2020-2021
学年湖南长沙一中高二下学期英语期中测试卷
英语试题
考试范围：高中知识点；考试时间：120
分钟。
注意事项：
1.本试卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。
2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用
2B
铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分
听力（共两节，满分
30
分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共
5
小题；每小题
1.5
分，满分
7.5
分）
听下面
5
段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的
A、B、C
三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有
10
秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How
much
is
the
shirt?
A.
?19.15.
B.
?9.18.
C.
?9.15.
答案是
C。
1．What
will
the
man
do
next?
A．Go
for
a
bike
ride.
B．Play
basketball.
C．Have
a
rest.
2．How
does
the
woman
feel
about
the
man?
A．Sympathetic.
B．Indifferent.
C．Angry.
3．Where
are
the
speakers?
A．At
home.
B．In
a
shop.
C．In
a
restaurant.
4．What
does
the
woman
ask
John
to
do?
A．Do
his
homework.
B．Take
the
piano
class.
C．Pick
up
the
package.
5．What
is
the
probable
relationship
between
the
speakers?
A．Mother
and
son.
B．Business
partners.
C．Boss
and
secretary.
第二节（共
15
小题；每小题
1.5
分，满分
22.5
分）
听下面
5
段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的
A、B、C
三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题
5
秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出
5
秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第
6
段材料，回答第
6、7
题。
6．When
did
the
woman
have
an
interview?
A．2
days
ago.
B．5
days
ago.
C．A
week
ago.
7．What
does
the
man
ask
the
woman
to
do?
A．Give
a
call
to
ask
about
the
result.
B．Have
some
coffee
for
relaxation.
C．Be
patient
and
wait
for
the
result.
听第
7
段材料，回答第
8
至
10
题。
8．Why
does
the
woman
talk
to
the
man?
A．To
ask
for
his
help.
B．To
invite
him
to
the
music
festival.
C．To
introduce
a
folk
band
to
him.
9．When
will
the
speakers
go
to
get
tickets?
A．On
Friday.
B．On
Saturday.
C．On
Sunday.
10．What
is
the
most
important
for
the
speakers
to
get
tickets?
A．Arriving
by
6:00
a.m.
B．Taking
something
to
sit
on.
C．Lining
up
in
the
park.
听第
8
段材料，回答第
11
至
13
题。
11．How
will
the
woman
spend
her
summer
holiday?
A．Study
at
home.
B．Work
in
the
shop.
C．Travel
with
her
mother.
12．With
whom
does
the
man
plan
to
go
to
the
seaside?
A．His
parents.
B．His
friends.
C．His
brothers.
13．What
lessons
does
the
woman
want
to
take?
A．Piano.
B．Swimming.
C．English.
听第
9
段材料，回答第
14
至
17
题。
14．Why
does
Vivian
like
to
listen
to
loud
music?
A．It
helps
her
study.
B．She
is
being
silly.
C．She
can't
bear
the
noise
outside.
15．What
did
Vivian
do
at
first
when
the
man
asked
her
about
the
loud
music?
A．She
turned
it
off.
B．She
turned
it
down.
C．She
plugged
in
her
headphones.
16．Why
does
the
man
want
Vivian
to
be
careful
about
the
loud
sound?
A．He
thinks
it
is
bad
for
her
hearing.
B．He
can't
concentrate
on
his
work.
C．He
is
afraid
to
have
a
heart
attack.
17．How
does
Vivian
probably
feel
about
the
man's
warnings
in
the
end?
A．Annoyed.
B．Surprised.
C．Amused.
听第
10
段材料，回答第
18
至
20
题。
18．When
does
the
conversation
probably
take
place?
A．In
the
morning.
B．In
the
afternoon.
C．In
the
evening.
19．What’s
the
weather
like
today?
A．Sunny.
B．Snowy.
C．Rainy.
20．Who
will
pick
up
the
children
from
school?
A．The
woman.
B．The
man.
C．Lily.
第二部分
阅读（共两节，满分
50
分）
第一节
（共
15
小题；每小题
2.5
分，满分
37.5
分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A、B、C
和
D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The
cost
of
living
in
countries
like
the
U.S.,
Britain,
Australia
or
France
has
skyrocketed
in
recent
years.
However,
if
you're
willing
to
leave
your
country
and
explore
life
in
other
areas,
there
are
many
countries
boasting
an
extremely
cheap
and
low
cost
of
living.
Check
out
the
following
countries
when
planning
your
next
move.
Ecuador
Ecuador
is
similar
to
the
United
States
in
many
ways,
and
as
a
result
has
become
a
popular
American
getaway.
They
even
use
the
U.S.
Dollar
for
their
currency.
In
this
country,
it's
cheaper
to
eat
out
every
day
than
cook
for
yourself
on
a
budget
in
the
U.S.
You
can
even
buy
a
property
for
around
$50,000
and
hire
someone
to
tend
to
it
while
you're
away.
Mexico
Although
the
country
is
known
for
its
poverty-ridden
streets,
there
are
many
wealthier
areas
that
provide
every
facility
you
might
need.
You
can
live
off
a
mere
$700
to
$800
a
month
in
Mexico,
and
this
includes
rent
for
a
nice
place,
facilities,
food,
and
any
sightseeing.
Argentina
Argentina
has
been
a
popular
tourist
destination
for
many
years.
It
has
great
restaurants,
a
rich
history,
and
many
places
to
explore.
Not
to
mention,
it's
not
very
expensive
to
live
here.
A
decent
sized
home
can
cost
around
$139,000,
which
is
relatively
cheap
in
relation
to
homes
in
the
United
States.
Vietnam
Vietnam
has
also
become
a
popular
tourist
destination
in
recent
years.
There
are
many
million-dollar
luxury
homes
by
the
beach,
but
you
can
find
a
modest
flat
or
small
home
for
around
$25,000
to
$50,000
if
you
search
in
the
right
areas.
21．Why
has
Ecuador
become
a
holiday
destination
for
Americans?
A．Because
housing
is
very
cheap.
B．Because
it
has
a
low
cost
of
living.
C．Because
it
is
similar
to
America
in
many
ways.
D．Because
it
has
lots
of
nice
places
for
sightseeing.
22．What
do
all
of
the
four
countries
have
in
common?
A．All
of
them
have
great
restaurants.
B．All
of
them
have
a
low
cost
of
living.
C．All
of
them
are
poor
developing
countries.
D．The
middle-sized
homes
are
a
little
expensive.
23．In
which
country
is
the
U.S.
dollar
used
for
its
currency?
A．Ecuador.
B．Mexico.
C．Argentina.
D．Vietnam.
B
A
24-year-old
Ethiopian
runner
Shura
Kitata
won
the
men’s
race
in
the
2020
Virgin
Money
London
Marathon,
crossing
the
line
in
2:05:41.
Kitata
finished
second
in
the
2018
London
Marathon
behind
the
world
record
holder
Eliud
Kipchoge.
However,
this
weekend,
Kitata
won
the
Virgin
Money
London
Marathon
and
thanked
fellow
Ethiopian,
Kenenisia
Bekele
for
his
win
when
he
talked
to
a
reporter
from
the
BBC．Kitata
said
Bekele
was
helping
him
for
the
race
and
advised
him
how
to
run.
