2016年高考英语真题试卷（新课标Ⅲ卷）

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2016年高考英语真题试卷（新课标Ⅲ卷）
一、阅读理解
1．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Music
Opera at MusicHall: 1243 Elm Street.The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September.The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742. http://www..
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at MemorialHall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June.Call 723-1182 for more information. http://www..
Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend.For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at MusicHall in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.
College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university,usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, includingperformances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, andvarious groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students withI.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each termis available by calling the box office at 556-4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats undercover (price difference).Big name shows all summer long! Phone: 232-6220. http://www.riverbendmusic.com.
（1）Which number should you call if you want to see an opera
A．241-2742. B．723-1182. C．381-3300. D．232-6220.
（2）When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra
A．February. B．May. C．August. D．November.
（3）Where can students go for free performances with their I.D. cards
A．Music Hall. B．Memorial Hall.
C．Patricia Cobbett Theater. D．Riverbend Music Theater.
（4）How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places
A．It has seats in the open air.
B．It gives shows all year round.
C．It offers membership discounts.
D． It presents famous musical works.
2．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）阅读理解。
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
“Hey, aren't you from Mississippi ” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I'm from Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn't know what my New York friends were thinking.”
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.
“My friends said: 'Now we believe your stories,'” Welty added. “And I said: 'Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.'”
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
“I don't make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don't have to.”
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
（1）What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe
A．Two strangers joined her. B．Her childhood friends came in.
C．A heavy rain ruined the dinner. D．Some people held a party there.
（2）The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's _________.
A．readers B．parties C．friends D．stories
（3）What can we learn about the characters in Welty's fiction
A．They live in big cities. B．They are mostly women.
C．They come from real life. D．They are pleasure seekers.
3．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）阅读理解。
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what's around. It's called Apple Day but in practice it's more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn't taste of anything special, it's still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat's Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
（1）What can people do at the apple events
A．Attend experts' lectures. B．Visit fruit-loving families.
C．Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D．Taste many kinds of apples.
（2）What can we learn about Decio
A．It is a new variety. B．It has a strange look.
C．It is rarely seen now. D．It has a special taste.
（3）What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean
A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope.
C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To show how to grow apples. B．To introduce an apple festival.
C．To help people select apples. D．To promote apple research.
4．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）阅读理解。
D
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds' rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
（1）What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to
A．News reports. B．Research papers.
C．Private e-mails. D．Daily conversations．
（2）What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer
A．They're socially inactive. B．They're good at telling stories.
C．They're inconsiderate of others. D．They're careful with their words.
（3）Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger's research
A．Sports new. B．Science articles.
C．Personal accounts. D．Financial reviews.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B．Online News Attracts More People
C．Reading Habits Change with the Times
D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
5．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 　 　 But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult. 　 　 This text is about how to buy and cook fish inan easy way.
　 　 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. 　 　 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 　 　First, lean it and season it with your choiceof spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then,it's ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it
B. The easiest is tosteam it.
C. This is how youcan do it.
D. It just requiresa little knowledge.
E. The fish will gobad within hours.
F. When buying fish,you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fishare thought to help prevent heart disease.
二、英语知识运用。
6．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）完形填空。
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant （1） Miller King, who was the best （2） at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for （3） .
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from （4） . He looked very （5） , but he didn't cry.
That season, Iall of Miller's records while he （6） the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, （7） I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's （8） .
One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller （9） going over a fence—which wasn't （10） to climb if you had both arms. I'm sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept （11） from. But even that challenge he accepted. I （12） him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally （13） on the other side, he said to me,＂You know, I didn't tell you this during the season, but you did （14） .Thank you for filling in for （15） .＂
His words freed me from my bad （16） . I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was （17） ahead of me. I was right to have （18） him. From that day on, I grew （19） and a little more real.
（1）A．cheering for B．beatingout
C．relying on D．staying with
（2）A．coach B．student
C．teacher D．player
（3）A．practice B．show
C．comfort D．pleasure
（4）A．school B．vacation
C．hospital D．training
（5）A．pale B．calm
C．relaxed D．ashamed
（6）A．held B．broke
C．set D．tried
（7）A．reported B．judged
C．organized D．watched
（8）A．and B．then
C．but D．thus
（9）A．decision B．mistake
C．accident D．sacrifice
（10）A．stuck B．hurt
C．tried D．lost
（11）A．steady B．hard
C．fun D．fit
（12）A．praise B．advice
C．assistance D．apology
（13）A．let B．helped
C．had D．noticed
（14）A．dropped B．ready
C．trapped D．safe
（15）A．fine B．wrong
C．quickly D．normally
（16）A．us B．yourself C．me D．them
（17）A．memories B．ideas
C．attitudes D．dreams
（18）A．still B．also
C．yet D．just
（19）A．challenged B．cured
C．invited D．admired
（20）A．healthier B．bigger C．cleverer D．cooler
7．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 　 　 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 　 　 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hard woods and metal 　 　 (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 　 　 (use) twigs(树枝)to removeit. Over time, 　 　 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 　 　 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 　 　 livedfrom roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 　 　 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 　 　 (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are notused everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 　 　 their hands.
