
-tion(动作;
过程)等。
clean清扫→cleaner清洁工 visit拜访→visitor来访者
important重要的→importance重要,
重要性
(2)形容词后缀
构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,
-able(有能力的),
-(a)n(某国人的),
-en(多用于表示材料的名词后),
-ern(表示方向),
-ese(某国人的),
-ful,
-(ic)al,
-ish,
-ive,
-less
(表示否定),
-like(像……的),
-ly,
-ous,
-some,
-y(表示天气)等。
nature自然→natural自然的
reason理由→reasonable合理的
China中国→Chinese中国人的 gold金子→golden金的
(3)副词后缀
构成副词的常用后缀有-ly
(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),
-ward(s)
(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。
angry生气的→angrily生气地 east东方→eastward向东
(4)动词后缀
构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后),
-fy(使……化),
-ize(使……成为)。
wide宽的→widen加宽
beauty美人,
美好→beautify美化
语法填空
(1)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
Museums
must
compete
for
people’s
spare
time
and
money
with
other
amusements
(amusement).
(2)(2020·全国Ⅱ卷
)
Chinese
New
Year
is
a
celebration
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.
(3)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
Historical
accuracy
(accurate)is
important
but
so
is
entertainment.
?
(4)If
we
human
beings
keep
on
killing
the
wildlife
some
animals
will
disappear
(appear)
completely.
四、首尾缩略法
首尾缩略法,
即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式,
即各字母分别读音;
作为一个单词读音。
very
important
person→VIP非常重要的人;
大人物
television→TV电视
Information
Technology→IT信息技术
首尾字母缩略的8种情形
(1)单个单词截取其首字母
(2)多个单词构成的词组截取各个单词的首字母
(3)不含虚词的词组,
截取各个单词的首字母
(4)含虚词的词组,
截取实词首字母,
虚词省略
(5)含虚词的词组,
截取实词和虚词首字母
(6)含虚词的词组,
截取实词首字母,
虚词照写
(7)截取句子的每个单词的首字母
(8)ex缩略为X
写出下列词汇的缩略词
1.
Voice
of
America→VOA
2.
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration→NASA
3.
World
Trade
Organization→WTO
4.
United
Nations
Educational,
Scientific,
and
Cultural
Organization→UNESCO
5.
Chief
Executive
Officer→CEO
6.
Intensive
Care
Unit→ICU
7.
Electronic
Toll
Collection→ETC
8.
Most
Valuable
Player→MVP
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
Take
the
medicine
twice
(two)
a
day
after
meals.
?
2.
I
can
never
find
the
difference
(differ)
between
the
twins.
?
3.
Only
in
this
way
can
a
new
generation
be
healthily(healthy)
brought
up.
4.
Of
all
the
subjects,
which
do
you
think
is
the
most
difficult
(difficult)?
?
5.
Tim
will
come
back
on
the
twelfth
(twelve)day
of
next
month.
?
6.
A
foreigner
(foreign)
came
to
visit
our
school
last
Friday.
?
7.
At
the
beginning
(begin)
of
the
class,
Mr
Tang
told
us
a
funny
story.
?
8.
This
is
a
new
programme
to
enable
(able)
older
people
to
study
at
college.
?
9.
It’s
very
dangerous
(danger)
to
cross
a
busy
street.
10.
Jane’s
mother
looked
tired
and
worried
(worry).
?
Ⅱ.
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入括号中所给单词的正确形式
When
we
read
newspapers,
we
often
come
across
such
English
words
as
“AIDS”
and
“PK”.
When
we
watch
TV,
we
1.
frequently
(frequent)
hear
words
like
“NBA”
or
“PM
2.
5”.
When
we
speak,
we
automatically
use
words
like
“OUT”
or
“Bye-bye”.
English
words
and
2.
expressions
(express)
like
these
are
enjoying
3.
popularity
(popular).
They
have
already
become
part
of
our
4.
daily
(day)
language.
And
239
English
words
have
been
included
in
the
latest
Modern
Chinese
Dictionary.
The
inclusion
has
started
a
heated
5.
discussion
(discuss).
A
group
of
scholars
signed
a
letter
of
complaint
over
the
inclusion
of
these
English
words,
which,
they
think,
goes
against
Chinese
language
policies.