He
trained
hard
for
the
same
course
in
this
way.
Fortunately,
he
won
the
race
for
his
hard
training.
Kitata
showed
his
excellent
performances
including
victories
at
the
2017
Rome
Marathon
and
2017
Frankfurt
Marathon
title
victories,
where
he
finished
separately
with
the
times
2:07:30
and
2:05:50.
Kitata
was
born
on
a
family
farm
in
central
Ethiopia,
not
far
from
the
capital
of
Addis
Ababa,
and
has
four
sisters
and
three
brothers.
As
a
youngster
at
school,
he
learned
quickly
about
his
country’s
marathon
history.
The
names
Abebe
Bikila,
Kenenisia
Bekele
and
Derartu
Tulu
left
a
deep
impression
on
him.
They
seemed
to
be
everywhere
t—textbooks,
news-papers
and
on
the
radio
so
that
even
before
he
started
running,
he
knew
about
the
marathon,
and
thought
it
very
thrilling.
He
loved
sports
and
began
running
at
primary
school.
When
he
performed
well,
he
just
rode
the
wave.
Kitata
took
part
in
his
first
marathon
five
years
ago
in
Shanghai,
finishing
third
in
2:08:50
and
soon
joined
an
elite
training
group
in
Addis
Ababa.
Now
he
appears
calm
to
join
the
ranks
of
great
Ethiopian
marathoners.
He
is
a
famous
sportsman,
like
the
ones
he
read
about
and
heard
so
much
about
during
his
childhood.
He
said
it
would
be
a
great
joy
to
add
his
story
to
the
stories
of
those
who
came
before
him.
24．What’s
Shura
Kitata’s
attitude
towards
Kenenisia
Bekele?
A．Doubtful
B．Tolerant
C．Grateful.
D．Unclear.
25．What
do
we
know
about
Shura
Kitata?
A．He
attended
two
marathons
in
total.
B．He
learned
about
marathon
from
his
brothers.
C．He
became
a
marathon
runner
at
primary
school.
D．He
had
a
passion
for
marathon
when
he
was
young.
26．What
does
the
underlined
word
“ones”
in
the
last
paragraph
refer
to?
A．Young
children
B．Great
marathon
runners
C．High
ranks
D．Joyful
stories.
27．Which
of
the
following
best
describes
Shura
Kitata?
A．Focused
and
athletic.
B．Modest
and
brave
C．Warm-hearted
and
humorous.
D．Open-minded
and
helpful
C
When
it
comes
to
sitting
properly,
we
all
know
the
correct
way
even
if
we
don't
do
it
to
the
letter.
No
crossed
legs,
bottoms
touching
the
back
of
the
chair
and
feet
on
the
ground.
But
even
if
you're
doing
it
right,
sitting
for
long
periods
is
shockingly
bad
for
you.
It
has
been
described
as
the
new
smoking,
linked
to
heart
disease
and
even
cancer.
There
is
no
doubt
we
should
all
try
to
do
less
of
it.
But
perhaps
we
could
also
do
it
better.
A
classic
survey,
published
in
1953,
described
100
different
sitting
postures
adopted
by
480
cultures
around
the
world.
Among
the
most
common
were
sitting
cross-legged,
kneeling
and
the
deep
squat
(深蹲),
with
feet
flat
on
the
ground
and
bottoms
resting
on
or
just
above
it.
Even
in
Western
cultures,
these
are
preferred
sitting
positions
among
young
children.
But
Westerners
tend
to
prefer
chair
use
from
an
early
age,
insisting
children
sit
on
seats
in
school.
One
big
problem
with
this
desire
for
chairs
is
that
they
make
sitting
so,
well,
sedentary
(久坐不动的).
Consider
the
Hadza,
a
group
of
hunter-gatherer
people
in
Tanzania.
They
spend
around
9
hours
a
day
sitting.
However,
they
squat
and
sit
on
the
ground
in
various
positions,
and
this
involves
high
levels
of
muscle
activity.
The
supportive
nature
of
chairs,
with
their
high
backs
and
armrests,
removes
this
effort
perhaps
the
reason
that
people
love
them.
So
what's
the
best
way
to
sit?
Josette
Bettany-SaItikov
at
Teesside
University,
UK
has
found
that
kneeling
can
help
keep
the
spine
in
a
better
position
as
does
squatting.
We
might
also
take
inspiration
from
traditional
cultures
like
the
Hadza.
"Use
a
variety
of
postures
and
preferably
not
just
still
postures
but
some
which
allow
movement,"
says
Bettany-Saltikov.
Bettany-Saltikov
believes
that
we
should
be
rethinking
what
it
means
to
do
a
desk
job.
"We
still
need
to
design
workplaces
that
enable
people
to
be
productive
while
being
lightly
active,
like
with
under-table
cycling
or
walking
desks,"
she
says.
For
now,
if
your
job
is
sedentary,
don't
forget
to
stand
up
regularly
and
move
around.
28．What
does
the
author
think
of
sitting
properly
for
long?
A．It
still
does
some
harm.
B．It
improves
body
shape.
C．It
can
prevent
heart
disease.
D．It
may
cause
smoking-related
illnesses.
29．What
is
the
Western
sitting
culture?
A．Children
should
sit
in
their
preferred
manner.
B．Children
should
take
their
seats
while
sitting.
C．Children
should
practice
sitting
cross-legged.
D．Children
should
learn
different
sitting
postures.
30．How
do
the
Hadza
sit?
A．They
sit
for
short
periods
of
time.
B．They
sit
for
the
purpose
of
exercise.
C．They
use
some
muscles
while
sitting.
D．They
remain
generally
still
while
sitting.
31．What
does
Bettany-Saltikov
advise
employees
to
do?
A．Combine
exercise
and
their
work.
B．Improve
their
productivity
at
work.
C．Kneel
or
go
cycling
as
often
as
possible.
D．Start
exercising
as
soon
as
they
leave
work.
D
You
are
given
many
opportunities
in
life
to
choose
to
be
a
victim
or
creator.
When
you
choose
to
be
a
victim,
the
world
is
a
cold
and
difficult
place.
“They”
did
things
to
you
which
caused
all
of
your
pain
and
suffering.
“They”
are
wrong
and
bad,
and
life
is
terrible
as
long
as
“they”
are
around.
Or
you
may
blame
yourself
for
all
your
problems,
thus
internalizing(内化)your
victimization.
The
truth
is,
your
life
is
likely
to
stay
that
way
as
long
as
you
feel
a
need
to
blame
yourself
or
others.
Those
who
choose
to
be
creators
look
at
life
quite
differently.
They
know
there
are
individuals
who
might
like
to
control
their
lives,
but
they
don't
let
this
get
in
the
way.
They
know
they
have
their
weaknesses,
yet
they
don't
blame
themselves
when
they
fail.
Whatever
happens,
they
have
choice
in
the
matter.
They
believe
their
dance
with
each
sacred(神圣的)moment
of
life
is
a
gift
and
that
storms
are
a
natural
part
of
life
which
can
bring
the
rain
needed
for
emotional
and
spiritual
growth.