三、写作
8．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）第一节 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：①每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
②只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn't seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be onmy own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　
9．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）第二节书面表达
假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
①表示歉意；
②说明原因；
③另约时间。
注意：
①词数100左右；
②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案解析部分
1．【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】文章是一片广告类短文。共介绍了五个与音乐有关的活动，包括举办的地点，举办时间，活动内容和联系方式等。
（1）A细节理解题。根据“opera”定位到第一个活动，第一个活动的联系电话是241-2742，故选A。
（2）B细节理解题。根据“Chamber Orchestra”定位到第二个活动，根据“which offers several concerts from March through June”可知，活动举办时间是3-6月，故选B。
（3）C细节理解题。根据“with theirI.D. cards”定位到第四个活动中的“Students with I.D. cards can attendthe events for free.”，根据“usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater”可知答案，故选C。
（4）A推理判断题。根据“Riverbend Music Theater”定位到最后一个活动，根据“Large outdoor theater with the closest seats”可知，Riverbend Music
Theater是一个露天剧院，不同的座位，其价格也是不同的，由此可知，RiverbendMusic Theater的座位是室外的；根据“all summer long!”排除B；根据第一个活动排除C；根据第四个活动排除D。故选A。
【点评】阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置手法体现在下列几个原则：
①包含项原则
在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其它三项(或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在“花”与“玫瑰”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰,因为玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。
②正反项原则
所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。根据形式逻辑排中律知识：两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中取其一。
③委婉项原则
所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively,be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, the most, all, every, any, merely, only, completely,none, hardly, already等等。
④同形项原则
几个选项如存在形式与结构上的相似，那它们就互为同形项。同形项组可喻为高尔夫球场上的“果岭”，而正确答案就是果岭上的“球洞”。命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项一般存在有正确答案。
⑤常识项原则
在议论文当中，那些符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般规律，属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。
⑥因果项原则
阅读理解逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题型的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理过头（止于后果），这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可以产生几个结果，那么答案就是因项；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果项。
2．【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welly是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welly的作品都是来自现实的生活。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段“another customer was approaching their table”和第三段“the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinnerpartner showed up, she also pulled up a chair”可知，先后有两个陌生人（一位女士及其同伴）加入了Welly他们的聚会，故选A。
（2）D猜测词义题。划线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据“Now webelieve your stories”可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。
（3）C推理判断题。根据“I don't make them up”和“Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with oldfriends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversationsoverheard on a bus.”可知，Welty小说里的人物并非虚构的，他们都来源于现实的生活，故选C。
【点评】猜词技巧：阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下：(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。
(2) 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 ；利用事例或解释猜生词；利用重复解释的信息猜生词。(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。第6题就是属于对指代关系进行判断。(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。(5)根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。(6)根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。常见问题形式有：
①The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by…
②As usedin the passage, the phrase “…” suggests…
③From thepassage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence “…” is/refers to/means…
④The word“…” is closest in meaning to …
3．【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】作者向人们介绍了一个节日－－Apple Day。由于这个节日苹果受欢迎，现在已经演变成“苹果月”了。在英国，人们在十月份庆祝该节日，持续大约一个月的时间。
（1）D细节理解题。根据第二段“Visiting an apple eventis a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”可知，参加相关的庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果，故选D。
（2）C推理判断题。故选C。
（3）B猜测词义题。根据第二段“to see therange of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio”可知。Decio是许多仍然存在的经典苹果种类之一，根据“which is moreof a curiosity than anything else.”可知，人们品尝它是出于好奇心，故选B。
（4）B写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—takeadvantage of Apple Day to see what's around. ”和最后一段“If youwant to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collectionat Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选B。
【点评】故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
解题技巧：
①高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。例如第11题，考查写作意图。作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加有关的活动。
②该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。
③对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。
4．【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；议论文
【解析】【分析】人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。在网络普及的时代。好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。
（1）细节理解题。根据第二段““The ‘if it bleeds' rule works for mass media,” ”可知，像 “it bleeds”这样的传统说法适合于大众媒体，故选A。
（2）C推理判断题。根据“you care a lot more how they react”可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应，根据“You don't want them to think ofyou as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不想被当作一个“Debbie Downer”，说明指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”，故选C。
（3）B细节理解题。根据第三段“articles in the science sectionwere much more likely to make the list than non-science articles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选B。
（4）D选择最佳标题。根据第一段“By trackingpeople's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spreadfaster and farther than disasters and sob stories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。
【点评】主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
选择“主题”旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有：
①Whatis the main / general idea of this text
②Whatis mainly discussed in this passage
③Whatis the text mainly about
④Thistext mainly tells us ________.
⑤Thispassage mainly deals with _________.
⑥Themain idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________.
选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：
①Whatwould be the best title for the text
②Whichof the following is the best / most suitable title for this text
③The best/ most suitable title for this text would be ________.
④Thetopic of this passage is _________.
