Unit
6
At
one
with
nature
Developing
ideas?
Ⅰ.
必备单词:
根据提示填写单词
1.
replace
agriculture 取代农业
2.
building
materials
建筑材料
3.
the
structure
of
the
building
这座建筑物的结构
4.
a
very
grand
house
一座十分富丽堂皇的房子
5.
narrow
streets
狭窄的街道
6.
conditions
in
the
desert
沙漠的环境
7.
wet
climate
潮湿的气候
8.
publish
reference
books
出版工具书
9.
a
medical
expert
一位医学专家
10.
branches
of
a
tree
树枝
11.
rent
me
the
room
把房间租给我
12.
on
the
rooftops
在屋顶上
13.
fruity
flavour
水果味
14.
a
central
heating
system
中央供暖系统
15.
consumer
demand
消费者的需求→
consume
(v.
)
a
large
quantity
of
alcohol
喝大量的酒→domestic
consumption
(n.
)
国内消费
16.
a
top
priority
首要的事情→
prior
(v.
)
to
all
other
activities
优先于所有其他活动
17.
the
limited
resources
有限的资源
→
limit
(v.
)
carbon
dioxide
emissions
限制二氧化碳排放
18.
be
of
benefit
to
everyone
使所有人受益→be
beneficial
(adj.
)
to
health
对健康有益
19.
a
pleasant
climate
令人愉快的气候→
please
(v.
)
everybody
使每个人高兴→be
pleased
(adj.
)
with
her
exam
results
对她的考试成绩很满意→read
for
pleasure
(n.
)读书以自娱
20.
full
of
energy
充满活力→an
energetic
(adj.
)
leader
一位精力充沛的领导
Ⅱ.
必备短语:
英汉双译
1.
把……与……隔开 separate.
.
.
from.
.
.
2.
想出,
解出;
锻炼
work
out?
3.
因……而闻名
be
famous
for?
4.
受……欢迎
be/become
popular
with?
5.
位于;
坐落于
be
located
in?
6.
指的是;
提到
refer
to
7.
用……制成
be
made
from
8.
核实;
查实
check
out
9.
做笔记;
记下来
note
down
10.
使某人想起某事
remind
sb.
of
sth.
必备句式:
翻译课文原句,
并观察黑体部分
1.
These
words
come
from
the
author
of
the
book
The
Secret
Garden,
first
published
in
1911.
这些话出自1911年首次出版的《秘密花园》一书的作者。
2.
Millions
of
Brits
like
to
say
that
they
have
“green
fingers”,
with
around
half
the
population
spending
their
free
time
gardening.
数百万的英国人喜欢说自己擅长园艺,
大约一半的英国人把空闲时间花在园艺上。
3.
Today,
there
are
over
4,
000
people
in
London
waiting
for
such
pieces
of
land.
如今,
伦敦有4
000多人在等着租用这样的土地。?
4.
These
gardens
have
helped
make
the
cities
greener
and
improve
air
quality.
这些花园让城市更绿,
并且改善了空气质量。
框架宏观建构:
整体理解
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
2.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
The
article
is
mainly
about
the
Brits’
love
for
gardening.
文本微观剖析:
细节探究
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)Which
of
the
following
is
true
about
The
Secret
Garden?
A.
It
is
not
famous.
B.
It
teaches
people
how
to
garden.
C.
It
was
first
published
in
1911.
D.
It
was
published
when
most
of
the
people
in
Britain
owned
gardens.
(2)Which
of
the
activity
is
not
mentioned
in
Paragraph
2?
A.
Planting
sunflowers.
B.
Growing
vegetables.
C.
Cutting
the
grass.
D.
Finding
roses.
(3)What
can
we
learn
from
Paragraph
3?
A.
People
are
finding
more
space
to
garden
in
Britain.
B.
Private
gardens
are
limited
in
British
for
air
pollution.
C.
Rooftops
and
walls
have
been
turned
into
private
gardens
in
British.
D.
More
than
4,
000
people
have
rented
some
pieces
of
land
in
London.
(4)Where
can
you
find
the
passage?
A.
A
science
book.
B.
A
magazine.
C.
A
flower
book.
D.
A
leaflet.
答案:
(1)～(4)CDAB
2.
Long
sentence
analysis.
And
while
many
Brits
like
nothing
better
than
spending
their
Sunday
cutting
the
grass(while引导让步状语从句),
some
are
happy
just
to
sit
under
the
branches
of
the
trees
and
enjoy
the
beauty
of
the
world
around
them(不定式作原因状语).
?
译文:
尽管许多英国人喜欢的不过是在星期天割草,
但有些人只是坐在树枝下面享受他们周围世界的美就很高兴了。
阅读思维升华:
主题实践
1.
What
are
the
benefits
of
gardening?
(Critical
Thinking
批判性思维)
Gardening
can
not
only
do
good
for
the
environment,
but
also
make
people
be
in
good
mood.
?
2.
In
what
ways
do
people
bring
nature
to
their
life?
(Creative
Thinking创造性思维)
If
people
have
a
garden,
they
can
plant
some
flowers
or
some
vegetables
there.
If
not,
they
can
buy
some
fresh
flowers
and
place
them
in
the
room,
and
so
on.
?
语篇总结归纳:
主题深化
The
book
The
Secret
Garden,
1.
published(publish)in
1911,
inspires
people
to
plant
flowers.
But
before
that,
only
a
few
people
had
enough
money
2.
to
have(have)
gardens.
Many
houses
have
been
built
3.
with
gardens
and
many
British
people
are
proud
of
their
“green
fingers”.
In
spring
children
like
to
find
the
4.
tallest
(tall)sunflowers.
Some
people
spend
much
time
5.
growing
(grow)their
vegetables
for
competitions.
However,
the
space
on
6.
which
to
grow
things
is
limited
so
people
use
their
rooftops
7.
as
private
gardens.
These
gardens
8.
have
improved
(improve)
the
air
quality
and
people’s
living
9.
conditions(condition)
since
then.
10.
Where
you
tend
a
rose.
.
.
A
thistle
can’t
grow.
?
1.
replace
v.
以……替换,
更换
(2019·天津高考)How
much
time
and
money
would
it
cost
to
replace
the
contents
of
that
little
wallet?
更换那个小钱包里的东西要花多少时间和钱?
【词块积累】
replace
sth.
=take
the
place
of
sth.
代替……
replace.
.
.
with/by.
.
.
用……替换……
be
replaced
by
被……替换
replace.
.
.
as
取代……而成为……
①The
factory
replaced
most
of
its
workers
with
robots.
?
这家工厂用机器人取代了大多数工人。
②Tourism
has
replaced
agriculture
as
the
nation’s
main
industry.
旅游业取代了农业成为这个国家的主要产业。?
③Most
manual
labor
in
the
past
has
been
replaced
by
modern
machines.
?
昔日大部分手工劳动已由现代化的机器所代替。
④Nothing
can
ever
take
the
place
of
real
love
and
family
togetherness.
什么都不能取代真爱与家庭和睦。?
【知识延伸】
英语中表示“代替”的短语还有:
in
place
of;
take
the
place
of;
take
one’s
place。例如:
谁将代替这位医生?
Who
will
replace
the
doctor?
=Who
will
be
in
place
of
the
doctor?
=Who
will
take
the
place
of
the
doctor?
2.
expert
adj.
内行的,
专家的
(教材原句)Expert
gardeners
know
just
the
right
corner
for
roses.
内行的园艺人知道哪个角落适合种植玫瑰。
【词块积累】
(1)be
expert
at 擅长……
(2)expert
n.
专家,
能手
①He
is
expert
at
playing
basketball.
他擅长打篮球。?
②His
father
is
an
expert
engineer,
who
has
won
great
fame
at
home
and
abroad.
?
他的父亲是一位技术高超的工程师,
在国内外享有盛名。
Even
an
expert
sometimes
makes
a
mistake.