Victims
and
creators
live
in
the
same
physical
world
and
deal
with
many
of
the
same
physical
realities,
yet
their
experience
of
life
is
worlds
apart.
Victims
relish(沉溺)in
anger,
guilt,
and
other
emotions
that
cause
others--and
even
themselves-to
feel
like
victims,
too.
Creators
consciously
choose
love,
inspiration,
and
other
qualities
which
inspire
not
only
themselves,
but
al1around
them.
Both
victims
and
creators
always
have
choice
to
determine
the
direction
of
their
lives.
In
reality,
all
of
us
play
the
victim
or
the
creator
at
various
points
in
our
lives.
One
person,
on
losing
a
job
or
a
special
relationship,
may
feel
as
if
it
is
the
end
of
the
world
and
sink
into
terrible
suffering
for
months,
years,
or
even
a
lifetime.
Another
with
the
same
experience
may
choose
to
first
experience
the
grief,
then
accept
the
loss
and
soon
move
on
to
be
a
powerful
creative
force
in
his
life.
In
every
moment
and
every
circumstance,
you
can
choose
to
have
fuller,
richer
life
by
setting
a
clear
intention
to
transform
the
victim
within,
and
by
inviting
into
your
life
the
powerful
creator
that
you
are.
32．What
does
the
word
“they”
in
Paragraph
1
probably
refer
to?
A．People
and
things
around
you.
B．Opportunities
and
problems.
C．Creators
and
their
choices.
D．Victims
and
their
sufferings.
33．According
to
Paragraph
2,
creators__________.
A．seem
willing
to
experience
failures
in
life
B．possess
the
ability
to
predict
future
life
C．handle
ups
and
downs
of
life
wisely
D．have
potential
to
create
something
new
34．What
is
the
author's
purpose
in
writing
this
passage?
A．To
define
victims
and
creators.
B．To
evaluate
victims
against
creators.
C．To
explain
the
relationship
between
victims
and
creators.
D．To
suggest
the
transformation
from
victims
to
creators.
35．The
examples
mentioned
in
Paragraph
4
show
that_________.
A．strong
attachment
to
sufferings
in
life
pulls
people
into
victims.
B．people
need
family
support
to
deal
with
challengers
in
life.
C．it
takes
creators
quite
a
long
time
to
get
rid
of
their
pains.
D．one's
experiences
determine
his
attitude
toward
life.
第二节
（共
5
小题；每小题
2.5
分，满分
12.5
分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。
You
know
that
overnight
success
usually
takes
at
least
10
years?
One
man
said,
“My
overnight
success
was
the
longest
night
of
my
life,
I
spent
many
days
and
nights
just
getting
there.”
36．
Many
people
are
waiting
for
their
ship
to
come
in-when
they’ve
not
even
sent
it
out
of
the
harbor(海港).
You
see,
winners
simply
do
what
losers
don’t
want
to
do.
37．
Success
is
mostly
just
hanging
on
after
others
have
let
go!
So
the
most
important
trip
you’ll
make
is
when
you
go
the
extra
mile.
Many
people
who
have
failed
do
not
know
how
close
they
are
to
success
when
they
give
up.
38．
One
guy
said,
“The
secret
to
success
is
to
start
from
doing
and
to
keep
on
doing.”
So
don’t
give
up
because
your
trying
times
are
hard.
39．
If
we
keep
doing,
we
can
gain
almost
anything
we
want.
The
American
President
Calvin
Coolidge
said,
“Nothing
can
bring
success
like
persistence(坚持).
Talent
can’t,
for
there
are
many
talented
people
who
are
not
successful.
40．
Only
persistence
and
determination
can
give
you
the
power
to
succeed.”
You
see,
you
can
succeed
just
like
anyone
else,
just
keep
wanting
it
enough
and
to
keep
working
for
it
enough.
So
why
not
decide
it
today
to
start
going
the
extra
mile
on
the
road
to
your
success?
A.
They
don’t
actually
fail;
they
just
give
up
too
easily.
B.
They
made
all
the
efforts
without
any
results.
C.
Remember,
“Rome
was
not
built
in
a
day.”
D.
Education
can’t,
for
the
world
is
full
of
educated
losers.
E.
And
they
keep
doing
it
till
they
get
the
success
they
want.
F.
Never
forget,
it
is
persistence
that
matters.
G.
Give
it
all
you’ve
got
and
you
can
never
fail.
第三部分
语言运用（共两节，满分
30
分）
第一节
（共
15
小题；每小题
1
分，满分
15
分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的
A、B、C
和
D
四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Organizations
and
societies
rely
on
fines
and
rewards
to
control
people's
self-interest
in
the
service
of
the
common
good.
The
41
of
a
ticket
keeps
drivers
in
line,
and
the
promise
of
a
bonus
inspires
high
performance.
But
incentives
(激励)
can
also
42
,
minifying
the
very
behavior
they're
meant
to
encourage.
A
generation
ago,
Richard
Titmuss
claimed
that
paying
people
to
donate
blood
43
the
supply.
Economists
were
skeptical,
citing
a
lack
of
scientific
evidence.
But
since
then,
new
data
and
models
have
prompted
a
sea
change
in
how
economists
think
about
incentives-showing,
among
other
things,
that
Titmuss
was
right
in
so
many
cases
that
businesses
should
44
.
Experimental
economists
have
found
that
offering
to
pay
women
for
donating
blood
decreases
the
number
willing
to
donate
by
almost
half,
and
that
letting
them
contribute
the
payment
to
charity
45
the
effect.
Dozens
of
recent
experiments
show
that
rewarding
self-interest
with
economic
incentives
can
have
the
opposite
result
when
they
destroy
what
Adam
Smith
called
"the
moral
sentiments(情绪)”.
The
psychology
here
has
escaped
blackboard
economists,
but
it
will
be
no
surprise
to
people
in
business:
When
we
take
a
job
or
buy
a
car,
we
are
not
only
trying
to
get
stuff-
we
are
also
trying
to
be
a
certain
kind
of
person.
46
,
people
desire
to
be
respected
by
others
as
ethical
and
47
.
And
they
don't
want
to
be
taken
for
losers.
Rewarding
blood
donations
may
not
serve
the
intended
purpose
because
it
suggests
that
the
donor
is
less
interested
in
being
48
than
in
making
a
dollar.
Incentives
also
run
into
trouble
when
they
signal
that
the
employer
49
the
employee
or
is
greedy.
Close
supervision
of
workers
coupled
with
50
for
performance
is
textbook
economics,
but
it
can
lead
to
the
depression
of
employees.
Perhaps
most
important,
incentives
affect
what
our
actions
signal,
whether
we're
being
self-interested
or
civic-minded,
manipulated
or
trusted
and
they
can
imply--sometimes
wrongly--what
51
us.
Fines
or
public
criticism
that
appeal
to
our
moral
sentiments
by
signaling
social
disapproval
(think
of
littering)
can
be
highly
effective.
But
incentives
go
wrong
when
they
52
or
diminish
our
ethical
sensibilities.
This
does
not
mean
it's
53
to
appeal
to
self-interested
and
ethical
motivations
at
the
same
time--just
that
efforts
to
do
so
often
fail.