不管是选择“主题”还是选择“标题”，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。
5．【答案】G；D；F；A；B
【知识点】日常生活类；七选五
【解析】【分析】文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是蒸鱼。
①G考查上下文串联。第一句“Everyoneknows that fish is good for health.”是总写，But表示转折，说明but前面一句是对第一句的解释，G项“鱼中的脂肪有助于预防心脏病”符合语境，故选G。
②D考查上下文串联。题目前一句“Buying, storing, and cookingfish isn't difficult.”可知，购买，存放和烧鱼并非难事，再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D项“这仅仅需要一点知识”符合语境，此题容易与C项混淆，C项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即C项与后一句重复，故选D。
③F考查上下文串联。根据“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选F。
④A考查上下文串联。根据前一句“Any fishy or strong smellmeans the fish isn't fresh.”可知，带有强烈的味道的鱼都不是新鲜的，不应该买这样的鱼，A项与后句联系紧密，故选A。
⑤B考查上下文串联。根据“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steampot”可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方法，故选B。
【点评】高考七选五解题方法：
①通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。
②分析句型，了解语法构成
③当我们了解了文章大意后，要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子。这一点十分重要，它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围，比如，有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号，后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分，很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子，这时便可以在七个选项中找到是半个句子的选项，从而缩小选择范围。
④明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。⑤带入通读，复查
做完题目切忌直接离开，这是我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这是如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做"连错"，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。
6．【答案】（1）B；（2）D；（3）A；（4）C；（5）A；（6）B；（7）D；（8）C；（9）C；（10）A；（11）B；（12）C；（13）B；（14）D；（15）A；（16）C；（17）D；（18）A；（19）D；（20）B
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇生活故事类短文阅读。文章是一片与足球有关的故事。作者想成为球队里最棒的球员，并向最优秀的球员Miller看齐。为了实现梦想，作者刻苦训练，在Miller受伤之后，作者脱颖而出，成为最有价值球员。作者的表现得到了Miller认可。
（1）B考查动词短语辨析。A. cheering for为…欢呼；B. beating out打败；C.relying on依靠；D.staying with和…待在一起。根据“become the star on our football team”可知，要想成为球队里的明星，就要打败最优秀的球员，故选B。
（2）D考查名词辨析。A. coach教练；B. student学生；C. teacher教师；D. player选手，球员。who wasthe best at our school.全校最好的球员是Miller King，故选D。
（3）A考查名词辨析。A.practice练习；B. show演出，表现，节目；C. comfort安慰；D. pleasure乐趣。作者随身带着足球是为了练习，故选A。
（4）C考查名词辨析。A.school学校；B. vacation假期；C. hospital医院；D. training训练。Miller意外受伤，失去了右臂，作者在他出院后去看他，故选C。
（5）A考查形容词辨析。A. pale苍白的；B. calm平静的；C. relaxed放松点；D. ashamed羞耻的，惭愧的。根据“but he didn't cry”可知，Miller的情况不太乐观，故选A。
（6）B考查动词辨析。A. held握住；B. broke打破；C. set创立，开创；D. tried尝试。根据“records记录”可知，作者破了Miller的纪录，故选B。
（7）D考查动词辨析。A. reported报告；B. judged判断；C. organized组织；D. watched观看。while he the home games from the bench受伤后的Miller坐在长凳上观看比赛，故选D。
（8）C考查并列连词。A.and和；B. then然后；C. but但是；D. thus因此。I was namedmost valuable player和I often had crazy dreams形成对比，作者虽然被封为最有价值球员，但是他总是做噩梦，故选C。
（9）C考查名词辨析。A. decision决定；B.mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. sacrifice牺牲。让作者感到内疚的是，仿佛是自己应该为Miller的事故负责，作者觉得有点胜之不武，故选C。
（10）A考查形容词辨析。A.stuck；B. hurt；C. tired劳累的；D. lost丢失的。saw Miller going over a fence作者看到Miller在翻篱笆，只有一只手臂的Miller翻篱笆很困难，因此应该是被卡在篱笆上了，故选A。
（11）B考查形容词辨析。A. steady稳定的；B. hard困难的；C. fun有趣的；D. fit合适的，健康的。if you hadboth arms.手臂健全的人翻篱笆不费吹灰之力，故选B。
（12）C考查名词辨析。A.praise表扬；B. advice建议；C. assistance帮助；D. apology道歉。作者认为Miller最不愿接受作者的帮助，the last最不可能的，故选C。
（13）B考查动词辨析。A. let让；B. helped帮助；C. had有，使；D. noticed注意到。根据“he accepted”可知，Miller接受了作者的帮助，故选B。
（14）D考查形容词辨析。A. dropped；B. ready准备好的；C. trapped被困住的；D. safe安全的。作者和Miller两人成功翻过篱笆，故选D。
（15）A考查副词辨析。A. fine够好，可接受；B. wrong错误地；C. quickly迅速；D. normally正常。Miller认为作者表现得很好，故选A。
（16）C考查代词辨析。A. us我们；B. yourself你自己； C. me我；D. them他们。Miller感谢作者填补了他的空缺，故选C。
（17）考查名词辨析。A. memories记忆；B. idea主意；C. attitudes态度；D. dreams梦。得到了Miller的认可之后，作者的噩梦也不见了踪影，故选D。
（18）A考查副词辨析。A. still 仍然；B. also也；C. yet然而，还没；D. just刚刚，仅仅。Damagedbut not defeated. Miller虽然受伤了，但却不会被打败，作者认为Miller仍然是最强的，故选A。
（19）D考查动词辨析。A. challenged挑战；B. cured治愈；C. invited邀请；D. admired敬佩，赞赏，欣赏。I was rightto have him.作者认为自己敬佩Miller没有做错，故选D。
（20）B考查形容词比较级。A. healthier更健康的；B. bigger更大的，更重要的，更成功的；C. cleverer更聪明的；D. cooler更酷的，更凉的。从那天起，作者长大了许多，更重视自己的存在了，故选B。
【点评】完形填空具体解题技巧：
技巧一 利用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项
逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：
（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and, but, or, because, though, however,yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；
（2）短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition,as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；
（3）分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all thingsconsidered等。逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。
技巧二 通晓上下文意，注意习惯搭配：词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。
技巧三 明确文章语境，搞清词语差异：高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。
技巧四 探究前后逻辑，确定连接词汇：连接词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考查学生的语用能力。因此，考生在解题时，要仔细分析，推理前后的逻辑关系，确定最佳选项。
7．【答案】and；be made；to create；using；as/when；gradually；who；development；were；with
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本题主要考查词法和句法知识，集中考查了词性转换，并列句，定语从句，状语从句和非谓语动词等语法知识。
①and考查并列连词。这里列举了一些亚洲的国家，他们是并列关系，故填and。