老手儿也有失算时。
(所以做事情需要认真)
3.
rent
v.
租用,
租借(rented;
rented)
(教材原句)
Those
without
outside
space
can
rent
small
pieces
of
land
on
which
to
grow
things.
住宅外部没有空间的居民可以租用小块土地种植作物。
【词块积累】
rent
sth.
from
sb.
向某人租用某物
rent
sth.
(out)
to
sb.
出租某物给某人
for
rent
出租;
招租
①I
rented
a
car
from
a
garage
so
that
I
could
get
about.
?
我从汽车修理厂租了一辆车,
以便能够四处走走。
②My
dad
has
a
villa
that
he
rents
(out)
to
tourists.
?
我爸爸有一处乡间小屋出租给游客。
③There
are
many
houses
on
sale
but
few
for
rent.
?
有很多房屋出售,
但出租的却很少。
4.
limited
adj.
有限的
(2019·天津高考)With
a
broader
perspective,
we
will
be
more
free,
more
open-minded,
and
less
limited
in
what
we
can
become!
有了更广阔的视野,
我们将更加自由,
更加开放,
不再局限于我们能成为什么样的人!
【词块积累】
limit
n.
限制;
界限;
限度vt.
限制,
限定
beyond
the
limit
超出限度
without
limit
无限制地
be
limited
to
被限制在……
①The
house
prices
in
the
city
seem
to
soar
up
without
limit.
这个城市的房价好像在无限制地飞涨。?
②We
should
not
push
people
beyond
the
limit
of
their
endurance.
?
我们不应逼得太紧,
以致超出他们的忍耐限度。
③The
benefit
which
the
reservoir
brings
to
the
villagers
is
not
limited
to
agriculture.
?
这水库给村民们带来的好处不限于农业方面。
【要点拾遗】
1.
publish
v.
出版,
发行;
发表,
宣布
(教材原句)
These
words
come
from
the
author
of
the
book
The
Secret
Garden,
first
published
in
1911.
这些话出自1911年首次出版的《秘密花园》一书的作者。
①She’s
just
had
an
article
published
in
their
weekend
supplement.
?
她刚在他们周末版的增刊上发表了一篇文章。
②The
report
will
be
published
on
the
Internet.
?
报告将在互联网上公布。
表达“出版”含义的单词或短语还有:
appear,
come
out等。
2.
benefit
n.
好处,
益处
v.
使受益
(2020·江苏高考)If
you
see
humor
as
an
optional
form
of
entertainment,
you’re
missing
some
of
its
biggest
benefits.
如果你认为幽默是一种可选的娱乐方式,
你就错过了它的一些最大好处。
【词块积累】
beneficial
adj.
有利的,
有益的
for
sb.
’s
benefit
为帮助某人;
为某人的利益
sb.
benefit
(s)
from/by
sth.
某人得益于某物
①This
measure
is
of
great
benefit
to
the
improvement
of
the
job.
此项措施对改进这项工作大有裨益。
②I
have
typed
out
some
lecture
notes
for
the
benefit
of
those
people
who
were
absent
last
week.
?
我帮上星期缺席的人打印了一些上课的要点。
③We
should
spend
the
money
on
something
that
will
benefit
everyone.
?
我们应该把这笔钱花在大家都能得益的事上。
3.
spend.
.
.
doing.
.
.
花费……做某事
(教材原句)Others
spend
hours
trying
to
grow
perfect
vegetables
to
enter
into
competitions.
其他人则花费大量的时间力图种出最完美的蔬菜参加竞赛。
spend指花费金钱、时间、精力等,
主语通常为人或机构,
常用于spend
sth.
on
sth.
/(in)
doing
sth.
结构中。cost
主语通常为事物,
后可接双宾语,
通常不用被动语态。take
主语可以是人,
也可以是事物,
通常以
it
作形式主语,
后可接双宾语。
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The
microorganisms
(微生物)
from
our
bodies
grow
uncontrollably
on
surfaces
of
the
International
Space
Station,
so
astronauts
spend
hours
cleaning
them
up
each
week.
来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长,
因此宇航员每周要花几个小时清理它们。
②This
way,
they
will
have
more
time
to
spend
on
other
things.
这样他们就有更多的时间花在其他事情上。?
③To
my
surprise,
she
should
spend
1,
000
dollars
on
the
bag.
令我惊讶的是,
她竟然花一千美元买那个包。
Ⅰ.
单词拼写
1.
The
old
lady
rented
(租)
me
her
spare
bedroom
for
￡200
a
week.
2.
After
many
years
of
hard
work,
he
overcame
the
language
barrier(障碍).
3.
The
structure(结构)of
this
protein
is
particularly
complex.
4.
She
sailed(航行)
around
the
world
single-handed
in
her
yacht.
5.
The
grand(壮丽的)
sight
of
Mount
Huangshan
is
beyond
description.
6.
These
mysterious
creatures
live
at
the
bottom
of
the
ocean(海洋).
7.
Lectures
have
replaced(代替)
the
old
tutorial
system.
8.
Many
experts(专家)
advocate
rewarding
your
child
for
good
behaviour.
9.
This
is
an
area
of
outstanding
natural
beauty(美).
10.
The
first
edition
was
published(出版)
in
1765.
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
We
want
to
know
whether
the
drug
has
an
effect
on
people’s
health.
(have
an
effect
on)?
我们想知道这药对人们的健康是否有影响。
2.
We
made
him
monitor
of
our
class.
(make+宾语+宾语补足语)我们让他当我们的班长。?
3.
The
company
has
spent
thousands
of
pounds
updating
the
computer
systems.
(spend.
.
.
doing)?
公司花了几千英镑更新计算机系统。
4.
His
second
book
will
be
published
next
month.
(publish)?
他的第二本书将在下个月出版。
5.
We
can
know
more
about
the
life
of
great
people
as
well
as
history
and
cultures
of
other
countries.
(as
well
as)?
我们不仅可以更多地了解伟人的生活而且可以了解其他国家的历史和文化。
语法填空
1.
The
pill
itself
has
changed
a
lot
since
it
first
came
onto
the
market.
2.
The
U.
S.
is
divided
into
50
states
and
is
separated
from
China
by
the
Pacific.
3.
Located(locate)
in
the
east
of
Shandong
Province,
Qingdao
is
a
famous
tourism
city
and
summer
resort
in
China.
4.
As
far
as
I’m
concerned,
nothing
is
more
important(important)
than
studying
hard.
?
5.
Students
should
spend
more
time
making(make)
good
preparations
for
the
coming
exam
to
get
a
good
mark.
6.
Whether
this
will
allow
enough
time
for
consumption
to
recover
remains
in
doubt.
7.
Hiking
by
oneself
can
be
fun
and
good
for
health.
It
may
also
be
good
for
character
building.
8.
Parents
are
eager
to
know
what
can
make
their
own
children
happy(happiness).
9.
Polluted
water
has
a
bad
effect
on
people’s
life
in
this
region,
so
something
must
be
done
to
stop
pollution.
10.
It’s
high
time
that
I
got
down
to
reflecting
on
my
mistakes
in
order
to
make
greater
progress.
概要写作
Read
for
Writing
Style?
What
is
the
writing
style
of
the
passage?
A.
Argumentation.
B.
Narration.
C.
Exposition.
答案:
C
Read
for
Structure?
Paragraph
1:
British
people’s
love
for
1.
tea.
Paragraph
2:
Various
2.
flavours
Paragraph
3:
Health
3.
benefits
Read
for
Key
Points?
Paragraph
1.
British
people
love
to
make
tea
with
fruit
and
herbs.
?
Paragraph
2.
However,
recent
years
have
seen
more
and
more
unusual
flavours
come
onto
the
market.
?
Paragraph
3.
Herbal
tea
has
various
health
benefits.
Rewrite
the
key
points?
Paragraph
1.
Addicted
to
making
tea
with
fruit
and
herbs,
British
people
even
plant
some
herbs
in
their
own
gardens.