54
,
policies
support
socially
valued
ends
not
only
by
controlling
self-interest
but
also
by
encouraging
public-spiritedness.
The
small
tax
on
plastic
grocery
bags
passed
by
law
in
Ireland
in
2002
that
resulted
in
their
virtual
elimination
appears
to
have
had
such
an
effect.
It
punished
offenders
55
while
conveying
a
moral
message.
Carrying
a
plastic
bag
joined
wearing
a
fur
coat
in
the
gallery
of
anti-social
anachronisms.
41．A．temptation
B．threat
C．value
D．equivalent
42．A．overflow
B．backfire
C．survive
D．work
43．A．reduced
B．affected
C．afforded
D．balanced
44．A．cut
back
B．stand
by
C．take
note
D．hold
on
45．A．cause
B．reverse
C．take
D．detect
46．A．In
other
words
B．On
the
contrary
C．By
contrast
D．In
addition
47．A．satisfied
B．determined
C．dignified
D．discouraged
48．A．unselfish
B．ambitious
C．thoughtful
D．aggressive
49．A．boasts
B．values
C．encourages
D．mistrusts
50．A．requirement
B．criticism
C．implication
D．reward
51．A．supports
B．threatens
C．motivates
D．changes
52．A．refine
B．offend
C．control
D．arouse
53．A．impossible
B．strange
C．necessary
D．abnormal
54．A．Rarely
B．Occasionally
C．Surprisingly
D．Ideally
55．A．publicly
B．severely
C．monetarily
D．mildly
第二节
（共
10
小题；每小题
1.5
分，满分
15
分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不超过
3
个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
Creator
of
Middle
Earth
John
Ronald
Reuel
Tolkien,
better
known
as
J.
R.
R.
Tolkien,
was
born
in
1892
in
South
Africa.
His
parents
had
moved
there
looking
for
56．
better
job
for
his
father.
Three
years
57．
(late),
his
mother
took
him
on
a
trip
to
England
to
visit
family.
While
they
were
away,
they
received
terrible
news
that
his
father
had
died.
58．
(grow
)
up
without
a
father
must
have
been
difficult
for
Tolkien.
Worse
still,
when
he
was
only
twelve
years
old,
his
mother
also
passed
away.
As
a
child,
he
had
a
great
passion
for
language
and
in
1908,
he
went
to
Oxford
University
59．
(study)
languages
and
literature.
In
1915,
he
joined
the
army
and
fought
in
the
battle
against
the
Germans.
But
soon,
he
became
too
ill
to
fight
and
returned
60．
England
the
following
year.
He
didn’t
have
a
61．
(satisfy)
childhood
himself,
so
around
in
1933,
he
spent
much
time
telling
his
children
fantasy
62．
(story)
of
a
hobbit
(霍比特人)
called
Bilbo.
He
first
put
it
in
writing
in
1936,
63．
turned
out
to
be
a
surprising
hit.
The
publisher
asked
him
to
write
another.
He
did
so
and
in
1948
published
The
Lord
of
the
Rings,
which
64．
(publish)
in
three
volumes
between
1954
and
1955.
Tolkien,
65．
(age)
eighty-one,
died
in
1973.
第四部分
写作（共两节，满分
40
分）
第一节（满分
15
分）
假定你是李华，你校英文报就“如何保护中国传统文化”为主题征集学生建议。请根据以下内容，给报社写一封信。
内容包括：
1.保护中国传统文化的重要性；
2.你对中国传统文化保护的建议。
注意：1.词数
80
左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节：读后续写（满分
25
分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Soapy
sat
on
a
seat
in
Madison
Square,
New
York,
and
looked
up
at
the
sky.
A
deal
leaf
fell
onto
his
arm.
Winter
is
coming,
and
Soapy
knew
that
he
must
make
his
plans.
He
moved
unhappily
on
his
sea.
He
wanted
three
months
in
a
nice,
warm
prison,
with
food
and
good
friends.
This
was
how
he
usually
spent
his
winters.
And
now
it
was
time,
because,
at
night
on
his
seat
in
the
square,
three
newspapers
did
not
keep
out
the
cold.
So
Soapy
decided
to
go
to
prison,
and
at
once
began
to
try
his
first
plan.
It
was
usually
easy.
He
ate
dinner
in
an
expensive
restaurant.
Then
he
told
them
he
had
no
money
and
they
called
a
policeman.
Nice
and
easy,
with
no
trouble.
So
Soapy
left
his
seat,
and
walked
slowly
along
the
street.
Soon
he
came
to
a
bright
restaurant
on
Broadway.
Ah!
This
was
all
right.
He
just
had
to
get
to
a
table
in
the
restaurant
and
sit
down.
That
was
all,
because,
when
he
sat
down,
people
could
only
see
his
coat
and
his
shirt,
which
were
not
very
old.
Nobody
could
see
his
trousers.
He
thought
about
the
meal---not
too
expensive,
but
good.
But
when
Soapy
went
into
the
restaurant,
the
waiter
saw
Soapy’s
dirty
old
trousers
and
terrible
shoes.
Strong
hands
turned
him
round
and
helped
him
out
into
the
street
again.
注意:
1.
所续写短文的词数应为
150
左右；
2.
续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph
1:
So
now
he
had
to
think
of
something
different.
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2:
He
began
to
walk
back
to
Madison
Square
and
home----his
seat.
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分
听力（共两节，满分
30
分）
1．C
【原文】
W:
Why
don’t
you
go
outside?
You’re
always
sitting
inside
the
house,
mostly
watching
TV.
It’s
summertime.
Go
for
a
bike
ride
with
your
friends
or
play
basketball
in
the
park.
M:
I
don’t
feel
like
it.
Summer
is
for
being
lazy.
I
work
hard
all
year
at
school,
and
all
I
want
to
do
in
the
summer
is
sit
around
and
relax.
2．A
【原文】
M:
I
have
to
do
the
washing-up
early
in
the
morning.
W:
Poor
you.
While
you
are
doing
the
washing-up,
I
will
be
having
breakfast
in
bed.
3．C
【原文】
W:
My
husband
and
I
have
been
kept
here
waiting
nearly
an
hour
for
our
meal!
M:
I
am
sorry.
Our
staff
have
been
kept
unusually
busy
now.
We
have
so
many
guests
today.
I
will
see
to
it
personally.
4．C
【原文】
W:
John,
pick
up
the
package
downstairs,
OK?
I
must
go
to
work
now.
M:
Oh,
Mum,
you
know
I
have
to
do
my
homework
now.
Why
not
ask
Lisa?
W:
You
are
always
looking
for
excuses.
Lisa
is
going
out
for
her
piano
class.
5．C
【原文】
M:
Ms.
Brown,
can
you
tell
me
my
arrangements
today?
W:
At
9
o'clock,
you
have
a
meeting.
And
then
you
should
have
lunch
with
your
business
partner.
Oh,
you
said
you
will
buy
a
gift
for
your
son
today.
6．A
7．C
M:
Oh,
the
phone
is
ringing!
W:
Wait!
Let
me
answer
the
phone.
It
must
be
mine!
Hello,
this
is
Betty
speaking.