②be made考查固定词组。sth be made of精美的筷子可能非由金或银制成的筷子莫属。…某物由…制成，情态动词后跟动词原形，故填be made。
③to create考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。
④using考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。
⑤as/when考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为“当……时候”，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。
⑥gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。
⑦who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
⑧development考查词性转换。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。
⑨were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。
⑩with考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with。
【点评】语法填空的解题技巧：语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：
①纯空格试题的解题技巧
首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比如第1空， 5空， 7空和10空，1空考查并列连词，5空考查时间状语从句，7空考查非限制性定语从句，10空考查介词。
②给出了动词的试题解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句子没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词，若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态；若句子有谓语动词则用非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词）。比如2空，3空和9空，给的是动词，根据句意可知2空是动词词组，3空是不定式表目的，9空是并列的谓语。
③词汇转换题解题技巧
这类题主要考查名词、形容词和副词。根据所给词在句中所做句子成分确定用哪种形式。比如6空和8空，分别考查动词转换为名词和形容词转换为副词。
8．【答案】year—years；worse—worst；the去掉；yourself—myself；such—so；tell—told；freely—free；wear—wearing；to—for；I ∧need
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】题目主要考查学生对词法的掌握情况，测试学生能否在具体的语境中灵活运用。
①year-years 考查名词复数。13-19年是复数概念，year是可数名词，故把year改为years。
②worse-worst 考查形容词最高级。根据前句“13-19岁是最困难的时期”可知，应该使用最高级；and表并列，根据best可知，and谅解了两个最高级，故把我热、改为worst。
③the去掉考查冠词。at first起初，是固定词组，不需要冠词，故把the去掉。
④yourself—myself考查反身代词。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为mmyself。
⑤such—so考查so/such的用法。 my parentsdidn't seem to think so我的父母似乎不这样认为，so指代上一句的内容，故把such改为so。
⑥tell—told考查时态。通篇回忆过去的事情，使用的一般过去时，故把tell改为told。
⑦freely—free考查形容词副词。be后跟形容词构成系表结构，be free from...摆脱......，不受......的影响，故把freely改为free。
⑧wear-wearing 考查固定搭配，by是介词，意为“通过”，后跟名词/代词或动名词，故把wear改为wearing。
⑨to-for 考查介词。leave sp for sp离开某地前往另一地，college是目的地，故把to改为for。
⑩ I ∧need考查状语从句。Whether引导让步状语从句，从句缺少主语，根据语境可知，这里指“我”需要父母的帮助，故在whether后加 I。
【点评】改错中动词、连词以及上下文语境也是出题者经常会考虑的出题知识点，其解题方法如下：
①动词错误的发现与解决
英语中有许多的短语动词，是很难从字面上判断其意义的。其中与介词构成短语的动词是最常见的。我们在分析题目的时候，发现有动宾搭配的时候，应该考虑该动词是否是一个短语动词，并进而分析构成该短语动词的介词有无遗漏。对于短语动词的熟悉是一个长期积累的过程，需要随时总结与记忆。以下是考试中常见到的短语动词：
account for； add up to； back up； break down； break away from； bleak out； break up； break in； break off； bring about； bring up； bring out； bring down； build up； call off； call for； call on； carry out； check in； clear up； come off； come around； count on； cut down； cut off； do away with； dwell on； fall back on； fall out； get over； get out of； get at； give out； give up； give off； hang on； hold back； keep back from； keep up with； lay off； lay down； live up to； look into； look forward to； look over； make up； make out； pass away； put up with； role out； run out of； set about； take over； take up； take in； take off； turn up； turn out；等。
还有一种常考的动词的用法就是语态。在所分析的文字中包含谓语动词，那么应该分析是否是这方面的问题。其中应该重点分析主语与谓语动词的关系是主动还是被动。
②连接词错误的发现与解决
例： However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavioras good manners．本题所考查的就是比较连接词的用法。从前文的more我们就可以看出，下文的as是不恰当的，正确的答案应是比较连接词than。一般来说，比较连接词所考查的重点集中在as与than的用法上。句意中是否还有比较意义是很容易辨别的，我们一旦觉察到句子有比较的意思，就应考虑是否是as与than的用法混淆。此外定语从句的连接词也是要特别注意的。我们看 2000年6月的第74题：Instead，this otherperson told us a story，it he said was quite well known．在这里，句子的后半段很明显是一个非限制性的定语从句，所以应将it改为which.非限制性的定语从句的连接词在近几年的考试中反复出现，应该引起我们的重视。解决此类问题的方法是，凡是发现有复合句的分析对象，首先就要考虑从句的连接词。首先看是否有连接词，其次看连接词是否正确，尤其是which与 that的不同应用。
③语言环境类错误的发现与解决
从历年的考题来看，语言环境类的错误是最有章可循的。这类错误一般是一行中的关键词与上下文所体现出来的意思完全相反。此类题的解决也较简单，那就是将不符合文意的词改为它的反义词即可。如第54题就是属于语境错误。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为myself。
9．【答案】Dear Bob, I'm sorry to say that I cannot goto the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have toattend an important class meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not causeyou too much trouble. Shall we go on Saturday morning We can set out early so that we'll havemore time to read and select books. If it's convenient for you, let's meet at 8:30outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time suits you best. I shouldbe available any time after school next week. Yours, Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇书信类作文。题目要求写一封道歉信，就不能如约一起去书店向Bob道歉，使用第一人称和一般现在进行时进行写作。写作内容包括：表达歉意；说明原因；另约时间。注意使用连接词，使作文内容连贯。
亮点说明：范文包括了所有要点内容，做到了语意连贯。范文使用了宾语从句that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon和the change will not cause you too much trouble；目的状语从句so that we'll have more time to read and select books；条件句If it's convenient for you；省略句If not等，长短结合，使内容更加丰富。
【点评】题目是常规的书信作文，要求写一封道歉信，是应用文的一种。写作的内容已经给出，表达歉意的同时，还要与对方另约时间。因此，不仅仅是一封道歉信。写作时注意涵盖所有要点，还要兼顾上下文的连贯性。
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2016年高考英语真题试卷（新课标Ⅲ卷）
一、阅读理解
1．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Music
Opera at MusicHall: 1243 Elm Street.The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September.The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742. http://www..