?
Paragraph
2.
However,
people
have
fallen
in
love
with
some
unusual
flavours
in
recent
years.
?
Paragraph
3.
The
herbal
tea
can
not
only
make
people
feel
relaxed,
but
also
improve
the
immune
system
and
digestion
system.
Polish
the
summary
with
the
linking
words?
Addicted
to
making
tea
with
fruit
and
herbs,
British
people
even
plant
herbs
that
are
easy
to
grow
in
their
own
gardens.
Apart
from
the
common
flavours,
people
are
in
search
of
some
unusual
flavours,
such
as
mango,
strawberry,
apple,
and
so
on.
Aside
from
the
variety
of
flavours,
herbal
tea
also
has
various
health
benefits.
Some
can
help
people
relax,
and
some
are
good
for
the
immune
system
and
digestion
system.
?
1.
话题特点
概要写作是要求学生对一篇文章进行归纳概括,
用简洁的语言总结文章要点。所表达的信息要忠实于原文,
但不可原句照搬。
2.
话题词汇
(1)目前:
currently=nowadays=presently
(2)常见的现象:
a
common
phenomenon
=It’s
common
for
sb.
to
do.
.
.
(3)与……有联系;
与……有关:
be
associated
with,
connect
with
(4)导致:
contribute
to,
lead
to,
result
in
(5)解释:
account
for
3.
话题句式
(1)开头模板
①The
passage/author
stresses
the
importance
of
encouragement
for
students.
这篇文章/作者强调了鼓励对学生的重要性。
②The
passage/story
is
about
a
misunderstanding
between
a
teacher
and
a
student.
这篇短文/故事是关于老师和学生之间的一个误会。
③The
article
discusses
the
impact
of
popular
online
novels.
文章探讨了流行网络小说的影响。
(2)对比利弊
The
fact
is
that
the
majority
of
the
youths
in
China
are
positive,
compared
with
those
in
developed
countries.
事实是,
与发达国家的年轻人相比,
中国的大多数年轻人是积极的。
(3)研究报告
As
is
reported
in
the
study,
dreams
play
an
important
role
in
people’s
lives.
正如研究报告所述,
梦在人们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。
阅读下面短文,
根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Herbal
medicine
(草药),
which
has
been
used
for
medicinal
purposes,
is
the
use
of
plants
to
treat
diseases.
Many
herbalists
use
the
entire
plant,
from
the
flowers,
stems,
leaves,
and
roots,
in
the
form
of
everything
from
teas
to
pills.
These
plants
contain
natural,
chemical
things
that
can
treat
the
body
for
a
variety
of
diseases—such
as
allergies,
asthma,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
migraine,
chronic
fatigue,
and
cancer,
among
others.
Nowadays
an
increasing
number
of
people
prefer
to
adopt
these
plants
to
treat
their
diseases
because
compared
with
chemical
medicine,
herbal
medicine
has
its
own
advantages.
Herbal
medicine
and
remedies
(治疗)
are
more
effective
than
chemical
medicine
for
certain
diseases.
The
chemical
medicine
given
by
a
chemist
could
have
certain
negative
side
effects.
However,
many
of
the
herbal
medicine
and
remedies
do
not
have
negative
side
effects.
If
any,
they
are
softer
than
chemical
medicine.
Obesity
is
the
cause
of
many
of
the
health
problems.
Herbal
medicine
can
help
weight-loss
more
effectively
and
improve
overall
health.
However,
the
cure
using
herbal
medicine
and
supplements
(营养品)
would
take
some
time,
and
therefore
people
are
supposed
to
possess
enough
patience.
Worse
still,
herbal
medicine
contains
a
variety
of
ingredients
(成分)
and
people
have
to
be
sure
that
their
body
agrees
with
the
ingredients
and
that
it
is
not
allergic
(过敏的).
When
used
correctly
and
directed
by
doctors,
herbs
can
help
treat
a
variety
of
diseases.
But
keep
in
mind
that
the
herbal
medicine
industry
is
not
regulated,
so
herbal
products
are
often
misleading
and
may
contain
additives
(添加剂)
and
that
are
not
listed
on
the
label
(标签).
Some
herbs
may
cause
allergic
reactions
or
interact
with
other
drugs,
and
some
are
poisonous
if
used
improperly
or
at
high
doses
(剂量).
Taking
herbs
on
your
own
increases
your
risk.
【文本结构】
Introduction→Paragraph
1.
Definition
Conclusion→
Paragraph
4.
Advice
【要点提炼】
Paragraph
1.
Herbal
medicine
is
the
use
of
the
entire
plants
to
treat
a
variety
of
diseases.
Paragraph
2.
Unlike
chemical
medicine,
herbal
medicine
is
more
effective
and
has
no
or
fewer
negative
side
effects.
Paragraph
3.
However,
herbal
medicine
also
has
disadvantages,
such
as
time-consuming
and
possible
allergy.
Paragraph
4.
People
should
use
herbal
medicine
cautiously.
【要点升级】
Paragraph
1.
Herbal
medicine
is
a
way
of
treating
some
diseases
which
uses
entire
plants
containing
powerful
things
in
various
forms.
?
Paragraph
2.
Different
from
chemical
medicine,
herbal
medicine
is
better
in
several
ways
such
as
its
more
effectiveness
and
fewer
negative
side
effects.
?
Paragraph
3.
Herbal
medicine
requires
more
time
for
recovery
and
tends
to
cause
allergy
as
well.
?
Paragraph
4.
People
should
use
herb
medicine
with
caution.
?
Herbal
medicine
is
a
way
of
treating
some
diseases
which
uses
entire
plants
containing
powerful
things
in
various
forms(要点1).
Different
from
chemical
medicine,
herbal
medicine
is
better
in
several
ways
such
as
its
more
effectiveness
and
fewer
negative
side
effects(要点2).
However,
herbal
medicine
requires
more
time
for
recovery
and
tends
to
cause
allergy
as
well(要点3).
Therefore,
people
should
use
herb
medicine
with
caution(要点4).
单词
1.
wrap
v.
包,
裹2.
sheet
n.
(冰或水等的)一大片3.
dynasty
n.
朝代4.
region
n.
地区,
区域5.
therefore
adv.
因此,
由此6.
shallow
adj.
浅的7.
prevent
v.
阻挡,
防止8.
generation
n.
一代人9.
barrier
n.
障碍,
壁垒10.
structure
n.
结构,
构造,
组织11.
grand
adj.
宏伟的,
壮丽的12.
valley
n.
谷,
山谷13.
platform
n.
高台,
平台14.
thunder
v.
打雷15.
channel
n.
海峡16.
ocean
n.
洋,
大海17.
desert
n.
沙漠,
荒漠18.
sail
v.
(乘船)航行
19.
publish
v.
出版20.
expert
adj.
内行的,
专家的21.
rent
v.
租用,
租借22.
soul
n.
灵魂23.
significant
adj.
重要的,
影响深远的→
significance
n.
[U]&[C]重要性;
(意义)重大24.
design
v.
设计→
designer
n.
设计者,
设计师25.
harm
v.
伤害,
损害→
harmful
adj.
有害的→
harmless
adj.
无害的26.
tradition
n.
传统→
traditional
adj.
传统的,
习俗的27.
agriculture
n.
农业→
agricultural
adj.
农业的28.
attract
v.
吸引,
引起……的兴趣→
attractive
adj.
有吸引力的,
吸引人的→
attraction
n.
吸引,
吸引力29.
admire
v.
欣赏,
观赏→
admiration
n.
钦佩,
羡慕30.
beauty
n.
美,
美丽→
beautiful
adj.
美丽的31.
limited
adj.
有限的→
limit
n.
(常作复数)范围→
limitation
n.
限制,
局限32.
improve
v.
改善,
改进→
improvement
n.
改善,
改进
短语
1.
be
home
to ……的故乡/所在地/发源地2.
from
bottom
to
top
从下到上3.
go
to
(the)
trouble
不辞劳苦;
费力4.
turn.