Who’s
calling?
What?
Happy
Coffee
Shop?
Wrong
number!
M:
Wow.
Why
did
you
speak
so
rudely
and
loudly?
W:
I
thought
it
was
a
call
about
the
result
of
my
interview.
M:
Darling.
Please
stop
being
so
anxious.
Didn’t
you
say
that
they
would
inform
you
in
a
week?
W:
It
has
been
two
days…
M:
You
need
to
be
patient.
They
can
never
decide
an
important
thing
like
this
in
a
great
hurry.
Try
to
calm
down.
W:
Perhaps
you
are
right.
I’ll
just
try
to
wait
peacefully.
M:
Good.
8．B
9．A
10．A
【原文】
W:
Hi,
John,
you
know
the
music
festival
that’s
starting
this
Saturday?
M:
Um…
someone
mentioned
it.
Is
it
any
good?
W:
It’s
great!
Mostly
small
folk
groups,
but
they
have
well-known
bands
too.
Some
of
us
go
every
year—you
want
to
join
us?
M:
But…
isn’t
it
too
late
to
get
tickets.
W:
Well,
the
way
it
works
is…about
6
a.m.
on
Friday,
people
start
lining
up
in
the
park.
We
all
bring
something
to
sit
on—and
food—so
the
wait
is
not
bad.
As
long
as
you’re
at
the
park
by
six,
you’ll
get
a
ticket.
M:
OK.
I
think
I
can
get
there
by
six.
I’ll
go!
11．B
12．C
13．A
【原文】
M:
Hi,
Jane.
Where
are
you
going
this
summer
holiday?
W:
Nowhere.
I’m
staying
at
home
to
help
my
mother
in
the
shop.
What
are
you
going
to
do
for
the
holidays,
Tom?
M:
I’m
not
sure
yet.
But
I’m
thinking
of
going
to
the
beach
with
my
brothers.
W:
That’ll
be
nice.
How
long
are
you
going
to
stay
there?
M:
Couple
of
days,
I
guess.
Say,
would
you
like
to
come
along
with
us?
We
can
go
swimming
in
the
sea.
W:
Thanks,
but
maybe
next
time.
My
mother
really
needs
some
help
in
the
shop.
Besides,
I
don’t
want
to
miss
my
piano
lessons.
So
have
fun,
and
I’ll
see
you
in
September.
M:
Well,
see
you
then.
Enjoy
your
holidays.
14．A
15．C
16．A
17．B
【原文】
M:
What
is
that
noise?
How
can
you
study
in
here,
Vivian?
W:
Sorry,
Dad.
I
like
to
listen
to
loud
music
when
I
study.
It
helps
me
concentrate.
M:
Well,
it's
a
little
too
loud,
isn't
it?
You’ll
get
us
kicked
out
of
our
apartment
if
you
keep
playing
your
music
that
loud.
W:
Come
on,
don't
be
silly!
Anyway,
I
thought
I
had
my
headphones
plugged
in…
there,
is
that
better?
M:
It
definitely
sounds
better
out
here,
but
what
about
in
those
earphones?
Do
you
still
have
the
music
turned
all
the
way
up?
It
will
ruin
your
hearing.
Do
you
want
to
be
one
of
those
people
walking
around
with
a
hearing
aid
before
you’re
forty?
W:
Of
course
not.
But
is
it
really
that
dangerous?
M:
It
is.
I
was
reading
an
article
about
this
a
few
days
ago.
The
sounds
in
the
city
are
so
much
louder
than
humans
are
built
to
tolerate.
All
these
loud
noises
combined
together
contribute
to
stress,
hearing
loss
and
even
heart
attacks.
W:
If
that's
true,
it's
more
serious
than
I
thought.
M:
I
just
want
you
to
take
care
of
yourself.
W:
OK.
I'm
turning
down
the
music
now.
18．B
19．C
20．B
【原文】
W:
Hello,
is
that
Hill?
M:
Yes,
this
is
Hill
speaking.
W:
This
is
Julia.
M:
Oh,
Julia,
what’s
the
matter?
W:
I’m
phoning
to
tell
you
that
I’m
afraid
I
won’t
have
enough
time
to
pick
up
little
Mary
and
Lily
from
school.
M:
Why?
W:
Don’t
you
see
that
it
is
raining
hard
outside?
M:
Oh.
I’m
sorry.
I
didn’t
know
that.
W:
I
can’t
ride
a
bike
in
such
a
heavy
rain
and
I
have
to
take
a
bus
home.
M:
Yes,
I
know.
That’s
OK.I
will
pick
up
the
children,
but
I
don’t
think
I
can
finish
my
work
early
this
afternoon,
so
it
will
be
quite
late
when
I
arrive
at
the
school.
W:
I
don’t
think
it
matters
much.
I
can
tell
them
to
wait
for
you
at
the
school
gate
after
school.
M:
OK.
第二部分
阅读（共两节，满分
50
分）
21．C
22．B
23．A
【分析】
本文是应用文，介绍了四个生活成本不高的旅游目的地国家。
21．细节理解题。根据第二自然段中“Ecuador
is
similar
to
the
United
States
in
many
ways,
and
as
a
result
has
become
a
popular
American
getaway.”（厄瓜多尔在许多方面与美国相似，
因此成为美国人的度假胜地。）可知，美国人去厄瓜多尔的原因是厄瓜多尔在许多方面与美国相似。故选
C
项。
22．细节理解题。根据第一自然段中“there
are
many
countries
boasting
an
extremely
cheap
and
low
cost
of
living.”（有许多国家以其极低的生活成本而出名。）可知下文推荐的四个国家的生活成本都不高。故选
B
项。
23．细节理解题。根据第二自然段中“They
even
use
the
U.S.
Dollar
for
their
currency.”（他们甚至使用美元作为他们的货币。）可知，厄瓜多尔使用美元。故选
A
项。
24．C
25．D
26．B
27．A
【分析】
本文属于记叙文，24
岁的埃塞俄比亚选手
Shura
Kitata
获得
2020
年伦敦马拉松比赛的冠军，他从小就热爱马拉松，并且多次参加马拉松比赛。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Kitata
won
the
Virgin
Money
London
Marathon
and
thanked
fellow
Ethiopian,
Kenenisia
Bekele
for
his
win
when
he
talked
to
a
reporter
from
the
BBC.”
可知，Kitata
赢得了伦敦马拉松比赛，在接受
BBC
采访的时候感谢
Kenenisia
Bekele，
故可知，他对
Kenenisia
Bekele
是充满感激的，故选
C。
25．推理判断题。根据第四段“As
a
youngster
at
school,
he
learned
quickly
about
his
country’s
marathon
history.
The
names
Abebe
Bikila,
Kenenisia
Bekele
and
Derartu
Tulu
left
a
deep
impression
on
him.