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at MemorialHall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June.Call 723-1182 for more information. http://www..
Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend.For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at MusicHall in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.
College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university,usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, includingperformances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, andvarious groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students withI.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each termis available by calling the box office at 556-4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats undercover (price difference).Big name shows all summer long! Phone: 232-6220. http://www.riverbendmusic.com.
（1）Which number should you call if you want to see an opera
A．241-2742. B．723-1182. C．381-3300. D．232-6220.
（2）When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra
A．February. B．May. C．August. D．November.
（3）Where can students go for free performances with their I.D. cards
A．Music Hall. B．Memorial Hall.
C．Patricia Cobbett Theater. D．Riverbend Music Theater.
（4）How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places
A．It has seats in the open air.
B．It gives shows all year round.
C．It offers membership discounts.
D． It presents famous musical works.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】文章是一片广告类短文。共介绍了五个与音乐有关的活动，包括举办的地点，举办时间，活动内容和联系方式等。
（1）A细节理解题。根据“opera”定位到第一个活动，第一个活动的联系电话是241-2742，故选A。
（2）B细节理解题。根据“Chamber Orchestra”定位到第二个活动，根据“which offers several concerts from March through June”可知，活动举办时间是3-6月，故选B。
（3）C细节理解题。根据“with theirI.D. cards”定位到第四个活动中的“Students with I.D. cards can attendthe events for free.”，根据“usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater”可知答案，故选C。
（4）A推理判断题。根据“Riverbend Music Theater”定位到最后一个活动，根据“Large outdoor theater with the closest seats”可知，Riverbend Music
Theater是一个露天剧院，不同的座位，其价格也是不同的，由此可知，RiverbendMusic Theater的座位是室外的；根据“all summer long!”排除B；根据第一个活动排除C；根据第四个活动排除D。故选A。
【点评】阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置手法体现在下列几个原则：
①包含项原则
在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其它三项(或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在“花”与“玫瑰”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰,因为玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。
②正反项原则
所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。根据形式逻辑排中律知识：两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中取其一。
③委婉项原则
所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively,be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, the most, all, every, any, merely, only, completely,none, hardly, already等等。
④同形项原则
几个选项如存在形式与结构上的相似，那它们就互为同形项。同形项组可喻为高尔夫球场上的“果岭”，而正确答案就是果岭上的“球洞”。命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项一般存在有正确答案。
⑤常识项原则
在议论文当中，那些符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般规律，属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。
⑥因果项原则
阅读理解逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题型的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理过头（止于后果），这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可以产生几个结果，那么答案就是因项；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果项。
2．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）阅读理解。
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
“Hey, aren't you from Mississippi ” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I'm from Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn't know what my New York friends were thinking.”
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.
“My friends said: 'Now we believe your stories,'” Welty added. “And I said: 'Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.'”
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
“I don't make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don't have to.”
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
（1）What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe
A．Two strangers joined her. B．Her childhood friends came in.
C．A heavy rain ruined the dinner. D．Some people held a party there.
（2）The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's _________.
A．readers B．parties C．friends D．stories
（3）What can we learn about the characters in Welty's fiction
A．They live in big cities. B．They are mostly women.
C．They come from real life. D．They are pleasure seekers.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welly是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welly的作品都是来自现实的生活。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段“another customer was approaching their table”和第三段“the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinnerpartner showed up, she also pulled up a chair”可知，先后有两个陌生人（一位女士及其同伴）加入了Welly他们的聚会，故选A。
（2）D猜测词义题。划线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据“Now webelieve your stories”可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。
（3）C推理判断题。根据“I don't make them up”和“Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with oldfriends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversationsoverheard on a bus.”可知，Welty小说里的人物并非虚构的，他们都来源于现实的生活，故选C。
【点评】猜词技巧：阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下：(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。
(2) 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 ；利用事例或解释猜生词；利用重复解释的信息猜生词。(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。第6题就是属于对指代关系进行判断。(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。(5)根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。(6)根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。常见问题形式有：
①The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by…
②As usedin the passage, the phrase “…” suggests…
③From thepassage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence “…” is/refers to/means…
④The word“…” is closest in meaning to …
3．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）阅读理解。
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what's around. It's called Apple Day but in practice it's more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn't taste of anything special, it's still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat's Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
（1）What can people do at the apple events
A．Attend experts' lectures. B．Visit fruit-loving families.
C．Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D．Taste many kinds of apples.
（2）What can we learn about Decio
A．It is a new variety. B．It has a strange look.
C．It is rarely seen now. D．It has a special taste.
（3）What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean
A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope.
C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To show how to grow apples. B．To introduce an apple festival.
C．To help people select apples. D．To promote apple research.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】作者向人们介绍了一个节日－－Apple Day。由于这个节日苹果受欢迎，现在已经演变成“苹果月”了。在英国，人们在十月份庆祝该节日，持续大约一个月的时间。
（1）D细节理解题。根据第二段“Visiting an apple eventis a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”可知，参加相关的庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果，故选D。
（2）C推理判断题。故选C。
（3）B猜测词义题。根据第二段“to see therange of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio”可知。Decio是许多仍然存在的经典苹果种类之一，根据“which is moreof a curiosity than anything else.”可知，人们品尝它是出于好奇心，故选B。
（4）B写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—takeadvantage of Apple Day to see what's around. ”和最后一段“If youwant to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collectionat Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选B。
【点评】故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
解题技巧：
①高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。例如第11题，考查写作意图。作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加有关的活动。
②该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。
③对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。
4．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）阅读理解。
D
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds' rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
（1）What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to
A．News reports. B．Research papers.