.
.
into.
.
.
把……变成……5.
wash
away
冲掉;
冲走6.
in
harmony
with
与……协调一致;
与……和谐7.
connect
with
连接;
与……联系8.
be
located
in
坐落于
9.
separate.
.
.
from.
.
.
把……和……分开10.
be
good
for
对……有好处11.
in
doubt
存在疑问;
怀疑12.
reflect
on
仔细考虑,
思考13.
pass
down
传递;
传下来14.
have
an
effect
on
对……有影响
句式结构
1.
感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语Summer
sees
the
mountains
turn
bright
green
with
growing
rice.
盛夏,
佳禾吐绿,
将群山染成一片青绿。2.
spend
time
(in)
doing
sth.
花费时间做某事Today,
millions
of
Brits
like
to
say
that
they
have
“green
fingers”,
with
around
half
the
populations
spending
their
free
time
gardening.
今天,
数以百万的英国人喜欢说他们有“绿手指(意为擅长园艺)”,
约有一半的英国人都把空闲时间用在打理花园上。
3.
it
is
+过去分词+that
It
is
estimated
that
over
8,
000
species
of
insects
can
be
found
in
a
British
garden.
据估计,
在英国的花园中可以找到8
000多种昆虫。4.
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级And
while
many
Brits
like
nothing
better
than
spending
their
Sunday
cutting
the
grass,
some
are
happy
just
to
sit
under
the
branches
of
the
trees
and
enjoy
the
beauty
of
the
world
around
them.
虽然许多英国人认为锄草是周日最棒的活动,
但也有的人只要能坐在树下享受周围世界的美丽就心满意足了。
Elizabeth
and
Her
German
Garden(excerpt)
May
10th.
—I
knew
nothing
whatever
last
year
about
gardening
and
this
year
know
very
little
more,
but
I
have
dawnings
of
what
may
be
done,
and
have
at
least
made
one
great
step—from
ipomoeas
to
tea-roses.
The
garden
was
an
absolute
wilderness.
It
is
all
round
the
house,
but
the
principal
part
is
on
the
south
side
and
has
evidently
always
been
so.
The
south
front
is
one-storied,
a
long
series
of
rooms
opening
one
into
the
other,
and
the
walls
are
covered
with
Virginia
creeper.
There
is
a
little
gallery
in
the
middle,
leading
by
a
flight
of
shaky
wooden
steps
down
into
what
seems
to
have
been
the
only
spot
in
the
whole
place
that
was
ever
cared
for.
This
is
a
semicircle
cut
into
the
lawn
and
edged
with
privet,
and
in
this
semicircle
are
eleven
beds
of
different
sizes
bordered
with
box
and
arranged
round
a
sun-dial,
and
the
sun-dial
is
very
grand
and
moss-grown,
and
greatly
beloved
by
me.
These
beds
were
the
only
sign
of
any
attempt
at
gardening
to
be
seen,
and
these
I
had
sown
with
ipomoeas,
the
whole
eleven,
having
found
a
German
gardening
book,
according
to
which
ipomoeas
in
vast
quantities
was
the
one
thing
needful
to
turn
the
most
hideous
desert
into
a
paradise.
Nothing
else
in
that
book
was
recommended
with
anything
like
the
same
warmth,
and
being
entirely
ignorant
of
the
quantity
of
seed
necessary,
I
bought
ten
pounds
of
it
and
had
it
sown
not
only
in
the
eleven
beds
but
round
nearly
every
tree,
and
then
waited
in
great
excitement
for
the
promised
paradise
to
appear.
It
did
not,
and
I
learned
my
first
lesson.
?
Luckily,
I
had
sown
two
great
patches
of
sweet
peas
which
made
me
very
happy
all
the
summer,
and
then
there
were
some
sunflowers
and
a
few
hollyhocks
under
the
south
windows,
with
some
lilies
in
between.
But
the
lilies,
after
being
transplanted,
disappeared
to
my
great
disappointment.
And
the
hollyhocks
turned
out
to
be
rather
ugly
colors,
so
that
my
first
summer
was
decorated
and
beautified
solely
by
sweet
peas.
At
present
we
are
only
just
beginning
to
breathe
after
getting
new
beds
and
borders
and
paths
made
in
time
for
this
summer.
The
eleven
beds
round
the
sun-dial
are
filled
with
roses,
but
I
see
already
that
I
have
made
mistakes
with
some.
As
I
have
not
a
living
soul
to
communicate
on
this
or
indeed
on
any
matter,
my
only
way
of
learning
is
by
making
mistakes.
?
导语:
《伊丽莎白和她的德国花园》是伊丽莎白·冯·阿尼姆的小说,
于1898年首次出版,
在20世纪初非常受欢迎,
经常重印。
1.
evidently adv.
明显地
2.
shaky
adj.
颤抖的;
不牢固的
3.
privet
n.
女贞树篱
4.
recommend
v.
推荐;
介绍
5.
ignorant
adj.
不了解的;
无知的
6.
pansy
n.
三色堇
7.
sow
v.
播种
续写中的各种“负面情绪”
文中表达各种“负面情绪”的动词的使用很出彩。常用来表达“负面情绪”的词汇有:
make
a
mistake 犯错误
forgive
sb.
原谅某人
have
tears
in
one’s
eyes
眼里含着泪水
fight
back
tears
抑制住眼泪
be
close
to
tears
快要哭了
have
a
lump
in
one’s
throat
哽咽
【情境应用】
1.
Jane
turned
to
me
with
tears
in
her
eyes,
and
begged
me
to
forgive
her
for
her
mistake.
简眼里含着泪水转向我,
恳求我原谅她的错误。?
2.
Bill
fought
back
his
tears
and
tried
to
comfort
Sarah’s
mother.
比尔抑制住泪水,
并试图安慰萨拉的母亲。?
3.
There
was
a
lump
in
my
throat
and
I
didn’t
speak
because
I
knew
I
had
made
a
mistake.
我哽咽了,
没有说话,
因为我知道我犯错误了。?
名著译文:
《伊丽莎白和她的德国花园》(节选)
5月10日——去年我对园艺一无所知,
今年对此知之甚少,
但我对可能做的事情看到了曙光,
并且至少迈出了一大步——从牵牛花到茶玫瑰。
花园是绝对的荒野。它环绕整个房子,
但主要部分位于南侧,
显然一直如此。南面是一层,
一长排的房间相互打开,
墙壁上覆盖着弗吉尼亚爬山虎。中间有一个小走廊,
通过一连串摇摇晃晃的木制台阶向下进入似乎是整个花园唯一受到照顾的地方。这片半圆形切入草坪,
边缘有女贞,
里面有十一张不同大小带盒子的花床,
绕成一个日晷形状。日晷非常庄重,
长满了苔藓,
我很喜欢它。这些花床是唯一可以看到园艺的迹象的地方,
而我曾在这十一张花床里种牵牛花,
找到了一本德国园艺书籍。据书中说,
大量的牵牛花是将最可怕的沙漠变成天堂的必要条件。
那本书中没有别的东西被用同样的温暖推荐,
并且完全没有写明必要的种子数量,
我买了十磅并且不仅在十一张花床上播种,
而且几乎在每棵树旁播种,
然后非常兴奋地等待梦想中的天堂出现。它并没有出现,
这就是我第一个教训。
幸运的是,
我播下了两片很棒的甜豌豆,
这让我整个夏天都很开心。南窗下面有一些向日葵和一些蜀葵,
还有一些百合花在它们之间。但是,
移植后的百合花消失了,
让我非常沮丧。而且蜀葵的颜色相当难看,
所以我的第一个夏天仅仅用甜豌豆装饰和美化。
目前,
在今年夏天刚刚备好了新的花床、边界和路径之后,
我的花儿才刚刚开始呼吸。日晷周围的十一张花床上摆满了玫瑰花,
但我已经看到我犯了一些错误。因为我无法和任何人就这个或任何事情上进行灵魂上的交流,
我唯一的学习方式就是犯错误。
PAGEUnit
6
At
one
with
nature
Nature
is
the
mother
of
mankind.