They
seemed
to
be
everywhere
t—textbooks,
news-papers
and
on
the
radio
so
that
even
before
he
started
running,
he
knew
about
the
marathon,
and
thought
it
very
thrilling.”可知，作为一个在校的年轻人，他很快就了解了自己国家的马拉松历史。阿贝贝·比基拉、肯尼西亚·贝凯莱和德拉图·图鲁的名字给他留下了深刻的印象。埃塞俄比亚的马拉松名人的事迹出现在各个地方，在开始练习跑步之前，就知道了马拉松比赛，认为很有趣，故可知，他对马拉松比赛很热爱，故选
D。
26．词义猜测题。根据第六段“He
is
a
famous
sportsman”以及
“he
read
about
and
heard
so
much
about
during
his
childhood”可知，他现在是个运动名人，就像他孩子时代读过的以及听过的那些人一样，one
为代词，指代前伟大的马拉松运动员，结合选项，故选
B。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段
“He
loved
sports
and
began
running
at
primary
school.”以及全文可知，他从小就喜欢运动，小学时开始跑步，并且一直坚持马拉松训练，24
岁的埃塞俄比亚选手
Shura
Kitata
获得
2020
年伦敦马拉松比赛的冠军，并且多次参加马拉松比赛。可以得出他很专注于自己的运动，同时也是运动型的人，故选
A。
28．A
29．B
30．C
31．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是不同坐姿给健康带来的影响。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“But
even
if
you'
re
doing
it
right,
sitting
for
long
periods
is
shockingly
bad
for
you.(但即使你做得对，长时间坐着也会对你造成惊人的伤害。)”可知，即使坐地正确，久坐还是会有危害，A
项表达正确，故选
A
项。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Even
in
Western
cultures,
these
are
preferred
sitting
positions
among
young
children.
But
Westerners
tend
to
prefer
chair
use
from
an
early
age,
insisting
children
sit
on
seats
in
school.(即使在西方文化中，这些坐姿也是孩子们的首选。但西方人从很小的时候就倾向于使用椅子，坚持让孩子在学校坐在椅子上。)”可知，在西方文化中，孩子要坐在座位上，故选
B
项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“However,
they
squat
and
sit
on
the
ground
in
various
positions,
and
this
involves
high
levels
of
muscle
activity.
(然而，他们以各种姿势蹲坐在地上，这涉及到高水平的肌肉活动。)”可知，Hadza
人坐着的时候会运用到肌肉，故选
C
项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“
‘We
still
need
to
design
workplaces
that
enable
people
to
be
productive
while
being
lightly
active,
like
with
under-table
cycling
or
walking
desks,’
she
says.
For
now,
if
your
job
is
sedentary,
don'
t
forget
to
stand
up
regularly
and
move
around.”(她说:“我们仍然需要设计出一种工作场所，让人们在轻度活动的同时保持高效，比如桌下的自行车或步行桌，”现在，如果你的工作是久坐不动的，别忘了定期站起来走动走动。)可知，Bettany-Saltikov
建议人们适当地把工作和运动结合起来，故选
A
项。
32．A
33．C
34．D
35．A
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了两种截然不同的人，一种是消极悲观怨天尤人的“受害者”，另一种是积极主动主宰自己命运的“缔造者”。在挫折面前他们表现出不同的态度，作者建议人们要转变心态，从命运的“受害者”变成自己命运的主宰者。
32．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“When
you
choose
to
be
a
victim,
the
world
is
a
cold
and
difficult
place.
(当你选择成为一个受害者，世界将是一个寒冷而艰难的地方。)”可知，当你选择消极悲观，世界就会报你以冷漠和艰难。那么周围的人和事就会带给你痛苦和苦难。因此代词
they
指的是“你所在的这个世界上的人和事”。故选
A
项。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They
believe
their
dance
with
each
sacred(神圣的)moment
of
life
is
a
gift
and
that
storms
are
a
natural
part
of
life
which
can
bring
the
rain
needed
for
emotional
and
spiritual
growth.
(他们相信他们与生命中每一个神圣时刻共舞是一份礼物，风暴是生命的自然组成部分，它可以带来情感和精神成长所需的雨水。)”可知，“创造者”对待人生的坎坷起伏的态度是很明智的，认为这是实现情感和精神成长的营养。故选
C
项。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In
every
moment
and
every
circumstance,
you
can
choose
to
have
fuller,
richer
life
by
setting
a
clear
intention
to
transform
the
victim
within,
and
by
inviting
into
your
life
the
powerful
creator
that
you
are.
(在每一刻、每一种情况下，你都可以选择拥有更充实、更丰富的生活，方法是设定一个明确的意图来改变内心的“受害者”，并邀请你自己这个强大的“缔造者”进入你的生活。)”可知，文章讲述了两种人对待挫折困境的不同态度，不同做法，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是建议从“受害者”转变到“缔造者”。故选
D
项。
35．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Victims
and
creators
live
in
the
same
physical
world
and
deal
with
many
of
the
same
physical
realities,
yet
their
experience
of
life
is
worlds
apart.
Victims
relish(沉溺)in
anger,
guilt,
and
other
emotions
that
cause
others--and
even
themselves---to
feel
like
victims,
too.
(在现实生活中，我们每个人在生活的不同阶段都扮演着“受害者”或“缔造者”的角色。一个人，在失去工作或一段特殊的关系时，可能会觉得这是世界末日，并陷入可怕的痛苦数月，数年，甚至一生。)”可知，第四段提到的例子表明，强烈沉溺于生活中的苦难会使人们成为“受害者”。故选
A
项。
36．C
37．E
38．A
39．F
40．D
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。主要讲的是成功不是一朝一夕的事，坚持是实现成功的关键要素。
36．根据空前的
You
know
that
overnight
success
usually
takes
at
least
10
years?
你知道一夜成名通常需要至少
10
年的时间吗?可知此处想要表达的是成功不是一朝一夕的事，故C
项（记住，“罗马不是一天建成的。”）符合本段主题，故选
C
项。
37．根据空前的
You
see,
winners
simply
do
what
losers
don’t
want
to
do.
你看，胜利者只是做失败者不想做的事。可知
C
选项中的
they
指代前文的
winners，且和前文是并列关系，且句意（他们一直这样做，直到他们得到他们想要的成功）联系上下文，故选
E
项。
38．根据空前的
Many
people
who
have
failed
do
not
know
how
close
they
are
to
success
when
they
give
up.
许多失败的人不知道当他们放弃的时候离成功有多近。可知
A
选项中的
they
指代前文的
many
people，且语意（他们实际上没有失败;他们太容易放弃了）承接上文，故选
A
项。
39．根据文章结构可知，空处填段落的主旨句，根据空后的
If
we
keep
doing,
we
can
gain
almost
anything
we
want….