C．Private e-mails. D．Daily conversations．
（2）What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer
A．They're socially inactive. B．They're good at telling stories.
C．They're inconsiderate of others. D．They're careful with their words.
（3）Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger's research
A．Sports new. B．Science articles.
C．Personal accounts. D．Financial reviews.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B．Online News Attracts More People
C．Reading Habits Change with the Times
D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；议论文
【解析】【分析】人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。在网络普及的时代。好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。
（1）细节理解题。根据第二段““The ‘if it bleeds' rule works for mass media,” ”可知，像 “it bleeds”这样的传统说法适合于大众媒体，故选A。
（2）C推理判断题。根据“you care a lot more how they react”可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应，根据“You don't want them to think ofyou as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不想被当作一个“Debbie Downer”，说明指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”，故选C。
（3）B细节理解题。根据第三段“articles in the science sectionwere much more likely to make the list than non-science articles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选B。
（4）D选择最佳标题。根据第一段“By trackingpeople's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spreadfaster and farther than disasters and sob stories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。
【点评】主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
选择“主题”旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有：
①Whatis the main / general idea of this text
②Whatis mainly discussed in this passage
③Whatis the text mainly about
④Thistext mainly tells us ________.
⑤Thispassage mainly deals with _________.
⑥Themain idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________.
选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：
①Whatwould be the best title for the text
②Whichof the following is the best / most suitable title for this text
③The best/ most suitable title for this text would be ________.
④Thetopic of this passage is _________.
不管是选择“主题”还是选择“标题”，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。
5．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 　 　 But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult. 　 　 This text is about how to buy and cook fish inan easy way.
　 　 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. 　 　 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 　 　First, lean it and season it with your choiceof spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then,it's ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it
B. The easiest is tosteam it.
C. This is how youcan do it.
D. It just requiresa little knowledge.
E. The fish will gobad within hours.
F. When buying fish,you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fishare thought to help prevent heart disease.
【答案】G；D；F；A；B
【知识点】日常生活类；七选五
【解析】【分析】文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是蒸鱼。
①G考查上下文串联。第一句“Everyoneknows that fish is good for health.”是总写，But表示转折，说明but前面一句是对第一句的解释，G项“鱼中的脂肪有助于预防心脏病”符合语境，故选G。
②D考查上下文串联。题目前一句“Buying, storing, and cookingfish isn't difficult.”可知，购买，存放和烧鱼并非难事，再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D项“这仅仅需要一点知识”符合语境，此题容易与C项混淆，C项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即C项与后一句重复，故选D。
③F考查上下文串联。根据“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选F。
④A考查上下文串联。根据前一句“Any fishy or strong smellmeans the fish isn't fresh.”可知，带有强烈的味道的鱼都不是新鲜的，不应该买这样的鱼，A项与后句联系紧密，故选A。
⑤B考查上下文串联。根据“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steampot”可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方法，故选B。
【点评】高考七选五解题方法：
①通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。
②分析句型，了解语法构成
③当我们了解了文章大意后，要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子。这一点十分重要，它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围，比如，有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号，后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分，很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子，这时便可以在七个选项中找到是半个句子的选项，从而缩小选择范围。
④明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。⑤带入通读，复查
做完题目切忌直接离开，这是我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这是如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做"连错"，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。
二、英语知识运用。
6．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）完形填空。
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant （1） Miller King, who was the best （2） at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for （3） .
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from （4） . He looked very （5） , but he didn't cry.
That season, Iall of Miller's records while he （6） the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, （7） I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's （8） .
One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller （9） going over a fence—which wasn't （10） to climb if you had both arms. I'm sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept （11） from. But even that challenge he accepted. I （12） him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally （13） on the other side, he said to me,＂You know, I didn't tell you this during the season, but you did （14） .Thank you for filling in for （15） .＂
His words freed me from my bad （16） . I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was （17） ahead of me. I was right to have （18） him. From that day on, I grew （19） and a little more real.