They
not
only
worry
that
Chinese
is
borrowing
an
6.
increasing
(increase)
number
of
English
words
but
are
also
7.
concerned
(concern)
that
the
inclusion
may
hurt
the
dignity
of
the
Chinese
language.
However,
others
8.
approve
(disapprove)
of
the
inclusion
because
it
is
hard
to
say
whether
it
will
9.
threaten
(threat)
the
Chinese
language.
They
believe
the
10.
selection
(select)
is
mostly
a
result
of
their
function
and
use
in
daily
life.
Ⅰ.
写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
1.
No
one
nosed
the
danger
before
the
earthquake.
(察觉)
2.
He
was
a
disturbed
child
who
needed
mothering.
(悉心照顾)
3.
Which
country
is
to
host
the
next
Olympic
Games?
(主办)
4.
Women
have
an
equal
say
in
everything.
(发言权)
5.
We
will
try
our
best
to
better
our
living
conditions.
(改善)
6.
When
I
passed
his
room,
I
saw
him
papering
the
wall.
(用纸糊)
7.
Their
jobless
total
reached
a
record
high
since
1940.
(总数)
8.
If
they
are
nursed
properly,
the
plants
will
flower
in
early
spring.
(护理)
(开花)
9.
He
fooled
a
lot
of
people
into
believing
that
he
was
noble-minded.
(欺骗)
(品德高尚的)
10.
(2020·浙江高考)A
few
minutes
later,
the
bear
headed
back
to
our
camp.
(前往)
Ⅱ.
语法填空
It
has
been
1.
exactly
(exact)
one
year
since
I
returned
from
Senegal.
Volunteering
has
helped
me
understand
what
is
2.
important
(import)
to
me
and
how
to
live
a
happy
life.
In
the
past,
I
followed
the
common
path:
from
school
to
university.
It’s
not
that
I
didn’t
enjoy
these
experiences,
but
that
I
had
been
led
down
that
path
by
the
3.
expectations
(expect)
from
my
parents
and
teachers
rather
than
my
own
4.
ambitions
(ambitious).
Therefore,
after
graduating
from
university,
I
decided
to
achieve
something
more
5.
beneficial
(benefit)—something
that
would
help
the
wider
community.
Having
applied
for
6.
International
(national)
Citizen
Service,
then
I
went
to
Kaolack,
Senegal
with
Y
Care
International,
where
I
worked
as
a
member
of
a
team
of
UK
and
Senegalese
volunteers
helping
improve
the
lives
of
the
local
young
people.
I
spent
time
working
on
the
Act
2
Live
Project
and
assisting
all
kinds
of
similar
7.
organizations
(organize)
in
their
work
to
improve
the
lives
of
the
poor.
By
far,
the
most
rewarding
aspect
of
my
volunteering
was
supporting
the
amazing
people
of
Kaolack.
Working
on
a
wide
8.
variety
(various)
of
tasks
and
living
in
a
different
culture
have
a
positive
effect
on
my
9.
development
(develop).
Thanks
to
volunteering,
I
was
able
to
find
10.
confidence
(confident)
as
a
young
adult,
learn
new
skills
and
enrich
my
life.
利用构词法知识,
结合中英文提示补全短文。
Li
Hua,
my
1.
classmate
(同班同学),
is
2.
hard-working
(勤奋的).
To
improve
his
listening
skills,
every
day
he
gets
up
at
six
and
listens
to
3.
VOA
(美国之音).
What’s
more,
he
is
also
4.
warm-hearted
(热情的)
and
willing
to
help
others.
On
his
way
to
school
yesterday,
he
came
across
a
5.
homeless
(home)
person
and
6.
handed
(递给)
100
yuan
to
him.
He
set
an
example
to
us
students.
Activity
1 American
and
British
English?
话题情境
根据提示补全对话。
A和B两个人正在讨论美式英语和英式英语的区别……
A:
American
English
today
1.
is
different
from
British
English(和英式英语不同)in
several
ways.
?
B:
Yes,
it
is
mostly
in
2.
spelling
and
vocabulary(拼写和词汇).
?
A:
Can
you
list
some
examples
of
different
spellings
in
American
and
British
English?
B:
3.
Theatre
is
spelt
in
British
English
while
theater
in
American
English(theatre是英式英语的拼写,
而theater是美式英语的拼写).
?
A:
Can
you
share
me
some
differences
in
vocabulary?