Talent
can’t,
for
there
are
many
talented
people
who
are
not
successful.可知坚持能带来我们想要的一切，天赋不能决定成功，因为有很多有天赋的人并不成功。故
F
选项（永远不要忘记，坚持才是最重要的）可概括本段内容，且选项中的
persistence
和下文相呼应，故选
F
项。
40．根据空前的
Talent
can’t,
for
there
are
many
talented
people
who
are
not
successful.可知从句子结构上和
D
项构成排比句，且
D
选项语意（教育不能，因为世界上到处都是受过教育的失败者）和本段主旨相关，故选
D
项。
第三部分
语言运用（共两节，满分
30
分）
41．B
42．B
43．A
44．C
45．B
46．B
47．C
48．A
49．A
40．D
51．C
52．B
53．A
54．D
55．C
【分析】
本文是议论文。本文就经济激励产生适得其反结果的现象做了深入探讨。。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：交通违章罚款单的威胁可使驾车者保持队列，而关于奖金红利的许诺可以激发高业绩。A.temptation
诱惑；B.threat
威胁；C.value
价值；D.equivalent
对等的人；当量。根据上文“Organizations
and
societies
rely
on
fines
and
rewards
to
control
people's
self-interest
in
the
service
of
the
common
good.”可知，各类组织和团体依靠罚款和奖金来控制人们在公益服务中的自私自利。因此推断交通罚单的威胁可以让司机有秩序。故选
B。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是激励也可能产生适得其反的结果——减少原本想要鼓励的行为。
A.overflow
溢出；B.backfire
适得其反；C.survive
幸存；D.work
工作。根据下文“minifying
the
very
behavior
they're
meant
to
encourage.”可知，激励减少了原本要鼓励的行为，因此产生了适得其反的结果。故选
B。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：约
20——30
年之前，理查德·蒂特马斯(Richard
Titmuss)声称，付钱让人们献血会减少血液供应。A.reduced
减少；B.affected
影响；C.afforded
给予；提供；D.balanced
保持稳定。根据上文“But
incentives
(激励)
can
also
___2___,
minifying
the
very
behavior
they're
meant
to
encourage.”可知，激励可以产生适得其反的结果，减少原本要激励的行为，因此推断付钱让人们献血会减少供应。故选
A。
44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但自那以后，新的数据和模型促使经济学家对激励的看法发生了翻天覆地的变化——这表明，蒂特马斯在很多情况下都是正确的，企业应该注意到这一点。A.cut
back
削减；B.stand
by
支持；袖手旁观；C.take
note
注意到；记笔记；D.hold
on
等一下；继续。根据上文“Titmuss
was
right
in
so
many
cases”可推断，蒂特马斯在很多情况下都是正确，因此企业应该注意。故选
C。
45．考查动词词义辨析。
句意：实验经济学家发现，给捐血女性提供报酬使愿意捐血的人数减少了将近一半，而让她们将捐血所得贡献给福利事业扭转了这个局面。A.cause
导致；B.reverse
撤销；颠倒；C.take
拿；取；D.detect
发现；觉察。根据第一段的“But
incentives
(激励)
can
also
___2___,
minifying
the
very
behavior
they're
meant
to
encourage.”可推断，
激励会产生适得其反的结果，因此推断给捐血的女性报酬没有更多的人献血，但是让她们把捐血所得给福利事业就扭转了局面。故选
B。
46．考查固定短语辨析。
句意：恰恰相反，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。
A.In
other
words
换句话说；B.On
the
contrary
恰恰相反；C.By
contrast
相比之下；D.In
addition
此外。根据上文“Dozens
of
recent
experiments
show
that
rewarding
self-interest
with
economic
incentives
can
have
the
opposite
result
when
they
destroy
what
Adam
Smith
called
"the
moral
sentiments(情绪)”.”可知，大量近期的实验表明，当激励损害了亚当·斯密所说的“道德情操”时，以经济激励奖赏私利可能产生适得其反的结果。因此推断，相反的，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和美好情操的人。故选
B。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。
句意：恰恰相反，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。
A.satisfied
满意的；B.determined
意志坚定的；C.dignified
有尊严的；D.discouraged
灰心的。根据上文“people
desire
to
be
respected
by
others”可知，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。故选
C。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。
句意：奖励献血可能达不到预期的目的，是因为它暗含“捐血者对无私奉献的兴趣少于对挣钱的热衷”之意。
A.unselfish
无私的；慷慨的；B.ambitious
雄心勃勃的；C.thoughtful
体贴的；D.aggressive
咄咄逼人的。根据上文“letting
them
contribute
the
payment
to
charity”可知，此处说的是无私奉献与挣钱进行对比。故选
A。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当激励暗示雇主夸耀雇员或贪婪时，激励也会遇到麻烦。
A.boasts
自吹自擂；夸耀；B.values
重视；C.encourages
鼓励；D.mistrusts
不信任。由下文的“greedy”可推断，此处表示雇主过分夸耀雇工，激励也会遇到麻烦，故选
A。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：密切监督员工并对其表现进行奖励是典型的经济学，但这可能会导致员工的抑郁。A.requirement
要求；B.criticism
批评；C.implication
暗示；D.reward
奖赏。根据下文“for
performance
is
textbook
economics”和常识可知，员工会因为好的表现被给予奖励。故选
D。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：或许最为重要的是，激励影响我们的行为所传达的信息：我们是自私自利还是热心公益，被操控还是被信任，而且激励可以暗示——有时错误地暗示——我们的动机是什么。A.supports
支持；B.threatens
威胁；C.motivates
激励；D.change
改变。由破折号后对前文“whether
we're
being
self-interested
or
civic-minded,
manipulated
or
trusted
（我们是自私自利还是热心公益，被操控还是被信任）”解释说明可知，此处说的是是什么激励了我们。故选
C。
52．考查动词词义辨析。
句意：通过传达社会的不赞同来启发我们的道德情操的罚款或者公开批评（如乱丢垃圾)颇具成效。可是一旦触犯或者削弱了我们的道德感情，激励就会出问题。A.refine
改善；B.offend
冒犯；C.control
控制；D.arouse
引起。由
But
可推断，上下文是转折关系，根据上文“Fines
or
public
criticism
that
appeal
to
our
moral
sentiments
by
signaling
social
disapproval
(think
of
littering)
can
be
highly
effective.”可推断，触犯或者削弱道德情感会让激励出问题。故选
B。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。
句意：这并不意味着同时启发自私自利且合乎道德的动机是不可能的——只是这样的努力往往以失败告终。A.impossible
不可能的；B.strange
奇怪的；C.necessary
必要的；D.abnormal
不正常的。根据下文“policies
support
socially
valued
ends
not
only
by
controlling
self-interest
but
also
by
encouraging
public-spiritedness.(
政策不但要通过治理自私，而且要通过鼓励公共道德来拥护社会上受重视的目标)”可知，这并不意味着同时启发自私自利且合乎道德的动机是不可能的。故选
A。
54．考查副词词义辨析。
句意：理想的状况下，政策不但要通过治理自私，而且要通过鼓励公共道德来拥护社会上受重视的目标。A.Rarely
很少；B.Occasionally
偶尔；
C.Surprisingly
出人意料地；D.Ideally
理想地。根据常识可知，既治理了自私又鼓励了公共道德是理想的。故选
D。
55．考查副词词义辨析。
句意：它在从金钱上惩罚违规者的同时，也传达了一种道德信息。
A.publicly
公然地；B.severely
严重地；
C.monetarily
财政地；从金钱上；
D.mildly
温和地。根据上文“The
small
tax
on
plastic
grocery
bags
passed
by
law
in
Ireland
in
2002
that
resulted
in
their
virtual
elimination
appears
to
have
had
such
an
effect.（2002
年爱尔兰通过的向塑料杂货袋征收小额税款（的法案)取得了实际上消除塑料袋的结果，这似乎就起到了这样的效果。）”可知，从金钱上惩罚了冒犯者。故选
C。
56．a
57．later
58．Growing
59．to
study
60．to
61．satisfying/satisfactory
62．stories
63．which
64．was
published
65．aged
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要简述了英国作家、诗人约翰·罗纳德·瑞尔·托尔金的生平故事。
56．考查冠词。句意：他的父母搬到那里是为了给他父亲找一份更好的工作。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再根据句意可知，better
job
在文中表示泛指，故填
a。
57．考查副词。句意：三年后，他的母亲带他去英国探亲。根据句意可知，later
意为“之后”，其前加一段时间，故填
later。
58．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词-ing
做句子的主语，且
Tolkien
和
grow
之间是主动关系，故填
Growing。
59．考查非谓语动词，分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再结合句意可知，此处用
to
do
表示目的，故填
to
study。
60．考查固定搭配。句意：但不久，他就病得不能再战斗了，第二年又回到了英国。根据句意可知，return
to
意为“返回”，符合题意，故填
to。
61．考查形容词。句意：他自己也没有一个令人满意的童年。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词，satisfying
相当于
satisfactory
意为“满意的”，符合题意，故填satisfying/satisfactory。
62．考查名词的数。句意：他花了很多时间给孩子们讲一个叫比尔博的霍比特人的奇幻故事。根据句意可知，空处填名词的复数形式，表示泛指，故填
stories。
63．考查定语从句连词。句意：1936
年，他第一次把这句话写进了书中，结果出人意料地大受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，指代空前内容在从句中做主语，故填
which。
64．考查语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，结合语境可知，应用一般过去时，the
Lords
of
the
Rings
是先行词，故谓语动词是单数第三人称，且和
publish
是被动关系，故填
was
published。
65．考查形容词。句意：托尔金享年
81
岁，于
1973
年去世。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词做
Tolkien
的后置定语，再结合句意可知，aged
意为“年老的、……岁的”，故填
aged。
【点睛】
非谓语动词
to
do,
doing,
done
的选择问题：
1.