（1）A．cheering for B．beatingout
C．relying on D．staying with
（2）A．coach B．student
C．teacher D．player
（3）A．practice B．show
C．comfort D．pleasure
（4）A．school B．vacation
C．hospital D．training
（5）A．pale B．calm
C．relaxed D．ashamed
（6）A．held B．broke
C．set D．tried
（7）A．reported B．judged
C．organized D．watched
（8）A．and B．then
C．but D．thus
（9）A．decision B．mistake
C．accident D．sacrifice
（10）A．stuck B．hurt
C．tried D．lost
（11）A．steady B．hard
C．fun D．fit
（12）A．praise B．advice
C．assistance D．apology
（13）A．let B．helped
C．had D．noticed
（14）A．dropped B．ready
C．trapped D．safe
（15）A．fine B．wrong
C．quickly D．normally
（16）A．us B．yourself C．me D．them
（17）A．memories B．ideas
C．attitudes D．dreams
（18）A．still B．also
C．yet D．just
（19）A．challenged B．cured
C．invited D．admired
（20）A．healthier B．bigger C．cleverer D．cooler
【答案】（1）B；（2）D；（3）A；（4）C；（5）A；（6）B；（7）D；（8）C；（9）C；（10）A；（11）B；（12）C；（13）B；（14）D；（15）A；（16）C；（17）D；（18）A；（19）D；（20）B
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇生活故事类短文阅读。文章是一片与足球有关的故事。作者想成为球队里最棒的球员，并向最优秀的球员Miller看齐。为了实现梦想，作者刻苦训练，在Miller受伤之后，作者脱颖而出，成为最有价值球员。作者的表现得到了Miller认可。
（1）B考查动词短语辨析。A. cheering for为…欢呼；B. beating out打败；C.relying on依靠；D.staying with和…待在一起。根据“become the star on our football team”可知，要想成为球队里的明星，就要打败最优秀的球员，故选B。
（2）D考查名词辨析。A. coach教练；B. student学生；C. teacher教师；D. player选手，球员。who wasthe best at our school.全校最好的球员是Miller King，故选D。
（3）A考查名词辨析。A.practice练习；B. show演出，表现，节目；C. comfort安慰；D. pleasure乐趣。作者随身带着足球是为了练习，故选A。
（4）C考查名词辨析。A.school学校；B. vacation假期；C. hospital医院；D. training训练。Miller意外受伤，失去了右臂，作者在他出院后去看他，故选C。
（5）A考查形容词辨析。A. pale苍白的；B. calm平静的；C. relaxed放松点；D. ashamed羞耻的，惭愧的。根据“but he didn't cry”可知，Miller的情况不太乐观，故选A。
（6）B考查动词辨析。A. held握住；B. broke打破；C. set创立，开创；D. tried尝试。根据“records记录”可知，作者破了Miller的纪录，故选B。
（7）D考查动词辨析。A. reported报告；B. judged判断；C. organized组织；D. watched观看。while he the home games from the bench受伤后的Miller坐在长凳上观看比赛，故选D。
（8）C考查并列连词。A.and和；B. then然后；C. but但是；D. thus因此。I was namedmost valuable player和I often had crazy dreams形成对比，作者虽然被封为最有价值球员，但是他总是做噩梦，故选C。
（9）C考查名词辨析。A. decision决定；B.mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. sacrifice牺牲。让作者感到内疚的是，仿佛是自己应该为Miller的事故负责，作者觉得有点胜之不武，故选C。
（10）A考查形容词辨析。A.stuck；B. hurt；C. tired劳累的；D. lost丢失的。saw Miller going over a fence作者看到Miller在翻篱笆，只有一只手臂的Miller翻篱笆很困难，因此应该是被卡在篱笆上了，故选A。
（11）B考查形容词辨析。A. steady稳定的；B. hard困难的；C. fun有趣的；D. fit合适的，健康的。if you hadboth arms.手臂健全的人翻篱笆不费吹灰之力，故选B。
（12）C考查名词辨析。A.praise表扬；B. advice建议；C. assistance帮助；D. apology道歉。作者认为Miller最不愿接受作者的帮助，the last最不可能的，故选C。
（13）B考查动词辨析。A. let让；B. helped帮助；C. had有，使；D. noticed注意到。根据“he accepted”可知，Miller接受了作者的帮助，故选B。
（14）D考查形容词辨析。A. dropped；B. ready准备好的；C. trapped被困住的；D. safe安全的。作者和Miller两人成功翻过篱笆，故选D。
（15）A考查副词辨析。A. fine够好，可接受；B. wrong错误地；C. quickly迅速；D. normally正常。Miller认为作者表现得很好，故选A。
（16）C考查代词辨析。A. us我们；B. yourself你自己； C. me我；D. them他们。Miller感谢作者填补了他的空缺，故选C。
（17）考查名词辨析。A. memories记忆；B. idea主意；C. attitudes态度；D. dreams梦。得到了Miller的认可之后，作者的噩梦也不见了踪影，故选D。
（18）A考查副词辨析。A. still 仍然；B. also也；C. yet然而，还没；D. just刚刚，仅仅。Damagedbut not defeated. Miller虽然受伤了，但却不会被打败，作者认为Miller仍然是最强的，故选A。
（19）D考查动词辨析。A. challenged挑战；B. cured治愈；C. invited邀请；D. admired敬佩，赞赏，欣赏。I was rightto have him.作者认为自己敬佩Miller没有做错，故选D。
（20）B考查形容词比较级。A. healthier更健康的；B. bigger更大的，更重要的，更成功的；C. cleverer更聪明的；D. cooler更酷的，更凉的。从那天起，作者长大了许多，更重视自己的存在了，故选B。
【点评】完形填空具体解题技巧：
技巧一 利用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项
逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：
（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and, but, or, because, though, however,yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；
（2）短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition,as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；
（3）分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all thingsconsidered等。逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。
技巧二 通晓上下文意，注意习惯搭配：词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。
技巧三 明确文章语境，搞清词语差异：高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。
技巧四 探究前后逻辑，确定连接词汇：连接词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考查学生的语用能力。因此，考生在解题时，要仔细分析，推理前后的逻辑关系，确定最佳选项。
7．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 　 　 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 　 　 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hard woods and metal 　 　 (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 　 　 (use) twigs(树枝)to removeit. Over time, 　 　 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 　 　 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 　 　 livedfrom roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 　 　 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 　 　 (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are notused everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 　 　 their hands.