We
get
almost
everything
from
her.
We
live
on
natural
food.
We
make
clothes
from
natural
materials.
And
we
build
our
houses
of
stone
and
wood.
However,
with
the
development
of
human
beings,
man
has
destroyed
the
balance
of
nature.
Water,
air
and
soil
have
been
badly
polluted.
Some
kinds
of
animals
and
plants
have
died
out
completely.
As
a
result,
man
is
being
punished
by
nature.
Many
people
suffer
a
lot
from
all
kinds
of
diseases
caused
by
pollution.
Therefore
only
when
we
treat
nature
well
will
she
look
after
us.
[词海拾贝]
1.
material n.
原料,
材料
2.
balance
n.
平衡
3.
pollute
v.
污染
4.
punish
v.
惩罚
[我学我思]
1.
live
on
靠……维持生计
2.
die
out
灭绝
3.
suffer
from
患(病等)
4.
What
should
we
do
to
live
in
harmony
with
nature?
We
should
cherish
and
preserve
it.
?
Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas?
Ⅰ.
必备单词:
根据提示填写单词
1.
wrap
up
the
Christmas
presents
把圣诞礼物包起来
2.
be
replaced
by
computers
被计算机所取代
3.
a
sheet
of
ice
一层冰
4.
be
covered
with
frost
结了霜
5.
the
Tang
Dynasty
唐朝
6.
the
most
densely
populated
region
人口最稠密的地区
7.
the
most
fertile
soil
最肥沃的土壤
8.
shallow
waters
浅水水域
9.
harvest
their
crops
收割他们的庄稼
10.
prevent
them
carrying
weapons
阻止他们携带武器→crime
prevention
(n.
)
防止犯罪
→
preventable
(adj.
)
diseases可以防止的疾病
11.
in
perfect
harmony
十分和谐→harmonious
(adj.
)
relationship
融洽的关系
12.
the
basic
design
基本设计→an
industrial
designer
(n.
)
工业设计师
13.
harm
marine
life
危害海洋生物→be
harmful
(adj.
)
to
children’s
teeth损坏儿童的牙齿→be
harmless
(adj.
)
to
humans对人类无害
14.
be
related
to
agriculture
跟农业有关→
agricultural
(adj.
)
policy
农业政策
Ⅱ.
必备短语:
英汉双译
1.
be
covered
in
盖满,
被……覆盖?
2.
be
home
to
是……的家园?
3.
plenty
of
许多?
4.
prevent.
.
.
from
防止……免受……
5.
in
harmony
with
与……协调一致;
?
与……和谐
6.
as
far
as
远到……
7.
from
the
bottom
to
the
very
top
从下到上
8.
go
to
(the)
trouble
to
do
不辞劳苦;
费力
9.
turn.
.
.
into.
.
.
把……变成……
10.
wash
away
冲掉;
冲走
必备句式:
翻译课文原句,
并观察黑体部分
1.
Summer
sees
the
mountains
turn
bright
green
with
growing
rice.
译文:
盛夏,
佳禾吐绿,
将群山染成一片青绿。
2.
But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
译文:
但也许最令人惊叹的还是人与自然和谐相处建造这些梯田并种植水稻的方式。
3.
During
the
rainy
season,
it
is
along
these
waterways
that
rainwater
moves
down
the
mountains
and
into
the
terraces.
译文:
在雨季,
雨水正是沿着这些水道从山上流下进入梯田。
1.
名词后缀-tion,
例如:
prevent+-tion
→
prevention
预防,
防止
pollute→
pollution污染
operate→
operation手术
elect→
election选举
correct→
correction改正
2.
“介词in+名词+介词”构成的短语,
在句中作状语、表语或定语等
in
harmony
with
与……和谐相处
in
favour
of
支持
in
charge
of
负责,
管理
框架宏观建构:
整体理解
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
2.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
The
article
is
mainly
about
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces,
in
which
people
work
in
harmony
with
nature.
?
文本微观剖析:
细节探究
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)How
does
the
author
develop
Paragraph
1?
A.
By
listing
the
facts.
B.
By
comparing
the
facts.
C.
By
vividly
describing
the
scene.
D.
By
painting
the
beautiful
colours.
(2)What’s
the
most
critical
feature
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces?
A.
It
provides
more
land
to
grow
rice.
B.
It
can
prevent
soil
from
being
washed
away.
C.
It
can
make
a
harmonious
relationship
between
people
and
nature.
D.
It
keeps
the
traditional
style
of
ancient
terraces.
(3)What
can
we
conclude
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.
Modern
technology
helps
people
there
produce
more
rice.
B.
People
there
still
value
the
ancient
growing
methods.
C.
Many
visitors
come
here
to
learn
how
to
grow
rice.
D.
The
young
people
there
like
to
create
great
wonders.
答案:
(1)～(3)CCB
2.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)Building
the
terraces
therefore
meant
that
they
could
increase
the
areas
in
which
they
could
grow
rice.
分析:
本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句;
in
which引导定语从句。
译文:
建造梯田意味着他们能够扩大水稻的种植面积。
(2)But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
分析:
本句为主从复合句。what引导主语从句;
in
which引导定语从句。
译文:
但也许最令人惊叹的还是人与自然和谐相处建造这些梯田并种植水稻的方式。
阅读思维升华:
主题实践
1.
What
do
you
know
about
the
terraces?
(Critical
Thinking批判性思维)
They
are
a
kind
of
growing
area
in
mountains.
They
have
farming
and
viewing
values
as
well.
?
2.
Can
you
describe
the
growing
areas
in
your
hometown?
(Creative
Thinking创造性思维)
Large
flat
areas
with
so
many
green
crops
and
so
on.
?
语篇总结归纳:
主题深化
Imagine
mountains
1.
wrapped(wrap)in
silver
water,
turning
bright
green
2.
with
growing
rice
and
becoming
flash
gold
and
then
they
3.
are
covered(cover)in
sheets
of
white
frost.
These
are
the
4.
colours(colour)of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces.
The
work
on
the
terraces
took
hundreds
of
years
until
its
5.
completion(complete)in
the
early
Qing
Dynasty.
The
reasons
why
people
go
to
so
much
trouble
6.
to
turn
(turn)
the
entire
mountains
into
terraces
are
as
follows:
having
few
large
flat
land,
holding
more
rainwater
and
preventing
the
soil
from
7.
being
washed
(wash)
away.
It
is
along
these
waterways
8.
that
rainwater
moves
down
the
mountains
and
into
the
terraces.
The
water
heated
by
the
sun
is
turned
9.
into
vapour
and
then
the
vapour
forms
clouds
from
10.
which
rain
falls
down.
?
1.
prevent
v.
阻挡,
防止
(教材原句)The
flat
terraces
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
水平的梯田能够储存雨水,
防止土壤流失。
【词块积累】
(1)prevent/stop/keep.
.
.
from
doing
sth.
阻止……做某事
protect.
.
.
from.
.
.
保护……不受……侵袭;
挡住;
防御
keep.
.
.
doing
sth.
使……一直做某事
(2)preventable
adj.
可阻止的
①His
advice
prevented/kept/stopped
me
from
making
a
serious
mistake.
他的忠告让我避免了犯一个严重的错误。?
②He
wears
sunglasses
to
protect
his
eyes
from
the
sunlight.
他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受太阳光的伤害。?
from是否可省略
(1)在主动语态中keep.
.
.
from.
.
.
中的from不可省略,
prevent.
.
.
from.
.
.
和stop.
.
.
from.
.
.
中的from可省略。
(2)在被动语态中,
这几个短语中的from都不可省略。
2.
harmony
n.