判断出句子中已经有谓语动词之后，即可判断该动词是非谓语动词；
2.
考虑是否是一些固定搭配，是固定搭配就可以直接填写，相应的形式；
3.
如果是表目的、表将来、表示出乎意料的结果，即用
to
do；
4.
如果动词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系则用
doing；
5.
如果动词和逻辑主语之间是被动关系则用
done。
注意一些特殊用法，如
faced
with,
compared
with
等。
第四部分
写作（共两节，满分
40
分）
提纲作文范文：
Dear
Editor,
Protecting
traditional
Chinese
culture,
from
my
perspective,
is
of
great
significance.
Firstly,
it
can
help
pass
down
the
wisdom
of
the
Chinese
people
from
generation
to
generation.
Besides,
traditional
culture
provides
a
motivation
for
the
constant
development
of
the
country.
On
a
deeper
level,
it
serves
as
a
stepping
stone
to
the
international
world.
To
preserve
Chinese
traditional
culture,
the
government
should
strengthen
regulation
to
protect
it,
and
it
is
our
responsibility
to
be
a
good
steward.
What’s
more,
providing
various
cultural
exchange
activities
will
have
a
far-reaching
impact.
Yours,
Li
Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“如何保护中国传统文化”为主题，给报社写一封信。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
在我看来：in
my
opinion→from
my
perspective
充当：act
as→serve
as
保护：protect→preserve
深远的：profound→far-reaching
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Firstly,
it
can
help
pass
down
the
wisdom
of
the
Chinese
people
from
generation
to
generation.
Besides,
traditional
culture
provides
a
motivation
for
the
constant
development
of
the
country.
拓展句：Not
only
can
it
help
pass
down
the
wisdom
of
the
Chinese
people
from
generation
to
generation,
but
also
it
provides
a
motivation
for
the
constant
development
of
the
country.
【点睛】
[高分句型
1]
Protecting
traditional
Chinese
culture,
from
my
perspective,
is
of
great
significance.
(运用了动名词
Protecting
作主语)
[高分句型
2]
To
preserve
Chinese
traditional
culture,
the
government
should
strengthen
regulation
to
protect
it,
and
it
is
our
responsibility
to
be
a
good
steward.
(运用了
it
作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语)
读后续写示例：
Paragraph
1:
So
now
he
had
to
think
of
something
different.
He
walked
away
and
kept
wandering
in
the
street.
Then
he
stopped
in
front
of
a
shop
window.
It
was
nice
and
bright,
and
everybody
in
the
street
could
see
him.
Slowly
and
carefully
he
picked
up
a
stone
and
threw
it
at
the
window.
The
glass
broke
with
a
loud
noise
and
a
policeman
soon
appeared
in
front
of
him.
He
told
the
policeman
what
he
had
done.
But
the
policeman
didn’t
believe
him
and
saw
another
man
running
away
at
that
time,
so
the
policeman
ran
after
the
man
and
left
Soapy
behind.
Paragraph
2:
He
began
to
walk
back
to
Madison
Square
and
home--his
seat.
Soapy
suddenly
stopped
on
a
quiet
corner,
where
he
could
see
the
beautiful
old
church
in
the
city.
He
thought
of
the
days
when
he
had
a
mother,
and
friends,
and
beautiful
things
in
his
life.
Soapy
decided
to
change
his
life
and
be
a
new
man
when
he
left
a
hand
on
his
arm.
It
was
a
policeman,
who
came
to
arrest
him
and
put
him
into
prison
for
destroying
the
shop
window.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了流浪汉索比在面对即将到来的冬天，思索自己如何能在温暖舒适的监狱里呆上三个月来度过这个冬天。他想到了想法：在一家昂贵的餐厅吃晚餐。然后他告诉他们他没有钱，他们就报了警。这样就可以完成计划。当索比走进百老汇的一家餐馆时，服务员看到了索比的脏裤子和糟糕的鞋子后，强壮的手把他转过身来，又把他送到了街上。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“所以现在他不得不想其它的办法。”可知，第一段可描写索比接下来想用其它的办法来实现自己进监狱的计划。他可能想到拿石头砸街道上商店的橱窗，然后告诉警察自己的罪行。
②由第二段首句内容“他开始走回麦迪逊广场，回到他的家——一个座位上。”可知，第二段可描写在第二个计划失败后，索比决定改变自己的生活。而在这时，警察过来逮捕了他，因为他砸了商店的橱窗。
2.续写线索：
想办法——砸窗户——告诉警察——警察不相信——回到广场——决定改变——警察逮捕索比
3.词汇激活
行为类
①想办法：think
over/figure
out/think
of
②砸窗户：dash/throw
at/ruin/break
③告诉：tell/inform/notify
④不相信：unconvinced/doubt
about/lack
faith
in
⑤决定：determine/make
up
one'
s
mind
⑥逮捕：arrest/apprehend
情绪类
失望的：sad/diappointed/upset
【点睛】
[高分句型
1]
He
told
the
policeman
what
he
had
done.（运用了
what
引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型
2]
Soapy
suddenly
stopped
on
a
quiet
corner,
where
he
could
see
the
beautiful
old
church
in
the
city.（运用了
where
引导的非限制性定语从句）