【答案】and；be made；to create；using；as/when；gradually；who；development；were；with
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本题主要考查词法和句法知识，集中考查了词性转换，并列句，定语从句，状语从句和非谓语动词等语法知识。
①and考查并列连词。这里列举了一些亚洲的国家，他们是并列关系，故填and。
②be made考查固定词组。sth be made of精美的筷子可能非由金或银制成的筷子莫属。…某物由…制成，情态动词后跟动词原形，故填be made。
③to create考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。
④using考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。
⑤as/when考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为“当……时候”，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。
⑥gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。
⑦who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
⑧development考查词性转换。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。
⑨were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。
⑩with考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with。
【点评】语法填空的解题技巧：语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：
①纯空格试题的解题技巧
首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比如第1空， 5空， 7空和10空，1空考查并列连词，5空考查时间状语从句，7空考查非限制性定语从句，10空考查介词。
②给出了动词的试题解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句子没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词，若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态；若句子有谓语动词则用非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词）。比如2空，3空和9空，给的是动词，根据句意可知2空是动词词组，3空是不定式表目的，9空是并列的谓语。
③词汇转换题解题技巧
这类题主要考查名词、形容词和副词。根据所给词在句中所做句子成分确定用哪种形式。比如6空和8空，分别考查动词转换为名词和形容词转换为副词。
三、写作
8．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）第一节 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：①每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
②只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn't seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be onmy own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　
【答案】year—years；worse—worst；the去掉；yourself—myself；such—so；tell—told；freely—free；wear—wearing；to—for；I ∧need
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】题目主要考查学生对词法的掌握情况，测试学生能否在具体的语境中灵活运用。
①year-years 考查名词复数。13-19年是复数概念，year是可数名词，故把year改为years。
②worse-worst 考查形容词最高级。根据前句“13-19岁是最困难的时期”可知，应该使用最高级；and表并列，根据best可知，and谅解了两个最高级，故把我热、改为worst。
③the去掉考查冠词。at first起初，是固定词组，不需要冠词，故把the去掉。
④yourself—myself考查反身代词。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为mmyself。
⑤such—so考查so/such的用法。 my parentsdidn't seem to think so我的父母似乎不这样认为，so指代上一句的内容，故把such改为so。
⑥tell—told考查时态。通篇回忆过去的事情，使用的一般过去时，故把tell改为told。
⑦freely—free考查形容词副词。be后跟形容词构成系表结构，be free from...摆脱......，不受......的影响，故把freely改为free。
⑧wear-wearing 考查固定搭配，by是介词，意为“通过”，后跟名词/代词或动名词，故把wear改为wearing。
⑨to-for 考查介词。leave sp for sp离开某地前往另一地，college是目的地，故把to改为for。
⑩ I ∧need考查状语从句。Whether引导让步状语从句，从句缺少主语，根据语境可知，这里指“我”需要父母的帮助，故在whether后加 I。
【点评】改错中动词、连词以及上下文语境也是出题者经常会考虑的出题知识点，其解题方法如下：
①动词错误的发现与解决
英语中有许多的短语动词，是很难从字面上判断其意义的。其中与介词构成短语的动词是最常见的。我们在分析题目的时候，发现有动宾搭配的时候，应该考虑该动词是否是一个短语动词，并进而分析构成该短语动词的介词有无遗漏。对于短语动词的熟悉是一个长期积累的过程，需要随时总结与记忆。以下是考试中常见到的短语动词：
account for； add up to； back up； break down； break away from； bleak out； break up； break in； break off； bring about； bring up； bring out； bring down； build up； call off； call for； call on； carry out； check in； clear up； come off； come around； count on； cut down； cut off； do away with； dwell on； fall back on； fall out； get over； get out of； get at； give out； give up； give off； hang on； hold back； keep back from； keep up with； lay off； lay down； live up to； look into； look forward to； look over； make up； make out； pass away； put up with； role out； run out of； set about； take over； take up； take in； take off； turn up； turn out；等。
还有一种常考的动词的用法就是语态。在所分析的文字中包含谓语动词，那么应该分析是否是这方面的问题。其中应该重点分析主语与谓语动词的关系是主动还是被动。
②连接词错误的发现与解决
例： However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavioras good manners．本题所考查的就是比较连接词的用法。从前文的more我们就可以看出，下文的as是不恰当的，正确的答案应是比较连接词than。一般来说，比较连接词所考查的重点集中在as与than的用法上。句意中是否还有比较意义是很容易辨别的，我们一旦觉察到句子有比较的意思，就应考虑是否是as与than的用法混淆。此外定语从句的连接词也是要特别注意的。我们看 2000年6月的第74题：Instead，this otherperson told us a story，it he said was quite well known．在这里，句子的后半段很明显是一个非限制性的定语从句，所以应将it改为which.非限制性的定语从句的连接词在近几年的考试中反复出现，应该引起我们的重视。解决此类问题的方法是，凡是发现有复合句的分析对象，首先就要考虑从句的连接词。首先看是否有连接词，其次看连接词是否正确，尤其是which与 that的不同应用。
③语言环境类错误的发现与解决
从历年的考题来看，语言环境类的错误是最有章可循的。这类错误一般是一行中的关键词与上下文所体现出来的意思完全相反。此类题的解决也较简单，那就是将不符合文意的词改为它的反义词即可。如第54题就是属于语境错误。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为myself。
9．（2016·新课标Ⅲ卷）第二节书面表达
假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
①表示歉意；
②说明原因；
③另约时间。
注意：
①词数100左右；
②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Bob, I'm sorry to say that I cannot goto the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have toattend an important class meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not causeyou too much trouble. Shall we go on Saturday morning We can set out early so that we'll havemore time to read and select books. If it's convenient for you, let's meet at 8:30outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time suits you best. I shouldbe available any time after school next week. Yours, Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇书信类作文。题目要求写一封道歉信，就不能如约一起去书店向Bob道歉，使用第一人称和一般现在进行时进行写作。写作内容包括：表达歉意；说明原因；另约时间。注意使用连接词，使作文内容连贯。
亮点说明：范文包括了所有要点内容，做到了语意连贯。范文使用了宾语从句that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon和the change will not cause you too much trouble；目的状语从句so that we'll have more time to read and select books；条件句If it's convenient for you；省略句If not等，长短结合，使内容更加丰富。
【点评】题目是常规的书信作文，要求写一封道歉信，是应用文的一种。写作的内容已经给出，表达歉意的同时，还要与对方另约时间。因此，不仅仅是一封道歉信。写作时注意涵盖所有要点，还要兼顾上下文的连贯性。
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