融洽相处,
和谐
(教材原句)But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
但也许最令人惊叹的还是人与自然和谐相处建造这些梯田并种植水稻的方式。
【词块积累】
(1)in
harmony
with
sb.
/sth.
与……协调;
与……相配
out
of
harmony
with
sb.
/sth.
与……不协调
live/work
in
harmony
生活/工作得很融洽
(2)harmonious
adj.
和谐的,
协调的,
和睦的
①The
violin
was
out
of
harmony
with
the
rest
of
the
instruments.
小提琴拉得与其他乐器不谐调。?
②Only
when
we
realize
the
importance
of
helping
each
other
can
we
be
devoted
to
building
a
harmonious
society.
只有当我们意识到互助的重要性,
我们才能致力于建设和谐社会。?
【巧学助记】
学会“harmony”相处
Social
harmony
is
very
important
to
us.
Only
if
people
live
in
harmony
with
each
other
can
we
have
a
harmonious
society.
It
is
also
very
important
to
be
in
harmony
with
nature.
If
we
are
out
of
harmony
with
nature,
it
will
punish
us
in
turn.
社会和谐对我们非常重要。只有人们能彼此和谐共处,
我们才能拥有一个和谐的社会。与自然和谐相处也很重要。如果我们与自然不和谐,
反过来自然就会惩罚我们。
3.
design
n.
设计,
图案
vt.
设计;
计划,
谋划;
构思
(教材原句)
The
terraces
are
cleverly
designed,
with
hundreds
of
waterways
that
connect
with
each
other.
这些梯田设计巧妙,
其间有几百条相互连通的水渠。
【词块积累】
(1)design
sth.
for.
.
.
为某目的或用途而制造或计划……
be
designed
for.
.
.
/to
do
sth.
目的是……
(2)by
design(=on
purpose)
故意地,
蓄意地
①They
asked
me
to
design
a
poster
for
the
party
which
will
be
held
on
New
Year’s
Day
in
2022.
?
他们请我为2022年元旦将要举行的晚会设计一张海报。
②These
measures
are
designed
to
reduce
pollution.
?
采取这些措施旨在降低污染。
③Do
you
think
the
building
was
burnt
down
by
accident
or
by
design?
?
你认为这座大楼是偶然起火还是有人蓄意纵火?
【词源趣谈】
“design”的词源可以追溯到拉丁语的“designare”,
这个拉丁词的基本意思是“画上记号”。
4.
harm
n.
&
v.
伤害,
损害
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While
the
sun’s
rays
can
age
and
harm
our
skin,
they
also
give
us
beneficial
Vitamin
D.
虽然阳光会让我们衰老并伤害我们的皮肤,
但它也能给我们提供有益的维生素D。
【词块积累】
(1)do
harm
to
sb.
/sth.
=do
sb.
/sth.
harm 对……有害
There
is
no
harm
in
doing
sth.
做某事无害。
(2)harmful
adj.
有害的
be
harmful
to
对……有害
harmless
adj.
无害的
①Too
much
drinking
will
do
you
great
harm.
?
=Too
much
drinking
will
do
great
harm
to
you.
?
饮酒过量对你危害甚大。
②He
may
not
be
able
to
help
but
there’s
no
harm
in
asking
him.
?
他可能帮不了忙,
但是问他一下倒也无妨。
③Air
pollution
will
get
worse
and
this
will
be
harmful
to
people.
?
空气污染会加剧,
这会对人们造成危害。
【易混辨析】
harm
“危害,
使受伤害”,
常用于抽象事物
hurt
“弄疼,
使受伤”,
可指肉体上的伤害,
更多用于情感上的伤害
injure
“使受伤,
伤害”,
尤其指在事故中受到的伤害
wound
“伤害,
使受伤”,
主要用于刀、枪、剑等武器对身体造成的创伤
5.
go
to
so
much
trouble
(to
do
sth.
/of
doing
sth.
)费尽周折,
不辞辛苦
(教材原句)
So
why
did
these
people
go
to
so
much
trouble
to
turn
the
entire
mountains
into
terraces?
那么为什么这些人要如此大费周章,
将整片山地变成梯田呢?
【词块积累】
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth.
费力做某事,
不辞劳苦做某事
bother
to
do
sth.
费力去做某事
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事有麻烦/困难
in
trouble
处于困境之中
make
trouble
制造麻烦
get
into
trouble
陷入麻烦
①The
couple
laughed
off
rumors
that
their
marriage
was
in
trouble.
夫妻两人对他们婚姻出现问题的谣言一笑置之。?
②Some
senior
citizens
tend
to
have
trouble
(in)
using
smartphones
to
show
their
health
QR
codes.
一些老年人往往会在使用智能手机显示自己的健康二维码时遇到麻烦。?
6.
feed
on(=live
on)以……为食
(教材原句)These
terraces
also
provide
a
perfect
environment
for
birds
and
fish,
some
of
which
feed
on
insects
that
can
harm
the
rice
crops.
这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境,
其中有些鸟类和鱼类以危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。
【词块积累】
feed
sb.
with/on.
.
.
用……喂养某人
feed
sth.
to
sb.
/sth.
把某物给某人/某物吃
be
fed
up
with=be
tired
of
(口语)厌倦……
①Farmers
feed
kitchen
leftovers
to
the
pigs.
农民们把厨房剩菜喂猪。
②People
are
fed
up
with
all
these
traffic
jams.
?
=People
are
tired
of
all
these
traffic
jams.
?
人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。
【要点拾遗】
1.
generation
n.
代;
一代(人)
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Official
reports
suggest
that
the
number
of
households
with
three
generations
living
together
had
risen
from
325,
000
in
2001
to
419,
000
in
2013.
官方报告显示,
三代同住的家庭数量从2001年的32.
5万户增加到2013年的41.
9万户。
【词块积累】
generation
gap 代沟
for
generations
世世代代,
祖祖辈辈(强调时间的长度)
from
generation
to
generation
代代相传,
一代一代地(强调时间的延续)
①My
family
have
lived
in
the
old
house
for
generations.
我家祖祖辈辈都住在这个老房子里。?
②They
are
the
first
generation
to
immigrate
to
America.
?
他们是第一代美国移民。
③Generation
gap
is
one
of
the
main
reasons
that
create
the
conflicts
and
tension
between
family
members.
?
代沟是家庭成员之间产生矛盾和冲突的主要原因之一。
④(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I
love
that
the
excitement
of
going
to
the
library
lives
on
from
generation
to
generation.
?
我喜欢去图书馆的兴奋感代代相传。
2.
provide
for
为……做准备
(教材原句)
These
terraces
also
provide
a
perfect
environment
for
birds
and
fish.
这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境。
【词块积累】
①It
is
necessary
for
us
to
provide
for
the
examination.
?
我们有必要为考试做准备。
②Our
school
provides
free
breakfast
for
the
students.
我们学校为学生提供免费的早餐。
③We
come
here
to
provide
the
public
with
a
service.
我们来这儿是为公众服务的。
3.
Although
modern
technology
could
help
produce
more
crops,
these
terraces
still
mean
a
lot
to
the
local
people
for
whom
traditions
hold
much
value.
?
虽然现代技术可以帮助生产更多的作物,
但是对于重视传统种植的当地人来说这些梯田依然意义重大。
【句式解构】
该句为复合句,
for
whom引导的是典型的
“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句。
①Is
this
the
car
for
which
you
paid
a
high
price?
?
这就是你花高价买的那辆车吗?
②Do
you
still
remember
the
day
on
which
we
met
for
the
first
time?
?
你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗?
③This
is
the
man
with
whom
I
have
worked
for
ten
years.
这就是和我一起工作了十年的那个人。?
关系副词与“介词+关系代词”的互换
(1)定语从句中,
介词+关系代词中的介词有for,
in,
on,
at,
of,
to,
with等。
(2)在定语从句中,
介词+关系代词的结构一般充当关系副词。
①why=for
which,
主要用于修饰表原因的名词(主要是the
reason),
同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。
②where=in/at/on
which,
主要用于修饰表地点的名词,
同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。
③when=during/on/in
which,
主要用于修饰表时间的名词,
同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。
1.