B:
For
example,
Americans
talk
about
4.
putting
gas
in
their
cars(给汽车加油)
and
5.
driving
along
the
highway(沿公路行驶),
whereas
in
the
UK,
people
talk
about
putting
petrol
in
their
cars
and
driving
along
the
motorway.
?
A:
Does
it
6.
make
an
American
confused(让美国人困惑)when
he
is
in
England?
?
B:
Usually
people
from
the
two
countries
can
understand
each
other
from
the
context.
话题词汇
1.
be
different
in
several
ways 在几个方面有所不同
2.
use
different
words
使用不同的单词
3.
put
petrol
in
the
cars
给汽车加汽油
4.
drive
along
the
motorway
沿高速公路行驶
5.
take
the
lift
to.
.
.
乘电梯去……
6.
travel
on
the
underground
乘地铁旅行
7.
live
in
an
apartment
住在公寓里
8.
understand
sb.
from
the
context
根据上下文理解某人
9.
have
a
friendly
argument
进行友好的争论
Activity
2 Unfamiliar
English
expressions?
教材听力填空(听音频补全对话)
Presenter:
Conversation
1
A:
I’m
going
to
buy
something
to
eat
from
the
restaurant
downstairs.
Would
you
like
anything?
B:
Oh
yes,
please.
Could
you
order
me
some
dim
sum?
A:
Some
what?
B:
Dim
sum.
A:
What
kind
of
food
is
that?
B:
It’s
a
kind
of
1.
traditional
Chinese
food
from
South
China,
including
dumplings,
spring
rolls,
meatballs
and
so
on.
?
A:
Oh,
I
see.
So
“2.
dim
sum”comes
from
Chinese?
?
B:
Yes,
that’s
right.
In
fact,
it
comes
from
the
Guangdong
dialect.
In
Mandarin
or
Putonghua
it
would
be
“dian
xin”.
A:
Well,
it
sounds
good!
Maybe
I’ll
order
that
as
well.
.
.
Presenter:
Conversation
2
A:
3.
How
was
the
movie?
?
B:
It
was
great,
but
someone
in
front
of
me
was
talking
so
loudly
on
her
phone.
A:
How
cellfish!
B:
Yes,
4.
I
agree.
Very
selfish.
?
A:
Ah,
do
you
know
what
I
mean
by
“cellfish”?
B:
Of
course!
When
you
say
“selfish”,
you
mean
only
caring
about
yourself
and
not
about
other
people,
right?
A:
That’s
what
“selfish”
with
an
“s”
means,
but
I’m
talking
about
“cellfish”
starting
with
the
letter
“c”.
B:
I
haven’t
heard
that
word
before.
What
does
it
mean?
A:
It
means
using
a
cellphone
in
a
way
that
shows
you
don’t
care
about
the
other
people
around
you.
B:
That’s
interesting.
How
do
you
spell
it?
A:
C-E-L-L-F-I-S-H.
It’s
the
words
“cellphone”
and
“selfish”put
together.
B:
Oh,
I
see.
.
.
Presenter:
Conversation
3
[SFX
of
someone
pressing
mobile
phone
keys,
followed
by
a
chime
indicating
a
new
message]
A:
Darling,
could
you
take
a
look
at
this
message
from
Lucy?
I
have
no
idea
what
she’s
talking
about.
.
.
again.
B:
What
has
she
said?
A:
Well,
I
told
her
a
joke
that
Bob
told
me
today
at
the
office,
and,
as
you
see,
she
replied
“LOL”.
What’s
that
for?
B:
Oh,
LOL!
It’s
a
shorter
way
of
saying
“5.
laugh
out
loud”.
?
A:
I’ve
never
seen
or
heard
that
before.
Where
does
it
come
from?
B:
It
was
first
used
on
the
Internet.
You
use
it
to
show
you
think
something
is
very
funny.
A:
Oh,
okay.
B:
6.
Keep
up
with
the
times,
darling!
?
情境句式
1.
Many
new
words
are
added
to
English
dictionaries
every
year.
每年英语词典都要加很多新词。
2.
It
is
a
kind
of
traditional.
.
.
这是一种传统的……
3.
You
want
to
communicate
.
.
.
你想要交流……
4.
Make
sure
the
words
you
use
are
appropriate
for
the
situation.
确保你用的词是适合语境的。
5.
The
word
is
a
combination
of.
.
.
这个词是由……合成的。
6.
What
is
the
origin
of
the
word?
这个词的由来是什么?
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