These
common
endeavors
have
not
only
facilitated
our
own
development,
but
also
injected
a
strong
impetus
into
the
stable
economic
development
of
the
region
and
beyond.
这些共同的努力既促进了自身发展,
也为地区乃至全球经济稳定发展注入强劲动力。
2.
Wuhan
study
suggests
COVID-19
antibodies
can
prevent
reinfection
for
at
least
9
months.
武汉的研究表明,
新冠肺炎抗体至少能在9个月内防止再感染。
3.
Efforts
should
be
made
to
build
cities
into
beautiful
homes
where
people
and
nature
coexist
in
harmony,
Xi
noted.
习近平强调,
努力把城市建设成为人与自然和谐共生的美丽家园。
Ⅰ.
单词拼写
1.
The
road
was
covered
with
a
sheet(层)
of
ice,
so
be
careful
while
going
to
school.
2.
The
car
windows
were
covered
with
frost(霜).
3.
In
the
region(地区)
hit
by
the
earthquake,
large
quantities
of
food
are
needed.
4.
It
rained
and
therefore(因此)
the
football
match
was
postponed.
5.
Rice
farmers
here
still
plant
and
harvest
their
crops(庄稼,
作物)
by
hand.
6.
According
to
the
author,
fish
are
most
likely
to
be
found
in
shallow(浅的)
water
under
waterside
trees.
7.
I
wrapped(包,
裹)
a
blanket
around
the
baby.
8.
The
course
is
designed(设计)
to
help
students
with
colour
and
composition.
9.
Corn
is
grown
a
lot
in
this
area—the
soil(土壤)
seems
to
suit
it
very
well.
10.
The
Ba
had
great
change
and
development
in
the
Qin
and
Han
dynasties(朝代).
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
North
America
is
connected
with
South
America
by
the
isthmus
of
panama.
巴拿马海峡把北美同南美连接起来。?
2.
Reading
in
the
sun
does
harm
to
your
eyes.
?
在阳光下读书对你的眼睛有害。
3.
I
don’t
like
the
way
(in
which/that)
she
speaks
to
you.
?
我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。
4.
The
new
technology
can
be
applied
to
prevent
students
(from)
cheating
in
exams.
?
这项新的技术可以用来防止学生在考试中作弊。
5.
We
often
hear
him
play
the
guitar
in
the
room.
?
我们经常听到他在房间里弹吉他。
Ⅲ.
结合课文主题,
使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文
在中国这个地区(region),
人们世代致力于农业(agriculture)。他们继承了几个朝代(dynasty)的传统,
在陡峭的(steep)山上建造梯田(terrace),
在浅土(shallow
soil)上种植作物(crop)。冬天,
山上覆盖着霜(frost)和雪,
因此(therefore)梯田在阳光下闪闪发光。为了防止(prevent)水土流失,
他们在梯田周围设计(design)和建造了水道。它反映了人与自然的和谐(harmony)。
In
this
region
of
China,
people
have
devoted
themselves
to
agriculture
for
generations.
They
have
passed
on
the
tradition
of
several
dynasties
and
built
terraces
on
the
steep
mountains
to
grow
crops
on
shallow
soil.
In
winter,
the
mountains
are
covered
in
sheets
of
frost
and
snow,
and
therefore
the
terraces
flash
in
the
sunlight.
To
prevent
the
loss
of
soil
and
water,
they
have
designed
and
built
waterways
around
the
terraces.
It
reflects
the
harmony
between
man
and
nature.
?
单句语法填空
1.
When
we
have
harmony
within
ourselves,
we
live
in
harmony
with
all
others.
2.
If
teenagers
spend
too
much
time
on
the
Internet,
it
will
surely
do
great
harm
to
their
health.
3.
The
program
is
designed
to
help
(help)
people
who
wish
to
teach
abroad.
?
4.
The
prevention
(prevent)and
control
of
major
accidents
have
become
an
important
job.
5.
The
villagers
set
off
firecrackers
to
celebrate
the
completion
(complete)of
the
bridge.
6.
An
agricultural(agriculture)
place
or
society
is
one
in
which
agriculture
is
important
or
highly
developed.
7.
The
caterpillars
feed
on
a
wide
range
of
trees,
shrubs
and
plants.
8.
Flood
waters
washed
away
one
of
the
main
bridges
in
Pusan.
9.
We
are
here
to
provide
the
public
with
a
service.
10.
She
is
in
the
fortunate
position
of
having
plenty
of
choice.
PAGEUnit
6
At
one
with
nature
Using
language?
“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句
观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成。
1.
These
terraces
were
built
by
the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people,
to
whom
Guangxi
is
home.
2.
Building
the
terraces
therefore
meant
that
they
could
increase
the
areas
in
which
they
could
grow.
3.
But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
4.
This
forms
clouds
from
which
rain
falls
down
onto
the
mountain
terraces
once
again.
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,
我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”,
用“介词+whom”;
如果指“物”,
用“介词+which”。
(1)在介词后作宾语的关系代词一般只能用which
和whom,
不用that和who。
(2)但是当介词放在后面时,
在限制性定语从句中,
可用that代替which/whom,
并且that可省略。
(3)在定语从句中,
有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),
如look
after,
look
for等。
一、关系代词前介词选择的原则
介词的选择可以总结为:
“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。
1.
一先,
即先看先行词,
从先行词入手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。(比如时间常和on,
in,
by搭配;
地点常用on,
in,
at;
原因用for;
方式用in,
by,
with等)
This
is
the
house
in
which
(
where)
the
inventor
lived.
这就是那位发明家住过的房子。
2.
二动,
即看从句中的谓语动词结构。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。
He
is
the
person
of
whom
everyone
has
heard.
(hear
of
听说)
他是那个所有人都听说过的人。
3.
三意义:
通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。
My
computer,
without
which
I
can’t
surf
the
Internet,
broke
down
yesterday.
昨天我的电脑坏了,
没有它我不能网上冲浪。
4.
四特殊:
介词of
常用于“表示部分的词语+of+关系代词结构”。
表示部分的词语常见的有:
不定代词all,
both,
none,
neither,
either,
some,
any,
数词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数);
数词+名词;
the+最高级/比较级,
以及表示数目或数量的词语many,
most,
few,
several,
enough,
half,
a
quarter。
There
are
sixty
students
in
our
class,
twenty
of
whom
are
girls.
我们班有六十名学生,
其中二十名是女生。
There
are
two
rooms,
the
smaller
of
which
is
my
study
room.
有两个房间,
较小的那个是我的书房。
用适当的介词填空
(1)Later
they
may
give
performances
in
pubs
or
clubs,
for
which
they
are
paid
in
cash.
(2)The
man
with
whom
you
shook
hands
just
now
is
our
English
teacher.
(3)China
has
a
lot
of
rivers,
the
second
longest
of
which
is
the
Yellow
River.
(4)The
reason
for
which
he
was
late
was
that
he
missed
the
early
bus.
(5)There
isn’t
a
person
to
whom
she
can
turn
for
help.
(6)I
can’t
remember
the
age
at
which
he
won
the
prize.
二、“介词+关系代词”的几种常见结构
1.
“介词+
which”在定语从句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语,
代替相应的关系副词
when,
where和
why。
The
day
when
(=on
which)
she
arrived
was
Thursday.
她到的那天是星期四。
July
and
August
are
the
months
when
(=in
which)
the
weather
is
hot.
七、八月是天气很热的月份。
This
is
the
reason
for
which(=why)
he
was
put
in
prison.
这就是他坐牢的原因。
2.
“代词/数词+of+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句
这个结构中,
代词常常为all,
each,
one,
many,
much,
most,
some,
none,
both等,
“代词+of+which/whom”通常在定语从句中作主语,
说明整体中的一部分。有时候也可把“of+which/whom”置于代词或数词前。
The
old
man
has
two
sons,
both
of
whom
are
lawyers.
这位老人有两个儿子,
两个儿子都是律师。
3.
“the+名词+of
which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句
这个结构中,
of
which/whom充当定语,
修饰前面的名词,
整个结构相当于“whose”引导的定语从句。
Look
at
the
building,
the
roof
of
which
(=
whose
roof)is
white.
看那座楼房,
它的屋顶是白色的。
4.
“the+形容词比较级(最高级)+of+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句。
There
are
two
buildings,
the
larger
of
which
stands
nearly
a
hundred
feet
height.
这儿有两座建筑物,
较大的那座几乎有100英尺高。
用定语从句把下面两个句子合成一个句子
(1)The
boy
is
often
late
for
school.
The
reason
is
still
unknown.
The
reason
why/for
which
the
boy
is
often
late
for
school
is
still
unknown.
?
(2)Recently
I
bought
an
ancient
Chinese
vase.
Its
price
was
very
reasonable.
Recently
I
bought
an
ancient
Chinese
vase,
the
price
of
which/of
which
the
price/whose
price
was
very
reasonable.
?
(3)I
have
bought
two
books
recently.
Neither
of
them
interests
my
brother.
I
have
bought
two
books
recently,
neither
of
which
interests
my
brother.
?
(4)They
climbed
up
to
a
large
rock.
They
got
a
good
view
from
it.
They
climbed
up
to
a
large
rock,
from
which/where
they
got
a
good
view.
?
用定语从句把下面两个句子合成一个句子
(1)I
would
like
to
thank
my
English
teacher.
I
would
have
never
passed
the
college
entrance
examination
without
her.
I
would
like
to
thank
my
English
teacher,
without
whom
I
would
have
never
passed
the
college
entrance
examination.
(2)Johnson
has
now
moved
back
to
the
village.
He
was
born
there.
Johnson
has
now
moved
back
to
the
village
where/in
which
he
was
born.
(3)The
pen
is
broken.
I
do
my
homework
with
it
every
day.
The
pen
with
which
I
do
my
homework
every
day
is
broken.
(4)He
is
now
able
to
beat
his
father.
He
learned
how
to
play
chess
from
his
father.
He
is
now
able
to
beat
his
father,
from
whom
he
learned
how
to
play
chess.
?
Ⅰ.
用适当的介词或关系代词填空
1.
Wind
power
is
an
ancient
source
of
energy
to
which
we
may
return
in
the
near
future.
2.
English
is
a
language
shared
by
several
diverse
cultures,
each
of
which
uses
it
differently.
3.
This
is
the
teacher
from
whom
I’ve
learnt
a
lot.
4.
Gun
control
is
a
subject
about
which
Americans
have
argued
for
a
long
time.
5.
The
reason
for
which
he
got
the
job
was
his
hard
work.
6.
He
built
a
telescope
through
which
he
could
study
the
stars.
7.
The
woman
with
whom
you
shook
hands
just
now
is
head
of
our
company.
8.
She
brought
with
her
three
friends,
none
of
whom
I
had
ever
met
before.
9.
This
is
the
place
at
which
the
bridge
should
be
built.
10.
Xi’an
in
which
Terracotta
Warriors
were
found,
is
an
attractive
city.
Ⅱ.
用“介词+关系代词”补全句子
1.
Students
should
take
an
active
part
in
the
community
activities
from
which
they
can
gain
social
experience.
?
学生们应该积极参加那些能够让他们获得社会经验的社区活动。
2.
The
hunter
by
whom
the
monkey
was
killed
was
caught
last
night.
?
杀害猴子的那个猎人昨晚被抓了。
3.
The
gas
without
which
we
could
not
live
is
called
oxygen.
?
没有它我们就不能生存的气体叫氧气。
4.
After
graduation
he
returned
to
the
small
town
in
which
he
grew
up.
?
毕业以后,
他回到了那个他长大的小镇上。
5.
I
don’t
like
the
way
in
which
you
speak
to
your
parents.
?
我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。
使用本单元所学语法知识翻译下面语段。
杰克是一位工程师,
他在父亲曾经工作过的工厂里工作。他之所以成名,
是因为他做了许多无轨电车(trolley
bus)方面的研究。杰克为我们国家做出了贡献,
我们都应尊敬他。
Jack
is
an
engineer,
who
works
in
the
factory
in
which
his
father
worked.
The
reason
for
which
he
is
famous
is
that
he
has
done
a
lot
of
research
on
trolley
buses.
Jack
has
made
great
contributions
to
our
country,
and
he
is
the
man
to
whom
we
should
show
our
respect.
?
Activity
1 Geographical
features?
话题情境
1.
A:
How
much
do
you
know
about
the
Great
Barrier
Reef?
B:
I
know
that
it
is
located
off
the
coast(远离海岸线)
of
Australia,
and
you
can
learn
more
about
it
by
visiting
an
underwater
observatory(参观水下天文台).
?
2.
A:
Have
you
ever
been
to
the
Grand
Canyon?
B:
No,
I
haven’t.
But
I
have
heard
that
it
is
about
two
kilometres
deep(两千米深).
?
3.
A:
I
plan
to
visit
Huangguoshu
National
Park
this
holiday.
Would
you
like
to
go
there
with
me?
B:
Absolutely.
It
is
famous
for(因……而出名)
the
waterfall.
You
know
I
like
to
see
the
falls
most.
?
话题词汇
1.
be
located
off
the
coast 远离海岸线
2.
visit
an
underwater
observatory
参观水下天文台
3.
two
kilometres
deep
两千米深
4.
connect
the
countries
Zimbabwe
and
Zambia
连接津巴布韦和赞比亚两个国家
5.
separate
England
from
France
把英国和法国分开
6.
with
a
length
of
长度为
7.
be
famous
for
因……而出名
8.
It
sounds
like.
.
.
听起来
Activity
2 Life
in
different
climate
zones?
教材听力填空(听音频填空)
My
name’s
Marly.
I’m
from
an
Inuit
village
in
the
far
north
of
Canada.
Our
lives
1.
are
closely
connected
to
the
natural
world
?of
the
Arctic.
Although
we
live
in
regular
houses,
we
stay
in
2.
temporary
shelters
called
“igloos”
when
we
go
hunting.
Igloos
are
made
of
snow
or
ice.
On
the
one
hand,
they
are
quite
warm
inside
and
the
building
materials
can
be
found
everywhere.
But
on
the
other,
they
can
only
be
kept
for
around
50
days.
We
get
our
food
from
the
nearby
sea.
Eating
a
lot
of
fish
and
meat
3.
keeps
our
bodies
strong
so
that
we
can
4.
fight
the
cold.
But
the
downside
is
that
the
cold
weather
5.
makes
it
difficult
for
us
to
grow
enough
vegetables
and
fruit.
It’s
completely
dark
here
for
three
months
of
the
year,
which
is
a
period
called
“polar
night”.
So,
life
can
sometimes
be
6.
boring!
But
the
good
thing
is,
during
that
time
the
elders
7.
tell
us
stories
about
our
people.
It
gives
us
more
time
to
be
with
our
family
and
friends.
Nowadays,
ships
bring
tourists
to
the
Arctic.
The
8.
advantage
to
this
is
that
it
brings
more
money
and
job
opportunities,
but
the
disadvantage
is
that
9.
our
environment
is
being
polluted.
One
thing
is
for
sure,
though:
no
matter
how
things
change,
our
traditions
will
remain
10.
an
important
part
of
our
lives.
?
情景句式
1.
What
do
you
think
of.
.
.
?
/How
about.
.
.
?
/How
are
you
finding.
.
.
?
/What’s
your
opinion?
你觉得呢?
/……怎么样?
/你觉得……如何?
/你的看法是什么?
2.
Life
can
be.
.
.
生活是……的
3.
The
problem
is
that.
.
.
问题是……
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